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1、THE 10Gbps SOCIETYMarch 2024The 10Gbps society 2March 2024CONTENTS1.INTRODUCTION5Abbreviations 4Executive Summary32.GLOBAL DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE OUTLOOK62.1 Digital Infrastructure Development62.2 The Characteristics Of 10Gbps Society 72.3 10Gbps Society Will Drive Us To An Intelligent Future 83.SAU

2、DI ARABIA DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT123.1 Mobile Broadband Development 123.2 Fixed Broadband Development 133.3 Building The Regional Digital Hub 134.THE PATH TO A 10Gbps SOCIETY144.1 10Gbps For Mobile Broadband 154.2 10Gbps For Fixed Broadband 164.3 10Gbps For Enterprise Network 174.4 Bearer

3、 And Data Center Networks 177.CONCLUSION22REFERENCES235.ENABLERS TO ENSURE THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 10Gbps SOCIETY186.THE VALUE OF THE 10Gbps SOCIETY196.1 Strategic Value 196.2 Economic Value 206.3 Commercial Value 216.4 Environmental Value 21The 10Gbps society 3March 2024Executive Summa

4、ry Facilitating digital transformation throughout society is likely to be one of the key enablers for realising many of the goals of the Vision 2030 plan.But in order to achieve the best outcomes,it is crucial that the country first establishes a robust and superior digital infrastructure that accel

5、erates the overall digital transformation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA)and lays the foundation for a Future Intelligent World.The report opens by documenting recent global trends in digital economy planning and digital infrastructure roll-out.In recent years,the major economies have published

6、detailed national digital transformation strategies,outlining how they will remain competitive across the digital decade.The KSA has done well to date.Looking forward in time,the Future Intelligent World is composed of intelligent education,intelligent entertainment,intelligent healthcare,intelligen

7、t cities and intelligent manufacturing.Leading to a society where everyone can enjoy a high-quality life improved health and longevity,more attractive living environments with an enhanced digital and traditional economy.As a helpful corollary,the 10Gbps Society creates such an intelligent and connec

8、ted world,elevates ICT services and supports scenarios for connected individuals,connected homes,and connected enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to evolve towards a 10Gbps Society to ensure the success of Vision 2030.The 10Gbps Society is characterised as one that has at its foundation an advanc

9、ed network infrastructure with 10 gigabits per second peak download speeds,low latency,wide coverage,and massive connectivity.A connected,digital and intelligent world with abundant modern application scenarios,covering all aspects of society.In a highly dynamic and disruptive global digital economy

10、,the 10Gbps Society would additionally empower the KSA with world-leading digital infrastructure.This could provide the foundation for a thriving domestic digital ecosystem and further foster national resilience.It would also help build a world-class digital hub to connect MENA,Asia and Europe.This

11、would also improve the attractiveness of the nation to foreign direct investment(FDI)in the digital sector,furthering the national goal of raising the relative and absolute contribution of non-oil based GDP.The report also outlines how the KSA can transition from where it is today to the 10Gbps Soci

12、ety by 2030 through gap analysis,and discusses the opportunities that could result from an upgrade of the Kingdoms digital capabilities to that of a 10Gbps Society making the KSA a true global digital leader.Achieving the 10Gbps Society will nonetheless require a multi-faceted strategy which encompa

13、sses policy development,stakeholder coordination and innovation.This aspiration begins with the introduction of a unique framework utilized to govern the policy-making process of the 10Gbps Society.The 10Gbps Society will henceforth help illuminate a future where technology combines with progress an

14、d the KSA achieves its admirable aspirations for Vision 2030.The 10Gbps society 4March 2024AbbreviationsARAugmented RealityFTTBFibre to the BusinessGDPGross Domestic ProductCTComputed TomographyFTTPFibre to the Premises ICTInformation and Communications Technology MCITMinistry of Communications and

15、Information Technology 3GPP3rd generation partnership project,a collaborative project aimed at developing globally acceptable specifications for third-generation(3G)mobile systemsMENAMiddle East and North AfricaNTPNational Transformation ProgramVRVirtual RealityWLANWireless Local Area Network3DThree

16、 DimensionalAOIAutomated Optical InspectionFTTHFibre to the HomeGCCGulf Cooperation CouncilCSTCommunications,Space&Technology CommissionFWAFixed Wireless AccessIXPInternet Exchange PointIPv4Internet Protocol version 4FTTRFibre to the RoomIPv6Internet Protocol version 6MRIMagnetic Resonance ImagingPO

17、NPassive Optical NetworkWi-FiWireless FidelityXRExtended Reality5GFifth generation mobile networkThe 10Gbps society 5March 20241.INTRODUCTIONWe live in a time of global digital enhancement.Fast developing technological infrastructures,such as ultra-fast broadband and advanced cutting-edge digital te

18、chnologies are transforming economies worldwide.We may well be on the cusp of a truly connected intelligent global society.Within this new paradigm,the KSA is positioning itself as a global pioneer and regional leader for innovation and technology investment,largely through its ambitious Vision 2030

