《美国农业部（USDA）：2024年度中国种子报告（英文版）（17页）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国农业部（USDA）：2024年度中国种子报告（英文版）（17页）.pdf（17页珍藏版）》请在三个皮匠报告上搜索。

1、 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary Report Voluntary-Public Distribution Date:June 25,2024 Report Number:CH2024-0073 Report Name:Planting Seeds Annual 2024 Country:China-Peoples

2、Republic of Post:Beijing Report Category:Planting Seeds,Vegetables,Oilseeds and Products,Grain and Feed Prepared By:FAS China Staff and Garrett McDonald Approved By:Adam Branson Report Highlights:In Marketing Year(MY)2022/23,China imported 67,000 metric tons(MT)of planting seeds valued at$478 millio

3、n.The United States is the largest supplier of planting seeds to China,accounting for 22 percent of MY 2022/23 planting seeds imports by value.This report provides information on the supply,trade,and utilization for a range of planting seeds,including row crops,vegetables,and grass.In addition,this

4、report summarizes updated policy and regulatory information.2 I.Production According to a Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)report(link in Chinese)published in March 2024,and the China Major Crop Seed Production Supply and Demand in 2023-2024 released by National Agriculture Technology

5、Extension Service Center of MARA in September 2023,major crops seed production increased in MY 2023/24,creating an oversupply of seeds resulting in stable to declining prices.Corn Seeds Hybrid corn seed production is estimated at 1.74 million metric tons(MMT)in MY 2023/24(October-September),a 28 per

6、cent increase from MY 2022/23 due to expanded corn seed planted area.MARA statistics show hybrid corn seed area increased 27 percent to 309,000 hectares(ha)in 2023,a ten-year high.The growth in area and production are due to several factors,including lower corn seed stocks(approximately 0.9 1 MMT)sp

7、anning four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021,higher corn seed prices which rose about 20 percent from the previous year,and rising corn seed production costs.The latter has driven production as expectation of higher near-term production costs incentivize farmers to produce more seed at a lower co

8、st at present for sale at a greater profit within two to three years.Xinjiang and Gansu provinces are the top producers of corn seed,with area of 112,600 ha and 110,300 ha,respectively.Together,they account for 72 percent of total corn seed area.Chinas total corn seed supply in MY 2023/24 is estimat

9、ed at 2.05 MMT,including 310,000 MT of carry-in stocks.MARA estimates MY 2023/24 hybrid corn seed demand at 1.22 MMT.The national average sales price of spring corn seeds is stable from the previous year at 34.8 yuan/kg($2.26/lb).Rice Seeds Hybrid rice seed production is estimated at 340,000 MT in M

10、Y 2023/24,a 21 percent increase from the previous year on higher yield and larger planted area.MARA statistics show hybrid rice seed area increased 10 percent to a record 144,000 ha in MY 2023/24,or slightly more than half of total rice planted area.Average yield for hybrid rice seed in MY 2023/24 i

11、s 2,361 kg/ha,about 10 percent higher than the previous year due to favorable weather conditions in major hybrid rice seed producing areas,such as Fujian,Hunan,Hainan,and Jiangxi provinces.Combined,these areas account for over 70 percent of total hybrid rice seed production.Total hybrid rice seed su

12、pply in MY 2023/24 is estimated at 400,000 MT,including 60,000 MT of carry-in stocks.Total hybrid rice seed demand(domestic use and exports)in MY 2022/23 is estimated at 270,000 MT(including 30,000 MT for exports),unchanged from MY 2022/23.The national average sales price of hybrid rice seeds is 72.

13、3 yuan/kg($4.62/lb.),a decrease of 10 percent over the same period last year.Conventional rice seed production is estimated at 1.3 MMT in MY 2023/24,a 10 percent increase from MY 2022/23.MARA statistics show conventional rice seed area increased five percent to 160,000 ha in MY 2023/24.The average y

14、ield of conventional rice seed in MY2023/24 is 7,935 kg/ha,a five percent increase from the previous year.3 Total conventional rice seed supply in MY 2023/24 is estimated at 1.35 MMT,including 50,000 MT of carry-in stocks.Total conventional rice seed demand in MY 2023/24 is estimated at 590,000 MT,u

