1、+ 2018 2 20 01 18 8 +2018 : () I . 1 1.1 . 1 1.2 . 4 1.3 . 7 . 16 2.1 . 16 2.2 . 19 2.3 . 21 2.4 . 25 2.5 . 29 2.6 3D . 32 2.7 . 36 . 41 3.1 . 41 3.2 . 41 3.3 . 43 3.4 . 46 3.5 . 49 . 57 4.1 . 57 4.2 . 85 4.3 . 109 4.4 . 146 4.5 . 168 4.6 . 177 . 186 5.1.186 . . . . . . . . . II 5.2 . 188 5.3 . 195
2、1 1.1 2015 + 1 : GB/T 4754-2017 2 2 a b 1.1 a5b2 3 5 a b 1.2 a5b16 a a 4 a b 1.3 a1851b1931 CAD BIM BIM BIM 1.2+ 1)+ b b BIMBIM 5 21 1995 20183500360.6% 50%20172.3 20168.6%10.2%50% 3 20082015 40%201820 9 4 2008 , 4.0 20502 2)+ 201535+, + + 3)+ 201552025 5 2025 20 + 6 ,20252025 +2025 4)+ +3 2018 6 20
3、162016-2020 7 2015 BIMBIM 20162016 7 1.3 8 2011 50%201547.6 20164.952017 21.4GDP26% BIMPPP EPC 4 47 7. .6 6 4.954.95 GDPGDP26%26% 8 1.3.1 30 20% GDP 2-3 1.4 2006-2017& 2015 + 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 0 5 10 15 20 25 20062007200820092000162017 % 20062006- -20172017 2009 9 1.3.2
4、 2011500 50% 103.5% 9 1.5 2005-2017 GDP2-3 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 200520062007200820092000162017 500 500 20062007 10 1.3.3 20042010 2013 20172 20174 2017 11 20251000 + 20181112 11 2019630 1.3.4 2016 10 3D 11 12 1.3.5 1956 20 2013 2018 2016 2025 30
5、% 20172 20171-10 1.272017 6.2% 13 + 1.3.6 20147 2014843PPP PPP EPC19842014 1020165 EPCEPC 20159 20172 1984 PPPEPC 1.3.7 20147 2017 19841984 20162016 E EPCPC 14 31 + 1.6 12 + 2005 2017 1 1.6 15 + + + + + 16 , 2.1 2.1.1 Internet of ThingsIoT RFID 1 1 23 2 Kary Framling2002 2010 IoTIoT RFIDRFID 2002200
6、2 17 3 2017-2018 125 4 2.1.2 1) , , , , 56 2) RFID 7 RFID 5 6 6 18 8 9 FGBRFID 3) Intelligent BuildingIB 1 10 2 11 3 9 IBIB 19 2.2 2.2.1 Cloud Computing 12 SaaSPaaS IaaS 1996Compaq 2006 EC2EC2 IBM 2008Microsoft Azure 2009Gartner 2017IaaS 13-17 2017691.6 34.32%264.855.7% 17 3-5 18 2.2.2 PaaSPaaS Micr
7、osoft AzuMicrosoft Azu 20172017 20 BIM BIMBIM BIM BIM 1920 2010 BIMBIM Cloud-BIM 19 2.1Cloud-BIM 2.1 Cloud-BIM 19 Cloud-BIM 1) BIM IFC BIM 21 BIM BIM BIM 2) Cloud-BIM BIM Cloud- -BIMBIM 21 BIM Cloud-BIM 20 3) Cloud-BIM Cloud-BIM 22 4) BIM 3D Szu-cheng ChienBIMBIM 23 2.2.3 2006 BIM Cloud-BIMBIM 2.3 2
8、2 2.3.1 Big Data 2425 Michael CoxDavid Ellsworth1997 26 5VVolumeVelocityVarietyVeracity Value 27 28 29 Google Flu Trends 2009H1N1 2012 Xoom 2830 ,20174700 30%110 29 VeracityVeracity 23 2.3.2 (CAD) BIM BIM BIM 1) Sijie ZhangBIM 31 +BIM 2) BIM Hyunjoo Kim BIM 32 BIMBIM 24 3) MPEMPE BIM Li Wang 33 4) N
9、ick Savko & Sons 34 5) 35 2011-2012 36 Muhammad BilalBIM 37 2.3.3 25 BIM+BIM 201848 3839 1 2 3 2.4 2.4.1 Artificial IntelligenceAI 1 John McCarthy1956 McCarthyLISP 40 197480 DEC LISP 41 1990 2 2 Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence John McCarthy 26 21 42 43 44 2.4.2 1) 6 45 46 CIM 66 27 2)
