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1、Market IntelligenceOctober 2023Application Trends Survey2023 Summary ReportApplicants to graduate business school appear to be recalculating their investment,with more candidates willing to trade traditional in-person experiences for opportunities to complete their studies according to their schedul

2、e.Our research shows that greater flexibility often translates to greater interest among women and underrepresented candidatesbut this interest does not always translate to applications and enrollment without concerted efforts from business schools.As GME programs plan for an unknown future complica

3、ted by artificial intelligence and evolving expectations around work modalities and credentialing,GMACs Application Trends Survey 2023 Summary Report offers schools insights like these into the future of the candidate pipeline.Joy Jones,GMAC CEOGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application

4、 Trends Survey Summary Report 20232IntroductionExecutive SummaryKey FindingsWhats New in 2023Global Application VolumeOverallMBABusiness MastersClass CompositionDiversity EnrollmentRegional ProfilesUnited StatesFull-Time Two-Year MBAFull-Time One-Year MBAPart-Time MBAOnline MBAMaster of AccountingMa

5、ster of FinanceMaster of Business AnalyticsEuropeAsia&Pacific IslandsCanadaConclusionMethodologyCountry/Region AssignmentParticipant ProfileAppendix I:Additional Regional InformationAppendix II:Unweighted DataContributors468036444448505254565860626466697Table of contentsGraduat

6、e Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20233The annual Application Trends Survey from the Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)provides the worlds graduate business schools with data and insights to understand current trends in applications sent to gradua

7、te management education(GME)programs.This years summary report begins with information from new survey questions about first-generation applicants,the response to artificial intelligence(AI)in GME,and new degree or non-degree offerings.Later,it explores volume trends by program type,selectivity,clas

8、s size,and program delivery methods;applicant pool composition by work experience and geographic mobility;and diversity enrollment with a focus on women and U.S.underrepresented candidates.1 Regional profiles examine application trends and class characteristics within markets,including a comparison

9、by degree type in the United States due to a much larger sample size.For reference,summary statistics for regions that reported sample sizes that were insufficient to draw conclusions about the broader population are available in the appendix.The 2023 survey collected data on applications received b

10、y GME programs for the 2023-2024 academic year.Between June and August,893 programs at 247 business schools worldwide provided responses.Participating programs are located in 32 countries,including 37 U.S.states and the District of Columbia,and reflect the growing diversity of global GME offerings.T

11、he total sample includes 413 MBA programs,456 business masters programs,five postgraduate programs(PGP),and 19 doctoral programs.More details about this years participating programs can be found in the participant profile section of this report.The 2023 report details this years survey findings and

12、uses data from past surveys to display trends over time.Select portions of the report also incorporate findings from other GMAC data sources to provide additional context and insight.In these instances,the data are sourced in footnotes.Introduction1 Candidates who self-identified as Black or African

13、 American,Hispanic,or Native American were classified as underrepresented U.S.candidates.Respondents who self-identified as White or Caucasian,Asian,or another race/ethnicity were classified as non-underrepresented U.S.populations.2023 Sample Representation89324732ProgramsBusiness Schools CountriesP

14、roviding the most reliable and valuable data in the industryThe largest and most widely cited survey of its kind in the industry,the Application Trends Survey is the definitive resource for business school admissions and program leaders to gain insight into the rapidly shifting demand for GME progra

15、ms.Offering a global sample of programs of all types and formats,going beyond just GMAC member schools and institutions accepting the GMAT exam,the surveys findings provide a comprehensive view of candidate application sending behavior trends,as well as school admissions and recruitment activities.A

16、dditional information about the surveys methodology and analytical procedures can be found on page 71.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20234About GMACThe Application Trends Survey 2023 Summary Report is a product of the Graduate Management Admissio

17、n Council(GMAC),a mission-driven association of leading graduate business schools worldwide.GMAC provides world-class research,industry conferences,recruiting tools,and assessments for the graduate management education industry,as well as resources,events,and services that help guide candidates thro

18、ugh their higher education journey.Owned and administered by GMAC,the Graduate Management Admission Test(GMAT)exam is the most widely used graduate business school assessment.GMAC is dedicated to creating access to and disseminating information about GME.School and industry leaders rely on the Counc

19、il as the premier provider of reliable data about the graduate management education industry.Participating schools receive the interactive data and benchmark reports Participating graduate business schools receive access to two additional reports.The interactive data report allows users to filter an

20、d explore the survey data by several variables.The benchmark report allows users to benchmark their programs responses against the aggregated responses of five or more peer programs of their choosing.School signup for future surveys Visit today to include your school in GMACs annual research studies

21、 of enrolled students,alumni,employers,and school professionals.Sign-up for GMAC surveys continues year-round.Benefits of participation include service to industry,benchmark reports,and access to interactive online research tools.5The results of this years Application Trends Survey may reveal shifts

22、 in the underlying expectations of GME applicants.Across the globe,total applications dipped by approximately five percent.However,more programs than last year reported growth in their applicationsindicating that the drop in applications was not felt evenly.More selective and traditional in-person p

23、rograms were the most likely to report declines,while moderately selective and flexible programs experienced growth.Flexibility appeared to be the driving force behind programs with growing applications in 2023.These results indicate that most GME degrees offering online,hybrid,weekend,and evening d

24、elivery were more likely to report application growth compared to full-time,in-person programsbut results also show that the influence of flexibility depends on context.For example,online business masters programs did not garner as much application growth as their hybrid,evening,or even full-time co

25、unterparts.Likewise,applications to full-time in-person U.S.programs grew about as much as more flexible options.Notably,the increase in applications to programs with greater flexibility is most pronounced in lower-ranked and unranked programs.In fact,most competitive programs that added flexible de

26、livery options reported more declines than growth.However,the growing interest in less selective programs with flexible modalities does not signal an end to the standing of the most selective programs offering full-time,in-person degrees.In other words,there is still a large(albeit somewhat smaller)

27、pool of applicants aiming for GME degrees at top-ranked business schools.Nonetheless,the average GME candidate appears more open to sacrificing prestige for flexibility than before.Regionally,more than half of programs in the United States experienced growth despite a small dip in overall applicatio

28、ns.Programs in Europe,Asia,and the Pacific Islands were not as fortunate,with most programs in these regions reporting declines,particularly in total applications from international candidates in Europe and domestic applicants in Asia.After a challenging 2022,total applications to Canada grew,though

29、 most individual programs still faced a decline in applications.Despite the slight dip in overall applications,most programs across regions and degree types report bringing in larger class sizeswithout a drop in quality.This suggests that the decline in applications sensed globally was likely compos

30、ed of less qualified(rather than more qualified)candidates.In addition,2023 candidates have similaror in the case of the full-time MBA,greaterlevels of work experience compared to the pre-pandemic 2019 pool.New survey questions related to AI,new programs,and lifelong learning reveal that graduate bu

31、siness schools have not settled on common approaches.With AI,most programs are still in the inaction or consideration phase,while some programs have deployed new electives or integrated the topic into their current offerings.New degree and non-degree offerings are targeting new populations for their

32、 programs,such as candidates early in their careers or working professionals with specific industry needs.Executive summaryGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20236Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20

33、237Whats new in 2023 There are more first-generation candidates interested in pursuing GME than those who applied in 2023.First-generation candidates make up 31 percent of the prospective student pipeline but only 13 percent of this years total applicant pool.Programs are not uniform in how they app

34、roach AIsome have rolled out new electives,others have leaders actively considering its role,and many still have no plans.Some programs report adding and removing degrees focused on real estate,as well as expanding their masters offerings to include traditional topics like finance/accounting and sup

35、ply chain,and newer areas like business analytics.Some are also launching more flexible MBA programs meant to be taken online and/or part-time.Some programs created new certificates,concentrations,executive education,and micro-credentials to support the lifelong learning of their alumni or new types

36、 of candidates.Global application volume The decline in applications to more selective GME programs may have driven a dip in total global applications,while mid-sized and somewhat selective programs reported growth in their applications.MBA and business masters programs reported higher application g

37、rowth rates among their more flexible online,hybrid,evening,and weekend programs compared to full-time,in-person programswith the notable exception of online business masters programs.Applicants seeking out top-ranked programs may not necessarily be looking for the same flexibility as other GME cand

38、idates,but the average candidate appears to be more willing to sacrifice prestige for flexibility.For the first time in the past six years,total business masters applications declined,with the Master of Finance faring best.Class composition Despite application declines,most programs report larger cl

39、ass sizes of equally qualified candidates.Fewer programs report growth from international applicants compared to last year,but growth still tops pre-pandemic lows for MBA programs.Application Trends Survey Key Findings 2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary

40、 Report 20238Diversity enrollment Applications among women continue to stagnate across degree types and regions,with women only making up the majority of applications to Master of Accounting programs.Consistent with broader U.S.trends,applications from underrepresented populations are at a post-pand

41、emic peak and top pre-pandemic levels.More than half of U.S.full-time two-year,part-time,and executive MBA programs reported growth in applications from U.S.underrepresented candidates in 2023notably,this does not include the online MBA.Regional profiles More than half of U.S.programs reported growt

42、h in their programs applications,with a notable year-over-year rise of programs reporting growth in their domestic applications.Divergent from global trends,applications to U.S.full-time in-person programs grew as much as U.S.programs with flexible delivery formats.Most European programs have faced

43、declining applications over the past three years,with a pronounced drop(13 percent)in international applications in 2023.Programs in Asia and the Pacific Islands have experienced two years of relative application declines,with a pronounced drop(8 percent)in total domestic applications in 2023.After

44、a challenging several years following the pandemic,absolute total number of applications to Canada increased in 2023,though most Canadian programs still reported declines.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20239Examining the overall sample of survey