15、nchanged from MY 2022/23.The national average sales price of conventional rice seeds is 8.9 yuan/kg($0.57/lb),unchanged from the same period last year.Soybean Seeds Soybean seed production is estimated at 1.15 MMT in MY 2023/24,a 31 percent increase from MY 2022/23 due to expanded soybean seed plant

16、ed area.MARA statistics show soybean seed area increased 36 percent to 426,000 ha in 2023,driven by PRC polices to incentivize greater soybean production(see GAIN report 2024 China Oilseeds Annual for more information).MARA estimates total soybean seed demand in MY2023/24 at 610,000 MT.The national

17、average sales price of soybean seeds in spring of 2024 was 10.4 yuan/kg($0.67/lb.),a decrease of seven percent over the same period last year.Cottonseeds Cottonseed production is estimated at 160,000 MT in MY2023/24,maintain flat from MY2022/23.MARA estimates total cotton seed demand in MY2023/24 at

18、 78,000 MT.For more information on Chinas cotton production please see GAIN Report 2024 China Cotton Products Annual.Wheat Seeds MARA estimates total spring wheat seed supply at 240,000 MT and demand at 180,000 MT in MY2023/24.Winter wheat seed supply for MY 2023/24 is estimated at 4.56 MMT and dema

19、nd at 4.05 MMT.For more information on Chinas wheat production please see GAIN Report 2024 China Grain and Feed Annual.Rape Seeds MARA estimates total winter rapeseed supply at 25,460 MT and demand at 21,000 in MY2023/24.Grass Seeds According to the 2024 China Grass Seed Supply and Demand Analysis R

20、eport(link in Chinese)published by National Forestry and Grassland Administration in October 2023,grass seed production in MY 2023/24 is estimated at 29,100 MT and harvested area at 33,300 ha.This represents a 73 percent and 15 percent increase,respectively,from MY 2022/23 when production declined d

21、ue to poor weather conditions including extreme drought and government policies to protect cultivated land for food production.These factors reduced grass seed production by 52 percent in MY 2022/23 to 16,800 MT from the 34,800 MT in MY2021/22.Qinghai province is the largest grass seed producer in C

22、hina,accounting for 44 percent of total grass seed production in MY2023/24,followed by Gansu province at 26 percent,and Shaanxi and Ningxia provinces each at nine percent.Ecological grass seed production is estimated at 16,500 MT,and forage grass seed production at 12,600 MT.4 Figure 1.China:MY 2023

23、/24 Ecological Grass Seed Production(MT,%of Total)(Source:2024 China Grass Seed Supply and Demand Analysis Report)Figure 2.China:MY 2023/24 Forage Grass Seed Production(MT,%of Total)(Source:2024 China Grass Seed Supply and Demand Analysis Report)II.Trade Imports Seed imports are forecast at 75,000 M

24、T in MY 2023/24,12 percent higher than MY 2022/23 due to higher grass seed imports which account for nearly 80 percent of total seed imports by volume.China imports few seeds for major grain crops such as corn,wheat,rice,and soybean due to market access limitations for these crops and owing,in part,

25、to the PRC policies intended to create self-sufficiency in grains.Vegetable and grass seed are the top two imported seeds,combined accounting for 56 percent of value and 79 percent of volume in MY 2022/23.The United States is the largest seed supplier to China,accounting for 22 percent of planting s

26、eed imports by value,followed by Chile(13 percent),Denmark(eight percent),Thailand(seven percent),and Canada(six percent).10,000,61%1,800,11%1,200,7%3,500,21%Elymus dahuricusPoa annuaFestuca ovinaOthers6,800,54%2,700,21%2,200,18%900,7%Arrhenatherum elatiusAlfalfaRye grassOthers 5 Figure 3.China:Seed

27、 Imports from Major Suppliers Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000MY2018/19 MY2019/20 MY2020/21 MY2021/22 MY2022/23US$1,000United StatesChileDenmarkThailandCanadaOthers 6 Table 1.China:Major Planting Seed Imports from the World HS Code Description Value(U.S.$1,00