19、 national plan.In this regard,the KSA has been actively supporting the roll-out of advanced digital architecture.The fruits of these successful government and private sector collaborations have become ever more apparent in recent years.At the beginning of this decade for example,the KSA hit a notabl

20、e milestone when the number of global content and service networks in the country reached twenty.This has greatly improved the domestic digital ecosystem of the country.As a consequence,these efforts have resulted in the KSA becoming the largest and arguably most advanced digital and technical marke

21、t in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region.While these focused efforts have clearly boosted the KSAs digital economy to date,they are also proving crucial in realizing the broader societal and economic aspirations of the nations Vision 2030 plan.But with the decade moving along swiftly,an acc

22、eleration in digital technological development may well be warranted.In order to move to a global leadership position and realize many of the economic and social goals of Vision 2030 the country will not just need an overhaul and upgrade of digital infrastructure.It may require a wholly new holistic

23、 descriptor of superior digital connectivity and a step-change in digital capabilities.A new ambition that is best described as the 10Gbps Society.The 10Gbps society 6March 2024In recent years,the major economies have published their national digital transformation strategies,outlining how they will

24、 remain competitive across the digital decade.The United States for example,has announced its Broadband Equity Access and Deployment(BEAD)Program as a component of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act(Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill).This program includes policies and actions on how the governm

25、ent intends to improve internet and broadband infrastructure,with the aim to connect every citizen and small business to reliable,high-speed internet by 2030.Similarly,the European Commission in 2021 began implementing its Work Programme for the digital component of its Connecting Europe Facility(CE

26、F Digital).This defines the scope and objectives of the EU-supported actions needed to improve Europes digital connectivity infrastructures for three years,including Gigabit and 5G networks as well as digital backbone infrastructures.China has developed several action plans to promote 5G,Gigabit Bro

27、adband,Datacentres and Cloud 2.GLOBAL DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE OUTLOOKComputing development at both the national and local levels.Germany launched the Federal Digital Strategy in 2022.Japan released its Master Plan 3.0 for the Regional Development of ICT Infrastructure plan in December 2020.And the Un

28、ited Kingdom published its 2022 Digital Strategy,which is an extensive update to its 2017 Digital Strategy.According to the World Bank,the digital economy now contributes more than 15%to total global GDP1.The Digital Cooperation Organization(DCO)expects the digital economy to continue to grow strong

29、ly(and above that of the traditional economy)over the rest of this decade.By 2030,the digital economy is forecast to contribute around 30%to total global GDP and create 30 million new jobs2.In terms of growth,again according to the World Bank,the digital economy has grown 2.5 times faster over the p

30、revious ten years than the GDP contribution of the traditional economy1.2.1 Digital infrastructure developmentAccording to data compiled by the Global Mobile Suppliers Association(GSA)that 578 operators in 173 countries and territories had committed substantially to investments in 5G networks(includ

31、ing trials,acquisition of licences,planning,network deployment and launches)as of September 2023.Furthermore,290 operators in 113 countries and territories had launched 5G mobile services3.For fixed broadband,the global overall fixed broadband penetration rate is expected to be 70%by 2030.Around 52.

32、3%of this will be full-fibre adoption as predicted by Point Topic4.According to Omdia5,by the end of 2022 only 8%of global broadband subscriptions were at gigabit broadband speeds or above.This is expected to reach 32%of all subscriptions by 2027 and to then climb to over 40%by 2030,driven by an upt

33、ick in advanced digital home devices and surging requirements for higher bandwidth.The 10Gbps society 7March 2024Figure 1:Take-up of gigabit speed broadband services is expected to accelerate2021Source:Omdia0%20%40%60%80%100%Share of consumer subscriptions(%)2022202320242025202620272028Subscriptions

34、 by speed(10Mbps)Subscriptions by speed(10-29Mbps)Subscriptions byspeed(30-99Mbps)Subscriptions by speed(100-499Mbps)Subscriptions by speed(500-999Mbps)Subscriptions by speed(1000Mbps)2023 Omdiac2.2 The characteristics of 10Gbps SocietyThe last few years have witnessed the rapid development of broad

35、band networks,intelligent devices,cloud computing and now the nascent application of artificial intelligence.These digitally based technologies have greatly enriched humanity and become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Looking towards the future,information communication technologies(ICT)cou

36、ld provide even broader solutions and tools,leading to greater contributions.For example,wearable sensors and cloud computing that can better support the management of our overall health,provide timely preventive diagnosis and improved management of chronic diseases.Artificial Intelligence is alread

37、y drastically cutting the duration of new drugs and vaccines development.The Future Intelligent World is composed of intelligent education,intelligent entertainment,intelligent healthcare,intelligent cities,and intelligent manufacturing.Leading to a society where everyone could enjoy a high-quality

38、life-improved health and longevity,more attractive living environments with an enhanced digital and traditional economy.Within this future however,large volumes of data need to be transmitted.The network bandwidth needs to reach multi-Gbps to ensure a stable and reliable network.In scenarios such as

