1、ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 2020 51ST EDITION KEY INDICATORS FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEPTEMBER 2020 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 2020 51ST EDITION KEY INDICATORS FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) 2020 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 15

2、50 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2020. ISBN 978-92-9262-358-6 (print); 978-92-9262-359-3 (electronic); 978-92-9262-360-9 (ebook) ISSN 0116-3000 Publication Stock No. FLS200250-3 DOI: https:/dx.doi.org/10.22617/FLS200

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9、ations/corrigenda. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. ADB recognizes “China” as the Peoples Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea, and “East Timor” as Timor-Leste. Cover photo: On the cover: In Viet Nam, the government has applied e-government and started a financial

10、 assistance program for the poor via online application and e-payment. In the photo are Mai, an ethnic mother and her child living in Cao Bang, a poor province in the North Viet Nam. The single mother has two children, one of whom is disabled. She and the other child were happy when receiving an SMS

11、 informing that money had been transferred successfully to her bank account. They no longer have to travel far and wait in a long line every month. E-payment is more convenient, faster, and safer. Cover design by Nguyen Thanh Hien. iii Contents Foreword. xiii Acknowledgments . xv Statistical Partner

12、s .xvii Guide for Users . xxiii Highlights .xxix PART I: Sustainable Development Goals Trends and Tables Sustainable Development GoalsData Stories .3 SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere .4 SDG 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

13、 .5 SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages .7 SDG 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all .8 SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls .10 SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable m

14、anagement of water and sanitation for all .11 SDG 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. 13 SDG 8. Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth; full and productive employment; and decent work for all. 15 SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructu

15、re, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation .16 SDG 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries . 17 SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable .18 SDG 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns . 20 S

16、DG 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts .22 SDG 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development .22 SDG 15. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems; sustainably manage forests; combat deser

17、tification; halt and reverse land degradation; and halt biodiversity loss .23 SDG 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development; provide access to justice for all; and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels .25 SDG 17. Strengthen the means o

18、f implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development .27 Data Gaps and Other Data-Related Issues .29 References . 31 Figures Figure 1.1.1: Proportion and Number of People Living in Extreme Poverty .4 Figure 1.1.2: Proportion of Employed Population Living below the Inter

19、national Poverty Line .5 ivKey Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2020 Figure 1.2.1: Prevalence of Undernourishment in Select Economies of Asia and the Pacific.6 Figure 1.2.2: Prevalence of Stunting among Children under 5 Years of Age .7 Figure 1.3.1: Maternal Mortality Ratios and Proportion of Bir

20、ths Attended by Skilled Health Personnel .8 Figure 1.3.2: Under-5 Mortality Rate by Region and Subregion of Asia and the Pacific .8 Figure 1.4.1: Participation Rate in Organized Learning (1 Year before the Official Primary Entry Age), 2018 or Latest Year .9 Figure 1.4.2: Proportion of Teachers in Pr

21、imary Education Who Have Received at Least the Minimum Organized Teacher Training .10 Figure 1.5.1: Proportion of Women Who Were Married or in a Union before Age 15 or Age 18 .11 Figure 1.5.2: Proportion of Seats in National Parliament Held by Women, 2019 .11 Figure 1.6.1: Proportion of the Populati

22、on Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services, 2017 .12 Figure 1.6.2: Proportion of Population Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services, 2017 . 13 Figure 1.7.1: Proportion of the Population with Access to Electricity .14 Figure 1.7.2: Proportion of Population with Primary Reliance on Clean Fuels a

23、nd Technology .14 Figure 1.8.1: Unemployment Rate by Age Group, 2019 or Most Recent Year Prior . 15 Figure 1.9.1: Manufacturing Value-Added per Capita .16 Figure 1.9.2: Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Manufacturing Value-Added . 17 Figure 1.10.1: Growth Rates of Household Expenditure or Income

24、per Capita, 20102018 .18 Figure 1.11.1: Proportion of Urban Population Living in Slums, 2000 and 2018 .19 Figure 1.11.2: Annual Mean Levels of Fine Particulate Matter in Cities of Asia and the Pacifics Most Populous Economies, 2016 .20 Figure 1.12.1: Material Footprint per Capita and Gross Domestic

25、Product per Capita, 2017 . 20 Figure 1.12.2: Domestic Material Consumption per Capita .21 Figure 1.13.1: Score Measuring Alignment of National Disaster Risk Strategy with Sendai Framework, 2019 .22 Figure 1.14.1: Proportion of Protected Marine Area to Total Marine Area, 2018 .23 Figure 1.15.1: Propo

26、rtion of Forested Area to Total Land Area, 2016 .24 Figure 1.15.2: Red List Index Scores for Select Economies of Asia and the Pacific .25 Figure 1.16.1: Number of Victims of Intentional Homicide .26 Figure 1.16.2: Proportion of Firms Experiencing at least One Bribe Payment Request, Latest Year .26 F

27、igure 1.17.1: Value of Financial and Technical Assistance Committed to Developing Economies .27 Figure 1.17.2: Value of All Resources Made Available to Strengthen Statistical Capacity in Developing Economies, 2017 .28 Tables Table 1.1.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 1No Pover

28、ty .33 Table 1.1.2: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 1Social Protection .35 Table 1.2.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 2Zero Hunger .36 Table 1.2.2: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 2Improved Agricultural Investment .37 Table 1.3.1: Sele

29、cted Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 3Maternal and Child Health .38 Table 1.3.2: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 3Incidence of Communicable Diseases .39 vKey Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2020 Table 1.3.3: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 3M

30、ortality Rates, Reproductive Health .40 Table 1.4.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 4Early Childhood Education .42 Table 1.4.2: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 4Teacher Training and Supply .43 Table 1.5.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goa

31、l 5Early Marriage and Women in Leadership . 44 Table 1.6.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 6Clean Water and Sanitation .45 Table 1.7.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 7Affordable and Clean Energy .48 Table 1.8.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Develop

32、ment Goal 8Decent Work and Economic Growth .49 Table 1.8.2: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 8Unemployment .50 Table 1.8.3: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 8Youth Participation in Education and Work, Child Labor .53 Table 1.8.4: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 8Access to Banking, Insurance, and Financial Services; and Trade .54 Table 1.9.1: Selected Indicators for Sustainable Development Goal 9Road and Rail Transport, P