10、 47 BIM70 BIM BIM BIM 48 BIM BIMBIM 49 BIM 50 BIM BIM1 28 2BIM 3BIM 4 49 3) Young-Jin Cha 51 52 53 RBM 2.4.3 54 Jin ChaJin Cha 5151 52 29 1 23 4 54 2.5 2.5.1 VRVirtual Reality ARAugmented Reality VRAR VRVR Franz Roubaud 55 VR1968Ivan Sutherland 5657 VPL1989VRRB-2VR 90VR VR 55 2000 VRFacebook201420VR
11、Oculus 58 HTCVRVR ARThomas CaudellDavid Mizell 1992 59 Augmented RealityAugmented Reality 5656 5757 30 AR AR 20122015 Hololens2017ARMagic Leap AR VR/ARDigi-Capital2017VR/AR 30 60 VR/AR VR/AR 2025 61 VR/AR 2.5.2 VR CADBIM VR VR VR BIM+VR 62 2.2 62 VR 63 VR/VR/AR CADCADBIMBIM VRVR 6262 31 Fuzor 64 Joh
12、ansson Mikael3D BIMAutodesk Revit 65 Mohammadali HeidariSmart-BIM 66 Jing Du BIMVRBIM BIM 67 2.5.3 AR 68 AR AR BIM BIM+AR 6767 32 BIMAR 68 BIM+AR BIM+AR 69 Oh-Seong KwonBIM+AR 70 ARBIM 71 2.5.4 VRAR VR/AR VR/AR VR/ARVR BIM+AR BIM+AR 2.63D 2.6.1 3D3D PrintingAdditive Manufacturing 3D 72-74 198119843D
13、 SystemsCharles HullSLA 3D 75 3D FDMScott Crump1988FDM3D VR/ARVR/AR 3D P3D Printingrinting 33 74 Carl Deckard SLS3D 76 903D SolidscapeCAD3D 2004Adrian BowyerRepRap 3DRepRap70% 77 20103D 2010Organovo3D 3D 3D 3D 20123D3D 3D23 78 3D 3D 2.6.2 3D 1) 79 3D 3D 3D 1 34 3D 3D 2 40026 3D51 80 3 201527.45% 81
14、3D 4 30%40%5 80 3D 5 3D 3D 27.4527.45 35 2) Behrokh Khoshnevis2004Contour Crafting3D3D 82 Contour Crafting 3D 24 232 83 2.3 Contour Crafting 83 20143D1024 3D 8184 50% 2017Digital Construction PlatformDCP 85 DCP3D 3D ,DCP, DCP14.63.7 2 2.3 Contour CraftingContour Crafting 36 13.5 3) 3D 3D1 3D2 3D 31-
15、3 3D 3D 3D 12 3D33D BIM43D 53D 2.6.3 303D 3D 3D 3D 2.7 3 3D D 37 2.7.1 P2P 8687 Satoshi Nakamoto2008 88 PoW 87 2018 8201712 492201828 130 000260 00061.1 89 1.02014 DAPP 90 2.02008 R3Hyperledger 91 92 + 201720171212 201820182 20082008 38 2.7.2 1) 93 8 2.4 93 39 92 2)BIM BIM BIM 94 BIM 1BIM 2 BIM 3 BI
16、M 94 4 BIM 95 2.7.3 96 BIMBIM 40 41 3.1 3.1 1 1949-1980 1956 1978 1980-2000 90 2000-2013 WTO 4 2011 500 50% 2002 2013- GDP 25% PPPEPC BIM 3.2 1974 Building Industrialization 20112011 42 2 10003000 GDP2008 1998 21 2010 2013 3.2 23 1953-1957 1956 1957-1965 1966-1970 1971-1975 1976-1980 1
17、978 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1995 1996-2000 1999 2001-2005 2006-2010 19561956 80 19851985 19901990 43 2011-2015 2013 20 2015 2016- 2016 4 BIM 202020177% 20% 3.3 , 5 19761996 3.3.1 1985 (Computer-Aided Logistic SupportCALS) 6 1997 44 2090CALS CALS CALS 3.3.2 78 1) 1980-1989PC 2) 1991C
18、AD1996 PC 3) 21 9 8 P P PC C 45 4) 2012ERP BIBIM 3.1 46 3.3.3 2001 - - 20035 2018 2016-2020BIM 3D 3.4 3.4.1 10 2 2003003 47 17601840 1860 1950 18601912 1949 9 197840 3.3 1600-1760 1760-1840 1920-1950 1950- 1720-1820 1820-1870 1870-1945 1945- 1600-1880 1880-1920 1920-1960 1960- 1600-1830 1830-1870 18