39、 autopilot,virtual reality teaching,glasses free 3D games and remote surgery,network latency must reach millisecond or even microseconds to ensure an acceptable user experience.As well as providing the best levels of cybersecurity.The 10Gbps society 8March 20242.3 10Gbps Society will drive us to an

40、intelligent futureThe upcoming intelligent future will create a connected,digital and intelligent environment,providing abundant modern application scenarios,touching all aspects of society.Some tangible examples of these are outlined below.Scenarios such as intelligent cities and intelligent manufa

41、cturing will also require superior connectivity.In order to connect a large number of IoT sensing machines and equipment,the network needs to have massive connectivity capabilities to achieve communication between people and machines,as well as between machines.Additionally,the development and appli

42、cation of generative AI technologies place even higher requirements for latency,data volume transmission and analysis.It is predicted that by 2030 the 10Gbps Society will be defined by the following requirements:With the widespread application of the Metaverse and holograms among other technologies,

43、the demand for bandwidth will increase from Gbps to 10Gbps level.With ultra-low latency applications such as factory automation and remote healthcare,the demand for latency will reduce from 100ms to the millisecond level.The interconnection of all things will become a reality.The subsequent required

44、 number of connections will increase at least tenfold from connecting just people to connecting(every)things.The demand for connection capacity will reach millions per square kilometre.With emergency remote rescue,key industrial production,intelligent transportation and other high reliability requir

45、ement scenarios,the acceptable annual downtime for networks will fall from minute level to the second level.The availability rate will need to increase from 99.999%to 99.9999%.In summary,moving towards a 10Gbps Society is the only way we will be able to evolve to a Future Intelligent World.The const

46、ruction of a 10Gbps Society is not only a technical task,but also a holistic national endeavour,involving many aspects of society.It would require clear planning and inclusive agreement.We will need to make clear plans,strengthen technological research and innovation,promote coordinated industrial d

47、evelopment,and establish and improve relevant laws,regulations,and standard systems.The 10Gbps society 9March 2024Intelligent education Virtual laboratories Virtual reality scenarios Interactive learning Virtual tutorsFuture classroom technologies are expected to provide students with much more imme

48、rsive experiences.In virtual labs,you will be able to watch scientific experiments in action,animations that help you understand many abstract concepts and videos for virtual visiting trips.Tailored individual education programs supported by AI will greatly improve average educational attainment.Vir

49、tual simulations will also make it possible to train professionals,such as firefighters or engineers,in more interactive and safer conditions.Intelligent entertainment Metaverse gaming 16k/32k definition for streamed content Glasses-Free 3D Holographic simulations for tourism The Future Intelligent

50、World is where digital entertainment gets a huge upgrade and new modes of experience.In the metaverse,you might soon be doing ultra-realistic gaming,watching movies in 16k/32k resolution and using glasses-free 3D.But the requirements for digital infrastructure are high in order to enable compelling,

51、innovative and fully immersive experiences.Network requirements:In metaverse gaming,the network needs to have sufficient bandwidth and stability,otherwise there will be problems such as game lags,latency problems and even game disconnection and screen distortion.Glassless-free 3D also requires the n

52、etwork to provide clear and smooth 3D image transmission,otherwise problems such as blurry images and distorted 3D effects may occur.16k/32k video streaming needs for films,TV and sports/music events also require high bandwidth capabilities.A single glasses-free 3D has a network bandwidth requiremen

53、t of over 1Gbps and a latency requirement of 1-5ms7.For a household with multiple bandwidth sensitive devices to be connected to the internet,the bandwidth requirement is above 5Gbps.Bandwidth:1Gbps+(per glasses-free 3D user)Latency:5ms Network requirements:Without real-time and stable data transmis

54、sion,dizziness may be induced in VR applications or insensitive control,which greatly reduces the quality of teaching and the student experience.Single terminal bandwidth requires more than 80Mbps.If 50+concurrent requirements are achieved,the total bandwidth requirement exceeds 4Gbps,the network ne

55、eds to be continuously upgraded to 10Gbps6.Bandwidth:4Gbps+Latency:20msThe 10Gbps society 10March 2024Intelligent healthcare Remote examination and monitoring Early diagnosis through sensitive biosensors Remote robotic surgery AI supported medical imaging The future of healthcare includes remote med

56、ical consultations,advanced diagnostic methods using sensitive biosensors and even remote surgery.For these innovations to work well,they need a network that can handle large amounts of medical data quickly and reliably.10Gbps Society capabilities would make sure healthcare professionals can rely on

57、 their digital networks to provide the best care,no matter where the patient is located.Network requirements:Remote medicine often requires real-time transmission of a large amount of medical data,including X-rays and MRIs.Poor network performance can cause file transmission delays,affecting doctors

58、 accurate judgments and creates inefficiencies.The download speed of online medical image data is required to be above 2Gbps,based on downloading one CT or MRI image(800MB)within 3 seconds.Upgrading to 3D imaging,with a significant increase in data volume(6-8 times),the download speed requirement wi

59、ll exceed 10 Gbps.Remote surgery requires the highest level of network reliability,typically requiring end-to-end delay control at the millisecond level and delay jitter control at the microsecond level6.Bandwidth:2Gbps+/10Gbps+Latency:10msIntelligent City Intelligent parking Intelligent traffic man

