1、The Global Gender Gap Report 2017 Insight Report Insight Report The Global Gender Gap Report 2017 The Global Gender Gap Report is an insight tool published annually by the World Economic Forum. The 2017 edition of the Report features a range of unique contextual data through a research collaboration
2、 with LinkedIn. AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Professor Klaus Schwab Founder and Executive Chairman Richard Samans Head of the Centre for the Global Agenda; Member of the Managing Board Saadia Zahidi Head of Education, Gender and Work; Member of the Executive Committee Till Alexander Leopold Project L
3、ead, Education, Gender and Work Vesselina Ratcheva Data Lead, Education, Gender and Work AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Professor Ricardo Hausmann Director of the Center for International Development (CID) and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government AT TH
4、E UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Professor Laura DAndrea Tyson Director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the Haas School of Business and Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies We are very grateful to Milorad Kovacevic, Chief Statistician of t
5、he Human Development Report Office at the UNDP, and to our colleagues in the Education, Gender and Work System Initiative: Nada Abdoun, Piyamit Bing Chomprasob, Sofia Michalopoulou, Paulina Padilla Ugarte, Valerie Peyre, Brittany Robles, Theodore Roos, Pearl Samandari and Susan Wilkinson. We gratefu
6、lly acknowledge the outstanding support of LinkedIns research team, including Nick Eng, Paul Ko, Rachel Bowley, Chris Pham and Jackie Zhao. We also thank Nadiya Stasyshyn and Sue Duke for their institutional engagement and coordination. A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent copyedi
7、ting work, Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout, and to Kamal Kimaoui and the World Economic Forums Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this Report. We greatly appreciate, too, the outstanding work of design firms Accurat, which created the Rep
8、orts Country Profiles and online Data Explorer, and Graphine, which created the cover. World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 E-mail: contactweforum.org www.weforum.org 2017 World Economic Forum All rights res
9、erved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. ISBN 978-1-944835-12-5 TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMER The Global Gender Gap Report 2017 (herein: “Report”) presents
10、information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”). Data in this Report is subject to change without notice. The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity th
11、at is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable
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20、 Data as part of a database or as a standalone product must first obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum (educationgenderworkweforum.org). iiiThe Global Gender Gap Report 2017 v Preface vii Key Findings 1 PART 1: MEASURING THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP 3 The Global Gender Gap Index 2017 3 Measu
21、ring the Global Gender Gap 7 Results and Analysis 25 Progress Over Time 27 Gender Gaps and Income 3 The Case for Gender Parity 27 Closing Occupational Gender Gaps 36 Conclusion 41 Appendices 41 Appendix A: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2017 43 PART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES 45 Users Guide: Ex
22、ploring the Global Gender Gap Index Data 57 List of Countries 58 Country Profiles 347 Contributors 349 System Initiative Partners Contents vThe Global Gender Gap Report 2017 Talent is one of the most essential factors for growth and competitiveness. To build future economies that are both dynamic an
23、d inclusive, we must ensure that everyone has equal opportunity. When women and girls are not integratedas both beneficiary and shaperthe global community loses out on skills, ideas and perspectives that are critical for addressing global challenges and harnessing new opportunities. This report find
24、s that, globally, gender parity is shifting into reverse this year for the first time since the World Economic Forum started measuring it. Yet there are also many countries that have made considerable progress, understanding that talent is a critical factor for growth. These countries are poised for
25、 further success. This years analysis also reveals gender gaps at the industry level and, in particular, highlights that even though qualified women are coming out of the education system, many industries are failing to hire, retain and promote them, losing out on a wealth of capacity. As the world
26、moves from capitalism into the era of talentism, competitiveness on a national and on a business level will be decided more than ever before by the innovative capacity of a country or a company. In this new context, the integration of women into the talent pool becomes a must. While no single measur
27、e can capture the complete situation, the Global Gender Gap Index presented in this report seeks to measure one important aspect of gender equality: the relative gaps between women and men across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics. The Index was developed in part to address the
28、need for a consistent and comprehensive measure for gender equality that can track a countrys progress over time. The Index does not seek to set priorities for countries but, rather, to provide a comprehensive set of data and a clear method for tracking gaps on critical indicators so that countries
29、may set priorities within their own economic, political and cultural contexts. The Index also points to potential role models by revealing those countries thatwithin their region or income groupare leaders in distributing resources more equitably between women and men, regardless of the overall leve
30、l of available resources. The Forums work in the System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Education, Gender and Work provides a platform for leaders from all stakeholder groups to collaborate, devise solutions and share best practices to close gender gaps. In particular, because progress on educat
