1、2024World Steel in FiguresAs you are reading this you are likely to be in your office or working at a desk in your home.Take a moment to look around you.Its probably the case that everything and I am not exaggerating everything that you can see,from the chair you are sitting on to the computer you a

2、re using to read this,either contains steel or was produced using a process that required steel.Steel is everywhere in our lives,and for good reason.It has built the modern world and will be equally indispensable to the world as it moves forward.World Steel in Figures provides a fascinating snapshot

3、 of the dynamics of todays steel industry,including everything from production and production processes,to demand,trade,safety and more.With the steel industry being responsible for between 7 and 9%of global CO2 emissions,the attention that the industry is receiving at present is focused on our envi

4、ronmental performance.Developing a global response to the environmental challenge is one of worldsteels key focus areas,and one which I take the opportunity to highlight here.Our Sustainability Indicators collect data from our members all over the world to assess the industrys current performance an

5、d measure our progress.CO2 emissions,as well as the other issues measured by the indicators,fully commits the industry to reporting transparently with a view to highlighting the sustainable transition of steel production.I do hope that you find World Steel in Figures and the details of our Sustainab

6、ility Indicators of interest.Please dont hesitate to contact us via worldsteel.org/about-us/our-people/with any questions or comments.Best wishes,ForewordDr Edwin Basson Director GeneralFor terminology definitions,please refer to our glossary at worldsteel.org/about-steel/glossary.For details on the

7、 notation used in this publication,please refer to page 31.Data finalised:27 May 2024INTRODUCTIONForewordSustainability Indicators of the steel industry HighlightsCRUDE STEEL PRODUCTIONWorld crude steel production,1950 to 2023Top steel-producing companies,2023Major steel-producing countries,2022 and

8、 2023Crude steel production by process,2023Continuously-cast steel output,2021 to 2023Monthly crude steel production,2020 to 2023STEEL USESteel production and use:geographical distribution,2013Steel production and use:geographical distribution,2023Apparent steel use,2019 to 2023Apparent steel use pe

9、r capita,2019 to 2023RAW MATERIALSPig iron,2022 and 2023Direct reduced iron production,2019 to 2023Iron ore,2022World iron ore trade by area,2023Trade in ferrous scrap,2022 and 2023World trade in ferrous scrap by area,2023TRADEWorld trade in steel products,1975 to 2023World volume of trade,2000 to 2

10、023World steel exports by product,2019 to 2023World steel trade by area,2023Major importers and exporters of steel,2023INDIRECT TRADEIndirect trade in steel,2000 to 2019Major indirect importers and exporters of steel,2019True steel use,2015 to 2019Apparent and true steel use per capita,2019STEEL MAR

11、KETSSteel use by sector,2023345789622324242526272828292930Contents23Sustainability Indicators of the steel industryIn 2022,1.91 tonnes of CO2 were emitted per tonne of crude steel cast.In 2023,the number of injuries per million hours worked was 0.76 for employees and contractor

12、s combined.In 2022,employees in the steel industry received 7.78 days training/year.In 2022,96.15%of employees and contractors worked in EMS-registered facilities.In 2022,20.99 GJ of energy were consumed per tonne of crude steel cast.In 2022,the steel industry invested 6.29%of its revenue in new pro

13、ducts and processes.In 2022,the steel industry distributed 96.57%of its revenue to society.In 2022,97.65%of steel industry raw materials were converted into steel products or co-products.1.CO2 emissions intensity5.Lost time injury frequency rate(LTIFR)6.Employee training4.Environmental Management Sy

14、stems(EMS)2.Energy intensity7.Investment in new processes and products8.Economic Value Distributed(EVD)3.Material efficiencyEnvironmental performanceEconomic performanceSocial performanceIn 2023,94 steel companies and associations contributed to the Sustainability Indicators data collection.Crude st

15、eel produced by companies that reported on one or more indicators for fiscal year 2022 was 990.2 million tonnes,representing 53%of global crude steel production.77 organisations voluntarily provided data for one or more of the 8 indicators,41 of which provided data for all 8 indicators.Notes:Indicat

16、ors 1 and 2:CO2 emissions intensity and energy intensity are calculated with the worldsteel CO2 data collection methodology,which includes all scopes(1,2,and some scope 3).The two intensities represent production weighted averages between blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace(BF-BOF),scrap-based electr

17、ic arc furnace(EAF)and direct reduced iron(DRI)-based EAF steel production.See page 6 for details.Indicator 3:Only solid and liquid residues are included in this calculation,and process gases are not included.Indicator 5:Lost time injury frequency rate includes fatalities and is calculated based on

18、figures including contractors and employees.Indicator 6:Employee training includes production and non-production facilities.Indicator 7:Investment in new processes and products includes capital expenditure and R&D investment.To find out more:Sustainability Indicators report 2023 worldsteel.org/steel

19、-topics/sustainability/sustainability-indicators-2023-report Safety and Health 2024:Data report worldsteel.org/steel-topics/safety-and-health/safety-and-health-in-the-steel-industry-data-report-202445HighlightsApparent steel use per capitaCrude steel production by processCrude steel production 2000-

20、2023YearsWorld1950 1891955 2701960 3471965 4561970 5951975 6441980 7171985 7191990 770YearsWorld20161 63520171 73920181 83120191 88020201 88520211 96320221 89020231 8920200400600800000020102020million tonnes,crude steel productionmillion tonnes,crude steel

21、 production Average growth rates%per annumYearsWorld-------202020-237.45.15.65.51.62.20.11.4-0.52.56.24.62.53.00.4YearsWorld1995 7532000 85020051 14820101 43520111 54020121 56320131 65420141 67620151 627World cr

22、ude steel production 1950 to 2023Steel production has been stable since 2020.Globally,219 kg of steel was used in new products per person in 2023.USA80.54Japan89.23India125.32China1 018.01Trkiye35.18Brazil34.19Germany36.87South Korea65.86Russia71.55Mexico18.114Taiwan,China20.812Italy21.611Iran30.610

23、Eygpt9.820Malaysia10.019Canada12.117Spain11.518Indonesia15.615Viet Nam20.013Top 20 steel-producing countries 2022(million tonnes)France12.116Egypt100.3Venezuela3.7South Africa73.1Brazil109.0Oceania162.2Mexico194.8USA279.4Canada351.6Trkiye359.8China645.8Japan443.6Taiwan,China728.2South Korea988.0Arge