60、agement Energy conservation and environmental efficiencies Environment management Public safety management Intelligent buildingsSmart cities are an essential aspect of the Future Intelligent World.Featuring intelligent parking,smart traffic and energy saving intelligent buildings.This vision require

61、s a network that seamlessly interconnects vehicles,infrastructure and cloud systems.Nonetheless,it would require network upgrade investments in order to enable these smart city solutions,making peoples lives in cities more efficient and enjoyable.Network requirements:Taking intelligent parking and i

62、ntelligent transportation management as an example,it is necessary to meet the communication requirements between vehicles,infrastructure,and cloud systems.The bandwidth requirement for a single vehicle is usually between 10Mbps and 100Mbps.If multiple vehicle data are concurrent,the bandwidth requi

63、rement will reach 10Gbps with a latency of less than 20ms 8.Bandwidth:10-100Mbps+(per vehicle)Latency:20msThe 10Gbps society 11March 2024Intelligent productivity Dark factory 3D AOI quality inspection Digital twin Flexible manufacturingTechnology such as digital twins and high-level quality inspecti

64、on systems are going to be fundamentals for the fourth industrial revolution.But these technologies rely on the availability of a stable and high-speed network.Therefore,we are concentrating on ensuring that our networks are upgraded to support such innovations.This will in turn result in more effic

65、ient,sustainable and agile manufacturing.Network requirements:If there is a notable latency in the network,the control of equipment may malfunction or err,leading to an increase in equipment failure rates,impairing the production process.Take 3D AOl as an example.Assuming 5-6 industrial cameras are

66、used for detection,the single channel bandwidth requirement is 12 Gbps,the total bandwidth requirement is 60 Gbps-72 Gbps and the network transmission delay requirement should not be greater than 8ms6.Bandwidth:12Gbps(per channel)Latency:8msThe 10Gbps society 12March 20243.SAUDI ARABIA DIGITAL INFRA

67、STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTFacilitating digital transformation throughout society is likely to be one of the key enablers for realising many of the goals of the Vision 2030 plan.But in order to achieve the best outcomes,it is crucial that the country first establishes a robust and superior digital infrast

68、ructure that accelerates the overall digital transformation of the Kingdom and lays the foundation for a futuristic world.An advanced network infrastructure with high speed,low latency,wide coverage,and massive connectivity.A connected,digital and intelligent world with abundant modern application s

69、cenarios,covering all aspects of society.One which will stimulate economic diversification,foster greater national resilience and create a prosperous future for the people of the KSA.What could be best described as a Future Intelligent World.As a helpful corollary,the 10Gbps Society creates such an

70、intelligent and connected world,elevates ICT services and supports scenarios for connected individuals,connected homes,and connected enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to evolve towards a 10Gbps Society to ensure the success of Vision 2030.More recently in the KSA,there has been a shift towards f

71、ixed broadband networks,with the granting of unified licences,government-subsidised fibre deployment and an increasing commercial and government push to expand the take-up of FTTH services.When one considers the distinct advantages of FTTH and FWA technologies,both access technologies are expected t

72、o be utilised for home broadband in the long term.3.1 Mobile broadband developmentAccording to the latest report from CST9,the KSAs 4G network population coverage is an impressive 98%.5G network population coverage has already exceeded the half-way point at around 53%,with an average 327Mbps downlin

73、k speed.But in certain urban areas such as in Riyadh,5G network coverage is at 94%.In 2023,the number of 5G towers had increased to more than 16,000,based on the number of 5G towers announced by the operators 10 11,which means that the number of 5G towers per 10,000 people had reached nearly 4.4.Thi

74、s number is set to increase as the allocation of new spectrum aligns with the growing appetite for high-speed mobile internet services.Mobile subscriptions in the KSA keeps increasing with the 5G user penetration rate at around 30%.Mobile broadband remains the primary mode to access the internet in

75、the KSA.By Q3 2023,the KSA has over 48.2 million mobile broadband subscribers,with a penetration rate of 132.3%12.The 10Gbps society 13March 20243.2 Fixed broadband developmentThe FTTH network has undergone a substantial expansion,resulting in an impressive total of 3.7 million homes across the King

76、dom now having access to fibre coverage13.According to data from Omdia,the FTTB penetration was 82%by the end of 20225.The kingdom is keenly aware of the crucial role that high-speed fixed broadband plays in the digital lives and work of its citizens.Consequently,it has implemented a series of measu

77、res to boost network speeds.A notable initiative is the introduction of the 300Mbps entry package.In response,major operators such as STC,Zain,Mobily,and Salam have rolled out subscription plans that guarantee a minimum speed of 300Mbps.Furthermore,STC,Mobily,and Salam have gone a step further by of

78、fering a 1Gbps subscription plan.Additionally,STC,Zain,and Salam have introduced the advanced FTTR(Fibre to the Room)service.These proactive steps by the operators are set to significantly enhance the broadband experience and elevate the kingdoms position in global internet speed rankings.3.3 Buildi