45、responses provides insight into how global demand for GME in the past year compares to years prior.This report uses two approaches to assess changes in application volume to GME programs.Definitions and approachesAbsolute year-on-year changeInvolves comparing the number of applications received by p

46、rograms that responded to consecutive years surveys,allowing for an apples-to-apples comparison of the volume of applications received in one year versus another.Consistent with previous GMAC reports,a weighting methodology was applied when calculating the absolute change in order to appropriately a

47、djust for the regional distribution of GME programs globally accredited by AACSB,EFMD,and AMBA.Absolute year-on-year change for specific countries or regions shown later in this report is not weighted.Relative year-on-year change Involves monitoring the number of programs that report application vol

48、ume growth,stability,or decline compared with the prior year.This takes into account the complete sample of responding programs in a survey year.This year,the relative results were also weighted to adjust for the regional distribution of GME programs globally accredited by AACSB,EFMD,and AMBA.Relati

49、ve year-on-year change for specific countries or regions was not weighted.To allow for a comparison to previous years reports,unweighted relative results are provided in the appendix.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 2023102 As defined in the survey

50、,a“complete application”is one used to make a final determination.Other metrics used by the survey to measure different aspects of application volumes,applicant pools,and admissions outcomes include:Applications per seatThe number of complete applications divided by expected class size.Acceptance ra

51、te The total number of candidates accepted into a program divided by the total number of complete applications,including deferrals from prior admissions cycles.Enrollment rateThe number of candidates expected to enroll divided by the number of candidates accepted into a program.Change in academic pr

52、ofileResponding programs were asked to compare the overall academic profile(undergraduate GPA,GMAT Total Score,essays,etc.)of this years applicant pool to last years on a seven-point scale with a midpoint of“about the same.”Class size and change in class size Responding programs were asked what thei

53、r expected class size is for this year and what their class size was last year.Gender of applicantsResponding programs were asked how many complete applications they received from male candidates,female candidates,and candidates with gender identities outside the gender binary.Citizenship of applica

54、ntsResponding programs were asked how many complete applications they received from domestic candidates(applicants who are citizens or permanent residents of the country where the program is located)and international candidates(applicants who are not citizens or permanent residents of the country wh

55、ere the program is located).A separate survey question asked responding programs to specify what percentage of applicants came from nine world regions based on applicant citizenship.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202311Whats new in 2023In order t

56、o stay up-to-date with the latest topics affecting graduate management education,GMAC added new questions to the 2023 Application Trends Survey to complement the tools longitudinal outlook.Responses revealed new insights into the applications of first-generation students worldwide and uncovered how

57、programs are tackling emerging issues in AI and non-degree programs like micro-credentials and certifications.Many more first-generation candidates are interested in GME than those who applied in 2023.3 According to the GMAC Prospective Student Survey summary report,first-generation candidates make

58、up 31 percent of the prospective student pipeline.But this years Application Trends Survey results indicate first-generation candidates make up only 13 percent of this years total applicant pool(Figure 1).The largest share of both first-generation prospective and actual applicants is interested in t

59、he online MBAwhere there is also the largest gap.Though the magnitude is not quite as pronounced,the disparity persists across degree types.This gap between the total pool of interested candidates and those who submit applications is not seen to this extent among other underrepresented groups in GME

60、.For example,women have typically made up around two-fifths of both the candidates in the pipeline and those who submitted actual applications,according to data from GMACs Prospective Students Survey and Application Trends Survey.Likewise,in 2023 U.S.underrepresented populations made up approximatel

61、y 21 percent of the U.S.candidate pipeline and 15 percent of U.S.applicants.This indicates there is still a gap between U.S.underrepresented candidates in the applicant pool and actual applicantsbut the gap is still not quite as wide as with first-generation candidates.3 First-generation students ar

62、e defined in GMACs Prospective Students Survey as candidates whose parents highest level of educational attainment did not exceed an associate degree.4 Walker,Andrew.“GMAC Prospective Students Survey:2023 Summary Report.”Graduate Management Admission Council,April 2023.https:/ and recruitment takeaw

63、ays There are more first-generation candidates interested in pursuing GME than those who applied in 2023.Programs can build out their strategies to engage first-generation candidates in the recruitment process knowing there is an engaged pipeline of students in need of guidance to move from interest

64、 to application.Programs are deploying diverse AI strategies,if any at all.Among those who have taken action around AI,most have added electives or embedded the subject into current classes to address the topic.Programs are engaged in lifelong learning in part by offering services to alumni and in p

65、art by offering new degree and non-degree programs targeted to specific audiences like working professionals or early-career candidates.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202312Share of Applicants/Prospective ApplicantsFirst-Generation Share of Appli

66、cant and Prospective Applicant PoolsThere are some reasons why the gap in the pool of first-generation candidates and the number of applicants may appear larger than it actually is.For example,not all programs capture or report their number of first-generation applicants and are excluded from this a

67、nalysis.This may be in part due to the fact that“first-generation”as a concept may appear to some as U.S-centric,though both the Prospective Students Survey and Application Trends Survey apply the definition globally.As such,both surveys are weighted against the number of accredited programs in a pa

68、rticular region.However,these methodological factors likely do not fully explain the 1020-point gap seen among first-generation prospective applicants and actual applicants.Figure 1:Across degree types,there are roughly twice as many first-generation candidates who demonstrated interest in GME than

69、those who submitted applications.The largest share of both first-generation prospective applicants and actual applicants is observed in the online MBA.100%75%50%25%0%4%23%23%13%17%37%15%29%13%30%11%11%27%23%14%30%Full-Time One-Year MBAFirst-Generation ApplicantFirst-Generation Prospective ApplicantM

70、aster in ManagementMaster of AccountingMaster of FinanceFull-Time Two-Year MBAOnline MBAPart-time MBAExecutive MBAGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202313When it comes to new curricular offerings,some programs have expanded their AI content while ot

71、hers have targeted new types of candidates with non-degree options.In this years survey,respondents had the opportunity to expound on how their programs are reacting to the proliferation of AI in higher education and business settings.Among the anecdotal comments provided,many shared their administr

72、ative or faculty leaders are actively considering the role of AI in the admissions process,curricula,and pedagogy.Some programs have added electives with AI as a subject,though several indicate there has been no change to their operations amidst the rise of AI.New open-ended questions were also adde

73、d about the launch and sunsetting of degree programs as well as any new ways programs support lifelong learning.Some report adding and removing degrees focused on real estate,as well as standing up other business masters degrees on topics like management,business analytics,finance/accounting,or supp

74、ly chain management.Some are also launching more flexible MBA programs meant to be taken online and/or part-time.What programs are saying about AI“A curriculum review is underway to ensure new technologies and AI are relevant in the courses.”“Adding additional capacity to current AI courses since so

75、 many students want to take them.”“AI is not being used in admissions process.Faculty are using various techniques to manage AI issues with regards to academic integrity.”“We are not putting a disclaimer on our website asking students not to use AI(ChatGPT)for essaysits the future.”Graduate Manageme

76、nt Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202314Respondents also mentioned the creation of new certificates,concentrations,executive education,and micro-credentials.Several schools mention that the target audience of all their lifelong-learning opportunities are alumni alre

77、ady in their network,while others were leveraging their degree and non-degree offerings to target new types of candidates,such as those earlier in their careers or working professionals with specific industry requirements.As graduate management education evolves with the onset of new technologies an

78、d a new,post-pandemic attitude toward flexibility,it is clear graduate business schools are continuing to adapt their offerings to best meet the needs of the next generation of business leaders.What programs are saying about new offerings“We intend to add these programs non-credit-bearing workshops,

79、MBA concentrations and certificates,construction management dual degree to meet the needs of our growing non-traditional student population and to meet the needs of dual certification in numerous industries.”“Actively exploring to add micro-credential availability by 2025.”“Alumni are able to come b

80、ack to take courses and can avail of career services any time.”“Launched several new nano online open courses(NOOCs)designed new learning experiences with companies to facilitate experiential learning and hands-on simulations.”Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Sum

81、mary Report 202315Across all GME programs,total applications are down,but the dip was not felt equally.More individual programs reported growth in their applications compared to 2022,especially mid-sized,somewhat selective programs.This means the most and least selective programsas well as the large

82、st and the smallestwere more likely to experience declining applications this year.Many(though likely fewer)candidates are still interested in more traditional,competitive,full-time programs.However,programs offering online,hybrid,or evening options were much more likely to report application growth

83、evidence that candidates may be looking for more flexibility in GME than before.As post-pandemic attitudes toward work collide with a new generation of applicants expecting greater flexibility,it appears programs delivered through more adaptive means were rewarded.Global application volumeProgram an

84、d recruitment takeaways The most selective GME programs received fewer applications while moderately selective and flexible programs reported growth.Both MBA and business masters programs reported higher rates of growth among their more flexible online,hybrid,evening,and weekend programs compared to

85、 full-time,in-person programswith the notable exception of online business masters programs.Prospective students seeking out top ranked programs may not necessarily be looking for the same flexibility as other GME candidates,but the average candidate appears to be more willing to sacrifice prestige

86、for flexibility.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202316The decline in applications to more selective programs may have driven a dip in total global applications,while mid-sized and selective programs reported growth in their applications.Across all

87、 degree programs in 2023 there was a five percent drop in the absolute total of applications.(Figure 2).This constitutes the second year in a row in which total applications decreased after a small pandemic-related boost in 2020 that was maintained through 2021.While the absolute total number of app

88、lications declined compared to last year,there are slightly more programs reporting relative growth compared to 2022(Figure 3).The plurality of programs are reporting declines(50 percent)compared to growth(45 percent),but the trend compared to the past two years is positive.Further,just about the sa

89、me number of programs reported growth in 2023 compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019.So why did total applications drop?And which programs are growing,and which are declining?To answer these questions,survey data were explored by school rank and program acceptance rate;class size;and program delive