24、ntina112.0Iran215.4Russia288.3India81.1Netherlands295.8Poland332.5Sweden335.5United Kingdom136.3France156.2Spain261.6Belgium-Luxbrg283.3Italy421.9Austria476.3Germany379.0Ukraine54.7Czechia631.1Romania194.8APPARENT STEEL USE(FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTS)CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTIONWorld total:1 563 million tonn

25、es2022201220122022Others comprise:Africa 1.0%Middle East 1.6%South America 3.0%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Others comprise:Africa 2.3%Middle East 2.9%South America 2.3%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Others comprise:Africa 2.3%Middle East 3.5%South America 3.2%Australia and New Zealand 0.5%World tot

26、al:1 445 million tonnesWorld total:1 781 million tonnesWorld total:1 885 million tonnesOthers comprise:Africa 1.1%Middle East 2.7%South America 2.3%Australia and New Zealand 0.3%EU(27)7.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.6%NorthAmerica5.9%China54.0%Japan4.7%Other Asia8.1%Others6.4%Other Europe2.4%EU(27)10.

27、2%Other Europe3.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine7.1%NorthAmerica7.8%China46.8%India4.9%Japan6.9%Other Asia7.3%Others6.0%India6.6%EU(27)8.0%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.0%NorthAmerica7.7%China51.7%India6.4%Japan3.1%OtherAsia9.5%Others7.9%Other Europe2.7%EU(27)9.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.1%NorthAmerica9.

28、4%China45.7%India5.0%Japan4.4%OtherAsia9.8%Others9.5%Other Europe3.0%World crude steel production 1950 to 2022(million tonnes)World Steel in Figures 2024Apparent steel use(consumption)per capita 2022(kilograms)1 8851 9631 8901 8928501 1481 4351 627202020200200520102015219 kgShare of BOF s

29、teel in global production71.1%Average BF-BOF CO2 intensity2.33Share of EAF steel in global production28.6%Average DRI-EAF CO2 intensityAverage scrap-EAF CO2 intensity1.370.68In tonnes CO2 per tonnes of crude steel cast,based on 2022 calculation.67million tonnes,crude steel productionmillion tonnes,c

30、rude steel productionRankCompany TonnageRankCompanyTonnage1China Baowu Group 1130.7726Techint Group14.822ArcelorMittal 268.5227Jingye Group14.513Ansteel Group 355.8928NLMK14.244Nippon Steel Corporation 443.6629CITIC Pacific14.175HBIS Group41.3430Sinogiant Group13.636Shagang Group40.5431Shenglong Met

31、allurgical13.127POSCO Holdings38.4432MMK12.998Jianlong Group 536.9933Gerdau S.A.12.749Shougang Group33.5834China Steel Corporation12.5810Tata Steel Group29.5035Anyang Steel12.3411Delong Steel 628.2636Zenith Steel11.9212JSW Steel Limited26.1537Shaanxi Steel11.8613JFE Steel Corporation25.0938Severstal

32、11.2714Hunan Steel Group 724.8039Sanming Steel11.2415Nucor Corporation21.2040Nanjing Steel11.0016Fangda Steel19.5641thyssenkrupp10.3517Shandong Steel Group19.4542Mobarakeh Steel Company 10.3318Hyundai Steel19.2443Steel Dynamics,Inc.10.3219SAIL19.1844EVRAZ10.0920Rizhao Steel18.6645Donghai Special Ste

33、el9.4321Liuzhou Steel18.6246Jiuquan Steel9.0122Cleveland-Cliffs17.2747Jindal Steel and Power Ltd7.9023Tsingshan Holding16.2848SSAB7.7824U.S.Steel15.7549Jinxi Steel7.5325Baotou Steel15.2050Jinnan Steel7.451 Including Xinyu Steel tonnage since 2022.Excluding Kunming Steel tonnage from 2023.2 Includes

34、60%AM/NS India(former Essar Steel)3 Including Benxi Steel tonnage since 20214 Includes NIPPON STEEL Stainless Steel Corporation,Sanyo Special Steel and Ovako,40%AM/NS India and 31.4%USIMINAS5 Including Eastern Steel tonnage since 20206 Including Dexin Steel tonnage since 2020 7 Former Valin GroupNot

35、es on company ownership and tonnage calculations:For worldsteel members,the data was sourced from their official tonnage declarations.For Chinese companies,the official CISA tonnage publication was used,unless especially noted.In case of more than 50%ownership,100%of the subsidiarys tonnage is inclu

36、ded,unless specified otherwise.In cases of 30%-50%ownership,pro-rata tonnage is included.Unless otherwise specified in the declaration,less than 30%ownership is considered a minority and therefore,not included.Figures represent ownership ending 31 December 2023.For an extended company listing,go to

37、https:/worldsteel.org/data/top-producers.e EstimateCountry20232022RankTonnageRankTonnageChina11019.111019.1India2140.82125.4Japan387.0389.2United States481.4480.5Russia576.0571.7South Korea666.7665.8Germany735.4736.9Trkiye833.7835.1Brazil931.8934.1Iran1031.01030.6Italy1121.11121.6Viet Nam1219.21320.

38、0Taiwan,China1319.11220.8Indonesia e1416.81515.6Mexico1516.21418.4Canada1612.21712.1Spain1711.41811.6Egypt1810.4209.8France1910.01612.1Saudi Arabia209.9199.9Malaysia e 217.5237.2Austria227.1217.5Poland236.4227.4Ukraine246.2256.3Belgium255.9247.0United Kingdom265.6286.0Bangladesh e275.5315.2Australia

39、285.5295.6Pakistan295.3276.0Thailand305.0305.3Argentina314.9325.1South Africa e 324.9344.4Netherlands334.7266.1Algeria344.4354.3Slovakia 354.4383.9Sweden364.3334.4Kazakhstan373.9374.1Finland383.8403.5United Arab Emirates393.8393.7Czechia403.4364.3Oman e 412.9422.9Iraq 422.8413.3Belarus e 432.3442.1P

40、ortugal442.0461.9Luxembourg451.9451.9Peru461.7471.8Philippines e 471.7491.6Romania481.6432.6Serbia491.5481.7Morocco501.4501.6Others21.621.3World1 892.21 890.2Top 50 steel-producing companies 2023Major steel-producing countries 2022 and 202389Million tonnesOxygen%Electric%Other%Total%Austria 7.1 90.7