28、0s)Volume(MT)10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 Planting Seeds 512,200 596,560 478,263 102,159 94,539 67,234 120925 Rye Grass Seeds 44,641 91,840 47,887 30,727 39,777 29,676 120991 Vegetable Seeds 244,076 275,488 268,862 10,572 10,256 8,760 100410 Oat Seed 7,572

29、8,696 7,402 12,753 10,496 8,679 120999 Fruit and Spores Seeds 45,903 40,678 28,636 11,001 8,988 4,380 120924 Kentucky Grass Seeds 20,921 31,693 14,095 6,566 5,334 4,379 120921 Alfalfa Seeds 16,628 10,935 17,768 4,511 2,283 4,222 120923 Fescue Seeds 38,484 54,277 9,020 19,585 12,937 3,327 120929 Fora

30、ge Seeds 2,442 1,288 2,965 2,091 990 1,968 120922 Clover Seeds 13,255 13,307 3,568 3,350 2,602 735 120910 Sugar Beet Seeds 23,441 14,610 25,173 639 407 693 100510 Corn Seed 3,260 4,492 5,024 261 355 303 120930 Herbaceous Seeds 35,192 33,362 31,235 55 64 60 120770 Melon Seeds 6,714 10,354 10,819 18 3

31、1 29 12060010 Sunflower seeds 9,670 5,540 5,809 29 19 23 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 2.China:Major Planting Seed Imports from the United States HS Code Description Value(U.S.$1,000s)Volume(MT)10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 Planting Seeds 137,485 167,6

32、88 102,639 54,515 35,596 29,788 120925 Rye Grass Seeds 20,752 26,891 27,593 17,857 12,834 19,573 120924 Kentucky Grass Seeds 18,306 24,260 13,976 5,556 4,027 4,339 120923 Fescue Seeds 34,592 43,158 6,650 17,557 9,876 2,424 120999 Fruit and Spores Seeds 33,275 30,102 18,842 6,575 4,869 2,087 120929 F

33、orage Seeds 1,926 709 1,170 1,590 480 719 100410 Oat Seed 2,124 2,053 408 3,736 2,964 482 120991 Vegetable Seeds 13,392 33,355 31,351 429 192 128 120921 Alfalfa Seeds 303 1,138 150 48 187 29 120930 Herbaceous Seeds 8,356 5,443 2,499 16 7 7 120922 Clover Seeds 4,459 579 0 1,151 160 0 Source:Trade Dat

34、a Monitor,LLC.7 Vegetable Seed Imports Vegetable seed imports for MY 2023/24 are forecast at 5,300 MT,a 40 percent drop from MY 2022/23.According to China Customs trade data,vegetable seeds imports declined 64 percent to 2,280 MT in the first six months of MY 2023/24 from 6,287 MT during the same pe

35、riod the previous year;while import value only declined 12 percent during the same period.Industry contacts suggest the sharp drop in import volume is due to three factors.First,improved vegetable seed breeding capabilities lowered imports of mid-range conventional vegetable seeds.Second,coriander s

36、eed imports,whether used as planting seeds or spices,were re-classified as spices under HS code 09092100 in mid-2023.According to China Customs data,the average import price of coriander seed was$800/MT while the average import price of vegetable seed was$19,750/MT in 2023.Lastly,the 2018 Special Ma

37、nagement Measures for Foreign Investment Access(Negative List)lifted restrictions for foreign investment in some crop seed business,which means that foreign investors can set up wholly-owned vegetable seed companies,lowering the need for imports as more foreign companies move vegetable seed producti

38、on to China.Although the COVID-19 pandemic and PRC response delayed this trend,industry contacts believe it resumed in 2023 following the removal of zero-COVID restrictions.Italy,Indonesia,Thailand,and Denmark together accounted for 85 percent of vegetable seed imports by volume in MY 2022/23.By con

39、trast,Chile and the United States only accounted for 2.5 percent and 1.5 percent of the import volume respectively.However,by value,Chile and the United States accounted for 23 percent and 12 percent of total import value,respectively,due to higher unit prices of seeds imported.According to a MARA r

40、eport(link in Chinese),Chinas total facility agriculture1 area is about 2.7 million ha,of which over 80 percent are planted with vegetables.High investment in facility agriculture requires high return.As a result,farmers are willing to pay for high-end and high-quality vegetable seeds that can gener