90、ry methods.Year-to-Year Change in Total ApplicationsTrends in Absolute Total Number of Applications:2019-20235 Total applications are determined via the absolute analysis,which looks at only programs that completed the Application Trends Survey in both 2022 and 2023 to control for differences,explai

91、ned in more detail in the methodology section.6 Relative applications are determined via the relative analysis,which looks at the total 2023 sample,and is explained in greater detail on page in the methodology section.Year-to-Year Change in ApplicationsFigure 2:The absolute total number of applicati

92、ons declined for the second year in a row after a pandemic-related boost in 2020.Across all GME applications submitted in 2023,there was a five percent drop.100%75%50%25%0%-3.1%2.4%0.4%-3.4%-4.9%GrowthStableDecline200202022220232023Figure 3:Programs reported slightly more relat

93、ive application growth compared to the previous two years,and roughly similar rates to pre-pandemic levels.However,the plurality of programs are still facing declining applications.44%65%44%42%45%7%6%6%4%5%49%29%50%54%50%Relative Application Change Among All GME Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management

94、 Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202317First,programs from lower ranked schools fared better than those from higher ranked schools.Nearly half(49 percent)of programs at schools ranked lowest or not at all on the Financial Times or U.S.News&World Report list of Top Bu

95、siness Schools of 2023 experienced relative program growth.Meanwhile,higher ranked schools were more likely to report declines(Figure 4).Because these lists rank business schools rather than individual programs,selectivity was further examined by comparing programs acceptance ratesrevealing a simila

96、r but distinct pattern.In order to examine the influence of acceptance rate among equal groups,programs were broken up by quartiles.Again,the most selective schools in the first quartile fared the worst(Figure 5).But the programs that were most likely to report growth in their applications were from

97、 moderately selective schools with acceptance rates ranging from 43 percent to 65 percent(second quartile).Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 2023187“2023-2024 Best Business Schools.”U.S.News&World Report.https:/ School Rankings.”Financial Times.http

98、s:/ Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in Applications*The first two categories in this figure use the Financial Times and U.S.News&World Report list of the Top Business Schools of 2023 for ranks 1-100.The third category combines schools that U.S.News&World Report ranks greater than 100 as we

99、ll as schools that are not ranked on either list.7*Each category is broken into quartiles,with each bar representing approximately 25 percent of the applications received by respondents in 2023.100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%GrowthStableDeclineGrowthStableDeclineFigure 4:Nearly half of lower ranked a

100、nd unranked schools saw increases in their applications in 2023.Schools ranked 1-100 were more likely to report applications declining than growing.Relative Application Change by School RankRank 1-50Less than 43%Rank 51-10043%-65%65%-83%Greather than 83%Rank 100+or Unranked42%41%49%4%4%6%54%55%45%Fi

101、gure 5:Moderately selective schools with acceptance rates of 43 percent to 65 percent were the most likely to see applications increase in 2023.The most selective schools were the most likely to see their applications decline.Relative Application Change by Acceptance Rate34%56%48%46%4%5%4%5%61%38%48

102、%49%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 2023198 Due to limited observations among top-ranked schools offering certain delivery types,these conclusions are not necessarily as attributable to the population compared to other conclusions drawn throughout

103、 the report.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsWhen it comes to class size,mid-sized programs were the most likely to report growth.In order to examine the influence of class size among equal groups of programs,programs were again broken up by quartiles.More than h

104、alf(51 percent)of programs with incoming class sizes of 25-45 students(the second quartile)saw an increase in applications(Figure 6).Programs with both larger and smaller incoming class sizes were more likely to report declines.Program flexibility is one key factor that may be driving the reshufflin

105、g of applications from more selective and small-or large-sized programs toward moderately selective,moderately-sized programs.In 2023,programs that offer greater flexibility were much more likely to see growth in applications compared to full-time,in-person programs(Figure 7).For example,60 percent

106、of evening programs and 56 percent of weekend programs saw growth in applications.More than half of online and hybrid programs also reported growth in applications.In contrast,more than half(53 percent)of full-time,in-person programs reported declines.Still,flexibility may not be a factor for all ap

107、plicants.Among programs ranked in the top 100,flexibility in hybrid,online,or evening classes was more likely to translate to declines in applications rather than the increases seen among their lower ranked counterparts.In other words,prospective students seeking out top ranked programs may not nece

108、ssarily be looking for the same flexibility as the average GME candidates.Overall,it is likely that the decline in applications to more selective,more traditional programs is what drove down the absolute total number of applications across the industry.And while the type of candidate interested in a

109、 more traditional experience is still applying to the most selective programs in high numbers,it is possible there is a shift in what the average applicant expects from GME.Specifically,this shift may have transferred some applications that previously would have been destined for the most competitiv

110、e programs to more moderately selective,moderately-sized programs that offer greater flexibility.Figure 6:Programs with moderately sizedclasses(25-45 students)were more likely to report relative growth in applications.Larger and smaller programs were more likely to report declines in applications.*E

111、ach category is broken into quartiles,with each bar representing approximately 25 percent of the applications received by respondents in 2023.100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%Relative Application Change by 2023 Class SizeGrowthStableDeclineGrowthStableDecline24 and FewerEvening25-45Hybrid46-83WeekendMo

112、re than 83Online Full-Time In-Person43%51%43%6%5%5%4%51%45%51%45%52%Figure 7:Programs offering flexibility to students were the most likely to see program growth in 2023.Full-time,in-person programs were more likely to report declines than growth.Relative Application Change by Program Delivery36%36%

113、43%41%53%4%5%1%5%4%59%56%53%43%60%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202320Consistent with overall trends,total MBA applications dipped year-on-year,with unranked programs and those with some brand awareness experiencing the most growth.Having examin

114、ed trends among all GME programs,this section focuses on trends among MBA programs specifically.In 2023,the absolute total of MBA applications declined five percent(Figure 8).While this is the second year in a row that total MBA applications declined after a small bump in 2021,the dip is slightly le

115、ss than what MBA programs experienced last year.-6.9%-2%-6.5%-4.9%3.8%200222023Trends in Absolute Total Number of MBA Applications:2019-2023Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsFigure 8:The absolute total of MBA applications declined for the second year in a row after a pandemic-related boo

116、st in 2020.MBA applications did not dip as much from 2022 to 2023 compared to the previous years drop.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202321Meanwhile,more individual MBA programs reported growth than last year(Figure 9).Roughly the same number of

117、MBA programs reported declines as growth in 2023,but this is a 10-point improvement from just the 37 percent of programs that reported application growth in 2022.Moreover,there are more programs reporting growth compared to pre-pandemic levels.MBAs were more likely to see a decline in their applicat

118、ions than growth while more than half of lower-ranked and unranked MBAs saw their applications increase(Figure 10).Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative MBA Application Change:202020%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%GrowthStableDeclineGrowt

119、hStableDecline47%31%52%58%49%8%8%5%5%4%45%61%43%37%47%Figure 10:MBA programs from lower-ranked and unranked business schools were the most likely to see application growth from 2022 to 2023.MBA programs from the most highly ranked schools were the least likely to see application growth.Relative MBA

120、Change 2019-2023 by School RankRank 1-50Rank 51-100Rank 100+or Unranked54%54%44%2%3%6%44%43%50%Figure 9:More MBA programs reported relative application growth than the previous year and pre-pandemic years.Roughly the same number of MBA programs reported growth in applications as those who experience

121、d declines.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202322Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsConsistent with global findings,Figure 11 demonstrates that moderately selective programs were more likely to see application gr

122、owth than the most and least selective programs.Like the analysis of all GME programs above,the acceptance rates determining each category represent quartiles of equally sized groups.More than half of MBA programs with acceptance rates ranging from 42 percent to 67 percent(second quartile)and 68 per

123、cent to 83 percent(third quartile)saw growth in their applications.MBA programs with acceptance rates of 41 percent or lower(first quartile)fared the worst in 2023,with just 32 percent of programs reporting growth.Programs were also divided into quartiles based on class size to evaluate its influenc

124、e among equally sized groups.Mid-sized MBA programs fared the best in 2023,with half of MBA programs with classes ranging from 34-50(second quartile)incoming students reporting growth(Figure 12).MBA programs with classes both smaller and larger than this were less likely to report growth.These resul

125、ts are consistent with trends across all GME programs,which also saw growth among programs with mid-sized incoming classes.*Each category is broken into quartiles,with each bar representing approximately 25 percent of the applications received by respondents in 2023.100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%Gro

126、wthStableDeclineGrowthStableDecline41%or Less42%-67%68%-83%83%or GreaterFigure 11:More than half of moderately selective programs saw relative application growth in 2023.The most selective programs fared the worst in 2023.Relative MBA Application Change by Acceptance RateRelative MBA Application Cha

127、nge by 2023 Class Size*Each category is broken into quartiles,with each bar representing approximately 25 percent of the applications received by respondents in 2023.Figure 12:Half of mid-sized MBA programs with 34-50-person class sizes reported application growth in 2023.Smaller programs and larger

128、 programs were more likely to report declines than growth.63%40%47%50%5%3%2%6%32%58%51%45%33 or Fewer34-5051-9598 or More46%48%53%50%8%2%3%5%46%50%45%45%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202323Delivery type appears to be a big factor in which MBA pr

129、ograms were most likely to report application growth.Sixty percent or more of MBA programs offering online,hybrid,weekend,and evening delivery modes reported growth in their programs applications(Figure 13).This compares to just 41 percent of full-time,in-person MBA programs that reported applicatio

130、n growth.GrowthStableDeclineFigure 13:More flexible MBA programs were more likely to report growth in applications in 2023.Full-time in-person MBA programs were as likely to report growth as declines in applicationsRelative MBA Application Change by Program DeliveryYear-on-Year Change in Application

131、s100%75%50%25%0%OnlineHybridWeekendEveningFull-Time In-Person60%60%60%62%41%36%39%33%33%56%4%1%7%5%2%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202324MBA programs associated with more flexibility were more likely to see application growth in 2023(Figure 14).