41、 9.3-100.0Belgium e 5.9 69.3 30.7-100.0Bulgaria 0.5-100.0-100.0Croatia 0.2-100.0-100.0Czechia 3.4 95.6 4.4-100.0Finland 3.8 62.0 38.0-100.0France 10.0 59.2 40.8-100.0Germany 35.4 72.3 27.7-100.0Greece 1.2-100.0-100.0Hungary 0.5 52.3 47.7-100.0Italy e 21.1 14.2 85.8-100.0Luxembourg 1.9-100.0-100.0Net

42、herlands 4.7 100.0-100.0Poland 6.4 48.8 51.2-100.0Portugal 2.0-100.0-100.0Romania e 1.6 53.2 46.8-100.0Slovakia e 4.4 90.0 10.0-100.0Slovenia 0.5-100.0-100.0Spain 11.4 28.1 71.9-100.0Sweden 4.3 68.6 31.4-100.0European Union(27)126.3 55.2 44.8-100.0Trkiye 33.7 28.4 71.6-100.0United Kingdom 5.6 79.6 2

43、0.4-100.0Others e 4.3 41.0 59.0-100.0Other Europe 43.6 36.2 63.8-100.0Russia e 76.0 65.1 32.0 2.9 100.0Ukraine 6.2 48.1 12.3 39.6 100.0Other CIS e 8.2 46.9 51.6 1.6 100.0Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 90.5 62.2 32.4 5.3 100.0Canada 12.2 58.2 41.8-100.0Mexico 16.2 6.6 93.4-100.0United States e 81.4 31.7 68

44、.3-100.0Other North America e 0.5-100.0-100.0North America 110.2 30.8 69.2-100.0Argentina 4.9 42.9 57.1-100.0Brazil 31.8 76.2 22.5 1.3 100.0Chile 1.2 61.5 38.5-100.0Venezuela 0.0-100.0-100.0Other South America e 3.6 6.8 93.2-100.0South America 41.6 65.7 33.3 1.0 100.0Egypt 10.4-100.0-100.0South Afri

45、ca e 4.9 56.8 43.2-100.0Other Africa e 9.0 4.4 95.5 0.1 100.0Africa 24.2 13.1 86.9 0.0 100.0Iran e 31.0 7.9 92.1-100.0Saudi Arabia 9.9-100.0-100.0Other Middle East e 13.5-100.0-100.0Middle East 54.5 4.5 95.5-100.0China e1 019.1 90.1 9.9-100.0India 140.8 43.6 56.4-100.0Japan 87.0 73.8 26.2-100.0South

46、 Korea 66.7 70.5 29.5-100.0Taiwan,China 19.1 59.2 40.8-100.0Other Asia e 62.6 48.8 51.2-100.0Asia1 395.2 81.2 18.8-100.0Australia 5.5 73.2 26.8-100.0New Zealand 0.6 100.0-100.0Total of above countries1 892.2 71.1 28.6 0.3 100.0Million tonnes%Crude steel output2022120222023Austria e 7.6 7.

47、2 6.9 96.4 96.4 96.7Belgium 6.9 7.0 5.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Bulgaria 0.5 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0Croatia 0.2 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0Czechia 4.7 4.2 3.3 96.5 97.5 97.7Finland 4.3 3.5 3.8 99.6 99.5 99.5France e 13.6 11.8 9.7 97.5 97.5 97.0Germany e 39.2 35.9 34.5 97.5 97.5 97.4Greece 1.5 1.5 1.2 100.0

48、 100.0 100.0Hungary 1.1 0.9 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0Italy e 23.2 20.5 20.0 95.2 94.9 95.0Luxembourg 2.1 1.9 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Netherlands 6.6 6.1 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0Poland 8.3 7.3 6.3 98.4 98.3 98.4Portugal 2.0 1.9 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Romania e 3.3 2.6 1.6 97.8 97.3 96.5Slovakia 4.9 3.9 4.4 100.0

49、 100.0 100.0Slovenia 0.5 0.5 0.4 81.6 80.9 79.5Spain 14.0 11.4 11.3 98.6 98.2 98.9Sweden 1 e 4.1 3.9 3.9 87.2 87.5 91.6European Union(27)148.6 132.6 122.9 97.3 97.2 97.3Trkiye 40.4 35.1 33.7 100.0 100.0 100.0United Kingdom 7.2 5.9 5.6 99.5 99.5 99.3Others e 4.7 4.7 4.3 99.9 105.0 99.9Other Europe 52

50、.2 45.8 43.5 99.9 100.4 99.9Russia e 49.6 47.5 49.0 64.4 66.1 64.4Ukraine 14.1 4.7 3.7 66.2 75.2 59.2Other CIS e 9.0 8.2 8.1 99.3 99.4 99.2Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 72.7 60.4 60.8 67.7 70.0 67.2Canada 10.1 10.9 11.0 78.1 90.2 90.1Mexico 18.5 18.4 16.2 100.0 100.0 100.0United States 85.6 80.3 81.1 99.

51、8 99.7 99.7Other North America e 0.6 0.6 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0North America 114.8 110.2 108.8 97.4 98.7 98.7Argentina 4.9 5.1 4.9 99.7 99.7 99.7Brazil 35.3 33.3 31.3 97.8 97.6 98.4Chile 1.3 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0Venezuela 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Other South America e 3.3 3.7 3.6 100.0 100.0

52、100.0South America 44.8 43.2 41.0 98.2 98.1 98.7Egypt 10.3 9.8 10.4 100.0 100.0 100.0South Africa 5.0 4.4 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Other Africa e 7.5 8.8 9.0 99.9 99.9 99.9Africa 22.8 23.0 24.2 100.0 100.0 100.0Iran 28.3 30.6 31.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Saudi Arabia 8.7 9.9 9.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Other Middle E

53、ast e 12.7 13.8 13.5 99.6 100.0 100.0Middle East 49.7 54.2 54.5 99.9 100.0 100.0China e1 019.01 002.91 002.9 98.4 98.4 98.4India 110.2 117.8 132.1 93.2 93.9 93.9Japan e 95.4 88.4 86.2 99.0 99.0 99.1South Korea 69.4 64.7 65.4 98.6 98.2 98.1Taiwan,China 23.1 20.8 19.1 99.6 100.0 100.0Other Asia e 63.6

54、 61.9 61.9 99.0 98.9 98.9Asia1 380.71 356.41 367.7 98.1 98.1 98.0Australia 5.8 5.6 5.5 100.0 100.0 100.0New Zealand 0.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0 100.0Total of above countries1 892.91 831.91 829.6 96.4 96.9 96.7Crude steel production by process 2023Continuously-cast steel output2021 to 2023The countries i

