1、In collaboration with FrontiersF L A G S H I P R E P O R TJ U N E 2 0 2 4Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2024Images:Midjourney,Studio Miko.All images in this report have been generated using artificial intelligence.2024 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be repr

2、oduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conc

3、lusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.ContentsForeword 3Introduction 4Me

4、thodology 51 AI for scientific discovery 82 Privacy-enhancing technologies 113 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces 144 High altitude platform stations 175 Integrated sensing and communication 206 Immersive technology for the built world 237 Elastocalorics 268 Carbon-capturing microbes 299 Alternativ

5、e livestock feeds 3210 Genomics for transplants 35Appendix 38Contributors 40Endnotes 43Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 20242ForewordOrganizations make better choices when they understand the factors shaping the future.Since 2011,the Top 10 Emerging Technologies report has served as a vital source of

6、 strategic intelligence for professionals.Drawing on insights from scientists,researchers and futurists,the report identifies 10 technologies poised to significantly influence societies and economies within three to five years.In this 12th edition,we have broadened the scope and depth of our analysi

7、s.We have enlisted the expertise of over 300 world-leading academics from the Forums Global Future Councils and Frontiers global network of chief editors,ensuring a diverse and comprehensive perspective.Additionally,we have introduced an innovative trend analysis methodology encompassing academic li

8、terature,funding trends and patent filings,bolstering the rigour and accuracy of our selection process.With these enhancements,this years report spotlights technologies with immense potential for revolutionizing connectivity,addressing the urgent challenges of climate change and driving innovation a

9、cross various fields.From advancements in materials science to transformative technologies in healthcare and beyond,the report showcases a diverse array of solutions poised to shape the future.Producing this report would not have been possible without the Co-Chairs of our Emerging Technologies Steer

10、ing Group,Mariette DiChristina and Bernard Meyerson,whose leadership and expertise have been instrumental in shaping the content and ensuring its relevance and impact.We extend our heartfelt appreciation to all the dedicated members of the steering group many of whom have been steadfast collaborator

11、s for over a decade for their unwavering commitment to championing industry-leading and society-serving technologies.The future is both a realm of study and a landscape to shape.We hope this report will serve as a pivotal call to action for professionals across sectors and regions to collectively bu

12、ild a future where technology transforms and enriches societies and economies worldwide.Frederick Fenter Chief Executive Editor,FrontiersJeremy Jurgens Managing Director,World Economic ForumTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 2024June 2024Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 20243IntroductionAt the heart of

13、the World Economic Forums mission of improving the state of the world lies the belief in the power of human ingenuity,entrepreneurship,innovation and cooperation.That power is on full display in this years edition of the Top 10 Emerging Technologies report.Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence(AI

14、),such as deep learning,generative AI and foundation models,enable remarkable progress in strengthening human innovation.The world is on the cusp of a science discovery revolution driven by AI.Uniquely able to ingest and organize vast amounts of information,AI-enabled discoveries will likely improve

15、 disease management,propose new materials and better our understanding of the body and mind.Meanwhile,synthetic data can protect personal privacy while providing new global data sharing and collaboration opportunities.Collaboration,of course,relies on connection,and several of the top 10 herald a sh

16、ift to more adaptive,efficient and inclusive connectivity.Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)change shape dynamically to optimize wireless communication links;they combine meta-materials,smart algorithms and advanced signal processing to control and manipulate electromagnetic waves.High-altitud

17、e platform stations,through aircraft,blimps or even simple balloons,can bring mobile network access to remote regions lacking the infrastructure required to deploy ground-based systems.Such technology can bridge the digital divide,bringing internet access to over 2.6 billion people in 100 countries

18、that still lack internet service as of 2023.With the emergence of 6G systems,networks can now act as sensors,using radio signals to scan the physical world,improving communication performance and enabling integrated sensing and communication.Improving the state of the world also means protecting our

19、 planet and people.This year,human health saw the first genetically engineered organ from a pig implanted successfully into a human,giving hope to the millions waiting for transplants.Immersive technologies,combining computing power and virtual approaches,promise rapid improvement in the systems and

20、 physical infrastructure we rely on daily.On the environmental front,many of the top 10 demonstrate how technology can play a multifaceted role in addressing climate change,encompassing mitigation strategies,sustainable infrastructure development and promoting energy-efficient solutions.Elastocalori

21、cs,releasing heat under mechanical stress and absorbing it upon relaxation,promise much higher efficiency and lower energy use than current technology.Similarly,another positive environmental development is the emergence of alternative livestock feeds,reducing agroindustry waste or residues,native c