41、ate higher margins.Continued expansion of facility agriculture is expected to grow demand for unique and high-end vegetable seeds for the foreseeable future.Grass Seed Imports Grass seed(alfalfa,rye,fescue,clover,oat,and Kentucky)imports for MY 2023/24 are forecast up 20 percent to 64,000 MT from a

42、low baseline in MY 2022/23(see figure 4 below).According to China Customs data,grass seed imports increased 96 percent in the first six months of MY 2023/24 over the same period the previous year.However,industry contacts indicate that the rebound in grass seed imports is not likely to extend to the

43、 second half of MY 2023/24 as higher volumes witnessed in the first six months were driven by lower inventories,which have since recovered,as opposed to overall demand growth.Industry sources report overall demand for grass seed,particularly lawn seed used for greening,remains weak due to Chinas slo

44、wing economy.The sluggish real estate market and tight government budgets have reduced demand 1 Facility agriculture refers to the use of new production equipment and modern technology to regulate the temperature,light,water,soil,air,fertilizer and other environmental conditions required for the gro

45、wth of animals and plants in greenhouses,plastic greenhouses and other protective facilities.It involves the improvement of the growth environment of animals and plants,so that growth is rarely restricted by natural conditions and allows for continuous,high-quality production.8 for grass seeds for u

46、rban greening.Contacts report demand forage grass seeds such as oat grass seeds and some ryegrass seeds are higher than that for greening grasses seeds.Figure 4.China:Grass Seeds Imports(Unit:MT)Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Ryegrass seed is Chinas top imported grass seed,accounting for 56 percent o

47、f total grass seed imports in MY 2022/23.Annual ryegrass is mostly used as forage for feeding cows,sheep,poultry and fish,while perennial ryegrass is mostly used as ecological and lawn grass.According to 2024 China Grass Seed Supply and Demand Analysis Report,two thirds of imported ryegrass seeds we

48、re perennial and one-third were annual in the first eight months of 2023.Kentucky,fescue,and clover grass,mostly used ecological and lawn grass,together accounted for 16 percent of total grass seed imports in MY 2022/23.The United States continues to be the largest seed exporter to China,accounting

49、for 53 percent of total grass seed imports in MY 2022/23,followed by Canada,Demark,and New Zealand,with market share at 25,11 and 7 percent respectively.Exports Seed exports for MY 2023/24 are forecast at 36,000 MT,about 18 percent higher than MY 2022/23,due to higher rice seed exports which account

50、ed for 71 percent of total seed exports.Although rice seeds represent the largest export volume,by value they only account for 28 percent of total seed exports.By contrast,vegetable seed accounted for only 13 percent of export volume but represented 49 percent of total seed export value in MY 2022/2

51、3.Rice Seed Exports Hybrid rice seed exports for MY 2023/24 are forecast at 28,000 MT,about 20 percent above MY 2022/23 volumes.According to China Customs data,rice seed exports increased 37 percent in the first six months of MY 2023/24,of which exports to Pakistan and the Philippines increased 0100

52、0020000300004000050000600007000080000MY2018/19MY2019/20MY2020/21MY2021/22MY2022/23MY2023/24 9 45 percent and 50 percent,respectively.Combined these countries accounted for over 80 percent of total rice seed exports.Pakistans rice acreage is forecast to reach a record high in MY 2024/25 due to high p

53、rices providing farmers the incentive to increase rice plantings,which generates high demand for rice seeds(see GAIN report Grain and Feed Annual Pakistan 2024 for more information on rice production in Pakistan).Demand is also expected to remain stable or increase in the Philippines where the gover

54、nment continues to encourage farmers to use hybrid rice seeds to improve yields(see GAIN report Grain and Feed Annual Philippines 2024 for more information).Despite year-to-year fluctuations,industry contacts believe the long-term trend is for rice seed exports to decline as importing countries expa

55、nd locally produced rice seed supply,in part with investments from Chinese rice seed companies.In the first quarter of 2024,the PRC donated 1.5 MT of rice seed to The Gambia valued at$17,000.Vegetable Seed Exports Vegetable seed exports in MY 2023/24 are forecast at 3,400 MT,a 13 percent decrease fr

