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2017年植物工场智慧LED照明及环境控制.pdf

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2017年植物工场智慧LED照明及环境控制.pdf

1、Smart LED Smart LED Lighting Lighting and Environment Control and Environment Control for Plant Factoryfor Plant FactoryToyoki Kozai,Japan Plant Factory AssociationJune 9-11,2017,Guangzhou,China,China Import&Export Fair ComplexThink Light Forum Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition ContentsCon

2、tents1)Challenging to Food-Resource-Environment Trilemma2)Resource use efficiency(RUE)&cost performance(CP)3)Overcoming the complexity of environmental control5)Moving towards the next-generation smart PFAL4)Smart LED lighting system and dual PFALPFAL canPFAL cancontributes to solve the foodcontribu

3、tes to solve the food-resourceresource-environment trienvironment tri-lemmalemmaFoodsEnvironmentsResourcesPFALPlant Factory with Plant Factory with Artificial Artificial Lighting(Lighting(PFAL)PFAL)In theory,the PFAL can achieve the In theory,the PFAL can achieve the highest yield and quality of fun

4、ctional highest yield and quality of functional plants with use of minimum amounts of plants with use of minimum amounts of resources,resulting in minimum costs and resources,resulting in minimum costs and minimum emission of pollutants.minimum emission of pollutants.In reality,however,The yield and

5、 quality are much lower than their potentials,and resources supplied are inefficiently used,resulting in high production cost.AdvantagesHigh controllability of EnvironmentsHigh productivity/land areaWater,fertilizer and pesticide savingValue-added produceDisadvantagesNeeds high operation skills and

6、sophisticated softwareNeeds high Investment per land area Sustainable production is not achieved yet.*Environmental control for improving economic value per kg.*Friendly software and reductions in initial and operation costs.Further research is anticipated Key technologies of smart PFALKey technolog

7、ies of smart PFALPFAL with LEDsPlant ScienceSmart Tech.IoT,RoboticsAI with big data NoninvasiveSensingGPSICTCameraGB memoryVR/ARPhenomics-basedEnvironment controland breedingAIAI-based based CPPS management system with databaseCPPS management system with databasefor improving the cost performance of

8、 CPPSfor improving the cost performance of CPPSTime series data on genome,phenome,environment,management&social eventsAI-based CPPS management systemPlantsEnvironmentsSensorsSensorsPFALPhenotypingVision,Objective,Targets,GoalsControl UnitsRobotsCloud computingMechanistic,statistic&rule-based modelsR

9、oles of light for Roles of light for plantsplantsRoles of lightEnergy sourcePhotosynthesisRadiative heating sourceSignal sourcePhotomorphogenisisPhotoperiodismPhototropismSecondary metabolite productionStomatal opening PhotoinhibitionMajor light environment factors:Major light environment factors:PP

10、FD(photosynthetic photos flux density),Daily integral of PPFDSpectrum(UV,Blue,Green,Red,Far-red,infrared)Lighting cycle(photo-/Dark-periods)Lighting direction(Down-,side-and up-wards)and their spatial changes with timeLight environmental effects are significantly affected by:Light environmental effe

11、cts are significantly affected by:Leaf and root temperatures,CO2concentration,VPD(humidity),air current speed,fertilizer composition,etc.Plant canopy structure(Leaf area,plant height,leaf angle,planting density,etc.)Stomatal conductance,disease infection and other physiological conditionsSpecies,cul

12、tivar,growth stage,etc.Rhythmic movement of plantsSkills of growersElectric energyChemical energy(Primarymetabolites)Light energyWhole plantsEnergy conversion(growth promotion)and Value addition stagesSalableUnit Price x VolumeValue addition stageSecondarymetabolitesFactorExamples1Weight,sizeFresh/d

13、ry weights of salable and unsalable parts of plants 2Shape,color,texturePlant height,leaf shape,stem/internode length,leaf area index,leaf thickness,pigment formation,color,apperance3Functional componentsVitamin C(ascorbic acid),anti-oxidant substances such as polyphenols,carotenoids,polysaccharides

14、,minerals such as 4Physiological disorderOedema(instumiscence),white/black spots due to micro nutrient deficiencies5Taste,flavorSugar（glucose,fructose,sucrose),polysaccharides,aromas,amino acids,proteins,lipids,NO3K+,bitterness6Mouth feelingPercent Water(turgor pressure),cell wall thickness,smoothne