22、rop depletion and related resource consumption.Additionally,addressing global warming head-on,engineered organisms that convert emissions into products such as biofuels offer hope for mitigating increasing carbon dioxide levels.The following pages delve into the specifications of the top 10 emerging

23、 technologies of 2024 and how they can help improve the state of the world.We invite you to engage and welcome your feedback.A message from the Top 10 Emerging Technologies Steering Group Co-Chairs.Mariette DiChristina Dean,Boston University College of CommunicationBernard Meyerson Chief Innovation

24、Officer Emeritus,IBMTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 20244MethodologyPotential technologies for the 2024 list were identified through a survey distributed across the World Economic Forums Global Future Councils Network and University and Research Network,the Frontiers network comprising over 2,000 ch

25、ief editors worldwide from top institutions,and the Top 10 Emerging Technologies Steering Group members.Respondents were asked to provide detailed information about the technology they put forward,including technology name and description,potential impact,as well as a compelling rationale for why th

26、e technology should be on the 2024 list.The survey received over 300 valid technology nominations from 29 countries.To handle the increased volume of responses,an AI-assisted tool the AI Trend Analyzer,built by Frontiers wasimplemented to automate the initial screening of survey answers.This tool cl

27、assified and clustered responses based on trending topics identified through an analysis of academic publications in recent years.The steering group was then presented with a curated list of 70 technologies from which the final 10 were selected.The group reviewed and selected the technologies based

28、on the following criteria:Novelty:The technology is emerging and at anearly stage of development but is not yet widely used.Applicability:The technology is potentially of significant use and benefit to societies andeconomies.Depth:The technology is being developed by more than one company,with the f

29、ocus of increasing investment interest and excitement.Power:The technology is potentially game-changing to established ways and industries.Top 10 selection processFIGURE 1BERTopic groupingsSurveySteering CommitteeReport technologiesIntelligent machine learningProtein synthetic biologyNeurotechnology

30、Advanced data&language modellingClinical artificial intelligence systemIntelligent sensory communicationQuantum information scienceSustainable aviation and fuelsWater electrolysis for green hydrogen production6G-integrated devicesPatient data analysis intelligenceElastocaloric systemsHigh altitude c

31、ommunication systemsIntegrated sensing networksAlternative livestock feedCarbon-capturing microbesAI for scientific discoveryImmersive technology for the built worldReconfigurable intelligent surfacesPrivacy-enhancing technologiesElastocaloricsHigh altitude platform stationsIntegrated sensing and co

32、mmunicationsGenomics for transplantsTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 20245These final 10 technologies underwent further evaluation,leveraging available data on patents,funding and geographic distribution,with data pulled from CB Insights.The report also used data on academic grant funding pulled from

33、 Dimensions.This edition delves into the technologies ramifications across sectors,including industry,economy,society,environment,recent advancements and critical requirements essential for successful scaling.To meet the dynamism of these emerging technologies,Frontiers has co-curated transformation

34、 maps for each technology housed on the Forums Strategic Intelligence Platform.Readers can learn more about the key issues of each technology and how it connects to other topics on the global agenda as well as find the latest articles on the topic from trusted sources.The descriptions were predomina

35、ntly based on the articles in this report.Key issues were identified based on guidance from the steering group authors and input from Frontiers editors.These descriptions were researched and written by the editors at Frontiers.You are invited to continue to explore and monitor the technologies drivi

36、ng transformational change across economies,industries,and global issues.Explore more here.Example Strategic Intelligence transformation mapFIGURE 2Source:2024 World Economic ForumTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 20246Building Strategic Intelligence:a readers guideBOX 1Emerging technologies have the

37、potential to reshape industries,economies and societal structures,presenting both opportunities and challenges for organizations of all sizes and types.The following questions are designed to facilitate a deeper understanding of how the top 10 emerging technologies may impact your organization and i

38、dentify strategic pathways for innovation and growth.You are encouraged to approach these questions with an open mind,considering your organizations unique context and objectives.Whether you are a business leader,technologist,academic or policy-maker,this framework is intended to serve as a starting

39、 point for strategic discussions and decision-making processes within your organization.If this technology achieves scale,how will it impact my organizations operations and objectives?What are the potential applications of this technology in my organizations current or future focus areas?What steps

40、can my organization take to position itself as a key player in using and applying this technology effectively?What partnerships or collaborations are essential for success in this rapidly evolving technological landscape?Does the adoption of this technology imply significant shifts in our organizati

41、ons core business,talent structure or operational processes?How can my organization adapt its current strategy to harness the potential of this new technology as a driver of innovation,growth and/or impact?Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 20247AI for scientific discoveryPioneering new frontiers in kn