79、ng the regional digital hubThe KSA aims to place the country as a leading global connectivity and computing nation but also as a regional digital hub by 203014.This includes positioning the KSA as a connectivity hub and a computing hub.Relevant national level initiatives and achievements are as foll

80、ows:The KSAs Internet Exchange Point(IXP).Till November 2023,the SAIX has 23 connected members,65 connected ports,177 total ASNs,more than 17,000 IPv4 prefixes and 7,000 IPv6 prefixes.Peak and average traffic of IXP reached 361.04Gbps and 140.2Gbps respectively15.IPv6 adoption.Since 2018,the KSA has

81、 actively promoted IPv6 deployment by forming a national action team,developing a clear strategy and setting up KPIs for operators16.In 2023,the KSA has achieved a 60%IPv6 adoption rate,placing the nation 8th globally.Data centres.MCIT has actively supported investors in developing appropriate opera

82、ting models and assisting with the issuing of building permits and licenses.Data Center capacity in the KSA has consequently increased from 90 MW in 2021 to 122.4 MW in 202217.The 10Gbps society 14March 20244.THE PATH TO A 10Gbps SOCIETYDespite the immense progress made in the 5G era so far with reg

83、ard to the build-out of digital infrastructure,much more development still needs to take place to realise the capabilities of the 10Gbps society.Within this future,large volumes of data need to be transmitted.To better define the requirements and metrics for the 10Gbps Society,an updated set of tech

84、nical targets and supporting determinants are outlined below for reference to all stakeholders.For mobile broadband networks,5G carrier aggregation and mmWave are expected to support an acceleration in data transmission speeds.5G will become the dominant mobile access technology subscription type by

85、 2028.It is projected that North America and the GCC countries will have the highest 5G penetration in 2029 at 92%17.Aiming to support the throughput and capacity needed,the 5G second carrier are expected to be made available to a minimum of 80%of telecom towers.The mmWave deployment could be deploy

86、ed on-demand through hotspots in dense urban areas.According to the report about Indoor 5G Scenario Oriented White Paper18,It was predicted that 80%of data traffic will occur indoors in 5G era.In China,one of the criteria for Giga City is that the 5G indoor coverage in key places reaches 80%.Refer t

87、o Chinas MIIT defined Giga City criteria in 202119,the 5G coverage rate in key areas is required to reach 80%to support a wide range of applications and services,further more all those benchmark reference could be applied to the criteria of 10Gbps society.For fixed broadband networks,the FTTP gigabi

88、t and higher subscription plan will need to be highly inclusive,with FTTP being made available to more than 95%of households.Fibre access technology will need upgrading from GPON to 10GPON/50GPON.As forecasted by Omdia20,ninety-eight percent of ports shipped will be 10G or higher by 2027 in North Am

89、erica.In a move to position itself as a global benchmark in the digital economy,Beijing,China,has unveiled the ambitious 10Gbps City Action Plan for 202521.This comprehensive plan sets key performance indicators(KPIs)for digital infrastructure development,including achieving 80%Optical Transport Net

90、work(OTN)coverage in crucial areas,ensuring that 80%of ports are equipped with 10G PON technology,and aiming for 20%of subscribers to adopt Fiber to the Room(FTTR)services by 2025.To cater to the growing demand for gigabit services and ensure the best user experience,the deployment of 10G PON and 50

91、G PON technologies is expected to accelerate.Concurrently,enhancing the backhaul network is crucial,this includes ensuring that 80%of 5G base stations and central office hubs are connected via fibre,laying a solid backhaul foundation.For enterprise access networks,the Wi-Fi 7 will begin deployment f

92、rom 2023.The Wi-Fi 8 standard is expected to be ready from 2028.As a key infrastructure asset for business and public internet access alike,Wi-Fi 7 adoption is expected to grow significantly over the next few years and will represent 45%of the Indoor APs shipped in 202722.For the bearer and data cen

93、tre networks scenario,the massive deployment of 400/800Gbps Ethernet(GE)will commence from 2024 and reach 40%penetration by 2027 in terms of port volume23.Furthermore,its essential for all networks to embrace IPv6 advanced technologies,including Segment Routing over IPv6(SRv6),network slicing,and di

94、gital mapping,to ensure enhanced efficiency,security,and scalability.The 10Gbps Society requires key digital infrastructure that will be critical to implementing national digital strategies while also boosting the development of the digital economy.The transition to the 10Gbps Society involves The 1

95、0Gbps society 15March 2024delivering 10Gbps to individuals,homes and enterprises.It also involves 400GE/800GE converged bearer networks and AI data centre 10Gbps AccessNetworkBearer NetworksData Center Networks10Gbpsfor individuals10Gbpsfor homes10Gbpsfor enterprisesFigure 2:10Gbps society end-to-en

96、d infrastructure4.1 10Gbps for mobile broadbandWireless technology has become an indispensable part of modern life,empowering individuals with the freedom to communicate,work,and access information wirelessly,irrespective of their physical location.The ubiquity and versatility of wireless connectivi