19、70-1945 1945- 1949-1988 1988-1998 1998- 1984- 1978 48 3.4.2 3.2 11 4.0 2015 + 49 3.4.3 2017 6-7% 70%75%80% 80 3.5 12 1946 1991 2016Alphago 50 3.5.1 1) 2025 13 3.3 14 2) 1946 19911995 Netscape Navigator 51 Internet 20 4.0 2010 2010 2015+ + 3) CADSCPERPPMCIMSMISBIM 52 3.4 15 4) PCBAT TM
20、D 2010PC 2016 2016-2018 IoE (Internet of Everything) - 15 PCPC 53 - 3.5.2 1946 16 2017 17 3.7Gartner2017388CEO 56%CEO 2017 2018 GPSAR/VR Gart tn ne er r2017 20172017 G GPSPS 54 BIM N3 CADBIM4 N BIMBIM N N 55 3.5.3 1991 , 16 BTB VR/VR BIM+ BIM 56 3.5.4 16 BAT CAD BIM 57 2017 2016-2020 + BIMBIM 4.1 1
21、4.1 58 2018 + 4.1.1 1) 20172.4 87% 2017428.62016108 33.8%1150.7 30.1%5512.618.8% 4.2 2) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2000162017 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 ()() 428.6428.6 5512.65512.6 10000 59 20174.34 48%9.2% 11%20174.15% - 4.3 30-40 4.1 2017 5937 44.61 7
22、5.14 1.90 4.25% 1747 6.96 39.84 0.96 13.86% 1379 4.64 33.65 0.73 15.78% 955 3.67 38.43 0.49 13.26% 922 3.54 38.39 0.59 16.57% 504 2.29 45.44 0.50 21.91% 676 2.17 32.10 0.33 14.98% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 2000162017 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40
23、000 45000 50000 () 4 4.3 3 3030- -4040 20172017 30% 35% 20132014 ) 60 428 1.82 42.52 0.24 13.25% 421 1.61 38.24 0.23 14.01% 382 1.43 37.43 0.10 7.07% 201710032-38/ 43-53 4.2 2017 Gensler 2570 1500 58 Nikken Sekkei 1796 600 33 AECOM 1491 330 22 Perkins+Will 1140 360 32 HDR 1072 320 30 IBI Group 851 2
24、30 27 Woods Bagot 840 160 19 HOK 821 280 34 Aedas 788 240 30 DP Architects 767 120 16 4.1.2 201620172016-2020 + 1 58 600600 330330 360360 1072 851851 840840 821821 2016 61 2 3 4.4 / 62 7% 2% 2017 + 4.1.3 2 2016148.8 63 420%30% 2000WeWork 3 100201029%201749% 1003%12%201822%500 2.5 4.1.4 80CAD VR/AR3D
25、 BIM + 80 64 4.1.4.1 BIM 1) 2017Dodge Data & AnalyticsBIM 4 20152017BIMBIM 201520%201752%BIM75% BIM 100%-200%Allied Market ResearchBIM BIM20221172016-2022 21.6%BIM 2022 4.5 BIM 4 2) 2011BIM BIM2011BIM 20162017BIMBIM BIM 27% 21%21% 20% 55% 57% 55% 48% 68% 69% 62%62% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
26、 201520172019 4.5 5 BIM 21%21% 55% 62%62% 20162016- -20222022 BIMBIM 65 4.6 BIM 3) 1BIM BIM BIM2017BIM 5 2BIM Dodge Data & Analytics2015BIM 6 BIM 15% 4 66 BIM 4.7 2015BIM 6 3BIM 2017 BIM151596 BIM 4.8 2017BIM 5 4BIM 2017615 43971%2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% -299300 BIM 1515 20% 30% 4
27、0% BIM 67 1% 5 BIM 20186 7 BIM BIM 5BIM NBSBIM2018 8 BIM BIM Bryden WoodJaimie Johnston BIM Bryden WoodBryden Wood 68 4.9 8 69 4.1.4.2 1) AI 2) 2017 9 13 2 20% 80% 70 4.10 9 201826PwCAI 20 2030 30%352% 45%38% 201710 4 4.1 10 0 6 71 201712 Link 20181 + 20183 20184 20185 20187Gartner2018 10 10 7 72 4.