55、n this table accounted for approximately 100%of world crude steel production in 2023.e EstimateThe countries in this table accounted for approximately 100%of world crude steel production in 2023.e Estimate1 Continuously-cast steel includes steel powders1011deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalise

56、d dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data202020200180deseasonalised dataactual data8902020289020202120222023North Americamillion tonnesdeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised

57、 dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data202020200180deseasonalised dataactual data8902020289020202202021202220232.02.53.03.54.04.5South Americadeseasonalised dataactual

58、 datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data202020200180deseasonalised dataactual data89020202890202022020220202

59、202021202220232.02.53.03.54.04.5567896070809002120222023Japandeseasonalised dataactual data2020202708090100110China*The 71 reporting countries:Algeria,Argentina,Australia,Austria,Bahrain,Belarus,Belgium,Brazil,Bulgaria,Canada,Chile,China,Colombia,Croatia,Cuba,Czechia

60、,Ecuador,Egypt,El Salvador,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Guatemala,Hungary,India,Iran,Iraq,Italy,Japan,Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kuwait,Libya,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Mexico,Mongolia,Morocco,Netherlands,New Zealand,Norway,Oman,Pakistan,Paraguay,Peru,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia,Saudi Arabia,Serbia,Slova

61、kia,Slovenia,South Africa,South Korea,Spain,Sweden,Taiwan,China,Thailand,Tunisia,Trkiye,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,United States,Uruguay,Venezuela,Viet Nam,YemenIn 2023,these 71 countries accounted for approximately 98%of world crude steel production.deseasonalised dataactual datade

62、seasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data202020200180deseasonalised dataactual data890202028902020220202202021202220

63、2320202021202220232.02.53.03.54.04.5567896070809002120222023Total 71 reporting countries*deseasonalised dataactual data89020202890202022020220202202021202220232.02.53.03.54.04.5567896070809002120222023European Un

64、ion(27)deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data202020200180deseasonalised dataactual data8902020289022202

65、3Russia and other CIS(2)+Ukrainemillion tonnesMonthly crude steel production 2020 to 20231213Others comprise:Africa 1.3%Middle East 2.9%South America 2.2%Australia and New Zealand 0.3%Others comprise:Africa 2.0%Middle East 3.1%South America 2.3%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Others comprise:Africa 1.

66、0%Middle East 1.7%EU(27)9.3%Other Europe3.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine6.6%North America7.2%China49.7%India4.9%Japan6.7%Other Asia6.7%Others5.8%EU(27)6.7%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.8%NorthAmerica5.8%China53.9%Japan4.6%Other Asia7.8%Others6.7%Other Europe2.3%India7.4%EU(27)7.2%Russia and other CIS+Ukrain

67、e3.2%NorthAmerica7.7%China50.8%India7.6%OtherAsia9.6%Others7.8%Other Europe3.0%Japan3.0%EU(27)8.6%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine3.9%NorthAmerica8.7%China48.0%India4.8%Japan4.2%OtherAsia9.5%Others9.3%Other Europe3.0%EU(27)9.3%Other Europe3.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine6.6%North America7.2%China49.7%India4.9%J

68、apan6.7%Other Asia6.7%Others5.8%EU(27)6.7%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.8%NorthAmerica5.8%China53.9%Japan4.6%Other Asia7.8%Others6.7%Other Europe2.3%India7.4%EU(27)7.2%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.2%NorthAmerica7.7%China50.8%India7.6%OtherAsia9.6%Others7.8%Other Europe3.0%Japan3.0%EU(27)8.6%Russia&othe

69、r CIS+Ukraine3.9%NorthAmerica8.7%China48.0%India4.8%Japan4.2%OtherAsia9.5%Others9.3%Other Europe3.0%EU(27)6.7%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.8%NorthAmerica5.8%China53.9%Japan4.6%Other Asia7.8%Others6.7%Other Europe2.3%India7.4%EU(27)7.2%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.2%NorthAmerica7.7%China50.8%India7.6%O

70、therAsia9.6%Others7.8%Other Europe3.0%Japan3.0%EU(27)8.6%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine3.9%NorthAmerica8.7%China48.0%India4.8%Japan4.2%OtherAsia9.5%Others9.3%Other Europe3.0%EU(27)7.2%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.2%NorthAmerica7.7%China50.8%India7.6%OtherAsia9.6%Others7.8%Other Europe3.0%Japan3.0%EU(27)8

71、.6%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine3.9%NorthAmerica8.7%China48.0%India4.8%Japan4.2%OtherAsia9.5%Others9.3%Other Europe3.0%Apparent steel use(finished steel products)World total:1545 million tonnesApparent steel use(finished steel products)World total:1763 million tonnesCrude steel productionWorld total:1654

72、 million tonnesCrude steel productionWorld total:1892 million tonnesSouth America 2.8%Australia and New Zealand 0.3%Others comprise:Africa 2.4%Middle East 3.4%South America 3.1%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Steel production and use:geographical distribution,2013Steel production and use:geographical

73、distribution,2023CrudesteelFinishedsteelCrudesteelFinishedsteel1415kilograms,finished steel products200222023Austria 4.0 3.6 4.5 4.1 3.2Belgium-Luxembourg 3.4 3.0 4.8 4.5 2.7Czechia 6.7 6.3 7.9 6.6 5.6France 14.6 12.2 13.8 11.8 10.0Germany 35.1 31.3 35.5 32.5 28.0Italy 25.1 20.4 26.5 25.1

74、 23.5Netherlands 4.6 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.6Poland 13.6 12.9 15.3 13.2 11.8Romania 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1Spain 13.2 11.7 13.0 12.5 12.7Sweden 3.8 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.3Other EU(27)19.1 18.0 19.9 19.6 18.2European Union(27)147.8 130.9 154.1 142.6 127.6Trkiye 26.1 29.5 33.4 32.5 38.1United Kingdom 10.2 8.4 11.0 9.4 9.1

75、Others 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.2Other Europe 43.1 44.3 51.2 48.4 53.4Russia 43.5 42.3 43.9 41.7 44.6Ukraine 4.7 4.6 4.8 2.2 3.4Other CIS 10.1 10.7 10.0 7.7 8.1Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 58.3 57.6 58.7 51.6 56.1Canada 13.0 13.7 14.5 13.5 12.7Mexico 24.4 21.9 25.5 25.0 28.5United States 97.7 80.0 97.1 94.5 90