132、The professional MBA,which includes online,flexible,and part-time options,was the most likely MBA type to grow in applications in 2023.As many(48 percent)of executive MBAs reported application growth as application declines.In contrast,more than half(55 percent)of traditional full-time MBA programs

133、reported declines.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsWhile the global total of MBA applications has dropped somewhat,more flexible MBA programs appear to be faring better than traditional full-time MBAs.Likewise,mid-sized MBA programs are more likely to have seen growth in applications than larger o

134、r smaller programs.Like all GME programs,MBA programs at business schools ranked 1-100 by the Financial Times or U.S.News&World Report were less likely to report program growth than lower-ranked and unranked programs.Taken together,this could indicate some MBA applicants may not aspire to the most c

135、ompetitive programs if they can add some flexibility to their studies.GrowthStableDecline100%75%50%25%0%All MBAsProfessional MBAFull-Time MBAExecutive MBA4%3%5%4%49%55%39%48%47%43%55%48%Figure 14:The more flexible professional MBAs were the most likely MBA types to report growth in applications.More

136、 than half of full-time MBA programs reported declines in their application volume.Relative MBA Application Change by MBA Degree TypeGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202325For the first time in the past six years,total business masters applications

137、 declined,with the Master of Finance faring best.Business masters programs were more likely to report application declines in 2023 compared to MBA programs;however,the total application decline across programs was similar.Business masters programs saw a three percent decline in their absolute total

138、of applications compared to MBA programs five percent(Figure 15).But unlike MBAs,which have had more variation in their multi-year application changes,this is the first time in several years that total applications to business masters programs have decreased.-0.1%5.4%14.3%3.2%-3.4%2002220

139、23Figure 15:Business masters degrees held steady in the two years following the pandemic boom but dropped for the first time in six years in 2023.Prior to 2023,the absolute total number of business masters applications has largely been increasing over the past several years.Trends in Absolute Total

140、Number of Business Masters Applications 2019-2023Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202326Although the absolute total number of applications to business masters programs has increased over the past several years,tho

141、se application increases were not distributed equally across programs.For example,although the total number of applications to business masters programs remained steady from 2020 to 2021,only 44 percent of programs reported growth in applications that year compared to 49 percent of business masters

142、programs that reported application declines(Figure 16).In 2023,45 percent of business masters programs experienced application growth,while half reported declines.Collectively,business masters programs were more likely to face declines in applications than growth,though more than half of Master of F

143、inance programs experienced application growth in 2023(Figure 17).This is the second year in which Master of Finance applications increased after the post-pandemic slump affecting many programs in 2021.In addition,Master of Accounting programs were more likely to report growth than decline in 2023.Y

144、ear-on-year change in applicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsGrowthStableDeclineRelative Business Masters Application Change 2019-2023Figure 16:Despite previously positive total trends,most individual programs faced application declines in 2021 and 2023.Approximately the same number of progr

145、ams reported program growth in 2023 as pre-pandemic 2018 levels.100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%20022202344%69%44%49%45%6%5%7%4%5%50%26%49%47%50%Figure 17:More than half of Master of Finance programs reported growth in their number of applications.Master in Management programs were the leas

146、t likely to report growth.Relative Application Change by Business Masters Degree TypeGrowthStableDeclineAll Business MastersMaster in ManagementMaster of AccountingMaster of Business AnalyticsMaster of Finance50%57%45%50%46%5%1%8%5%3%45%42%47%45%51%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Applica

147、tion Trends Survey Summary Report 202327According to GMACs Prospective Students Survey,Gen Z candidates are more interested in the finance and accounting sector than their millennial counterparts,signaling a possible increase in demand for specialized finance and accounting degrees.Business masters

148、programs with more flexible program delivery methods also saw a growth in applicationswith the notable exception of online delivery(Figure 18).Sixty-one percent of hybrid programs and 57 percent of evening programs reported growth.In the case of online business masters programs,only 43 percent of on

149、line business masters programs reported an increase,which is about the same as the 44 percent of full-time in-person programs that reported growth.In sum,total business masters applications dropped in 2023,and more than half of business masters programs felt this decline.Master of Finance programs c

150、ontinue to rise,while programs with hybrid and weekend business masters offerings attracted more applications than full-time in-person or online programs.Year-on-Year Change in Applications*Not enough business masters programs delivered on weekends provided data to report reliable results.Figure 18:

151、Hybrid and evening business masters programs were the most likely to report growth.More than half of in-person business masters programs reported declines in applications.Relative Business Masters Application Change by Program DeliveryGrowthStableDeclineOnlineHybridEveningFull-Time In-Person100%75%5

152、0%25%0%49%35%39%51%8%4%4%5%43%61%57%44%9 In this report,any individual born in 1996 or after is referred to as a Generation Z(Gen Z)member.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202328Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey

153、Summary Report 202329Class compositionHow does the 2023 GME applicant pool compare to past candidate characteristics?And how have a persistent lukewarm economic outlook and ever-present geopolitical challenges shaped candidates mobility over time?It turns out that even a dip in the absolute total of

154、 global applications has not affected programs ability to create qualified classes.And while the pipeline of international students is a bit smaller in 2023,it has not reached the lows seen among international applications to MBA and business masters programs prior to the pandemic.Despite applicatio

155、n declines,most programs report larger class sizes of equally qualified candidates.In 2023,most MBA and business masters programs reported an increase in the number of students accepted into their class.For full-time MBA and business masters programs,this follows dips in class sizes seen in 2022.For

156、 professional MBAs,this is the third straight year of more programs reporting growth in class size,and it is roughly steady for executive MBAs.Program and recruitment takeaways Although the absolute total number of applications declined globally,most programs reported larger class sizes of equally q

157、ualified candidates.Previously,full-time and professional MBA classes were larger than executive MBA and business masters class sizes.In 2023,the median class size across these degree types was roughly the same.In 2023,flexibility appears to be a factor in application growth,even among international

158、 studentsexcept for online programs.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202330Though most programs reported an increase in class sizes,this did not necessarily translate to an increase in the median class size of different degree types.For full-time M

159、BAs and business masters programs,the median class size increased from 2022 to 2023(Figure 19).However,despite 57 percent of professional MBA programs reporting growth in their class sizes,the median class size dropped from 60 in 2022 to 45 in 2023.This perhaps means that professional MBA programs w

160、ith smaller class sizes in 2022 were the most likely to report an increase in class size in 2023still resulting in a smaller median class size compared to last year.This aligns with the trend explored above that larger programs were more likely to face application declines and,therefore,likely broug

161、ht in smaller class sizes compared to last year.Figure 19:The median number of students enrolled in full-time MBA and business masters programs increased in 2023,while the median number of professional and executive MBA class sizes declined.The gap between the median class sizes of different program

162、s is the smallest in the past five years.Median Class Size2002220231007550250Median Class Size by Degree Type 2019-2023Full-Time MBAProfessional MBAExecutive MBABusiness MastersGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202331Notably,just under 90

163、 percent of programs reported these larger classes to be more or equally qualified compared to the class beforea trend that has been largely consistent over the past five years.To further investigate the qualifications of the applicant pool,Figure 20 compares the work experience of 2019 applicants t

164、o that of 2023 applicants.Todays full-time MBA applicants appear to be somewhat more experienced than they were in 2019,while professional MBA,executive MBA,and business masters applicants have roughly similar work experience.Share of Applicant PoolAcross regions,applicants to programs in the United

165、 States,Asia,and the Pacific Islands tend to have less work experience than candidates in Europe.Likewise,candidates to business masters programsespecially the Master in Management,for which many programs do not require work experiencetend to be younger than those applying to MBA programs.Intuitivel

166、y,executive MBA programs attract the most experienced applicants.Figure 20:2023 applicants to professional MBA,executive MBA,and business masters programs have roughly the same work experience as they did in 2019.Full-time MBA programs report their 2023 applicants had somewhat more work experience t

167、han in 2019.Work Experience Among Applicants by Degree Type:2019 and 2023200192023Full-Time MBAProfessional MBAExecutive MBABusiness Masters202320232023100%75%50%25%0%No Work Experience6-10 Years ExperienceLess than 2 Years Experience10+Years Experience2-6 Years Experience11%12%26%29%65%6

168、9%6%6%20%25%22%24%28%23%7%6%42%42%38%32%7%7%23%20%31%31%34%36%14%12%10%9%14%8%4%7%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202332Share of Applicant PoolShare of Applicant PoolWork Experience Among Applicants by Degree TypeWork Experience Among Applicants b

169、y RegionFull-Time One-Year MBAFull-Time Two-Year MBAOnline MBAPart-Time LockstepPart-Time Self-PacedMaster of AccountingMaster of Business AnalyticsMaster of FinanceMaster in ManagementAsia&Pacific IslandsCanadaEuropeUnited States100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%No Work ExperienceNo Work Experience6-10

170、 Years Experience6-10 Years ExperienceLess than 2 Years ExperienceLess than 2 Years Experience10+Years Experience10+Years Experience2-6 Years Experience2-6 Years Experience14%11%32%30%21%5%6%5%1%27%23%27%26%20%5%7%5%1%40%46%28%32%43%13%27%20%11%14%10%9%8%9%26%35%33%32%5%9%4%4%7%51%25%37%54%Figure 21

171、:Applicants to programs in the United States,Asia,and the Pacific Islands tend to be younger than applicants to European programs.More than half of Master in Management and Master of Accounting applicants have no work experience.16%23%20%14%19%20%19%14%28%29%24%29%15%9%24%19%23%19%13%24%Graduate Man