15、ssShelf lifecolony formation unit per gramFactors affecting the economic value of vegetables Minimum No.of treatments necessary to Minimum No.of treatments necessary to find optimal PPFD and light qualityfind optimal PPFD and light qualityFactorNo.of treatments(Levels)Cumulative number of treatments

16、PPFD(m mmol m-2s-1)33Light quality 3(UV)x3(B)x3(G)x3(B)x3(FR)=243729Lighting cycle32187Lighting direction36561Temp.,CO2,humidity,nutrient strength,etc.2x2x2x2=16104,976Growth stage3314,928This complexity of light environmental effects provides a This complexity of light environmental effects provide

17、s a great opportunity to use recent advanced technologies:great opportunity to use recent advanced technologies:LEDs High speed microprocessor with large memoryArtificial intelligence(AI)with big dataIoT with open database platformOmics with DNA sequencing Phenotyping using image sensing3D modeling

18、of plant growth and developmentRobotics,Drone,3D Printer,solar cells,and nano-tech.Spectral distributions of white LEDs for Spectral distributions of white LEDs for humans and those with for plantshumans and those with for plantsFor plantsFor Humans White LED+Red LEDsWavelength(300-800 nm)Wavelength

19、(300-800 nm)RedGreenGreenRedGreen light effect on plantsGreen light effect on plantsPhotosynthesis of dense plant canopyDisease resistancePlant canopy architecture including plant canopy height Next generation CPPS to overcome the Next generation CPPS to overcome the complexity consists of:complexit

20、y consists of:(1)Smart LED lighting system(2)Phenotyping-based environmental control and breeding(3)Basic modules(BM)(4)Dual(real/virtual)CPPS(5)Evolutional CPPS for concurrent realization of commercial plant production,large-scale experiments and phenotyping for environmental control and breedingSm

21、art LED lighting system and its peripheralsSmart LED lighting system and its peripheralsLEDsElectricitySmart LEDLighting systemNatural energyPlant canopyimage sensors,environmental sensors AI software with big data,Models,Database,Data on RUE,CP,etc.DNA sequencer,Drone,Robot,3D printer,etc.Phenotype

22、GenotypeEnvironmentPhenotypingGenotypingOmicsManagementPhenotyping for Environmental Control and BreedingPlant phenotyping is defined as:Plant phenotyping is defined as:the application of methodologies and protocols to measure a plant specific trait non-invasively,ranging from the cellular level to

23、canopy level,related to plant structure and function(Ghanem,2014).Traits:Contents of water,nitrogen,chlorophyll,photosynthetic efficiency(PSII),leaf area,canopy structre,etc.Image sensors for phenotyping:Image sensors for phenotyping:Visible camera,spectroradiometry,Light detection and Ranging(LiDAR

24、),visible to far-red hyperspectral,thermal,fluorescence,and 3D laser scanning,trichromatic(RGB)sensors(R.Frishe-Neto and A.Borem(2015)3D Imaging System(Structure sensor)3D Imaging System(Structure sensor)with Full High Definition Color Camera(Intel)with Full High Definition Color Camera(Intel)IR cam

25、era LED Color cameraInfrared Laser ProjectorImaging ASICKinect for WindowsCreative/IntelBreeding of cultivars suitable to PFALsBreeding of cultivars suitable to PFALsGrow fast at high planting density,low PPFD,and high CO2concentration,Enhanced production of target functional componentsResistant to

26、physiological disorders such as tip burnLittle resistant to environmental and disease stresses,Dwarf carrots,medicinal/herb plantsFruit vegetables with short internodes,compact functional leaves and roots,etc.Scalable basic module having similarity rule Scalable basic module having similarity rule o

27、ver laboratoryover laboratory-,small,small-and largeand large-scale CPPSsscale CPPSsLaboratory scalesmall-scaleLarge-scale for commercial productionCPPSs should be designed andoperated to obtainsimilar plant growthregardless of the scale Properties of BMScalabilityindependencyno interferenceconnecti