97、ty has profoundly transformed the way individuals interact with the digital world.In order to accelerate the implementation of next generation technologies,the following planning and actions are suggested.5G-Advanced is the technology bridge to 6G.The freeze of 3GPP Release-18 is expected by June 20

98、24,marking the initial phase toward 5G-Advanced.This aims to enhance speed,coverage,mobility,power efficiency,and the expansion of mobile connectivity across all devices and use cases.It also guides the development of future 6G.In June 2023,ITU released the 6G Vision,furthering the evolution of 5G-A

99、dvanced.Saudi Telecom Company(stc)announced the success of advanced trials of 5G-Advanced technology with speeds exceeding 10Gbps at the end of July24.Other news reported that Zain KAS had successfully tested 5G-Advanced use cases,such as ambient-powered Passive IoT25.By 2024,significant progress in

100、 the deployment of 5G-Advanced is expected.Allocate sufficient spectrum for mobile broadband or IMT services in advance.In 2023,Saudi CST planned the 5th spectrum auction for IMT networks in the frequency bands(600,700,3800)MHz26.Anticipating the demands of the 10Gbps Society,mmWave high bands are e

101、xpected to be needed and released.Based on likely network coverage and capacity needs,the utilization strategy for multiple spectrum bands balance could be planned as follows:The Coverage Layer exploits spectrum below 1 GHz(low-band such as 700 MHz,600MHz)providing wide-area and in-depth coverage.Th

102、e Coverage and Capacity Layer is a mid-band spectrum,such as C-band,2.3GHz,2.6GHz,which delivers the balanced capability between capacity and works related to the preceding three 10Gbps access scenarios.The 10Gbps society 16March 2024 The Super Capacity Layer is spectrum of mmWave(high band such as

103、24.2529.5 GHz),used to address specific use cases requiring extremely high data transfer rates.Promote all band spectrum evolution to 5G.4G/5G networks offer higher spectral efficiency,improved user experience and energy-saving benefits compared to older generation network technologies.A timely suns

104、et of 2G and 3G services and repurposing of spectrum for 5G is suggested.Accelerate the commercialization and coverage of 5G-Advanced technology.To be truly inclusive in terms of providing pervasive 10Gbps capabilities,we suggest the extension of 5G coverage at all levels,including national,provinci

105、al and local.Even to remote currently under-served areas of the country.5G-Advanced as the key technology for achieving 10Gbps mobile connectivity should be commercially deployed as the obvious evolution of the current 5G network.Enhance the policy of passive infrastructure sharing.Policymakers and

106、regulators should encourage better physical infrastructure sharing by operators by opening-up more public facilities such as rooftops,bus stations and smart poles for the sector.This would incentivise operators to build base stations and better share resources like optical fibres,equipment rooms,pip

107、elines and installation locations.4.2 10Gbps for fixed broadbandThe Future Intelligent Home is one of the cornerstones of the digital economy.It will be increasingly used as a remote workspace,but also as our entertainment hubs for cloud gaming and streaming video.In September 2022,ETSI released the

108、 Fixed 5th Generation Advanced and Beyond white paper27.This defined the core capabilities of F5G-Advanced,which will enable the user experience to reach 10Gbps through next-generation technologies such as FTTR,Wi-Fi 7,50G PON and 800G.STC accomplished the 1st 50G PON live trial in the Middle East28

109、.Comprehensive planning is needed to formulate a new national broadband plan.This will provide clear and ambitious goals for the 10Gbps Society and milestones for improved fixed broadband roll-out.By Nov of 2023,Mobily announced its unwavering commitment to accelerate the realization of Fixed 5th Ge

110、neration Advanced(F5G-A),upgrading its Fiber-to-the-Home(FTTH)network from GPON to 10GPON technology,and the network capability of seamless upgrade to 50G PON,together with ultra long-haul 400G transmission29.Fibre pre-deployment policy for cost savings and avoid duplicated construction.We suggest t

111、hat policymakers carefully assess the relevant fibre pre-deployment regulations and standards required.And make them mandatory(with checks and enforcement where necessary).Promoting the implementation of pre-deployment in new-build will undoubtedly save costs in aggregate and accelerate the time-to-

112、market of the 10Gbps Society.Ensure fair competition and coverage obligations.A Dig Once Policy advocates that telecom infrastructure should be planned together with road,pipeline and power supply infrastructure construction thus avoiding unnecessary duplicated construction.We also suggest a simplif

113、ication of the approval process,reduce RoW(Right of Way)costs,set new construction standards and finally,provide free access to public facilities.The 10Gbps society 17March 20244.3 10Gbps for enterprise networkFor the enterprise scenario,providing a 10Gbps capability infrastructure will be paramount

114、 in order for businesses to best utilize cloud computing and AI solutions.Enhance the enterprise digital infrastructure.The government,enterprise and public networks are encouraged to upgrade and evolve based on technologies such as Wi-Fi 7 and enterprise private line for 10Gbps enterprise.For new c

115、ampuses,industry parks,public buildings and transport centers,it is suggested that they deploy Wi-Fi 7 at large scale.Establish benchmark projects.The candidate pilot model applications would be advanced e-government initiatives,intelligent finance,scientific research,higher education and intelligen