42、owledge01Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence(AI)such as deep learning,generative AI and other foundation models enable scientists to make discoveries that would have been near-impossible otherwise and accelerate the rate of scientific discovery more broadly.Over the past few years,there has bee

43、n a transformation in how AI is used in scientific discoveries.From Deep Minds AlphaFold an AI system that accurately predicts the 3D models of protein structures to discovering a new family of antibiotics and materials for more efficient batteries,the world is on the cusp of an AI-driven revolution

44、 in how new knowledge is discovered and used.1,2,3 According to a recent report from the United States Presidents Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,“AI has the potential to transform every scientific discipline and many aspects of the way we conduct science”.4While AI has been used in re

45、search for many years,recent advances in deep learning,generative AI and foundation models are transformative.Scientists are building and using large language models to mine scientific literature,working with AI chatbots to brainstorm new hypotheses,creating AI models capable of analysing vast amoun

46、ts of scientific data,and using deep learning to make discoveries.They are also exploring how AI and robotics can be integrated with lab-based methods to accelerate research in innovative ways.As a result,AI is emerging as a transformative general-purpose technology in scientific research that can u

47、nearth discoveries that would have otherwise remained hidden.With the current rate of innovation,these are likely to lead to advances inthe areas of:Diagnosis,treatment and prevention of diseases.Novel materials that enable next-generation green technologies.Breakthroughs in the life sciences that e

48、xtend current understanding of biology.Transformative leaps in how the human mind isunderstood,and many more.Scientists predict that general-purpose AI will transform every part of the scientific discovery process over the next few years.Researchers can draw on past findings to envision new possibil

49、ities AI allows connections to be made and inferences to be drawn that lie beyond the capacity of human minds alone.Ethical considerations and challenges remain the extent of the risk to individual privacy,autonomy and identity and the possibility of societal disruptions caused by these powerful tec

50、hnologies are not yetfully known.5 Additionally,environmental impacts resulting from the energy consumption and resource extraction needed to sustain AI growth must also be considered.Equally,more research is needed to manage the impact of the technology effectively.6 For example,tackling inherent b

51、iases in data sets and enhancing the reliability of model-generated content is crucial to scientific integrity.Ensuring ethical data use and safeguarding research subject privacy require stringent security measures.Navigating intellectual property rights,particularly ownership and copyright of model

52、-generated content is essential to a collaborative environment and must be addressed.Image:AI breakthroughs in deep learning and generative models are transforming scientific discovery.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Complex data points coming together and being simplified”Rea

53、d more:For more expert analysis,visit the AIfor scientific discovery transformation map.Olga FinkAssistant Professor,Intelligent Maintenance and Operations Systems,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in LausanneThomas HartungProfessor,Bloomberg School of Public Health,Johns Hopkins UniversitySang

54、Yup LeeSenior Vice-President,Research;Distinguished Professor,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Andrew MaynardProfessor,School for the Future of Innovation in Society,Arizona State UniversityScientists are building and using large language models to mine scientific literature,workin

55、g with AI chatbots to brainstorm new hypotheses,creating AI models capable of analysing vast amounts of scientific data,and using deep learning to make discoveries.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 20249Regions of innovationLeading-edge industriesTop five countries by academic grant funding Internet$6

56、6.5 billionComputer hardware$4.3 billionHealthcare$10.3 billionSoftware$24.1 billionIndustrials$4.2 billionIndustries with the most funding in AI for scientific discovery from 2021-2023Countries with the most business and academic grant funding in AI for scientific discovery from 2021-2023Top five c

57、ountries by business fundingUnited States$74.1 billion1Canada$58 million2United States$3.6 billion1United Kingdom$547 million4Norway$143 million5Japan$33 million3United Kingdom$5.2 billion4Germany$2.5 billion5China$19 billion2India$5.8 billion 3Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202410Privacy-enhancing

58、 technologiesEmpowering global collaboration at scale02Access to increasingly large datasets especially when using AI transforms research,discovery and innovation.However,concerns around privacy,security and data sovereignty limit the degree to which high-value data can be shared and used nationally

59、 and globally.An emerging and powerful suite of technologies makes it possible to share and use sensitive data in ways that address these concerns.In recent years,there has been growing interest in“synthetic data”.7 These data replicate the patterns and trends in sensitive datasets but do not contai

60、n specific information that could be linked to individuals or compromise organizations or governments.Powered by advances in AI,synthetic data removes many of the restrictions to working with sensitive data and opens new possibilities in global data sharing and collaborative research on biological p

61、henomena,health-related studies,training AI models and more.However,even with the advent of synthetic data at a national level,health trends in a source nation will be exposed,and such concerns will need to be overcome.There has also been renewed interest in homomorphic encryption,a technology from