28、vitylow noiseControllabilityadaptabilitycompatibilitystandardizationsubstitutabilityOpennessopennessProperties to be implemented in the basic module(BM)Using CPPS consisting of BMs,spatial Using CPPS consisting of BMs,spatial variations of plant traits(phenome)are variations of plant traits(phenome)

29、are related to those of environments,related to those of environments,genome and management records.genome and management records.For improving the environmental control program,and for producing a new cultivar for CPPSBig data obtained in CPPS is of high qualityBig data obtained in CPPS is of high

30、qualityBig data for AIEnvironmentalPhenotypicOmicsManagementMachine learning system such as TensorFlowUseful informationfor environmentalcontroland breedingVirtual PFALSimulators for prediction and parameterizationReal PFALActuators SensorsResourceinputsProductoutputsWaste outputsDatabaseKnowledgeba

31、seApplication software/user interfaceProduction management systemVirtualreal system interfaceIntegrated operating systemMaterial,energy,and information flows outside the actual CPPS Dual(Real and Virtual)CPPS and its networkCloudsMany other PFALsSimulatorsfor training,self-learningSoftware configura

32、tion of dual CPPSSoftware configuration of dual CPPSDual CPPS SystemApplication software InterfaceVirtual CPPS Virtual/Real InterfaceDatabaseKnowledgebaseSupervising ManagementBigdata processing Real CPPSOpen access platform for exchanging Open access platform for exchanging data,knowledge and metad

33、ata,knowledge and meta-knowledgeknowledgeGenome Editing,Molecular Biology,Omics IoT,AI,Network,Robots,Data miningPlant Growth Modelling and SimulationMass and energy balance analysis,Plant production managementOpen Access PlatformGlobal Open Access Communities Infrastructure of the open access platf

34、ormInfrastructure of the open access platform,weUser service layerProduction process control softwareCore Information Service LayerDatabase,knowledgebase,dictionarySensing layer crop growth,environments,operationsApplication Program Interface(API)API(Application Program Interface)Distributed(Ubiquit

35、ous)network of CPPSsDistributed(Ubiquitous)network of CPPSsLarge-scale Plant factoriesMedium-scale for Shopping mall,ect.Mini-scale for home,school,community center,restaurant,hotel,etc.Open AccessPlatformPFALs Mush-room Compost-ingWater puri-ficationFermen-tationGreenhouse,open fieldsFish/shellCPPS

36、 integrated with other biological systems for sustainable fresh food production in urban areas6/13/2017 7:53:10 AM36Natural EnergySolarWindBiomassHydro PowerProductionProcessingDistributionPurchasingCookingHaving mealsCleaning up wasteResidue processingWaste&LossReduceRecycleReuseResourceReduce,reus

37、e&recycling of wastes for minimizing losses in a food chain Towards further promotion of PFAL industry(1)Towards further promotion of PFAL industry(1)ProductionProductionInternational standardization of hardware and softwareGuideline for standard production process operationsGlobal G.A.P.,HACCP,ISO

38、and othersData accumulation in an open databaseSharing the price information on equipment/partsOpen-database on best practices of operationsModified from Proposal by Japan Greenhouse Horticulture Association,2017Towards further promotion of Towards further promotion of PFAL PFAL industry(2)industry(

39、2)Sales and managementSales and managementSales Sales and product development based on market-in approach Standardization of product quality and its visualization Supply chain for improving the product valueManagement and finance Better management systems by best practices Consultants and advisors f

40、or better managements Modified from Proposal by Japan Greenhouse Horticulture Association,2017The CPPS will bring about high productivity and The CPPS will bring about high productivity and quality with minimum resource consumption and quality with minimum resource consumption and environmental poll

41、utant emission,and will become a environmental pollutant emission,and will become a key component in urban agriculture to solve the food,key component in urban agriculture to solve the food,environment&social trienvironment&social tri-lemma issues.lemma issues.ConclusionHowever,we are still at the entrance of CPPS technology,so that we need to move forward toward for sustainable CPPS and societies.Published by Elsevier in October 2015Edited byT.Kozai,G.Niuand M.TakagakiLED lighting for Urban Agriculture EditorsT.Kozai,K.Fujiwara,and E.Runkle,Published in November 2016by Springer

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2017年植物工场智慧LED照明及环境控制.pdf

2017年植物工场智慧LED照明及环境控制.pdf