116、t manufacturing.In line with Industry 4.0,factories will need to implement a wide range of IoT sensors and devices to enable data analytics,AI and machine-learning applications.Another possible action is building a number of innovative and high-quality 10Gbps campus infrastructure models to effectiv

117、ely support technological innovation,system tests and industry promotion.4.4 Bearer and data center networksThis will require end-to-end architecture readiness with an ultra-low latency circle of 1ms within the city,5ms within the country and 20ms across the region.400GE/800GE Bearer Network.The bea

118、rer network will need to maintain fixed mobile converged(FMC)which enables ultra-reliable low-latency communications.According to the“Next-Generation Broadband Roadmap 2023 to 2030”released by WBBA30,the IP bearer network needs to be gradually upgraded to 400GE/800GE technologies.Accelerate IPv6 and

119、 IPv6 enhanced adoption.To further accelerate the IPv6 deployment,it is suggested that newly built networks should have IPv6 capability and encourage IPv6 Enhanced deployment such as SRv6,network slicing and digital map.Optimize the capability of data center interconnections for the AI infrastructur

120、e.We finally suggest the enhancement of inter-data center connections and connections to enterprises through a high-bandwidth 400GE/800GE backbone solution.The 10Gbps society 18March 20245.ENABLERS TO ENSURE THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 10Gbps SOCIETYAchieving the 10Gbps Society will require

121、 multi-faceted regulation,coordination and innovation.Regulatory excellence.Regulations are indispensable to the proper functioning of economies and societies.They underpin markets,protect the rights and safety of consumers as well as providing assurances to businesses while encouraging healthy comp

122、etition.The quality of the regulatory environment has also been specifically proven to boost investment and development in ICT sector infrastructure roll-out.Stakeholder engagement and coordination.Successful implementation necessitates the formation of a collaborative network comprising key entitie

123、s such as the MCIT,CST,service providers and other relevant stakeholder groups.The overarching goal here is to ensure that all objectives are sufficiently communicated and that the required resources are integrated and aligned across all stakeholders.R&D and innovation incubation.Enhancing R&D effor

124、ts are also crucial.To do this requires more government and private-sector investment,cultivation of human resources,the creation of innovation centers and the safeguarding of intellectual property so as to spur the technological breakthroughs that will underpin the 10Gbps Society.International coll

125、aboration while increasing local content generation.Achieving the 10Gbps Society initiative will require global engagement and openness,especially in standardization and cross-border connectivity.Meanwhile,keep increasing the local content ratio and flavor.Boost the native digital ecosystem.Engaging

126、 in international bodies actively and attracting the best international partners will provide much-needed impetus and expertise.Industry ecosystem development.Driving technological and application development in the 10Gbps commercial ecosystem will require extensive collaboration among different sec

127、tors and agents.Such as the formation of joint innovation labs by companies,universities and research institutes to explore commercial opportunities and go-to-market activities.Talent cultivation.It is crucial that we prioritize the development of human capital,particularly in technological evolutio

128、n,isolating useful data and change casting.Development of this talent will however be underpinned by investment in education and training programs.Monitoring and evaluation.There must be a sound monitoring and evaluation system,with elaborate broadband development reports and user experience assessm

129、ent instruments.This facilitates good decision making and will help keep the initiative on track.Therefore,the 10Gbps Society requires effective policy making,integrated stakeholder management,R&D and innovation,industry ecosystem,international collaborations and talent development measures for succ

130、essful implementation.The 10Gbps society 19March 20246.THE VALUE OF THE 10Gbps SOCIETY The 10Gbps Society is expected to deliver significant economic,environmental and business value.The 10Gbps Society would greatly facilitate the implementation of Vision 2030 and national 6.1 Strategic valueThe tec

131、hnical requirements for the 10Gbps Society would greatly improve national digital infrastructure capabilities.It would also provide a solid foundation to Vision 2030 which aims to build a vibrant society,a thriving economy and an ambitious nation31In a highly dynamic and disruptive global digital ec

132、onomy,the 10Gbps Society would additionally empower the KSA with world-leading digital infrastructure.This could provide the foundation for a thriving domestic digital ecosystem and further foster national resilience.It would also help to build a world-class digital hub to connect MENA,Asia and Euro

133、pe.This would also improve the attractiveness of the nation for foreign direct investment(FDI)in the digital sector,furthering the national goal of raising the relative and absolute contribution of non-oil based GDP.transformation,directly contribute to economic growth and job creation,and enhance t

134、he KSAs national economic competitiveness.Details on how follow.6.2 Economic valueAcademic research has reached the strong consensus that wider diffusion of digital infrastructure and increased speeds provide multiple beneficial economic impacts.See Information Telecommunications(2021)and bibliograp

135、hy for example.32The 10Gbps Society would likely have a positive economic impact through multiple channels.The first would be through the direct impact stimulus of increased investment and consumption of ICT services.The second would be through the 10Gbps Societys ability to create wholly new busine