56、om the previous year on lower exports to EU countries,who have increased buying vegetable seeds from Ukraine.According to trade data provided by Trade Data Monitor LLC.,EU vegetable seed imports from Ukraine increased to 3,009 MT in the first five months of MY 2023/24 from 898 MT during the same per

57、iod of MY 2022/23;while its imports from China declined to 591 MT from the 999 MT during the same period.The Netherlands,Chinas largest export market,accounted for 15 percent of total vegetable seed exports in MY 2022/23,followed by South Korea,Vietnam,Italy,and the United States,with market share o

58、f 11,10,9 and 8 percent,respectively.Chinas top vegetable seed exports include tomatoes,sweet peppers,lettuce,and eggplant.Table 3.China:Major Planting Seed Exports to the World HS Code Description Value(US$1,000s)Volume(MT)10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 10/20-09/21 10/21-09/22 10/22-09/23 Plan

59、ting Seeds 253,220 287,487 306,665 29,798 33,511 30,546 10061021 Long rice seeds 74,462 93,973 86,517 20,151 23,917 21,757 120991 Vegetable Seeds 122,884 131,664 151,543 4,252 4,067 3,897 10061029 Other rice seeds 6,306 4,813 5,479 1,941 1,424 1,622 100510 Maize Seed 3,864 5,464 3,721 1,001 1,386 98

60、6 120930 Herbaceous Seeds 22,256 24,488 24,169 952 1,045 813 120999 Fruit Seeds 4,983 5,482 5,447 764 755 744 120929 Forage Seeds 1,025 1,331 1,113 333 227 261 12077010 Melon Seeds 16,684 19,303 27,880 161 159 209 120721 Cotton Seeds 159 582 381 79 426 151 120110 Soybean Seed 372 323 415 101 76 106

61、Source:Trade Data Monitor LLC.10 III.Policy The following are seed-related policy updates and key policies affecting planting seeds in China since the publication of the 2023 Planting Seed Annual Report.Draft GACC Approvals of Special Quarantine Permits for Prohibited Imported Animals and Plants for

62、 Special Purpose On May 27,2024,the General Administration of Customs China(GACC)issued a notification proposing to optimize the approval procedures of special quarantine permits for prohibited imported animals and plants for special purposes,such as scientific research.According to Article 5 of the

63、 Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine“Whoever,because of special needs such as scientific research,imports any objects prohibited from entering the country,must submit an application in advance,which shall be subject to the approval by the State anim

64、al and plant quarantine department,”however,industry contacts previously reported that there is no clear pathway to apply for such approval.The draft proposal provides applicants with a clear pathway to apply by:1)clarifying the procedures for handling special quarantine permit approval,including th

65、e timeline,reviewing units,and review procedures;2)clarifying documentation requirements including the application form,certification documents,risk self-assessment reports,and standardized formats for some application materials;and 3)clarifying the use of special quarantine permits,which are valid

66、for one use within the validity period and cannot be issued in batches.GACC is accepting public comments on the draft at before June 26,2024.Please refer to GACC Notification to Optimize the Approval of Special Quarantine Permit on the Entry Animal and Plant(link in Chinese)for more information on t

67、he draft proposal.Revised Draft General Directive for Labeling of Agricultural Seeds Published On January 4,2024 MARA published a revised General Directive for Labeling of Agricultural Seeds(Draft for Comments)(link in Chinese).The revised draft directive expands label content,requires a description

68、 of cultivation and uses,and clarifies label requirements for genetically modified(GM)seeds and imported seeds.The directive serves as a mandatory national standard and applies to all crop seeds sold in China.On February 12,2024,the PRC notified the revised draft General Directive for Labelling of A

69、gricultural Seeds to the WTO under G/TBT/N/CHN/1818.For an unofficial translation of the draft directive and analysis of updated language,please see GAIN report Revised Draft Directive for Labeling of Agricultural Seeds Published for Comments.GE Seed Cultivation and Production and Operation Licenses

70、 On December 26,2023,MARA announced the issuance of 26 GE corn and soybean seed production and operation licenses.However,even if a GE seed production and operation license is obtained,the approved GE corn and soybean varieties can only be planted in PRC approved areas,which will limit the scale of