76、.5Other North America 4.5 3.6 4.8 4.1 4.5North America 139.5 119.2 141.8 137.1 136.3Argentina 3.9 3.6 5.0 5.1 5.0Brazil 21.0 21.4 26.3 23.5 23.9Venezuela 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Other South America 12.6 10.3 14.6 12.4 12.1South America 37.6 35.4 46.1 41.2 41.1Egypt 10.4 9.7 10.2 11.1 9.3South Africa 4.8

77、3.8 5.0 4.3 4.5Other Africa 26.0 23.2 24.0 20.2 21.2Africa 41.1 36.7 39.2 35.6 35.0Iran 18.5 17.2 18.2 19.1 19.5Other Middle East 32.5 30.9 33.4 36.1 35.4Middle East 51.0 48.1 51.6 55.1 54.9China 911.91 008.7 954.4 926.7 895.7India 102.6 89.3 106.2 116.1 133.4Japan 63.2 52.6 57.4 55.0 53.3South Kore

78、a 53.2 49.2 56.0 51.3 54.7Taiwan,China 17.6 18.8 21.1 17.7 17.4Other Asia 105.7 93.5 98.5 97.2 97.1Asia1 254.31 312.21 293.71 264.11 251.6Oceania 6.6 6.1 7.3 7.3 6.9World1 779.31 790.41 843.71 783.01 763.0200222023Austria 448.2 409.7 504.0 459.0 356.5Belgium-Luxembourg 281.3 243.7 392.8 3

79、62.7 219.4Czechia 637.1 599.2 754.2 631.1 534.1France 226.1 189.4 213.7 183.3 153.7Germany 422.6 376.1 425.7 389.7 336.5Italy 419.8 343.1 447.3 425.8 399.6Netherlands 265.8 237.6 269.9 275.0 260.5Poland 354.2 336.0 398.3 332.4 287.5Romania 232.5 212.2 226.0 217.9 206.5Spain 280.9 246.8 274.0 262.8 2

80、66.2Sweden 370.1 302.3 361.2 330.4 308.2Other EU(27)259.4 245.0 271.9 266.4 247.6European Union(27)332.0 293.9 346.1 318.7 284.3Trkiye 312.4 350.4 393.7 380.8 443.8United Kingdom 152.1 125.1 163.8 139.4 135.0Others 209.0 198.2 209.6 199.9 190.1Other Europe 235.4 241.2 277.5 261.2 287.0Russia 298.6 2

81、90.6 302.7 288.3 309.1Ukraine 105.3 104.8 109.4 55.1 92.0Other CIS 98.0 102.1 95.2 72.4 74.7Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 198.8 195.9 199.7 177.4 193.9Canada 345.8 361.4 379.2 351.6 328.0Mexico 195.3 173.6 201.2 195.9 221.8United States 292.1 238.3 288.1 279.4 266.3Other North America 47.7 37.9 49.9 42.7

82、 46.9North America 236.2 200.5 237.4 228.4 225.6Argentina 87.6 79.8 111.2 111.7 108.9Brazil 99.0 100.6 122.9 109.3 110.3Venezuela 4.5 3.2 3.4 5.6 6.7Other South America 88.3 70.8 100.0 83.9 81.2South America 87.9 82.0 106.2 94.2 93.5Egypt 98.0 90.2 93.4 100.3 82.6South Africa 81.8 63.8 84.2 72.0 74.

83、5Other Africa 22.4 19.5 19.6 16.1 16.5Africa 31.0 27.0 28.2 25.0 24.0Iran 213.6 197.1 207.4 215.4 219.2Other Middle East 179.2 167.3 178.6 189.6 182.3Middle East 190.3 176.9 187.8 197.8 193.9China 641.3 707.9 669.3 649.9 628.3India 74.2 64.0 75.5 82.0 93.4Japan 502.5 420.2 460.7 443.6 432.5South Kor

84、ea1 027.5 948.91 081.2 990.01 056.6Taiwan,China 740.8 788.9 886.1 741.0 725.9Other Asia 89.7 78.3 81.6 79.6 78.7Asia 299.7 311.3 305.0 296.5 291.9Oceania 152.5 139.8 164.1 162.3 151.8World229.2228.4233.2223.7219.3million tonnes,finished steel productsApparent steel use 2019 to 2023Apparent steel use

85、 per capita2019 to 20231617million tonnes200222023Germany 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2Sweden 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1European Union(27)0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3Russia 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8Canada 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.6Mexico 6.0 5.2 5.8 5.8 5.9Trinidad and Tobago 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4United States 3.2 3.4 5.0 5.2 5.

86、2North America 12.4 11.0 14.1 14.0 14.1Argentina 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.5Venezuela 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3South America 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.7Algeria 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.9 4.0Egypt 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0 7.2Kenya e 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3Libya 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.6South Africa e 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Zambia e 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Africa 7

87、.6 8.2 9.7 11.5 13.4Bahrain 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6Iran 28.5 30.8 31.6 32.9 33.4Oman 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8Qatar 2.4 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.7Saudi Arabia 5.8 5.2 6.1 6.7 6.8United Arab Emirates 3.7 3.0 3.7 3.4 3.6Middle East 43.6 42.8 45.4 47.9 49.0India 36.8 33.6 39.0 42.3 49.6Malaysia 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7Asia 37.5

88、 34.4 39.4 43.1 50.2World 111.8 106.3 119.2 126.2 136.5million tonnesProduction2022Production 2023-Exports 2023+Imports 2023Apparent=Consumption 2023Austria 5.8 5.5 0.0 0.0 5.5Belgium-Luxembourg 4.4 3.6 0.0 0.1 3.7Czechia 3.4 2.7 0.0 0.1 2.7Finland 1.9 2.2 0.0 0.0 2.2France 8.2 6.2 0.1 0.1 6.2German

89、y 23.9 23.6 0.2 0.2 23.6Hungary 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2Italy 3.5 3.1 0.0 1.6 4.6Netherlands 5.5 4.1 0.3 0.4 4.2Poland 3.1 2.7 0.1 0.2 2.8Romania 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6Spain 3.4 3.0 0.0 0.2 3.3Sweden 2.8 2.9 0.0 0.0 3.0Other EU(27)3.2 3.6 0.1 0.2 3.7European Union(27)70.9 64.1 0.9 3.2 66.4Trkiye 9.1 8.7 0.1