136、ss models,new digital products and services.Finally,productivity improvements stem from the proven beneficial impacts digital applications and solutions have by creating new efficiencies across all economic sectors.Meaning we can do more with less.Direct channel.The dawn of the 10Gbps Society would

137、drive an upsurge in investment and expenditure on cutting-edge ICT products and services,consequently bolstering the revenue of technology companies and thereby contributing to a direct increase in GDP.Based on the current trajectory and ongoing expansion plans within the telecommunications sector,i

138、t is projected that ICTs contribution to the KSAs GDP will witness a year-on-year growth rate of 6%,The 10Gbps society 20March 2024reaching SAR 247 billion by 2030.Furthermore,with the emergence of the 10Gbps society,ICTs contribution to GDP is anticipated to rise by an additional 1%,equivalent to S

139、AR 51 billion by 2030.The cumulative impact is estimated to be SAR 358 billion to 2030.New business models channel.It is widely agreed that the digital economy transitions through three phases and archetypes as it develops in maturity.We are most familiar with the initial Core phase this involves th

140、e traditional ICT sectors such as hardware manufacturing and software services.But as digitization leads to digitalization,a countrys digital economy expands to the Narrow phase.High-quality broadband networks can provide better online experiences,which has led to new internet businesses focussed ar

141、ound e-commerce,e-gaming,streaming videos and other online activities.This creates the many new business models we are familiar with today.But the intelligent scenarios as outlined in the 10Gbps Society takes us from digitalisation to full digital transformation of our economy and society.The so-cal

142、led Broad and final phase.This will lead us to wholly new business models centred around precision agriculture,intelligent healthcare,intelligent manufacturing,intelligent education,automated transportation and so on.All undergirded by superior digital networks,cloud computing,IoT,robotics and artif

143、icial intelligence.Productivity improvement channel.The implementation of faster broadband speeds,driven by the 10Gbps Society,is expected to improve productivity rates and drive the transformation of businesses in various sectors across the KSA.Such digital adoption and the development of digital s

144、kills in the workplace,have already exhibited positive impacts on productivity in other countries.Academic research indicates that technology hardware investments and improved digital skills among employees can lead to significant productivity gains.Furthermore,investments in digital adoption platfo

145、rms,automated learning technologies and robotics are projected to substantially boost productivity globally.The adoption of advanced technologies is also predicted to significantly contribute to economy-wide productivity,with the digital economys current contribution to global GDP expected to reach

146、30%by 203033.The KSAs digital transformation is projected to increase labour productivity and potentially reduce unemployment in the long term.34Job creation.Digital transformation and adoption of new technologies will create jobs in the ICT sector and other industries.As a result of the 10Gbps Soci

147、ety initiative approximately 56,000 new jobs are expected to be created in the KSA by 2030.While automation may lead to some job displacement,a majority of experts anticipate that digital transformation in aggregate will actually generate a net-positive amount of employment opportunities.The 10Gbps

148、society 21March 20246.3 Commercial valueThe KSAs ICT sector is projected to reach$53 billion by 202535,driven by mega-projects,smart cities,healthcare,education,and tourism.Enhanced mobile and fixed broadband networks could facilitate hyper-connected communities and digital societies,offering new op

149、portunities for operators and promote a myriad of intelligent lifestyle experiences.New use cases like intelligent manufacturing and intelligent city applications are already emerging,improving enterprise efficiency and productivity through massively enhanced real-time communication.These various ap

150、plications could support telecom operators by encouraging greater customer loyalty while also generating new revenue streams.6.4 Environmental valueAs part of the KSAs commitment to better global environmental sustainability,the KSA aspires to provide energy-neutral,zero-carbon,and zero-waste govern

151、ance processes.The 10Gbps Society initiative facilitates improved environmental sustainability,promoting energy savings and reduced carbon emissions.For example,an optical fibre network is notably eco-friendlier,using 60-75%less energy than copper line36.The 10Gbps network employs AI intelligence an

152、d 5G-Advanced to optimize energy usage,while green data centers utilizing renewable energy sources further reduce carbon emissions.Moreover,the 10Gbps Society would provide greater flexibility to the way people live and work,and could thus have an impact on the average individuals carbon footprint.T

153、he pervasive application of remote working in the 10Gbps society will negate the need for energy intensive commutes which would decrease carbon emissions.In a report published by Ericsson,only the use of IoT has the potential of reducing emissions by as much as 63.5 gigatons by the year 2030 from gl

154、obal perspective37.The 10Gbps society 22March 20247.CONCLUSIONIn essence,a transition to the 10Gbps Society would place the KSA at the vanguard of leading countries fully exploring and benefiting from the digital decade.It is not just a technological leap,but a strategic move that profoundly enables

155、 the country as an early adopter of advanced digital infrastructure.Through the transformative power of the 10Gbps Society,the KSA seeks to stimulate a widespread digital revolution across both the public and the private sectors.This revolution is more than just making connections better;it is about

156、 changing the character of our economy,where the digital economy becomes a significant catalyst for our potential economic growth.In addition,it reflects the will to enhance the quality of life of its people through much greater digital inclusion,enhanced digital skills and a more vibrant economy.Al

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