62、the 1970s.8,9 Rather than recreate datasets with the same characteristics as the raw data,homomorphic encryption allows encoded data to be analysed without the raw data being directly accessible.While promising,such encryption requires significantly more energy and time to achieve a secure result.As

63、 advances in AI transform the value of data,techniques like synthetic data generation and homomorphic encryption are predicted to enable sharing and access to data while ensuring privacy,security and data sovereignty.Within health-related research,in particular,access to data in ways that dont compr

64、omise the rights and safety of individuals and communities is already showing promise for accelerating advances in disease detection,treatment and prevention.10Effective data sharing and utilization technologies that protect privacy,security and data sovereignty are essential if the emerging potenti

65、al of AI is to be realized.Yet,despite their potential,synthetic data and homomorphic encryption have several limitations.These include poor representation of potentially significant edge cases or outliers in the case of synthetic data and the potential ability to infer or reconstruct sensitive data

66、 despite the de-identification inherent in both techniques.Further work on the technologies and the use policies surrounding them will be necessary to ensure their success.11Olga FinkAssistant Professor,Intelligent Maintenance and Operations Systems,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in LausanneL

67、isette van Gemert-PijnenProfessor,Persuasive Health Technology,University of TwenteDongwon LeeProfessor,Pennsylvania State UniversityAndrew MaynardProfessor,School for the Future of Innovation in Society,Arizona State UniversityBastiaan van SchijndelInnovation Manager,ZORGTTP Image:Privacy-enhancing

68、 technologies enable secure sharing and use of sensitive data.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Data points obscured by frosted glass with etchings”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the privacy-enhancing technologies transformation map.Powered by advances in AI,synthetic

69、data removes many of the restrictions to working with sensitive data and opens new possibilities in global data sharing and collaborative research on biological phenomena,health-related studies,training AI models and more.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202412Regions of innovationLeading-edge indust

70、riesInternet$5.1 billionHealthcare$429 millionElectronics$1.5 billionSoftware$1.7 billionIndustrials$189 millionIndustries with the most funding in privacy-enhancing technologies from 2021-2023Countries with the most business and academic grant funding in privacy-enhancing technologies from 2021-202

71、3Top five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding United Kingdom$895 million4Netherlands$1.2 billion3Switzerland$14 million3Cayman Islands$467 millionUnited States$4.6 billion 1United Kingdom$39 million2Czechia$6 million4Finland$4 million5United States$372 million1C

72、hina$1.6 billion25Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202413Reconfigurable intelligent surfacesTransforming wireless connectivity with smart mirrors03Mohamed-Slim AlouiniAl-Khwarizmi Distinguished Professor,Electrical and Computer Engineering,King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyJoseph Cost

73、antineAssociate Professor,Electrical and Computer Engineering,American University of BeirutMarco Di RenzoCNRS Research Director,Laboratory of Signals and Systems(L2S),Paris-Saclay UniversityJavier Garcia-MartinezProfessor,Chemistry and Director,Molecular Nanotechnology Lab,University of AlicanteGlob

74、al demand for higher data rates,lower latency and energy-efficient connectivity is skyrocketing.12 The highly anticipated launch of 6G by 2030 is expected to intensify this pressure even further.To meet these challenges,future networks will need to be engineered for enhanced capacity and connectivit

75、y and with a strong focus on environmental sustainability.Enter reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS),platforms that use metamaterials,smart algorithms and advanced signal processing to turn ordinary walls and surfaces into intelligent components for wireless communication.Akin to the idea of“sma

76、rt mirrors”,RIS enable the precision focusing control of electromagnetic waves,reducing interference and the need for high transmission power.Equally,RIS are highly adaptive and can dynamically adjust configurations according to real-time demands.This adaptability enables efficient use of resources

77、and enhances energy efficiency in wireless networks.13,14,15The development of hardware platforms and a surge in experimental initiatives in the field of RIS have drawn considerable interest from telecommunication stakeholders keen on exploring its potential for next-generation wireless networks.A s

78、ignificant milestone was the effective integration of RIS into existing wireless networks.Several RIS platforms have showcased the technologys impressive capabilities from a hardware perspective.16The growth of RIS is likely to impact several industrial sectors broadly.17 For example,tailored radio

79、wave propagation in smart factories can ensure reliable communication in a highly complex environment.RIS allow sensors to transmit data with minimal power for the internet of things(IoT),which demands considerable energy.For vehicular networks,RIS enhance safety by enabling robust communications be

80、tween vehicles and infrastructure.To improve coverage in agricultural settings,RIS are a promising solution with low energy consumption and high-cost efficiency.18Market intelligence reports suggest RIS are on the cusp of exponential adoption and growth.Several companies,including Rhode&Schwarz,Huaw