172、agement Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202333In sum,declining applications have not led to a decline in the quality of applications.Candidates also appear to have roughly similar years of work experience compared to pre-pandemic levels.Median class sizes have increa

173、sed for full-time MBA and business masters programs,closing the difference previously seen between historically larger full-time MBA programs and traditionally smaller executive MBA and business masters programs.Meanwhile,median class sizes are smaller among professional MBA programs despite most of

174、 those programs reporting growth in class size.Fewer programs report growth from international applicants compared to last year,but growth still tops pre-pandemic lows for MBAs.In 2023,fewer programs reported growth in international students compared to 2022and compared to the several years followin

175、g the pandemic(Figure 22).Despite the travel restrictions in 2020,the number of programs that grew their applications from international students still increasedlikely a part of the broader surge in applications from most groups in 2020.The relatively high numbers of programs experiencing applicatio

176、n Year-on-Year Change in Applications growth in 2021 and 2022 were likely related to the ease of travel restrictions,meaning the dip in programs experiencing application growth in 2023 could be a leveling off from those effects.Even still,the decade-long time horizon shows a relatively stable source

177、 of international applicants to programs worldwide.Relative change in International Applications to all GME Programs %75%50%25%0%2000023GrowthStableDecline38%33%34%35%39%39%31%41%39%45%17%25%22%23%20%21%17%15%14%14%45%42%44%42%41%40%52%44%47%41%Figure 22:

178、The number of programs that experienced growth in international applications in 2023 is lower than that of recent years.More programs reported declines in international applications in 2023 than growth.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202334Full-ti

179、me MBA programs have a more pronounced trend in the pipeline of international students.Among full-time MBA programs,the post-pandemic years saw an even greater boost in international applications after a multi-year decline in the number of programs reporting growth leading into 2020(Figure 23).Compa

180、red to 2022,the number of MBA programs that reported a decline in applications increased 16 points in 2023.Again,this is likely in part a leveling off from a pandemic-related boom.Like full-time MBA programs,the number of business masters programs reporting declines in international applications als

181、o increased in 2023,though not to the same extent.In 2023,42 percent of business masters programs reported growth in applications from international candidates compared to 48 percent that experienced declines(Figure 24).In 2023,flexibility appears to be a factor of application growth even among inte

182、rnational students,who might be more limited than domestic students in pairing GME with full-time or part-time work.Still,more than half of evening(53 percent)and hybrid(54 percent)business masters programs reported growth in applications from international candidates.Online business masters program

183、s do not appear to offer the same appeal,as just about a quarter(24 percent)of online business masters programs reported growth.Relative Change in International Applications to MBA Programs 2014-2023Figure 23:The number of full-time MBA programs experiencing declines in international applications in

184、creased 16 points in 2023 but remained slightly above pre-pandemic lows.The pandemic years reversed a multi-year decline in full-time MBA programs experiencing growth in applications.100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%20000002232023GrowthS

185、tableDeclineGrowthStableDeclineFigure 24:The number of business masters programs reporting growth in applications from international candidates declined from 2022 to 2023.2023 levels are below pandemic-related surges.Relative Change in International Applications to Business Masters Programs 2014-202

186、333%35%32%37%48%43%28%34%36%52%10%21%20%19%15%19%18%21%17%8%57%44%48%44%37%38%54%45%47%40%47%34%40%37%36%42%29%43%42%48%11%16%17%19%15%15%11%8%8%10%42%50%43%44%49%43%60%49%50%42%Year-on-Year Change in Applications Year-on-Year Change in Applications Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Applic

187、ation Trends Survey Summary Report 202335Diversity enrollmentPart of graduate business schools duty to prepare the next generation of leaders is to ensure they can thrive in dynamic,multicultural workplaces.As such,the Application Trends Survey explores how GME programs enrich their student experien

188、ce with exposure to different perspectives and experiences.In particular,this section focuses on trends among women applying to graduate business school.A decade of stagnation in applications from women looks similar across regions and persists across degree types.Even among programs in which women

189、were well represented in the applicant pool,applications from women have stagnated or declined.This section also zooms in on the application trends of underrepresented candidates in the United States.In the wake of the recent U.S.Supreme Court decision about race-conscious admissions,examining sever

190、al years of data can help U.S.programs as they rethink their strategies to create inclusive learning environments.Program and recruitment takeaways Applications among women continue to stagnate across degree types and regions,hovering around two-fifths of all applications for the past decade.Women m

191、ake up the majority of applications to Master of Accounting programs and just under half of Master in Management applicants.More than half of U.S.full-time two-year,part-time,and executive MBA programs reported growth in applications for U.S.underrepresented candidates in 2023notably,this does not i

192、nclude the online MBA.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202336Applications among women continue to stagnate across degree types and regions.Despite closing gender gaps in other post-graduate education like law school or medical school,the share of w

193、omen applying to business school has remained broadly consistent for the past decade.10 In 2023,women accounted for just 40 percent of applications to business schools worldwide,and there has not been much movement since 2014(Figure 25).Year-on-Year Change in Applications10“The Majority of U.S.Medic

194、al Students Are Women,New Data Show.”Association of American Medical Colleges.December 9,2019.https:/www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/majority-us-medical-students-are-women-new-data-show.Krinsky,Susan L.“The Incoming Class of 2021 The Most Diverse Law School Class in History.”Law School Admission Co

195、uncil.December 15,2021.https:/www.lsac.org/blog/incoming-class-2021-most-diverse-law-school-class-history.100%75%50%25%0%2000023GrowthStableDeclineMedianRelative change in Applications from Women 2014-2023Figure 25:The median share of applications to all GME programs

196、 from women has hovered around 40 percent for the past decade.Even the pandemic boom of applications in 2020 did not change the share of women who applied to business school.41%37%36%36%40%42%31%46%48%47%15%14%16%17%13%14%11%10%11%8%45%44%49%48%47%47%44%58%44%41%39%43%43%42%42%42%42%41%41%40%Graduat

197、e Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202337A similar picture emerges across regions,too.Over the past five years,the share of female applicants in the United States,Europe,Asia,the Pacific Islands,and Canada has hovered around two-fifths.There was an increase

198、 in the number of programs reporting growth in applications from women in the United States year-on-year,but male applications increased at a similar rate(Figure 26).In Europe,more programs reported declines in applications from women than reported increases in 2023.In Asia and the Pacific Islands,t

199、here was still a drop in applications from women from 2022 to 2023.However,the share of women applicants increased because applications from men in the region decreased to a greater degree.The median share of applications from women in Canada was on a multi-year incline but dipped in 2023.Figure 26:

200、The share of applications from women in the United States,Europe,Asia,the Pacific Islands,and Canada has hovered around two-fifths for the past five years.Most U.S.programs saw an increase in applications from women in 2023,but male applications increased at a similar rate.Year-on-Year Change in App

201、licationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications from Women to Programs in the United States 2019-2023Relative Change in Applications from Women to Programs in the Europe 2019-2023Relative Change in Appl

202、ications from Women to Programs in the Asia&Pacific Islands 2019-2023Relative Change in Applications from Women to Programs in Canada %75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%100%75%50%25%0%20002020202022222022202320232023202351%27%52%53%44%11

203、%36%61%40%38%48%13%43%43%41%41%41%8%9%8%37%32%46%42%52%48%59%41%47%41%15%8%13%11%7%39%39%40%42%39%53%53%61%42%40%12%14%10%16%9%35%33%29%42%51%39%39%40%39%49%34%22%66%74%59%16%14%7%4%8%28%22%32%50%65%38%39%41%47%43%GrowthStableDeclineMedianGrowthStableDeclineMedianGrowthStableDeclineMedianGrowthStabl

204、eDeclineMedianGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202338In terms of program types,women had the largest share of 2023 applications to Master of Accounting(54 percent),Master in Management(49 percent),and Master of Business Analytics(44 percent)program

205、s(Figure 27).Although women make up more than half of the Master of Accounting applicants and nearly half of Master in Management applications,most of these programs still saw a drop in total applications from women.While the share of women applicants is comparatively smallest in the executive MBA(3

206、2 percent),most of these programs saw growth in their applications from female candidates.Figure 27:Women make up more than half of the 2023 Master of Accounting applications and nearly half of the Master in Management applications.Most Executive MBA and Master of Business Analytics programs saw gro

207、wth in their number of applications from women.Online MBA42%Master of Accounting54%Master Business Analytics44%Master of Finance37%Full-Time MBA39%Executive MBA32%Master in Management49%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202339Figure 28:More full-tim

208、e and online MBA programs reported increases in applications from women than decreases,without much impact on the total share of female applicants.Women have made up a greater share of the Master of Accounting applicant pool than other degree types.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change

209、in Applications from Women and Median Share of Female Applications:Master of Accounting100%75%50%25%0%200222023GrowthStableDeclineMedian25%48%37%42%45%14%8%5%7%4%61%44%58%51%51%55%55%51%51%52%Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications from Women and Median Share of

210、 Female Applications:Online MBA100%75%50%25%0%200222023GrowthStableDeclineMedian38%10%48%69%41%14%13%5%7%8%48%77%47%24%51%37%41%41%39%38%Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications from Women and Median Share of Female Applications:Full-Time MBA100%75%50%25%0%201920

211、20202120222023GrowthStableDeclineMedianYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications from Women and Median Share of Female Applications:Master in Management100%75%50%25%0%200222023GrowthStableDeclineMedian48%21%46%49%53%38%69%30%42%43%14%10%24%53%50%47%47%43%9%4%42%30

212、%35%50%44%11%11%13%11%7%47%59%52%39%49%38%37%37%37%35%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202340Over time,the share of women applying to Master of Accounting programs has decreased somewhat,though it remains above 50 percent(Figure 28).The share of wo

