1、Report of the Secretary-General Roadmap for Digital Cooperation JUNE 2020 Cover Illustration: HyunWoo Lee Iconography: Yooyoung Ko Report Design: Graphic Design Unit, Department of Global Communications Copyright is retained by the United Nations. ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION 1 I. INTRODUCTION .2
2、 II. BACKGROUND .4 III. CONSIDERATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE HIGH-LEVEL PANEL .5 An Inclusive Digital Economy and Society GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY .5 DIGITAL PUBLIC GOODS .8 DIGITAL INCLUSION .10 Human and Institutional Capacity DIGITAL CAPACITY-BUILDING .12 Human Rights and Human Agency DIGITAL H
3、UMAN RIGHTS .14 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .17 Trust, Security and Stability DIGITAL TRUST AND SECURITY .19 Global Digital Cooperation GLOBAL DIGITAL COOPERATION .21 IV. THE WAY FORWARD .22 Table of Contents 2 ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION As the world grapples with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
4、 pandemic, it is witness- ing first-hand how digital technologies help to confront the threat and keep people connect- ed. Supercomputers analyse thousands of drug compounds to identify candidates for treatments and vaccines. E-commerce platforms prioritize household staples and medical supplies, wh
5、ile videoconferencing platforms enable education and economic activity to continue. At the same time, the technological challenge posed by COVID-19 has been tremendous. While accurate data and information related to the disease are fundamental for an effective response, social media have been misuse
6、d by some to spread dangerous misinformation and fuel discrimination, xenophobia and racism. Cyberattacks on the World Health Organization, hospitals and laboratories endanger lives and jeopardize potential advances in responding to and preventing the virus. A balance has to be struck between the us
7、e of technology and tracing applications to combat the spread of the virus and the safeguarding of privacy and individual rights. Even as digital technology makes it possible for people in countries with high connectivity to work and learn from home, it is a privilege not enjoyed by all: some people
8、 must be physically present for their jobs, while others have lost employment or do not have access to the Internet and technolo- gy, in particular the poor and vulnerable. With less access to the Internet, women and girls are dis- proportionately affected.1 Digital technology does not exist in a va
9、cuum it has enormous potential for positive change, but can also reinforce and magnify existing fault lines and worsen economic and other inequalities. In 2019, close to 87 per cent of individuals in devel- oped countries used the Internet, compared with only 19 per cent in the least developed count
10、ries.2 As more people are brought online, new vulnera- bilities arise. According to estimates, the poten- tial cost of worldwide data breaches will be more than $5 trillion by 2024.3 The use of the Internet and social media in the context of elections, as both enablers of participation and tools for
11、 spreading disinformation and hate speech, raise complex issues. Though not explicitly indicated in the Panels re- port, advancing technology has always been cou- pled with significant impacts on the environment. Operations related to information and communi- cations technologies (ICT) are expected
12、to rep- resent up to 20 per cent of global electricity de- mand, with one third stemming from data centres alone.4 On a positive note, the recent advances in technology offer ground-breaking opportuni- ties to monitor and protect the environment, as well as overall planetary health. By harnessing th
13、em appropriately, the digital revolution can be I. Introduction ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION 3 steered to combat climate change and advance global sustainability, environmental stewardship and human well-being. The prevalence of child sexual exploitation and abuse is also a major concern. In 2019
14、, 70 million pieces of child sexual abuse material were report- ed to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children of the United States,5 while many more went undetected. The international community has long stood united in its shared resolve to pro- tect children. Building on that resolve
15、, coopera- tion between national law enforcement agencies and major technology companies has increased, but more can be done. Companies must embrace more robust scanning practices and accelerate detection methods focused on prevention. This approach must also be supported by important legislative st
16、eps. In that regard, multi-stakehold- er partnerships, such as the WeProtect Global Alliance and the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, are of great benefit. Digital technology does not exist in a vacuum it has enormous potential for positive change, but can also reinforce and magn
17、ify existing fault lines and worsen economic and other inequalities. The world is at a critical inflection point for tech- nology governance, made more urgent by the on- going pandemic. For example, according to the 11 norms of responsible State behaviour, agreed upon in 2015, States should not cond
18、uct or know- ingly support ICT activity that intentionally dam- ages critical infrastructure an essential agree- ment for the current global response. Such norms provide a foundation for significantly scaling up and identifying innovative, ambitious initiatives and opportunities for technology gover
19、nance. It is important to redouble efforts to better harness the potential of digital technologies while mitigat- ing the harm that they may cause. 4 ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION In July 2018, the Secretary-General convened a High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation to ad- vance proposals to stren
20、gthen cooperation in the digital space among Governments, the private sector, civil society, international organizations, academic institutions, the technical community and other relevant stakeholders. Co-chaired by Melinda Gates and Jack Ma, the 20 members of the Panel served in their personal capa
21、cities, representing an unprecedented mix of disciplines and sectors and geographic, gender and age diversity. The Panel completed its deliberations and sub- mitted its final report, entitled “The Age of Digital Interdependence”, in June 2019. In the report, the Panel included five sets of recommend
22、ations on how the international community could work to- gether to optimize the use of digital technologies and mitigate the risks: 1. Build an inclusive digital economy and society; 2. Develop human and institutional capacity; 3. Protect human rights and human agency; 4. Promote digital trust, secu
23、rity and stability; 5. Foster global digital cooperation. Following the issuance of the report, Member States and over 300 entities and organizations were contacted. More than 100 sent feedback to the Secretariat, including volunteering to lead or participate in discussions on the Panels recommendat