81、ei,ZTE,Intel and Samsung,are all investing in RIS,sending a strong signal that RIS will be central to the telecommunications landscape in the coming years.19Before this happens,however,several outstanding challenges will have to be addressed,including high hardware costs and the need for clear stand

82、ards and regulations on the secure and ethical use of the technology.20 Image:RIS enhance data rates and energy efficiency while reducing interference and are critical to next-generation wireless networks.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Close up 3D render of modular wireless t

83、ransmitter”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the RIS transformation map.RIS are highly adaptive and can dynamically adjust configurations according to real-time demands.This adaptability enables efficient use of resources and enhances energy efficiency in wireless networks.Top 10 Emerging Tec

84、hnologies of 202415Regions of innovationCountries with the most business and academic grant funding in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces from 2021-2023Leading-edge industriesMobile and telecommunications$25 billionEnergy and utilities$7.9 billionInternet$11 billionElectronics$6.3 billionIndustries

85、 with the most funding in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces from 2021-2023 Software$16 billionTop five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Sweden$3.7 billion4Australia$2.1 billion5China$18 billion2United Kingdom$5.1 billion3United States$43 billion1Canada$23 m

86、illion5United States$519 million1Norway$30 million4China$49 million3United Kingdom$94 million2Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202416High altitude platform stationsBridging the internet divide from the stratosphere04High altitude platform stations(HAPS)operate at stratospheric altitudes,approximately

87、 20 kilometres above Earth.Typically taking the form of balloons,airships,or fixed-wing aircraft,they offer a stable platform for observation and communication and can operate for months.Advances in solar panel efficiency,battery energy density,lightweight composite materials,autonomous avionics and

88、 antennas,coupled with the expansion of frequency bands and new aviation standards,make HAPS viable in the near term.HAPS can deliver connectivity,coverage and performance enhancements that neither satellites nor terrestrial towers can match,particularly in areas with difficult terrains such as moun

89、tains,jungles or deserts.21Access to the connected world serves as a bridge to the future,creating pathways to prosperity and new educational possibilities as well as strengthening the fabric of social connectivity.Yet,according to the International Telecommunication Union(ITU),about one-third of pe

90、ople worldwide remain offline.Women and older adults are disproportionally affected.22 A key component in addressing this challenge is better infrastructure.HAPS could improve connectivity for communities underserved by traditional communications infrastructure,particularly in remote areas.The COVID

91、-19 pandemic highlighted the critical nature of internet access,revealing how disparities in connectivity perpetuate socioeconomic inequalities.By bridging this digital divide,HAPS technology could enable access to educational,healthcare and economic opportunities.In addition to providing internet a

92、ccess,these adaptable platforms can play an important role in various critical applications,from supporting disaster management to enhancing broadband coverage and environmental monitoring.The ability of HAPS to quickly deploy and adapt to changing conditions could make them an invaluable tool in ma

93、naging emergencies,where timely information and communication can save lives.23Investment in HAPS from aerospace engineering leaders has created advancements in materials,propulsion systems and solar cell technology.24 HAPS are now economically viable for commercial and real-world deployment.Organiz

94、ations with extensive knowledge in and resources for developing reliable,long-endurance HAPS have aided its evolution and role inthe future of communications infrastructure.Industry examples include the Airbus Zephyr,Thales Stratobus and Boeing Aurora projects.Lower latency,reduced costs,higher capa

95、city,easy hardware upgrades and faster deployment are attractive commercial propositions.The market size was valued at$783.3 million in 2023 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 10.4%from 2023 to 2033.25However,HAPS,operating at stratospheric altitudes for extremely long durat

96、ions,are different from traditional crewed aircraft in several ways,and current regulatory frameworks are not fit for purpose.Organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)are actively discussing new policies and guidance to enable the responsible deployment of HAPS.26Moha

97、med-Slim AlouiniAl-Khwarizmi Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering,King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyMariette DiChristinaDean and Professor,Practice in Journalism,Boston University College of Communication Image:HAPS provide enhanced,long-term connectivity an

98、d communication in remote and underserved areas.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“High altitude scientific aerospace balloon.Digital signal connectivity”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the HAPS transformation map.HAPS can deliver connectivity,coverage and performance en

99、hancements that neither satellites nor terrestrial towers can match,particularly in areas with difficult terrains such as mountains,jungles or deserts.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202418Regions of innovationAutomotive and transport$1 billionBusiness products and services$35 millionSoftware$76 mil

100、lionIndustrials$887 millionMobile and telecommunications$27 millionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in high altitude platform stations from 2021-2023Top five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Countries with the most business and academic