71、planting in the near term.For more information on the GE corn and soybean seed production and operation licenses,please refer to GAIN report China Issued First Batch of Genetically Engineered Corn and Soybean Seed Production and Operation Licenses.11 Foreign Investment Prohibition The PRC prohibits

72、foreign direct investment in the biotech sector under the 2021 Special Administrative Measures on Access to Foreign Investment,which was released on December 27,2021.No new“Negative List”on investment has been released since then.Please see 2021 Plant Seeds Annual Report for more information on the

73、measures and Agricultural Biotechnology Annual 2023 for detailed information on Chinas biotechnology sector developments.Crop Seed Certification On September 6,2023,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and MARA jointly published the Implementation Opinions of SAMR and MARA on Carrying Out

74、 Crop Seed Certification(link in Chinese).The Opinions provide working mechanisms,implementation requirements,and supervision on crop seed certification.The Opinions indicate that seed certification in China is voluntary rather than mandatory;however,seed certification is encouraged through certain

75、incentives,such as reducing the frequency of supervision2 for certified seed companies and crop seed certification agencies.Additionally,certified companies are given priority when applying for relevant major research and project construction tasks.For an unofficial translation of the document and a

76、nalysis of updated language,please see GAIN report PRC Issues Final Implementation Opinions for Crop Seed Certification.WTO Notified Quarantine Measures for Imported Plant Propagation Materials On August 7,2023,the PRC notified Measures for the Quarantine Administration of Imported Plant Propagation

77、 Materials(Revised Version)to the WTO under G/SPS/N/CHN/1282.According to the notification,“Based on the actual situation of quarantine supervision work in recent years,the management measures have made further detailed regulations on the quarantine approval of imported plant propagation materials,p

78、ort quarantine,post-entry quarantine and other related matters,but no new requirements have been put forward for overseas related parties.”According to the PRC interpretation(link in Chinese)on the Measures,one of the key reasons for updating the measures is to align requirements with the Biosafety

79、Law with regards to designated ports of entry and risk assessment.For an unofficial translation of the notified measures and a comparison of the current version of the revised edition,please refer to GAIN report WTO Notified Measures for Plant Propagation Materials.WTO Notified Revised Draft Seed St

80、andards On January 5,2024,the PRC notified a National Standard for Quality Grading of Gramineous Seed(link in Chinese)to the WTO under G/TBT/N/CHN/1786.According to the notification,the updated draft national standard applies to products covered by HS codes 100310(Barley seed for sowing),100410(Oat

81、seed for sowing),120923(Fescue seed for sowing),120924(Kentucky blue grass seed for sowing),and 120925(Rye grass seed for sowing),among other forage/turf and related gramineous plant seeds.For an unofficial translation of the standard and analysis of updated language,please refer to GAIN report WTO

82、Notified Quality Grading Standard for Gramineous Seeds.2 Although“supervision”is not defined in the Opinions,Post generally understands this to mean the frequency of audits,inspections or other reporting required to maintain certification status.12 On February 12,2024,the PRC notified National Stand

83、ards for Seed of Food Crops-Part 1:Cereals(Draft for Comments)(link in Chinese)to the WTO under G/TBT/N/CHN/1817.According to the notification,the updated draft national standard applies to products covered by HS codes 100191(wheat seed for sowing),1003(barley seed for sowing),100410(oat seed for so

84、wing),100510(corn seed for sowing),100610(rice seed for sowing),100710(sorghum seed for sowing),and 120929(beet seed and other feed plant seed for sowing).For an unofficial translation of the standard and analysis of updated language,please refer to GAIN report Revised Draft Cereals Seed Standards N

85、otified.On February 12,2024,the PRC notified the National Standards for Seed of Economic Crops-Part 2:Oil Species(Draft for Comments)(link in Chinese)to the WTO under G/TBT/N/CHN/1819.According to the notification,the updated draft national standard applies to products covered by HS codes 120230(pea

86、nut seed for sowing),1204(flax seed for sowing),120590(rapeseed for sowing),120740(sesame seed for sowing),and 120930(herbaceous plants seed for sowing).For an unofficial translation of the standard and analysis of updated language,please refer to GAIN report Revised Draft Oil Seed Standard Notified