24、ions. The Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Preparations for the Commemoration of the United Nations 75th Anniversary coordinated the follow-up process to the Panel. Round-table discussion groups of subject-matter experts were constituted to address the Panels recommendations.6 Champio
25、ns were selected on the basis of experience, previous engagement with the Panel and geographic and stakeholder diversity to coordinate and lead each group. The round-table groups held consultations on how to proceed with the recommendations, including by providing input for the present report. Their
26、 con- tributions provided invaluable advice, which was carefully considered in the preparation of sec- tions III and IV of the present report. The report is aimed at, first, summarizing the state of play in relation to each of the Panels recommendations, incorporating the subsequent consultations on
27、 follow-up, and, second, setting out in the concluding observations the envisaged action points for the way forward. II. Background ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION 5 Tom Perry / World Bank GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY 7 Meaningful participation in todays digital age re- quires a high-speed broadband connecti
28、on to the Internet. Countries report that 93 per cent of the worlds population live within physical reach of mo- bile broadband or Internet services. However, only 53.6 per cent of the worlds population now use the Internet, leaving an estimated 3.6 billion without ac- cess. The least developed coun
29、tries are the least connected, at only 19 per cent of their populations.8 Numerous barriers exacerbate the digital divide. First, installing traditional broadband connec- tions is costly, and countries often face difficul- ties in financing the fibre-optic cables required. Second, market dynamics ar
30、e often not favour- able. Lower purchasing power in the least devel- oped countries is a limiting factor for connectivity providers and, although wireless technology may help to spread broadband coverage further, faster and more cheaply, companies do not have the in- centives to pursue this. Finally
31、, the lack of digital skills can also limit the adoption of digital tools. III. Consideration of the recommendations of the High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation 6 ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION The fundamental issue of affordability of ac- cess and equipment has to be addressed. In 19 of the lea
32、st developed countries, the price of 5 GB of fixed broadband is more than 20 per cent of monthly gross national income per capita.9 Concerted efforts to promote affordability can therefore have real impact; in low- to middle-in- come countries, breaking up a broadband monop- oly can help users to sa
33、ve as much as $7.33 per GB of mobile data.10 In Myanmar, for example, the creation of a competitive market slashed the cost of subscriber identity module cards from $150 in 2013 to $1.50 in 2015, allowing 2 million new sub- scribers within the first month.11 Special attention should also be given to
34、 ensuring connectivity in times of crisis and in humanitarian operations. COVID-19 has already shown how connectivity is a critical need. Inaccessibility to the Internet PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS USING THE INTERNET by region and devlopment status, 2019* 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Europe The Am
35、ericas CIS Asia and a concerted effort at scaling up solutions. Holistic, inclusive approaches that bring togeth- er existing initiatives, United Nations entities, regional and subregional bodies and other rele- vant organizations that promote digital capac- ity-building are necessary to improve sup
36、port for Governments and other stakeholders. In its report, the Panel proposed “digital help desks” as one potential solution that could leverage regional institutions and platforms. Since the Pulse Lab Jakarta ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION 13 issuance of the Panels report, the International Telec
37、ommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have begun an initial mapping exercise of existing digital capacity-building initiatives to assess gaps and inform forward-looking solutions. The exercise will be expanded to include a detailed needs assessment component to
38、 support capac- ity-building providers in targeting their services more effectively to meet stakeholder needs. The need for digital capacity- building is substantial. Achieving real and sustained progress in the various dimensions of digitaliza- tion requires skills development and effective trainin
39、g, in par- ticular in developing countries. The coordination work set out above requires matching efforts at the national level, especial- ly through the United Nations presence on the ground. United Nations country teams, through their resident coordinators, could serve as the systems in-country fo
40、cal points on digital co- operation. Country-level support could also be amplified through engagement with local college graduates and other young professionals who could work closely with United Nations actors in launching and managing various rural-centric in- itiatives to advance broadband access
41、, adoption and meaningful usage. 14 ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL COOPERATION DIGITAL HUMAN RIGHTS 28 Digital technologies provide new means to advo- cate, defend and exercise human rights, but they can also be used to suppress, limit and violate hu- man rights. As the Panel noted, existing human rights treat
42、ies were signed in a pre-digital era. In todays world, where online violations can lead to offline abuses, the Internet cannot be an un- governed or ungovernable space human rights exist online as they do offline and have to be re- spected in full (see A/70/174). Effective due diligence is required
43、to ensure that technology products, policies, practices and terms of service comply with human rights prin- ciples and standards. To that end, the Secretary- General, in his call to action for human rights,29 addresses new frontiers of technology and hu- man rights, emphasizing that new technologies
44、 are too often used for surveillance, repression, censorship and online harassment, especially of vulnerable people and human rights defenders, and calling for these technologies to be used to provide new means to advocate, defend and exercise rights. Greater efforts are needed to develop further gu
45、idance on how human rights standards apply in the digital age, including through the Human Rights Council, and to build upon work by the special procedures and trea- ty bodies, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and diverse stakeholders. There remains a need
46、to address possible pro- tection gaps created by constantly evolving digital technologies. In that regard, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights pro- vide a useful tool. Blanket Internet shutdowns and generic block- ing and filtering of services are considered by United Nations human right
sgpjbg002
工作日 8:30 - 17:30
会员动态：
报告分类
新质生产力
ChatGPT
新能源汽车
大模型
Sora
机器人
微短剧
芯片
薪酬
白皮书
低空经济
数据要素
创新药
人工智能
AI产业
信息科技
互联网
消费经济
汽车交通
电商零售
传媒娱乐
医药健康
投资金融
能源环境
地产建筑
传统产业
英文报告
其它
扫码登录
手机快捷登录
账号登录