101、 grant funding in high altitude platform stations from 2021-2023FranceGermany$222 million4Switzerland$5 million3$636 million1United States$447 million2United Kingdom$251 million3Ireland$190 million5Norway$4 million4United States$78 million1United Kingdom$14 million2Japan$3 million5Top 10 Emerging Te

102、chnologies of 202419Integrated sensing and communicationBuilding next-generation networks with digital awareness05Decades of separate development in sensing and communications technologies have resulted in a surplus of devices with overlapping functions,leading to device congestion,spectrum ineffici

103、ency and financial loss.27 Integrated sensing and communications(ISAC)addresses this by bringing sensing and communication capabilities into a single system,facilitating simultaneous data collection and transmission.This integration optimizes hardware,energy and cost efficiency while also enabling n

104、ovel applications beyond conventional communication paradigms.28ISAC makes wireless networks environment-aware,enabling capabilities like localization,environment mapping and infrastructure monitoring.Examples of this include environmental monitoring systems that use sensors and data analytics to mo

105、nitor air and water quality,soil moisture and weather conditions.These systems help in smart agriculture,environmental conservation and urban planning.Additionally,smart grids integrate sensors and communication technologies into power grids,enhancing efficiency and reliability while enabling the mo

106、nitoring of electricity consumption and generation.29,30The adoption of ISAC also promises to render device utilization more sustainable.Potential benefits include reduced energy and silicon consumption alongside improved options for device reuse,recycling or repurposing.31Optical-wireless ISAC tech

107、nology represents a particularly exciting advancement.By integrating sensing and communication capabilities,lighting and display systems can seamlessly become part of the wireless ecosystem.Illuminated surfaces can serve as network nodes,facilitating communication and sensing without electromagnetic

108、 interference.This is especially advantageous in sensitive environments such as smart healthcare and industrial manufacturing.32However,the realization of ISACs potential hinges on surmounting technical hurdles,establishing communication standards and ensuring network-level coordination.Its success

109、will be gauged by its adoption across various industries,from connected cars to e-health.33 This underscores the imperative for ongoing innovation and collaboration in this field.Mohamed-Slim AlouiniAl-Khwarizmi Distinguished Professor,Electrical and Computer Engineering,King Abdullah University of

110、Science and TechnologyJoseph CostantineAssociate Professor,Electrical and Computer Engineering,American University of BeirutChristos MasourosProfessor,Signal Processing and Wireless Communications,University College London Image:ISAC combine data collection and transmission into a single system,opti

111、mizing efficiency and enabling innovative applications.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Overlapping,pulsing sound waves”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the ISAC transformation map.ISAC makes wireless networks environment-aware,enabling capabilities like localization,en

112、vironment mapping and infrastructure monitoring.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202421Regions of innovationInternet$3.9 billionComputer hardware$412 millionMobile and telecommunications$1.2 billionElectronics$2.4 billionSoftware$250 millionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in i

113、ntegrated sensing and communication from 2021-2023 Countries with the most business and academic grant funding in integrated sensing and communication from 2021-2023Top five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Canada$221 million5China$665 million3Netherlands$1.2

114、 billion2Isreal$507 millionUnited States$5.2 billion1United States$325 million1United Kingdom$12 million3Czechia$5 million5Norway$19 million2Canada$11 million44Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202422Immersive technology for the built worldLaying new foundations for construction and maintenance06As ma

115、jor tech platforms search for utility inthe metaverse,one industry stands poised for transformation:construction.Immersive and AI-driven immersive reality tools for the built world allow designers and construction professionals to check the congruence between the physical and digital,ensuring accura

116、cy and safety and advancing sustainability.Construction is one of the worlds largest and most impactful industries,contributing 40%of global carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions.34 Despite its immense footprint,the industry has been slow to embrace the digital revolution.However,immersive technology holds t

117、he promise of transforming this landscape.Immersive design experiences help anticipate the challenges that could evolve during construction by testing hypotheses,identifying potential errors and providing solutions before construction starts.Virtual prototyping and experimentation increase accuracy.