87、.PVP Applications Maintain Rapid Growth In China,plant variety protection(PVP)approval must meet the following three conditions:1.The plant shall belong to the genus or species of plants listed in the National Catalogue of Protected Plant Varieties;2.The variety has novelty,distinctness,uniformity,a

88、nd stability;and,3.The variety has an appropriate name and can be distinguished from the name of a known variety of the same or similar plant genus or species.The PRCs annual PVP applications have been the highest among International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties(UPOV)members since

89、 2017.According to a February 2024 MARA report,the PRC received nearly 77,000 PVP applications and granted over 30,000 approvals as of the end of 2023.In 2023 alone,the PVP Office received 14,278 applications and granted 8,385 approvals,representing a 27 percent and 148 percent increase,respectively

90、,from 2022.The substantial growth in approvals in 2023,in part,reflects a clearing of a backlog of PVP applications that increased in volume since 2018 and were delayed due to PRC zero-COVID policies(see Figure 2).According to the report,average approval time for approval shortened to 2-3 years in 2

91、023 from 4-5 years in recent years past.On December 24,2021,the PRC published an amended Seed Law of the Peoples Republic of China.The amended Seed Law(see GAIN Report CH2021-0185 Final Seed Law Published),effective on March 1,2022,established an essentially derived varieties(EDV)that establishes a

92、benefit sharing mechanism between the owner of the original variety and the owner of the derived variety and encourages the breeding of initial varieties by strengthening the protection of legal rights and interests of owners of new plant varieties.On November 21,2022,MARA released a revised draft f

93、or comments of PRC Plant Variety Protection(PVP)Regulations.The draft regulation incorporates the implementation steps and methods of the EDV system.The final version of the PVP Regulation has not been published as of May 2024.For an unofficial translation of the article-by-article comparison betwee

94、n the 13 revised draft and the existing regulations,please see GAIN Report CH2022-0127 China Releases Plant Variety Protection Regulations for Comments.Figure 5.China:PVP Applications and Approvals(2000-2023)Source:MARA IV.Marketing General Seed Market Information China,the second largest seed marke

95、t in the world behind the United States,annually plants 12 MMT of seed,valued at$18.5 billion3.According to MARAs 2023 Crop Seed Industry Development Report,seed usage of seven key crops(corn,rice,wheat,soybean,cotton,potato,and rapeseed)was approximately 10 MMT,valued at$14 billion.Commercial seed

96、accounts for 72 percent of seed usage for above mentioned seven major crops with the remainder farm-saved seed from previous harvests.3 Based on the 2023 Seed Report estimate Chinas seed market value at 133 billion yuan.The exchange rate is 1 US dollar=7.2 yuan.14 Figure 6.Market Share of Commercial

97、 Seeds by Crop(2022)Source:2023 Crop Seed Industry Development Report According to the 2023 Seed Report,different trends in seed usage have emerged.Seed corn usage declined,from 28.65 kilograms per hectare(kg/ha)in 2017 to 27.15 kg/ha in 2022,mainly due to precision planting technology;while hybrid

98、rice seed increased from the 16.8 kg/ha in 2017 to 17.85 kg/ha in 2022,mainly due to increased use of mechanized rice planting.Wheat seed increased from 187.4 kg/ha in 2017 to 208 kg/ha in 2022,mainly due to increased seeding density.Seed Trade Certification Requirements Seed products trade should b

99、e accompanied by required certificates/permits issued by the relevant competent authority.Table 4 below provides certification requirements for U.S.seed exports to China.For additional information,please see GAIN report FAIRS Export Certificate Report Annual 2024.Table 4.China:Certification Requirem

100、ents for U.S.Seed Product Exports Certification Attestation Required Quarantine Inspection Permit(QIP)Information regarding the content,volume,and physical characteristics of the shipment Certificate of Origin Certifies origin of wood and wood product imports APHIS Phytosanitary Certificate Certifie

101、s product is free of quarantine pests Agricultural biotech products:MARA import permit Permits the importation of crops of agricultural biotechnology;each permit is valid for each shipment and for a period of six months.0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%100%100%66%72%78%99%100%51%15 Tariffs on U.S.Or

102、igin Seeds China imposed retaliatory tariffs on planting seeds on September 1,2019.However,the tariff does not apply to most grass seeds,which combined accounted for over 95 percent of total seed imports from the United States by value in MY2022/23.For seeds subject to the tariffs,importers may appl