213、men applying to Master in Management programs has also declined.To a greater extent,after the pandemic,the majority of candidates applying to Master of Management programs switched from mostly women to mostly men.Of course,many of these programs saw an increase in applications from women in 2020 due

214、 to the pandemicthe online MBA especially.However,these increases were offset by increases in applications from men as well,so they did not have much impact on the share of women applying to these degree types.Across regions and degree types,the composition of women applying to graduate management e

215、ducation has not changed much over the past several years.Even the vast increases in applications from women related to the pandemic were primarily offset by similar increases in applications from men.The programs that report the highest share of women in their applicant pool,such as the Master of A

216、ccounting and Master in Management,have seen declining shares of women applying.GMACs Prospective Students Survey indicates that women tend to be more interested in flexible,online,and hybrid programs;however,the share of women applying to online,hybrid,weekend,and evening programs is still roughly

217、two-fifths.Median Share of U.S.Underrepresented ApplicantsConsistent with broader U.S.trends,applications from underrepresented populations are at a post-pandemic peak and top pre-pandemic levels.Following the 2023 U.S.Supreme Court case ruling in Students for Fair Admissions v.Harvard,GME programs

218、are reevaluating how to build classes that reflect the diversity of the country and their pool of applicants.As the industry prepares for impending shifts in how U.S.programs evaluate the experiences of applicants from underrepresented racial and ethnic backgrounds,this data reported by schools over

219、 the past decade can serve as a foundation for how current efforts have(or have not)been effective.Since 2014,most U.S.GME programs reported either stability or growth in their applications from underrepresented U.S.populations.Similar to broader U.S.and global trends,applications from these candida

220、tes surged alongside the pandemic(Figure 29).However,a plurality of programs reported declines in applications in 2021 and 2022 as the pandemic-related applications leveled off.But after a 10-year low in programs 100%75%50%25%0%2000023GrowthStableDeclineFigure 29:In

221、2023,the number of programs reporting a growth in applications from U.S.underrepresented populations rebounded above pre-pandemic levels.Over the past decade,most programs saw increases or stable numbers of applications from U.S.underrepresented candidates.Relative Change in Applications from U.S.Un

222、derrepresented Candidates:%29%35%35%43%39%22%47%48%34%31%31%23%24%19%25%22%17%23%19%38%40%42%41%38%36%56%36%29%47%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20234112 Due to limited observations among full-time one-year MBA and executive MBA progra

223、ms reporting information about U.S.underrepresented candidates,these conclusions less attributable to the population compared to other conclusions drawn throughout the report.reporting growth in applications from underrepresented U.S.populations in 2022,47 percent of U.S.programs reported growth in

224、these applications in 2023.Againconsistent with broader U.S.trendsthe number of programs reporting growth in these applications is larger than all the pre-pandemic years.Moreover,most degree types reported a rise in applications from underrepresented U.S.candidates(Figure 30).The one-year full-time

225、MBA saw the highest growth in applications,and more than half of U.S.full-time two-year,part-time,and executive MBA programs reported growth in 2023.While most MBA types saw a growth in applications,business masters programs were less likely to report growth.And while online MBA programs were more l

226、ikely to report growth than declines,their growth was not as pronounced as other in-person options.Relative Change in Applications from U.S.Underrepresented Candidates by Degree TypeGrowthStableDecline100%75%50%25%0%Full-Time Two-Year MBAPart-Time MBAOnline MBAMaster of AccountingMaster of FinanceMa

227、ster of Business AnalyticsMedian Share of U.S.Underrepresented Applicants26%19%34%37%35%35%15%18%17%14%22%33%59%63%49%49%43%33%Figure 30:Most MBA types saw growth in applications from U.S.underrepresented populations in 2023.U.S.business masters programs were less likely than U.S.MBA programs to rep

228、ort growth in applications from underrepresented applicants.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202342All said,applications from U.S.underrepresented populations to U.S.GME programs have been largely consistent over the past decade.Underrepresented ca

229、ndidates have made up larger application shares to more flexible professional and executive programs,and 2023 results indicate application growth to full-time one-year and two-year MBAs.The smallest share of U.S.underrepresented applicants has historically been to business masters programs.However,m

230、ore Master of Accounting and Master of Finance programs indicated growth in applications than declines in 2023.13 This report uses both the average number of underrepresented populations(15 percent in 2023)as well as the median number of underrepresented populations(11 percent in 2023).However,like

231、the trend seen globally with women,these changes in application volume did not impact the median share of underrepresented U.S.applicants across several degree programs over time.In 2023,11 percent of U.S.applications came from underrepresented U.S.populationsand has been hovering around that amount

232、 over the past five years(Figure 31).The median share of U.S.underrepresented populations among business masters programs has hovered around 8 percent,with the full-time MBA around one in 10 applicants.The largest share of U.S.underrepresented candidates is seen in applications to executive MBA prog

233、rams and professional MBA programswhich include online,flexible,and part-time options.In 2023,underrepresented U.S.populations made up 19 percent of U.S.professional MBA applications and 23 percent of executive MBA applications,with little movement over the past five years.Median Share of Applicatio

234、ns from U.S.Underrepresented Populations by Degree Type100%75%50%25%0%Median Share of U.S.Underrepresented ApplicantsFigure 31:Executive MBA and professional programs have reported the largest share of applications from U.S.underrepresented populations over the past five years.Business masters progr

235、ams have reported the smallest share of applications from U.S.underrepresented candidates over the past five years.Full-Time MBAProfessional MBAExecutive MBABusiness Masters23%19%9%8%200222023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202343Figure

236、 32:The absolute total number of applications to U.S.GME programs dropped in 2023.U.S.programs lost a greater percentage of total international applications in 2023 compared to domestic.Regional Profile United StatesIn the United States,the absolute total number of applications dipped in 2023,with a

237、 greater loss of total international applications compared to domestic applications(Figure 32).But like other places in the world,these impacts were not felt evenly.In fact,more than half of U.S.programs reported growth in their programs applications(Figure 33).Not only was this a year-over-year inc

238、rease,but the 2023 rates are 15 points more than pre-pandemic 2019 levels.So,which programs are experiencing this growth?How have applications reshuffled?And how do U.S.trends differ from the rest of the world?TotalDomesticInternational3.2%1.8%4.9%Year-on-Year Change in Total ApplicationsTrends in A

239、bsolute Total Number of Applications to U.S.Programs in 2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202344Figure 33:More than half of U.S.programs reported growth in their 2023 applications.Application growth to individual programs is greater than pre-pan

240、demic 2019 levels.2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%37%67%41%41%52%7%6%5%4%6%56%27%54%55%41%GrowthStableDeclineYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Application Change to U.S.Programs:2019-2023While the following sections go into greater detail about the changes seen among specific degree

241、types within the United States,data about flexibility in program delivery were explored as a factor that might have affected the growth in applications seen among most U.S.programs.Given that more flexible options are about as likely as full-time in-person programs to report growth,flexibility is pe

242、rhaps not as differentiating to candidates applying to U.S.programs(Figure 34).That said,the one-year full-time MBA is much more likely to report growth than the two-year MBA65 percent to 48 percent,respectively.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202

243、345Figure 34:Over half of U.S.programs reported growth in their applications across delivery types.U.S.programs do not demonstrate the disparity between flexible and full-time in-person options seen among global programs.0%25%50%75%100%EveningHybridWeekendOnlineFull-TimeIn-Person54%52%54%52%53%3%6%3

244、%7%7%43%42%43%41%40%GrowthStableDeclineIn addition to exploring U.S.trends by delivery methods,the international and domestic composition of program volume likely played a role in the growth seen among U.S.GME programs.As seen in Figure 32,the absolute total number of applications from international

245、 applicants to U.S.programs declined.Figure 35 shows that international applications relative to last year also declined,with 45 percent of programs reporting growth and 38 percent reporting declines in applications.However,over the past few years,international applications to U.S.programs have rebo

246、unded from declines from approximately 2017 to 2019when U.S.immigration policy and sentiment were less favorable for international students.After several challenging years with the domestic pipelineespecially after applications leveled off following the pandemicmore U.S.programs reported growth in d

247、omestic applications than declines in 2023(Figure 36).In fact,compared to the increase seen in 2020 as a result of the pandemic,this years U.S.programs reported a decade-long high in domestic applications.As seen in Figure 32,the absolute total of domestic applications still declined,but it appears

248、those drops were felt unevenly.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Application Change to U.S.Programs by Program DeliveryGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202346Figure 35:Though the number of programs reporting growth in international applic

249、ations to U.S.programs declined in 2023,growth remains above pre-pandemic levels.International applications to U.S.programs have also rebounded from lows seen in 2017-2019.Figure 36:Next to pandemic-related boosts in 2020,programs in 2023 had the most relative growth of the past decade.Domestic U.S.