118、Digital twins,already in widespread industrial use,could be used to simulate outcomes of far more complex proposals for urban development projects,better develop infrastructure and serve constituents,and allow greater efficiency and effectiveness.Crucially,this would streamline the construction proc

119、ess from design to implementation,allowing waste to be identified and eliminated,improving both efficiency and sustainability.35Equally,for an industry that is booming,a skill and labour shortage is emerging to the point where supply is now critically low.In the US alone,the national trade associati

120、on Associated Builders and Contractors estimates that in 2025,the industry will need to bring in nearly 454,000 new workers on top of normal hiring to meet industry demand.36 The metaverse has the potential to mitigate skill and labour shortages through the creation of immersive learning and trainin

121、g environments,regardless of location,for professionals in the architecture,engineering and construction industries.37The metaverse also stands to improve efficiencies in upkeep and inspection.A Japanese construction company,for example,estimates that nationwide,one million hours are spent simply tr

122、avelling to inspections.38 If the metaverse provides robust and reliable remote inspection capabilities,these million hours could be reallocated towards other critical work.Arguably,the next leap forward in this field will be the incorporation of generative AI,with text-to-building information model

123、ling possibly converting textual prompts directly into detailed,three-dimensional building models,encompassing construction specifications,safety information and other metadata.39Although risks may include privacy and access to energy,especially in the developing world,a proactive and collaborative

124、approach will encourage innovation while making it inclusive and safe.The promise to reduce the gap between conceptualization and implementation might end up rendering obsolete some of the most technical professional figures in the design field,calling for novel training paths and upskilling program

125、mes.Carlo RattiProfessor,Urban Technologies,Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLandry SigneProfessor,Thunderbird School of Global Management,Arizona State UniversityIzuru TakewakiPresident and Professor,Kyoto Arts and Crafts University Professor Emeritus of Architectural Engineering,Kyoto Universi

126、ty Image:Immersive technology transforms construction by integrating digital and physical worlds,enhancing accuracy,safety and sustainability.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Brightly blue coloured cross section of a skyscraper”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the immer

127、sive technology transformation map.Crucially,this would streamline the construction process from design to implementation,allowing waste to be identified and eliminated,improving both efficiency and sustainability.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202424Regions of innovationCountries with the most bus

128、iness and academic grant funding in immersive technology for the built world from 2021-2023Internet$18 billionMobile and telecommunications$472 millionSoftware$2.3 billionIndustrials$3.8 billionComputer hardware$220 millionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in immersive technolo

129、gy for the built world from 2021-2023Top five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding United States$21.2 billion1Canada$838 million3United Kingdom$604 million4Kenya$506 million5China$2 billion2United States$611 million1United Kingdom$323 million2Norway$61 million3Sw

130、itzerland$49 million4Czechia$15 million5Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202425ElastocaloricsPowering heat systems to work like muscles07Mine OrluProfessor,Pharmaceutics,University College LondonWilfried WeberScientific Director,Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsAs global temperatures rise,the need

131、for cooling solutions is set to soar.The International Energy Agency(IEA)estimates that the global energy demand for space cooling will more than triple over the next 30 years,accounting for about 37%of global electricity demand growth by 2050.40 Elastocaloric heat pumps are an innovative technology

132、 that can drastically reduce the energy required for heating and cooling several times over.41The potential impact of elastocaloric heat pumps,particularly in the context of heightening demand for cool air,is substantial.A US Department of Energy study ranks them as the most promising alternative to

133、 current systems.42 The heart of this technology is elastocaloric materials,which emit heat when subjected to mechanical stress and cool down when the stress is relaxed.This allows them to operate on a continuous stress and relaxation cycle.The added benefit of elastocaloric heat pumps is that they

134、do not rely on refrigerant gases,which are potentially damaging to the environment.Instead,they make use of widely available metals like nickel and titanium.Taken together,the environmental impact of catering to emerging energy requirements for temperate control can be significantly reduced by elast

135、ocaloric technology.Socially,this technology can enhance access to cooling in regions with limited or no grid-based electricity,thereby improving quality of life and addressing a key aspect of climate change impact.43Research and development in the field is advancing quickly,with the rate of scienti

136、fic publications doubling every 22 months.The surge in patent applications,with automotive and cooling industries taking the lead,underscores the growing commercial interest in this technology.On the technological side,there has been steady improvement in materials and device designs;new prototypes

137、are able to demonstrate what elastocaloric heat pumps can achieve.Similarly,universities and businesses have introduced several functional elastocaloric heat pump models,exploring the use of complementary materials and innovative production techniques.44Scaling elastocaloric heat pumps involves over

138、coming some big hurdles.These pumps need materials that can last through millions of cycles of being stretched and relaxed without breaking down a process thats being tackled by experimenting with different metal alloys and manufacturing techniques.Engineers are working on systems that can efficient

139、ly move energy using hydraulics to help squeeze or stretch materials,which can trigger heating or cooling.45Additionally,for these heat pumps to become widely available,the production of these materials needs to scale up significantly to align with the constantly increasing demand for cooling that h

140、as been forecast in the face of global warming.However,with growing commercial interest and technological innovation,the future looks promising for the widespread adoption of elastocaloric heat pumps,ushering in a new era of efficient and environmentally friendly cooling solutions.Image:Elastocalori