103、y for tariff exclusions.For information on the procedures for importers to apply for tariff exclusions on specific products see USDA GAIN report CH2020-0017.Table 5.China:Schedule of Tariffs on U.S.Planting Seeds HS Code Product Description MFN*Rate Section 232 Retaliatory Section 301 Retaliatory*To

104、tal Applied Tariff Implementation Date Jan 1,2022 Apr 2,2018 Feb.14,2020 Feb.14,2020 10021000 Rye Seed 0%0%5%5%10031000 Barley Seed 0%0%5%5%10041000 Oats Seed 0%0%5%5%10071000 Grain Sorghum Seed 0%0%5%5%10089010 Other Cereals Seed 0%0%5%5%12011000 Soya Beans for Cultivation 0%0%5%5%12023000 Ground n

105、uts,for cultivation 0%0%5%5%12072100 Cotton seeds,for cultivation 0%0%5%5%12091000 Sugar beet seed 0%0%5%5%12092990 Other forage seeds 0%0%5%5%Source:China Customs*Eligible for 301 retaliatory tariff exclusion.Conferences and Events:2024 Asian Seed Congress City:Sanya,Hainan province Date:December 2

106、-6,2024 https:/web.apsaseed.org/asc2024 The Asian Seed Congress is the largest and most significant seed industry event in the world.The 29th Asian Seed Congress will be held at the Mangrove Tree Resort World Convention Center in Sanya,Hainan,China from December 2-6,2024.This Congress is organized b

107、y the Asia&Pacific Seed Alliance(APSA)and the China National Seed Trade Association(CNSTA)as the official National Organizing Committee,in collaboration with the Sanya Government and Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(ZBSTC).16 China Seed Congress City:Sanya,Hainan province Date:March 23-26,2025

108、 https:/ Seed Congress is one of the most influential seed industry events in China,with more than 2,000 guests attending each year.Speakers include senior government officials,senior industry experts,and corporate executives.The event includes dialogues and exchanges on Chinas seed industry policie

109、s,industry development,intellectual property protection,breeding and cultivation and other topics.The event also features an exhibition area to display new varieties,new technologies and new achievements of grains,vegetables,and other products from various regions of the country.China International

110、Seed Industry Expo and National Seed Information Exchange and Commodity Trading Fair City:Fuzhou,Fujian province Date:October 2024 https:/ The China International Seed Industry Expo is hosted by the Agricultural Trade Promotion Center of MARA and the Agricultural Industry Branch of the China Council

111、 for the Promotion of International Trade.The event promotes exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign agriculture and seed industries,the application of new concepts,new varieties,and new technologies.Focus is given to Chinas seed industry and its innovation and development capabilities

112、 and international competitiveness.The National Agricultural Technology Center will release supply and demand forecasts for major seeds(hybrid corn and hybrid rice)at this event.17 Contacts:USDA Office of Agricultural Affairs,U.S.Embassy,Beijing,China Tel:(86 10)85313600 Fax:(86 10)85313636 Email:Ag

113、beijingusda.gov USDA Agricultural Trade Office,U.S.Embassy,Beijing,China Tel:(86 10)85313600 Fax:(86 10)85313974 Email:ATObeijingstate.gov USDA Agricultural Trade Office,U.S.Consulate,Shanghai,China Tel:(86 21)62798622 Fax:(86 21)62798336 Email:ATOShanghaifas.usda.gov USDA Agricultural Trade Office,

114、U.S.Consulate,Guangzhou,China Tel:(86-20)38145000 Fax:(86-20)38145310 Email:GuangzhouATOStaffstate.gov USDA Agricultural Trade Office,U.S.Consulate,Shenyang,China Tel:(86-24)23181380 Fax:(86-24)23181332 Email:ShenyangATOstate.gov USDA APHIS,U.S.Embassy,Beijing,China Tel:(86-10)8531-3030 Fax:(86-10)8531-3033 Email:IS.Beijing.China.Staffaphis.usda.gov American Seed Trade Association Email:infobetterseed.org CropLife Asia China Seed Association Email: China Seed Trade Association Email: Attachments:No Attachments.