250、applications rebounded after sharp declines following the pandemic.2000202021202220230%20%40%60%80%100%44%44%40%32%28%30%47%43%54%45%19%21%21%20%19%22%19%16%15%18%38%35%39%48%53%48%34%41%31%38%GrowthStableDecline2000202021202220230%20%40%60%80%100%42%43%45

251、%42%39%41%67%37%24%47%14%20%17%13%13%12%10%9%9%12%45%38%38%45%47%47%23%54%67%41%GrowthStableDeclineYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in International Applications to U.S.Programs:2014-2023Relative Change in Domestic Applications to U.S.Programs:201

252、4-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202347Figure 37:More U.S.full-time two-year MBA programs experienced program growth in 2023 than in 2022.This reverses a two-year trend of fewer programs reporting growth as applications leveled off after the

253、pandemic.Full-Time Two-Year MBAAbout as many U.S.full-time,two-year MBA programs reported increases in applications as declines in 2023.Like other programs worldwide,U.S.full-time two-year MBA programs have been facing declines in applications following the pandemic surge,though they rebounded somew

254、hat in 2023.2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%23%72%54%44%49%5%4%5%2%4%73%24%41%53%48%GrowthStableDeclineYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications to U.S.Full-Time Two-Year MBA Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summar

255、y Report 202348Summary statistics(n=80)20222023Median Total Applications 310341Median Total Applications Per Seat6.65.9Mean Percentage Female Applicants37%37%Mean Percentage First-Generation ApplicantsN/A16%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A8%Median Acceptance Rate38%40%Median Enrollment Rate42%

256、44%Median Class Size6165Relative year-on-year change in applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal49%4%48%Domestic45%8%47%International49%5%45%Women47%5%47%Underrepresented Populations59%16%26%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Surve

257、y Summary Report 202349Figure 38:Two-thirds of full-time,one-year MBA programs in the United States experienced a growth in applications in 2023.This is the fourth year in a row over half of these programs reported growth.Full-Time One-Year MBASixty-five percent of U.S.full-time,one-year MBA program

258、s reported growth in their applicationsand over half have reported growth since the pandemic-related application boost in 2020.In 2023,more than half(56 percent)of these programs reported growth in applications from women,and about two-thirds reported growth in applications from U.S.underrepresented

259、 candidates.2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%30%64%50%52%65%12%6%3%0%5%58%30%47%48%30%GrowthStableDeclineYear-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications to U.S.Full-Time One-Year MBA Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summa

260、ry Report 202350Summary Statistics(n=37)20222023Median Total Applications 81139Median Total Applications Per Seat2.93.9Mean Percentage Female Applicants41%39%Mean Percentage First-Generation ApplicantsN/A12%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A5%Median Acceptance Rate63%53%Median Enrollment Rate64%

261、62%Median Class Size3345Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal65%5%30%Domestic56%12%32%International50%21%29%Women56%9%34%Underrepresented Populations68%11%21%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Sur

262、vey Summary Report 202351Part-Time MBAMost(53 percent)U.S.part-time MBA programs reported application growth in 2023.This follows two challenging years of declines after the 2020 surge in pandemic-related applications.Over half of programs(53 percent)reported growth in applications from women,and ne

263、arly two-thirds reported growth in applications from underrepresented candidates.2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%38%72%14%25%53%8%5%10%0%3%54%23%76%75%43%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 39:Over half of part-time U.S.MBA programs in the United States reported growth in 2023.This follows two challengi

264、ng post-pandemic years where three-quarters of programs experienced declines in applications.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications to U.S.Part-Time MBA Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202352Summary St

265、atistics(n=61)20222023Median Total Applications 7790Median Total Applications Per Seat1.61.7Mean Percentage Female Applicants41%40%Mean Percentage First-Generation ApplicantsN/A22%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A7%Median Acceptance Rate88%83%Median Enrollment Rate71%71%Median Class Size4550Rel

266、ative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal53%3%43%Domestic36%12%52%International35%32%33%Women53%7%40%Underrepresented Populations63%17%19%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 20235320

267、02220230%20%40%60%80%100%50%84%26%19%58%10%2%0%5%4%40%14%74%76%38%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 40:Over half of U.S.online MBA programs reported application growth in 2023.This follows two challenging years after the pandemic-related surge,where three-quarters of online MBA programs in the Un

268、ited States reported declines in applications.Online MBAFifty-eight percent of U.S.online MBA programs reported year-on-year growth in applications in 2023.Like the U.S.part-time MBA,this growth signals a rebound after two challenging years following the surge of pandemic-related applications in 202

269、0.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Change in Applications to U.S.Online MBA Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202354Summary Statistics(n=49)20222023Median Total Applications 93141Median Total Applications Per Seat1.82Mea

270、n Percentage Female Applicants41%42%Mean Percentage First-Generation Applicants*N/A17%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A9%Median Acceptance Rate83%80%Median Enrollment Rate70%67%Median Class Size5565Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthSt

271、ableDeclineTotal58%4%38%Domestic47%16%38%International21%42%37%Women48%14%38%Underrepresented Populations49%17%34%*Fewer than 30 U.S.online programs reported mean percentage of first-generation applicants.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202355Year

272、-on-Year Change in Applications2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%31%51%30%34%43%8%5%9%9%11%60%45%61%56%46%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 41:More Master of Accounting programs in the United States reported growth in applications compared to last year.Although there is growth compared to 2022,U.S.Maste

273、r of Accounting programs still experienced more declines than growth in 2023.Master of AccountingForty-three percent of U.S.Master of Accounting programs reported application growth in 2023,while 46 percent reported a decline.U.S.Master of Accounting programs did not experience a surge in pandemic-r

274、elated applications quite to the extent of other programs,and in subsequent years,more programs have reported declines in applications than increases.However,application growth is trending in the right direction.Consistent with global trends,women made up half of the applicants to U.S.Master of Acco

275、unting programs.Relative Change in Applications to U.S.Master of Accounting Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202356Summary Statistics(n=63)20222023Median Total Applications 7475Median Total Applications Per Seat2.22.0Mean Percenta

276、ge Female Applicants52%50%Mean Percentage First-Generation Applicants*N/A19%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A2%Median Acceptance Rate78%76%Median Enrollment Rate63%63%Median Class Size3030Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclin

277、eTotal43%11%46%Domestic41%6%52%International54%13%33%Women40%5%55%Underrepresented Populations49%14%37%*Fewer than 30 U.S.Master of Accounting programs reported mean percentage of first-generation applicants.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 2023572

278、002220230%20%40%60%80%100%37%78%29%49%53%6%5%4%6%7%57%17%67%45%41%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 42:More than half of U.S.Master of Finance Programs experienced growth in applications in 2023.This is the second year more U.S.Master of Finance programs reported growth since a five-year low in 2

279、021.Master of FinanceMore than half(53 percent)of U.S.Master of Finance programs reported increases in applications from 2022 to 2023.Like other U.S.degree programs,this is an improvement from last year.More than half(52 percent)of U.S.Master of Finance programs reported growth in domestic applicati

280、ons,while nearly half(48 percent)reported declines in international applications.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative change in applications to U.S.Master of Finance Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202358Summary Statistics

281、(n=60)20222023Median Total Applications 178151Median Total Applications Per Seat5.24.5Mean Percentage Female Applicants37%37%Mean Percentage First-Generation Applicants*N/A20%Mean Percentage Military ApplicantsN/A3%Median Acceptance Rate73%71%Median Enrollment Rate35%38%Median Class Size3434.5Relati

282、ve Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal53%7%41%Domestic52%9%40%International43%9%48%Women45%7%48%Underrepresented Populations43%22%35%*Fewer than 30 U.S.Master of Finance programs reported mean percentage of first-generation applica

283、nts.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202359Summary Statistics(n=53)2023Median Total Applications 250Median Total Applications Per Seat4.3Mean Percentage Female Applicants43%Mean Percentage First-Generation Applicants*17%Mean Percentage Military App

284、licants2%Median Acceptance Rate70%Median Enrollment Rate34%Median Class Size54Master of Business AnalyticsMore than half(53 percent)of Master of Business Analytics programs reported year-over-year application growth.In previous reporting,Master of Business Analytics applications were combined with M

285、aster of Data Analytics,so multi-year data is not available.*Fewer than 30 U.S.Master of Business Analytics programs reported mean percentage of first-generation applicants.Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal53%8%39%Domest

286、ic55%10%35%International49%16%35%Women55%6%39%Underrepresented Populations33%33%35%Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202360Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202361Regional Profile EuropeAmong applic

287、ations to Europe,the absolute total declined by six percent from 2022 to 2023.The decline was most pronounced among international students,which saw a 13 percent drop,compared to a four percent drop in the absolute total number of applications from domestic candidates.Most(55 percent)European GME pr

288、ograms reported declines in applications compared to 44 percent that reported growth.Most European programs have been facing declines following the pandemic-related surge in applications in 2020.TotalDomesticInternational5.6%3.7%13.4%Figure 43:The absolute total number of applications to GME program

289、s in Europe declined by six percent.European programs reported the greatest declines in applications from international candidates.Year-on-Year Change in Total ApplicationsTrends in Absolute Total Number of Applications to European Programs in 2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Applicat

290、ion Trends Survey Summary Report 202362Summary Statistics(n=119)20222023Median Total Applications Per Seat5.43.6Mean Percentage Female Applicants45%41%Mean Percentage First-Generation Applicants*N/A4%Median Acceptance RateN/A45%Median Enrollment Rate61%61%Median Class Size5761Relative Year-on-Year C

291、hange in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal44%1%55%Domestic42%10%47%International42%7%52%Women41%7%52%2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%53%72%46%44%44%5%2%4%4%1%42%26%50%52%55%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 44:For the third year in a row,more than half o

292、f European programs reported declines in applications.The number of European GME programs reporting growth has been roughly steady since a pandemic-related surge in applications in 2020.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Application Change to European Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management A

293、dmission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202363TotalDomesticInternational6.4%8.4%2.5%Figure 45:The absolute total number of applications to GME programs in Asia and the Pacific Islands dropped six percent in 2023.The total number of domestic applications dropped at a greater r

294、ate than international applications.Regional Profile Asia&Pacific IslandsIn Asia and the Pacific Islands,the absolute total number of applications declined by six percent.A drop in domestic applications appears to have led the trend,with an eight percent drop in total applications from domestic cand

295、idates.This compares to a three percent drop in total applications from international candidates.It appears the drop in total applications was felt across a number of programs rather than concentrated in a few,which was more the case globally.Two-thirds of programs in Asia and the Pacific Islands re

296、ported declines in their applications(Figure 46).This is the second year in a row that more programs than the year before reported declines in applications.Year-on-Year Change in Total ApplicationsTrends in Absolute Total Number of Applications to Programs in Asia and Pacific Islands in 2023Graduate

