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1、Path forward to fast track hyperscalerdatacenter projects in Europe while reducing operating costs and carbon emissions.Going underground in urban centersDatacenters in the heart of our citiesAndrew Bourget,CEO and co-founder,ECCUS SADavid Gyulnazaryan,Co-founder,Impleon SASDatacenters in the heart
2、of our citiesDC SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYMajor regulatory and societal hurdles now exist in Europe,due to climate change issues,with new laws being enacted in Europe(EU,Switzerland,etc.)leading to escalating costs,technical feasibility challenges and real-estate scarcity.Pushback by local communi
3、ties lead to major delays,extensive legal procedures,scuttle projects or simply rendering impossible the awarding of a building permit.Timeline urgency due to predicted scarcity in transformers and other key electrical power componentsSetting the sceneHyper scale data centre legislative challenges i
4、n EuropeEnergy Efficiency Directive(EED)includes transparency,efficiency requirements&reporting obligations for DC,depending on electricity requirements-entry in EU DC registerObligation to carry out a feasibility study for waste heat utilizationEnergy Efficiency Act(EnEfG)the implementation of the
5、EED includes specifications on transparency,waste heat utilization rates and power usage effectiveness(PUE)for DCClimate energy Act&Climate and resilience Act seriously curtails the surfaces that can be used by industry and establishes energy efficiency requirements.Federal Act on Spatial Planning a
6、nd the CO2 Act have placed a cap on the available industrial land availability with stringent CO2 emission limitations impacting project design but also investments and loans portfolio mixes by banks and funds.Hyper scale data center community push-backScarcity in industrial estate land creates comp
7、etition with other industrial stake holders.The issue creates divergent objectives between the datacentre industry and the local communities.The creation of datacentres must not jeopardise future job creation opportunities associated with land availability.Datacentres must not use-up landRestriction
8、s on energy availability and infrastructure capacity requires prioritisation in the investments by local energy suppliers to ensure maximum return on investment.Landmark visibility deteriorates the local communitys environment and sense of belonging.The issue relates to industrial dereliction in the
9、 future.The landmark scars will affect the people for generations.Datacentres must become invisible.The issue relates to wastage of precious local resources with no local benefit.To be prioritised,the energy must be used to meet local needs.Datacentres must give back the energy to the local communit
10、y.Make the datacenters disappear and avoid land useSource:The B1M,YoutubeChristian BELADY,VP R&D,Cloud Operations and Innovation,MicrosoftHyper scale data centres:challenges for heat reuseNo heat recovery as defaultDistance from heat consumersMismatch between heat output and heat demandHeat loss dur
11、ing transmission over long distancesInvestments in heat pumps and heating mainsPlacing datacentres where the thermal energy consumer is locatedPlacing datacentres under existing buildings opens the options when seeking the triple requirement of power,network and heat reuse.Path forward:Going undergr
12、oundRock impermeablilityRock proximity to the surfaceRock self supportingRock layer thicknessFlood-unaffected areasWhat you need to look for:Example:MarseilleConditions for a given city are either common or non-existant.London,Frankfurt,Paris,Dublin,Standardization of theECO-Caverneand suitablegeolo
13、gy results in massively reduced building costs333 /IT kW against theusual 1 000 /IT kWIdeal conditions for fire safety/Security Source:WAGNER Group GmbH,YoutubeUnderground structures do not require their own sanitation.Specific considerations for ECO-Cavernes:Not a building,its an infrastructure tha
14、t can be built under existing buildingsShaft access surfaces are fixed,independent of datacentre size(about 400 m2)Training,good health duration limits requirements under reduced oxygen.Carbon foot print analysis approachCarbon impact Eco-Caverne Rigel modelReduction of grey carbon footprint:17 kgCO
15、2/m371%carbon foot print reductionduring life cycle with full heatrecycling.Equivalent steel frames warehouseECO-CaverneStructural component of the ECO-CaverneRight of way is 10%to 20%of the land cost(i.e.80%to 90%cheaper).Underground real-estateVaries from country to country:a)Limited depth(eg UK);
16、b)relative depth(eg CH)or c)unlimited depth(eg FR).Can de bought and sold independently of the land on the surface as right of way.No yearly taxes on infrastructure(usually 1%/year for surface buildings)No separate taxes on underground property(land usage=0)Construction techniquesModular Data Center
17、 design5 levels3250 racks in 44 modulesHeat reuseHeat rejection system5 levels3250 racks in 44 modulesHeat transfer system5 levelsUsage of existing roofs for coolersBackup powersubsurface(a 14kW)(b 50kW)Flexible rack designAir cooledDoor HXHybrid solutionDoor HX&cold plates in seriesFlexible facilit
18、y design(a 1050kW)75 racks/row(b 3750kW)75 racks/rowHybrid solutionDoor HX&cold plates in seriesFlowrate 96 m3/hInlet 34Outlet 44Flowrate 96 m3/hInlet 34Outlet 70(a 45MW)3250 racksFlowrate 4800 m3/hInlet 40Outlet 32(b 162MW)3250 racksFlowrate 4800 m3/hInlet 61Outlet 323250 racksHEX system for 75 rac
19、ks/rowHeat reuse with district heatingAir cooledDoor HXSolved challenges for underground MDCSupplying and installing the required piping(challenge of large diameters).Ensuring limited water volume in each module loop.Enabling the possibility of transitioning from 100%air to 100%liquid heat transfer
20、keeping the same infrastructure.Conserving full combability with ORV3 frame guidelines,rack assembly or integration onsite.Achieving very high IT density by taking advantage of the very special form factor of underground structures to achieve a global total CAPEX of 2 000 /IT kW,instead of the usual
21、 10 000 /IT kW.Limiting the require surface required for a 162MW heat transfer system.Designing in the connection to cold networks and hot district heating networks to provide an operation revenue for the supplied heat.Conclusions&Key TakeawaysAllow to fit new EU,German,Swiss,French legislation(heat
22、 reuse,land,location).Thus,accelerates project delivery.Allow to combine new demands for DC with supplying the heat at the heart of cities.Provides safety to the infrastructure(physical,fire safety,visual,electromagnetic)Modular,standard,design is possible in underground structures globally.High rac
23、k density,with,in our reference design 3 250 racks/ECO-Caverne,for our mid-sized Rigel model.However,this be increased to 5 400 in the Hadar model or decreased to a maximum of 1 000 racks in our smallest model version,Vega.With an outlet temperature 68C,without heat pumps,cooling ceases to be a cost but becomes a resource.Call to ActionEvaluate the impact with DCF Sustainability workstreamIntroduce underground MDC to the Cooling Environments community If you want to learn more about this solution,please reach out!MDC specification will be published in 2024MDC WikiMDC Mailing ListThank you!