90、 1.4 10.0United Kingdom 4.8 4.5 0.0 0.0 4.5Others 1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.7Other Europe 15.8 15.0 0.1 1.4 16.3Kazakhstan 2.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 2.7Russia 51.6 54.6 3.4 0.0 51.2Ukraine 6.4 6.0 1.2 0.0 4.8Other CIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 60.9 63.3 4.7 0.0 58.7Canada 5.8 5.8 0.1 0.0 5.8Mexico 2

91、.5 1.0 0.0 0.2 1.2United States 20.0 20.6 0.0 4.4 25.0Other North America 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0North America 28.3 27.4 0.1 4.5 31.9Argentina 2.1 2.0 0.0 0.1 2.0Brazil 26.8 25.7 3.9 0.0 21.8Chile 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6Other South America 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.4South America 29.7 28.5 3.9 0.2 24.9South Africa

92、2.4 2.9 0.7 0.0 2.3Other Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Africa 2.7 3.2 0.7 0.1 2.7Iran 3.5 3.5 0.2 0.0 3.4Other Middle East 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Middle East 3.5 3.5 0.9 0.3 3.0China 863.8 871.0 0.0 0.4 871.4India 79.9 86.3 0.4 0.3 86.2Japan 64.1 63.0 0.1 0.0 63.0South Korea 42.7 45.2 0.1 0.3 45.4Taiwan,Chi

93、na 13.4 12.2 0.0 0.4 12.6Other Asia 20.6 21.9 0.2 0.6 22.3Asia1 084.6 1 099.7 0.8 2.1 1 100.9Australia 3.7 3.5 0.0 0.0 3.5New Zealand 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6Other Oceania-0.00.0Oceania 4.3 4.1 0.1 0.0 4.0World 1 300.7 1 309.0 12.1 11.9 1 308.7e Estimatee EstimatePig iron2022 and 2023Direct reduced iron

94、production 2019 to 2023 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e1819Production-Exports+Imports=ApparentconsumptionAustria 3.3 0.0 1.4 4.7Belgium-Luxembourg 0.0 0.2 7.4 7.2Czechia 0.0 0.0 4.9 4.9France 0.0 0.0 12.4 12.3Germany 0.8 1.5 37.5 36.8Italy 0.0 0.0 5.1 5.1Netherlands 0.0 18.4 25.7 7.3Pola

95、nd 0.0 0.1 4.9 4.8Romania 0.0 0.2 2.0 1.9Slovakia 0.0 0.0 4.9 4.8Spain 0.0 0.1 4.8 4.6Sweden 28.1 23.7 0.0 4.4Other EU(27)0.0 0.2 3.6 3.5European Union(27)32.2 44.3 114.4 102.3Bosnia-Herzegovina 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3Norway 1.7 1.8 0.0 0.0Trkiye 5.5 2.7 9.6 12.3United Kingdom 0.0 0.0 6.4 6.4Others 0.0 0.1

96、1.8 1.7Other Europe 8.5 4.6 17.7 21.7Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 174.8 44.1 0.0 130.7Canada 69.0 53.7 7.8 23.0Mexico 29.9 2.4 2.2 29.7United States 46.0 11.4 4.9 39.6Other North America 0.0 0.3 1.7 1.3North America 144.9 67.8 16.6 93.6Brazil 420.0 346.2 0.2 74.1Chile 17.1 16.2 0.3 1.3Peru 17.0 4.7 0.0

97、12.3Venezuela 2.4 0.9 0.0 1.5Other South America0.40.36.6 6.7South America 456.9 368.2 7.2 95.9Liberia 4.4 4.5 0.0-0.1Mauritania 14.0 12.0 0.0 2.0South Africa 66.3 58.3 0.0 8.0Other Africa 22.4 7.0 9.9 25.3Africa 107.1 81.8 9.9 35.2Middle East 57.5 15.4 31.7 73.9China 1 252.6 22.3 1 107.8 1 338.0Ind

98、ia 247.8 16.0 2.0 233.9Japan 0.0 0.0 104.2 104.2South Korea 1.1 0.3 66.4 67.2Other Asia 24.4 35.9 81.6 70.2Asia 526.0 74.5 1 362.1 1 813.5Australia 944.1 888.0 1.0 57.1New Zealand and Other Oceania 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.8Oceania 947.9 888.0 1.0 60.9World 2 455.7 1 588.8 1 560.7 2 427.7million tonnes,actual

99、weightmillion tonnesEuropean Union(27)Other EuropeRussia&other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastAsiaOceaniaTotal importsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(27)31.31.815.919.118.517.00.20.1103.872.5Other Europe3.60.31.22.36.82.01.2-17.317.1Russia&other CIS+Ukraine0

100、.00.00.0-0.0-0.00.0North America0.90.00.010.37.40.01.60.120.310.0South America0.00.0-0.39.10.00.10.810.31.1Africa and Middle East12.90.30.02.548.316.60.223.2104.187.5China2.51.116.318.7281.967.153.1739.51 180.31 127.2Japan0.0-0.17.832.84.10.057.5102.2102.2Other Asia1.90.20.110.024.06.842.680.0165.51

101、22.9Oceania0.00.0-0.31.00.00.01.21.2Total exports53.13.733.571.1428.9114.599.1901.11705.01 541.8of which:extra-regional exports*21.83.533.460.8419.898.03.4901.11 541.8Net exports(exports-imports)-50.7-13.633.450.8418.710.5-1 349.0899.9*Excluding intra-regional trade marked DestinationExporting regio

102、n1 Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average.Source:RMG ConsultingIron ore 2022World trade in iron ore by area 20232021ExportsImports2022202320222023Austria 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1Belgium 3.9 3.8 4.5 4.0Bulgaria 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2Czechia 2.2 2.5 0.5 0.4Finland 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.1France 6.3

103、 6.3 1.4 1.2Germany 7.2 7.5 4.2 3.2Greece 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.6Italy 0.8 0.9 5.2 5.8Netherlands 6.7 7.1 3.8 3.5Poland 2.2 2.6 0.8 0.9Slovakia 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.2Spain 0.9 0.7 3.0 3.1Sweden 1.4 1.8 0.2 0.2Other EU 8.3 8.4 5.6 5.4European Union(27)43.5 44.7 31.8 30.0Trkiye 0.2 0.2 21.1 18.8United Kingdom 8.2 7.