28、11 10 3) 1xkool 2016 , SaaS PPT ,40-80 ,90% POI 1 xkool 2016 73 AI 4.12 11 AI 2 2017511 74 + ( ) 75 4) 12 AI 4.1.4.3 BIM 1 2017 76 2 , : 3BIM BIMBIM5D 4.1.5 + UberB2BO2O 77 4.1.5.1 1) B2B - 78 4.13 B2B 43 1 2014 + 2 B2B+ 19COLORTAG 43 79 2) O2O 2015NOSPPPPerson ProjectPositionNetwork Operation Syste
29、mO2O NOSPPP 2017 +Project+PeopleB2B +Position 4.1.5.2 1) 80 2) 1 2017 + 4.14 81 GISCIS MR 21+N 20171229CSADI 1+N 100002600 4.1.5.3 1 + 10000 82 2 + 3 4 - - NOPPP SMARCH - 83 4.1.6 1) + 1.62017 2) + + 3) - 4) - + - 84 5) BIMVRARSaaS 6) + - AI 7) + + BIM + 85 + + 5 4.2 2016 20%-30%30%50% 2013 2015 200
30、2015+2016 2016-2020B2B 4.2.1 1996IBM 13 % 20152015 86 1) 2013 4.15 2019 2) 20165 60%30%90% 15 5 20192019 87 3)B2B B2BB2C C2CC2BB2G C2GABC F2CF2RS2B E2B B2CB2B B2BB2C 4) B2B 202015 B2CBATJTMD B2CB2CB2B 2015B2B 300090%B2B B2C 2015B2B973398 B2G G 88 B2B2017BATB2B 14 AI2015 B2BB2B SaaS 5) B2B 20172017 2
31、8.6624.77%B2B20.5 7.179986B2B B2B201220% 4.16 2017 1 16 6 20172017 20172017 B2BB2B 99869986 89 4.17 2012-2017B2B B2B B2B 2017B2B 760.64%B2B2017 B2B1016 31.5 B2BB2B2016 01679.16 2017217B2B +B2B B2B 6)B2B 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 2001520162017 0 5 10 15 20 25 B2BB2B
32、B B2 2B 0% 90 19992004B2B 200420142004 B2CB2BB2B B2B IT 2014B2B B2B 7) 2017B2B 15 4.18 2017B2B 15 2017B2B455.13.9 (0.9%) 16 10 B2B2B B 91 72.7%AA+ 2017B2B 8 4.2.2 B2B 20012008 2015+ B2B 17 B2B 92 1) 50 9000 20151215 + MRO( )1998 MRO26%-63%MRO MRO MRO MRO 93 MRO + 4.19 - 94 20181113008 100340 2015201
33、8 4.20 / 200 Hyperledger Fabric 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 201520162017 2018-11 ( 3000 3500 95 4.21 () 201692.6%2.56% 320.242017 2915164851 201861700030 2000 2) B2B SaaS ( ( 92.6%92.6% 1 15 5 4 450005000 96 2018630 3000 2018 20113 201463
34、60002017926 B2B 2018 1 2 3 B2B 2 97 100%30% 100% 4.22 18 3) 201558 4 4.2 22 2 8 98 B2B 20 33827507 1362017B2B2018 2018 20188150 0 4.23 99 4.24 201875 + 1.4201882 C2.2 5.2%9% 7 75 5 100 4) 20173PC APP PC B2B SAAS SAAS SaaS SaaS 4.3 19 B2B B2BB2B SaaSSaaS 101 1 2 B2B 3 4.2.3B2B B
35、2B + B B2 2B 102 4.25 B2B 103 ERPBIM+ 4.2.4 1)B2B 2015+ 2016-2020B2B B2B2015 4.26 B2B 2017 B2BB2B 104 2017 4.27 2017 2015 B2B B2B 2) 20183 105 977331 201729245.4114.8% 4055.6241.6% 97.6% 28% 20 2015 93%20174800 106 20117 B2BO2O B2B SaaS B2B 2014 3000 20173 2 2011011 B B2 2B B 107 SaaS 3) APP 108 4)
36、109 4.3 4.3.1 1 CTBUH9 2002017240 50% 8020 50% 141209300 14039 201712 2.2 22017 1%6% 9 9 20172017 8 80 0 14120 110 4.28 2017 32018 94790.3910.39%40167.55 2.49%335377.8216.18%20186 4419.241.85% 203868/6.46% 21 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 2017 10.39% 335377.82335377.82 4419.
37、244419.24 / / 111 4.29 2014-2018 470% () 201710 10(2017)10 BIM 5 20152018 105+ BIM 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200172018 1010 112 4.30 2017 BIMBIM 26.67% 3.44.2 4.5 BIM 113 4.3.2- 4.3.2.1 5070100 5000 114 2013BIMAR/VR 2017- 22 4.3.2.2 90-2005OA2006 -2012-OAPM
38、ERP 2013-OABIM+PM+ERP2013 OAPMERP ME ERPRP OA AB BIM+PM+ERPIM+PM+ERP 115 VRARMR PMOAERPBIM 4.3.2.3 20181 201871 116 4.3.2.4 4.31 / / BIM 117 BIM GPS PAD BIMBIM BIM 4.3.2.5 2013 BIM GPS 118 1) 45 PC 4.32 45 119 4.33 45 45 12306 46 4545 120 4.34 46 2018114299.3 199.9813854169 APP 2) 2017 99.399.3 5 541694169 APPAPP 121 4.35 3) 20188162018 SaaS Ibeacon BIM 122 4.36 47 4) 2014 GYTMGYEM 447 7 123 4.37 5) 1996 2011
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