31、ion has not resulted in equivalent gains for women in earning opportunity, economic independence and leadership, the Forums Closing the Gender Gap project aims to accelerate the pace of change on gender parity through global dialogue and a national public-private cooperation model currently practice
32、d in several future- ready countries. On behalf of the Forum, I would like to express my appreciation to Till Alexander Leopold, Vesselina Ratcheva, Richard Samans and Saadia Zahidi for their leadership of this project. We greatly appreciate, too, the innovative data collaboration with LinkedIn and
33、the ongoing support of Ricardo Hausmann and Laura D. Tyson. I would also like to thank the whole team engaged in the System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Education, Gender and Work for their support in shaping this project. Finally, we are inspired by the leadership of the Stewards and Partner
34、s of the System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Education, Gender and Work. It is our hope that this latest edition of the report will serve as a call to action to governments to accelerate gender equality through bolder policy-making, to businesses to prioritize gender equality as a critical ec
35、onomic and moral imperative and to all of us to become deeply conscious of the choices we make every day that impact gender equality globally. We call upon every reader of this report to join these efforts. Preface KLAUS SCHWAB Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum viiThe Global Gende
36、r Gap Report 2017 The Global Gender Gap Index was first introduced by the World Economic Forum in 2006 as a framework for capturing the magnitude of gender-based disparities and tracking their progress over time. This years edition of the Report benchmarks 144 countries on their progress towards gen
37、der parity on a scale from 0 (imparity) to 1 (parity) across four thematic dimensionsEconomic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparisons across regions and income groups. The
38、 rankings are designed to create global awareness of the challenges posed by gender gaps and the opportunities created by reducing them. The methodology and quantitative analysis behind the rankings are intended to serve as a basis for designing effective measures for reducing gender gaps. The metho
39、dology of the Index has remained stable since its original conception in 2006, providing a basis for robust cross-country and time-series analysis. The 2017 Reports key findings are: Weighted by population, in 2017, the average progress on closing the global gender gap stands at 68.0% meaning an ave
40、rage gap of 32.0% remains to be closed worldwide across the four Index dimensions in order to achieve universal gender parity, compared to an average gap of 31.7% last year. On average, the 144 countries covered in the Report have closed 96% of the gap in health outcomes between women and men, uncha
41、nged since last year, and more than 95% of the gap in educational attainment, a slight decrease compared to last year. However, the gaps between women and men on economic participation and political empowerment remain wide: only 58% of the economic participation gap has been closeda second consecuti
42、ve year of reversed progress and the lowest value measured by the Index since 2008and about 23% of the political gap, unchanged since last year against a long-term trend of slow but steady improvement. Key Findings Despite this overall mixed picture and continued stalling of progress at the global l
43、evel, the situation is more nuanced at the regional and country level. Out of the 142 countries covered by the Index both this year and last year, 82 countries have increased their overall gender gap score compared to last year, while 60 have seen it decrease. By contrast, last years Report found ne
44、gative outcomes in more than half of countries surveyed. Moreover, as detailed in the Report, a number of countries and regions have crossed symbolic milestones on the path to gender parity for the first time this year. Although this years edition of the Global Gender Gap Index sees no new entrants
45、to its top 10 list, there have been notable rank changes. The top spots continue to be held by smaller Western European countries, particularly the Nordics that occupy the top three positions, with two countries from the East Asia and the Pacific region, one country from the Sub-Saharan Africa regio
46、n, one country from the Latin America and the Caribbean region, and one country from the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region also represented. All but three countries in the Index top 10 have now crossed the threshold of closing more than 80% of their overall gender gapup from five both last year
47、 and in 2015. At a global level, in 2017 four regions have a remaining gender gap of less than 30%two of which are crossing this threshold for the first time this year. Western Europe records a remaining gender gap of 25%, placing it ahead of North America, with a gap of 28%, Eastern Europe and Cent
48、ral Asia, with a gap of 29%, and Latin America and the Caribbean, with a gap of 29.8%. The East Asia and the Pacific region ranks ahead of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a remaining gender gap of 31.7% and 32.4%, respectively, and South Asia, with a gap of 34%. The Middle East and North Africa region, for
49、 the first time this year, crosses the threshold of having a remaining gender gap of slightly less than 40%. viiiThe Global Gender Gap Report 2017 On current trends, the overall global gender gap can be closed in exactly 100 years across the 106 countries covered since the inception of the Report, compared to 83 years last year. The most challenging gender gaps remain in the economic and health spheres. Given the continued widening of the economic gender gap, it will now not be closed for another 217 years. However, the educationspecific gender gap could b
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