104、2 0.2 0.3Others 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0Other Europe 10.2 9.4 22.3 20.1Kazakhstan 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Russia 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.0Ukraine 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0Other CIS0.20.00.10.2Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.2Canada 4.7 4.8 1.1 0.8Mexico 0.8 1.0 2.9 2.8United States 17.5 16.3 4.7 5.1Other North America 1.0 1.0 0.0

105、 0.0North America 24.0 23.0 8.8 8.7Brazil 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.0Other South America 1.9 1.6 1.2 0.9South America 2.2 2.6 1.2 0.9South Africa 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0Other Africa 1.3 1.4 0.9 3.0Africa 1.8 1.5 0.9 3.0Middle East 3.6 3.2 0.6 0.6China 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5Japan 6.3 6.9 0.1 0.1South Korea 0.3 0.4 4.7 3.8Taiwa

106、n,China 0.1 0.1 2.9 3.4Other Asia 3.1 3.9 22.9 25.5Asia 9.8 11.3 31.1 33.3Oceania 2.4 2.2 0.2 0.1World 98.9 99.1 97.0 97.0million tonnesExporting regionDestinationEuropean Union(27)Other EuropeRussia&other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastChinaJapanOther AsiaOceaniaTotal im

107、portsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(27)25.52.70.30.50.20.2-0.01.20.0 30.55.0Other Europe12.01.50.54.40.71.1-0.00.3-20.418.9Russia&other CIS+Ukraine0.20.00.00.00.00.0-0.20.2North America0.80.10.08.50.00.0-0.0-0.70.08.70.2South America0.00.0-0.80.20.0-0.00.00.90.8Africa1.21.70.00.20.00.

108、20.0-0.20.03.53.3Middle East0.10.0-0.00.10.10.00.00.00.00.40.3China0.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.30.20.00.50.5Japan0.00.0-0.0-0.00.0-0.00.00.10.1Other Asia5.03.30.48.61.53.10.06.63.22.133.930.7Oceania0.00.0-0.00.0-0.00.00.00.0Total exports44.79.41.223.02.64.70.06.94.42.299.159.9of which:extra-region-al expor

109、ts*19.27.91.214.52.54.40.06.91.22.259.9Net exports(exports-imports)14.2-11.01.014.31.70.8-0.56.9-29.52.2*Excluding intra-regional trade marked million tonnesTrade in ferrous scrap2022 and 2023World trade in ferrous scrap by area 20232223200222023Ingots and semi-finished material 56.1 55.7

110、 61.1 44.6 53.2Railway track material 4.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.9Angles,shapes and sections 21.5 19.6 20.3 19.0 20.1Concrete re-inforcing bars 19.1 19.2 22.0 15.4 15.5Bars and rods,hot-rolled 15.2 12.8 15.3 12.7 12.2Wire rod 26.8 25.2 29.0 25.5 22.6Drawn wire 8.8 8.7 9.6 8.6 9.6Other bars and rods 5.6 4.5 6

111、.1 7.4 8.6Hot-rolled strip 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.1Cold-rolled strip 4.0 3.7 4.8 4.1 4.0Hot-rolled sheets and coils 78.4 74.6 79.3 68.0 75.6Plates 32.8 29.4 30.9 32.2 35.2Cold-rolled sheets and coils 32.5 19.0 36.7 30.8 30.3Electrical sheet and strip 4.1 3.9 5.1 5.2 4.5Tinmill products 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9 5.

112、9Galvanised sheet 43.0 37.0 45.3 38.4 41.0Other coated sheet 18.2 18.1 20.2 16.5 18.4Steel tubes and fittings 40.9 32.3 34.3 34.2 36.5Wheels(forged and rolled)and axles 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.0Castings 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4Forgings 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1Total425.2378.8436.3378.4402.8Exports data is reported b

113、y countries and therefore includes for example intra-EU trade,trade between USMCA countries,etc.The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products,including ingots,semi-finished products,hot-rolled and cold-finished products,tubes,wire,and unworked castings and forgin

114、gs.The above table comprises the exports of 62 countries,which represents approximately 95.5 per cent of total world trade in 2023.million tonnes05003003504004505000520975YearExports ProductionExports%1975 114.7 506.9 22.61980 140.6 578.7 24.31985 171.0 59

115、9.0 28.51990 171.0 654.0 26.21991 177.1 660.0 26.81992 196.1 658.0 29.81993 222.5 664.9 33.51994 238.6 656.2 36.41995 246.6 685.6 36.01996 236.4 687.1 34.41997 267.9 730.1 36.71998 268.7 713.4 37.71999 280.8 725.8 38.72000 307.5 783.6 39.22001 300.5 785.9 38.22002 318.0 837.1 38.02003 333.6 899.1 37

116、.12004 368.3 985.6 37.42005 373.3 1 065.5 35.02006 418.5 1 161.3 36.02007 446.8 1 255.4 35.62008 438.5 1 250.4 35.12009 330.1 1 155.9 28.62010 392.7 1 337.6 29.42011 418.7 1 435.4 29.22012 416.0 1 458.9 28.52013 412.6 1 543.1 26.72014 457.4 1 563.4 29.32015 467.4 1 516.2 30.82016 476.8 1 523.9 31.32

117、017 462.9 1 621.0 28.62018 457.2 1 704.2 26.82019 438.8 1 748.9 25.12020 405.6 1 755.8 23.12021 459.1 1 826.3 25.12022 403.0 1 759.6 22.92023 434.7 1 761.4 24.7Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products.Production of finished steel,where not available from national sources,is calculate

118、d from crude steel production,taking into account the continuous casting ratio.million tonnes75520022525027530032535037540020002005201020152020all commoditiessteel-containing manufactured goodssteelQuantum indices 2000=100World steel trade in products 1975 to 2023World volume of trade 200

119、0 to 2023World steel exports by product 2019 to 20232425Exporting regionDestinationEuropean Union(27)Other EuropeRussia&other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastChinaJapanOther AsiaOceaniaTotal importsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(27)93.18.56.30.11.12.24.52.01

120、4.30.2132.439.2Other Europe9.72.04.80.00.22.34.50.95.60.030.128.1Russia&other CIS+Ukraine0.60.81.40.00.00.92.30.00.20.06.24.8North America6.51.50.115.38.91.95.83.615.10.559.344.0South America0.80.40.40.12.50.37.81.21.40.215.112.6Africa4.32.41.82.00.23.811.00.96.20.032.628.9Middle East3.73.00.20.10.1

121、9.011.60.93.80.132.423.4China0.70.01.10.00.11.50.02.84.90.011.011.0Japan0.00.00.00.00.00.01.1-4.70.05.85.8Other Asia1.40.33.30.40.27.944.8 19.728.20.1106.478.2Oceania0.20.10.00.00.00.10.90.11.70.23.33.2Total Exports121.019.019.418.2 13.329.994.3 32.286.21.3434.7 279.3of which:extra-region-al exports

122、*27.917.018.02.8 10.817.194.3 32.258.11.2279.3Net exports(exports-imports)-11.3-11.113.2-41.2-1.8-35.283.226.3-20.1-2.0*Excluding intra-regional trade marked RankTotal exportsMt1China94.32Japan32.23South Korea27.04European Union(27)126.05Germany 222.56Italy 216.17Belgium 214.68Russia13.99Trkiye12.71

123、0Brazil12.311Iran11.912Netherlands 211.813France 29.914India9.915Indonesia9.616Taiwan,China9.517United States8.918Viet Nam8.619Spain 27.820Malaysia7.6RankTotal importsMt1European Union(27)139.22United States26.43Germany 218.74Italy 218.75Trkiye18.06Mexico17.57South Korea15.08Viet Nam14.09Thailand13.