297、 Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202364Summary Statistics(n=67)20222023Median Total Applications Per Seat5.15.0Mean Percentage Female Applicants42%48%Mean Percentage First-Generation ApplicantsN/A12%Median Acceptance Rate73%32%Median Enrollment Rate57%59%M

298、edian Class Size6073Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal31%1%67%Domestic37%18%45%International33%13%54%Women40%9%51%2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%49%57%63%46%31%6%11%9%8%1%45%32%27%47%67%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 46

299、:Two-thirds of programs in Asia and the Pacific Islands reported declines in applications.This marks the second year more programs reported more declines than the year before.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Application Change to Programs in Asia and Pacific Islands:2019-2023Graduate Mana

300、gement Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202365Regional Profile CanadaAfter a challenging year in 2022,the absolute total number of applications to GME programs in Canada increased by 16 percent(Figure 47).International applications increased by 18 percent,and the tota

301、l number of domestic applications also increased by eight percent.Compared to the steep decline in the number of Canadian GME programs reporting application growth in 2022,more programs in 2023 reported program growth.However,more than half(56 percent)of Canadian programs still faced application dec

302、lines.TotalDomesticInternational15.5%8.1%17.6%Figure 47:The absolute total number of applications to GME programs in Canada increased by 16 percent.International applications grew more than domestic applications,though the total number of applications from both applicant types increased.Year-on-Year

303、 Change in Total ApplicationsTrends in Absolute Total Number of Applications to Canadian Programs in 2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202366Summary Statistics(n=39)20222023Median Total Applicants4.43.0Mean Percentage Female ApplicantsN/A44%Medi

304、an Acceptance Rate37%54%Median Enrollment Rate64%62%Median Class Size5052Relative Year-on-Year Change in Applications,2023Percentage of ProgramsApplicant categoryGrowthStableDeclineTotal38%5%56%Domestic41%5%54%International33%13%54%Women32%8%59%2002220230%20%40%60%80%100%55%79%69%14%38%18

305、%0%0%0%5%26%21%31%86%56%GrowthStableDeclineFigure 48:Compared to last year,more GME programs in Canada are reporting growth in their applications.The most dramatic leveling off of applications following the pandemic surge seen in other programs appears not to have hit Canadian programs until last ye

306、ar.Year-on-Year Change in ApplicationsRelative Application Change to Canadian Programs:2019-2023Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202367Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202368ConclusionDespite decl

307、ines in the absolute total number of applications to GME programs worldwide,many programs reported more positive results than last year.In addition to more programs reporting growth,most reported greater class sizes of equally or more qualified candidates.This is not to say programs did not face cha

308、llenges in 2023.Although the majority of U.S.programs experienced application growth,there were absolute declines in both the domestic and international pipelinesdeclines felt even more acutely in Europe,Asia,and the Pacific Islands.Programs interested in building cohorts of students with diverse ba

309、ckgrounds and experiences are up against entrenched patterns and persistent macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges.As the United States prepares for a fundamental shift in race-conscious admissions,year-over-year findings indicate growth among applications from U.S.underrepresented populations ac

310、ross most program types.Unfortunately,the same growth was not seen among female applicants.Meanwhile,post-pandemic trends indicate a reversal from previous declines in applications from international studentsespecially among MBA programs.The results indicate there are plenty of opportunities to recr

311、uit first-generation candidates who might require additional efforts from programs to translate their interest in GME into applications and enrollment.As graduate business schools plan for the future,most applicants are signaling they are looking to retain the flexibility afforded to them during the

312、 pandemic.As such,moderately selective programs and programs offering flexible program delivery fared the best in 2023perhaps to the detriment of the most competitive programs.While programs with low acceptance rates continue to garner high levels of applications,many candidates now appear to be mor

313、e interested in flexible study options than program prestige.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202369Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202370MethodologyGMAC fielded its annual Application Trends Sur

314、vey from early June through August 2023.The Council invited 553 graduate business schools and faculties from around the world to participate.The survey questionnaire contained approximately two dozen questions and was administered online.All survey questions may not have been applicable to all respo

315、nding programs.By the survey closing date,a total of 247 business schools and faculties worldwide participated in the survey and submitted data for 893 graduate management programs.All application numbers and trends discussed in this report refer to completed applications that contained all document

316、s needed for making an admissions decision.The questionnaire asked about projected numbers in regard to selectivity,yield,and deferrals for the incoming 2023 class.Reported survey findings are based on data submitted by responding programs and are not a census of all graduate management programs.Per

317、centages in tables may not add up to 100 due to either multiple responses provided by respondents or rounding.Unless otherwise specified,responses“dont know,”“prefer not to say,”or“not applicable”are not included.This report uses two approaches to assess changes in application volume to GME programs

318、.Absolute year-on-year change involves comparing the number of applications received by programs that responded to consecutive years surveys,allowing for an apples-to-apples comparison of the volume of applications received in one year versus another.Consistent with previous GMAC reports,a weighting

319、 methodology was applied when calculating the absolute change in order to appropriately adjust for the regional distribution of GME programs globally accredited by AACSB,EFMD,and AMBA.Absolute year-on-year change for specific countries or regions shown in this report are not weighted.Relative year-o

320、n-year change involves monitoring the number of programs that report application volume growth,stability,or decline compared with the prior year.This takes into account the complete sample of responding programs in a survey year.This year,the relative results were also weighted to adjust for the reg

321、ional distribution of GME programs globally accredited by AACSB,EFMD,and AMBA.Relative year-on-year change for specific countries or regions was not weighted.To allow for a comparison to previous years reports,unweighted relative results are provided in the appendix.“International”refers to an appli

322、cant who is not a citizen of the country where the program is located.Graduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application Trends Survey Summary Report 202371Country/Region AssignmentAll geographic regions mentioned in the Application Trends Survey 2023 Summary Report use the following country-re

323、gion classifications:Africa:Algeria,Angola,Benin,Botswana,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Cape Verde,Central African Republic,Chad,Comoros,Congo,Djibouti,Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Ethiopia,French Southern Territories,Gabon,Gambia,Ghana,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Ivory Coast(Cote DIvoire),Kenya,Lesotho

324、,Liberia,Libyan Arab,Jamahiriya,Madagascar,Malawi,Mali,Mauritania,Mauritius,Mayotte,Morocco,Mozambique,Namibia,Niger,Nigeria,Republic of Congo,Reunion,Rwanda,Sao Tome and Principe,Senegal,Seychelles,Sierra Leone,Somalia,South Africa,South Sudan,Sudan,Svalbard and Jan Mayen,Swaziland,Tanzania,Togo,Tu

325、nisia,Uganda,Western Sahara,Zambia,Zimbabwe Australia and Pacific Islands:American Samoa,Australia,Christmas Island,Cocos(Keeling)Islands,Cook Islands,Fiji,French Polynesia,Guam,Heard Island and McDonald Islands,Kiribati,Marshall Islands,Micronesia,Nauru,New Caledonia,New Zealand,Niue,Norfolk Island

326、,Northern Mariana Islands,Palau,Papua New Guinea,Pitcairn,Samoa,Solomon Islands,Tokelau,Tonga,Tuvalu,Vanuatu,Wallis and Futuna Islands Canada Central&South Asia:Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,British Indian Ocean Territory,India,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Nepal,Pakistan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan

327、East&Southeast Asia:Brunei Darussalam,Cambodia,China,East Timor,Hong Kong,SAR China,Indonesia,Japan,Korea,North,Korea,South,Lao Peoples,Democratic Republic,Macao,SAR China,Malaysia,Maldives,Mongolia,Myanmar,Philippines,Singapore,Sri Lanka,Taiwan,China,Thailand,Viet Nam Eastern Europe:Albania,Armenia

328、,Azerbaijan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Czech Republic,Estonia,Georgia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Macedonia,Moldova,Montenegro,Poland,Republic of Kosovo,Romania,Serbia,Serbia and Montenegro,Slovakia,Slovenia Mexico,Caribbean,&Latin America:Anguilla,Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina,Aruba,Baham

329、as,Barbados,Belize,Bermuda,Bolivia,Bonaire,Saint Eustatius and Saba,Brazil,Cayman Islands,Chile,Colombia,Costa Rica,Cuba,Curacao,Dominica,Dominican Republic,Ecuador,El Salvador,Falkland Islands,French Guiana,Grenada,Guadeloupe,Guatemala,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,Jamaica,Martinique,Mexico,Montserrat,Neth

330、erlands Antilles,Nicaragua,Panama,Paraguay,Peru,Puerto Rico,Saint Barthelemy,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Saint Lucia,Sint Maarten,South Georgia-Sandwich Islands,St.Helena,St.Martin,St.Vincent and Grenadines,Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago,Turks and Caicos Islands,Uruguay,US Minor Outlying Islands,Venezuela,V

331、irgin Islands,British,Virgin Islands,US Middle East:Bahrain,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Oman,Palestinian,Territory,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,Syrian Arab Republic,Turkey,United Arab Emirates,Yemen United States Western Europe:Aland Islands,Andorra,Austria,Belgium,Bouvet Island,Cyprus,Denmark,Faro

332、e Islands,Finland,France,Germany,Gibraltar,Greece,Greenland,Guernsey,Iceland,Ireland,Isle of Man,Italy,Jersey,Liechtenstein,Luxembourg,Malta,Monaco,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,San Marino,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,United Kingdom,Vatican City StateGraduate Management Admission Council(GMAC)|Application

333、 Trends Survey Summary Report 202372Participant ProfileWorld Region/CountryAfricaAustralia&Pacific IslandsCanadaCentral&South AsiaEast&Southeast AsiaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastUnited StatesTotalNumber of business schools52154247Number of Programs by Program TypeFull-time two-year MBA09Full-time one-year MBA3793Part-time MBA306046216183Flexible MBA001031003338Onl