124、710Indonesia12.411France 211.812Belgium 211.613Poland 211.614China11.015Spain 210.216India9.817Netherlands 29.018Canada8.619Taiwan,China7.520Malaysia7.1RankNet exports(exports-imports)Mt1China83.22Japan26.33Russia12.74South Korea12.05Iran10.26Brazil7.37Oman3.88Germany 23.89Austria 23.610Belgium 23.0

125、11Netherlands 22.812Ukraine2.213Taiwan,China2.014Slovakia 21.515Luxembourg 21.5RankNet imports(imports-exports)Mt1European Union(27)122.02United States17.63Egypt15.24Mexico14.45Thailand12.06Philippines6.97Poland 26.58Viet Nam5.49Trkiye5.210United Arab Emirates4.511Iraq 4.412Saudi Arabia3.413Indonesi

126、a2.814Czechia 22.715Singapore2.71 Excluding intra-regional trade2 Data for individual European Union(27)countries include intra-European trademillion tonnesmillion tonnesWorld trade in steel by area 2023Major importers and exporters of steel 20232627200182019France 17.1 18.4 19.0 19.1 19.

127、7Germany 28.8 31.0 30.3 28.4 27.9Italy 18.8 18.5 19.5 20.2 20.2Spain 10.8 10.3 11.0 11.6 12.3European Union(27)126.8 132.3 136.8 143.8 139.7Trkiye 32.5 32.1 33.5 26.7 20.7United Kingdom 16.5 17.1 16.9 16.8 16.2Other Europe 56.7 57.0 58.3 51.7 45.0Russia 43.8 43.5 46.9 47.1 49.8Russia&other CIS+Ukrai

128、ne 52.0 52.7 57.7 58.4 62.0Canada 18.6 18.6 19.1 19.3 18.2Mexico 20.2 20.1 22.7 21.1 15.2United States 118.9 115.4 122.2 127.1 125.7USMCA 157.8 154.1 164.0 167.5 159.2Brazil 22.6 19.2 19.4 21.2 21.3Central and South America 47.0 39.9 41.9 42.5 41.5Africa and Middle East 89.4 84.5 82.3 79.9 81.8China

129、 611.7 620.5 706.2 761.5 825.5Japan 48.3 46.9 50.3 51.5 49.4South Korea 39.7 41.6 41.7 41.3 40.5Asia and Oceania 880.3 904.1 996.51 066.41 130.1Total 11 410.01 424.71 537.61 610.31 659.21 The total comprises 74 countries.02004006008001 0001 200kgTrue steel use per capitaApparent steel use per capita

130、BrazilMexicoUnited KingdomTrkiyeSpainFranceItalyGermanyRussiaUnited StatesJapanCanadaChinaSouth Koreamillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentmillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentkilograms,finished steel equivalentYearIndirect Exports,Mt2000172.12001178.12002187.82003199.12004224.02005249.22006269

131、.52007292.42008303.62009231.42010285.42011323.82012324.12013319.12014324.52015322.42016329.82017341.52018354.62019358.9True steel use(TSU)is obtained by subtracting net indirect exports of steel from apparent steel use(ASU).Total TSU is not equal to ASU because of differences in country coverage and

132、 methodological specifics of indirect trade in steel calculations.Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used.An explanation of the methodology of indirect trade in steel can be found in the

133、report Indirect Trade in Steel(March 2015)at worldsteel.org/publications/bookshop/indirect-trade.Latest update:May 2021.RankIndirect exportsMt1China95.82Germany*32.93Japan21.74United States20.95South Korea17.96Mexico17.27Italy*13.38Poland*9.99Spain*9.510Trkiye8.6RankIndirect importsMt1United States4

134、9.02Germany*25.73France*13.84United Kingdom11.95Canada11.66China9.47Belgium-Luxembourg*8.88Russia8.89Spain*8.510Italy*8.5RankNet indirect exports(exports-imports)Mt1China86.42Japan13.93South Korea12.74Mexico9.15Germany*7.2RankNet indirect imports(imports-exports)Mt1United States28.12Russia6.33United

135、 Kingdom6.04Canada5.25France*5.1*Data for individual European Union(27)countries include intra-European trademillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentIndirect trade in steel2000 to 2019Major indirect importers and exporters of steel 2019Apparent and true steel use per capita,2019True steel use2015 to

136、 2019Mt%200020004200520062007200820092000019Indirect exports,MtIndirect exports as a percentage of exports of steel products,%505560657075808505003003504002829 World Steel Association 2024|Design:MakeACover image:Modern shopping mall in ChinaNot

137、ation used in this publication:eindicates a figure that has been estimated.0.0indicates that the quantity concerned is less than 0.05.-indicates zero or no data.Steel use by sectorworldsteel also releases data on a monthly and annual basis.A selection of this data is available for free at worldsteel

138、.org/data.A more comprehensive selection of data can be purchased through our bookshop at worldsteel.org/publications/bookshop/.For more details contact subscribersworldsteel.org.ElectricalequipmentMetalproductsMechanicalequipmentAutomotiveDomesticappliancesOther transportBuilding and infrastructure

139、52%3%10%16%12%2%5%Subscribe to receive our dataSTEEL USE20231 763 Mt30World Steel AssociationAvenue de Tervueren 2701150 BrusselsBelgiumT:+32(0)2 702 89 00F:+32(0)2 702 88 99E:steelworldsteel.orgC413 Office BuildingBeijing Lufthansa Center50 Liangmaqiao RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100125 ChinaT:+86 10 6464 6733 F:+86 10 6468 0728E:chinaworldsteel.orgworldsteel.orgPrinted on FSC certified paper