141、cs offer a groundbreaking cooling solution,drastically reducing energy use without harmful refrigerants.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Close up 3D render of metal bending.Releasing heat”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the elastocalorics transformation map.The environ

142、mental impact of catering to emerging energy requirements for temperature control can be significantly reduced by elastocaloric technology.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202427Regions of innovationCountries with the most business and academic grant funding in elastocalorics from 2021-2023Top five c

143、ountries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding United States$1.1 billion2Italy$555 million3Germany$443 million5Netherlands$475 million4Sweden$3.7 billion1United States$295 million1United Kingdom$171 million2Norway$12 million3Switzerland$11 million4Czechia$8 million5Leading-

144、edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in elastocalorics from 2021-2023Energy and utlities$5.3 billionBusiness product and services$214 millionAutomotive and transport$662 millionInternet$205 millionIndustrials$642 millionTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 202428Carbon-capturing microbesEngine

145、ering organisms to convert emissions into valuable products08Amid the urgency of climate change,a silent revolution brews:microorganisms are being used to capture greenhouse gases from air or exhaust gases and convert them into high-value products.To drive this process,the organisms use sunlight or

146、chemical energy such as hydrogen.Engineering the organisms promises a wide palette of sustainable products while simultaneously reducing global warming.Microbial carbon capture is emerging as a promising strategy to control atmospheric CO2 and mitigate global warming.46 Simultaneously,it can produce

147、 various products with significant market potential,such as fuels,fertilizers and animal feed.To achieve this,researchers are developing microorganisms including bacteria and microalgae that use sunlight or sustainable chemical energy to absorb and transform gases.There are two main designs for micr

148、obial carbon capture.The first,photobioreactors,use photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria and microalgae to capture CO2,employing sunlight to process CO2-laden gas bubbled through a bath containing such organisms.The second is when microorganisms capture CO2 by using energy from sources like h

149、ydrogen,organic waste streams or other chemicals derived from CO2 using renewable energy.47 Regardless of whether they use sunlight or chemicals for energy,both systems modify organisms to convert CO2 into new products,such as biodiesel or protein-rich animal feed.48 The product value of each system

150、 varies significantly;the choice between which system to use depends on the specific needs and capabilities of the implementing company,such as available resources.This also means that companies could,once implemented,generate new products for the market instead of paying between$50 and$100 per tonn

151、e of CO2 to offset their emissions.The technology is driven by organizations specializing in cell modification to boost specific substance production.49 Following a series of successful demonstrations and proofs-of-concept,microbial carbon capture is now ready to transition from pilot to full-scale

152、production.By 2022,global investment in the technology had already reached$6.4 billion,highlighting its readiness to be brought to market.50 Companies such as Seambiotic in Israel,Alga Energy in Spain and Bio Process Algae in the US have deployed pilot-scale facilities to explore the commercial viab

153、ility of microbial carbon capture systems.Despite significant progress,microbial carbon capture systems still face challenges that hinder their widespread adoption and commercialization.Firstly,microorganisms are mostly adapted to low-temperature conditions and are less effective in capturing CO2 fr

154、om hot industrial exhaust gases.Additional energy consuming cooling facilities are needed.Optimization requires investigating how to improve microbial resistance to industrial exhaust levels of heat,as well as resistance against acidic impurities.51 Secondly,existing microbial carbon capture systems

155、 are still very expensive.52 However,the high value of the products could offset at least part of this cost.Lastly,production sites need an abundance of sunlight and access to renewable or clean energy,which is not guaranteed across all global regions.53 Only when these challenges are overcome will

156、the full potential of the technology be realized as part of the global effort to achieve a net-zero emission world.Sang Yup LeeSenior Vice-President,Research;Distinguished Professor,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyHailong LiProfessor,School of Energy Science and Technology,Central

157、South UniversityWilfried WeberScientific Director,Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsZequn YangAssociate Professor,School of Energy Science and Technology,Central South University Image:Microorganisms engineered to capture carbon can convert greenhouse gases into valuable products like fuels and fer

158、tilizers.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Bright individual green DNA encased in a square grid.Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the microbial carbon capture transformation map.Companies could,once implemented,generate new products for the market instead of paying betwee

159、n$50 and$100 per tonne of CO2 to offset their emissions.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202430Regions of innovationTop five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Environmental services$2.4 billionHealthcare$515 millionEnergy and utilities$619 millionAgriculture$84

160、6 millionInternet$166 millionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in carbon-capturing microbes from 2021-2023Countries with the most business and academic grant funding in carbon-capturing microbes from 2021-2023Iceland$150 million4United States$3.3 billion1Canada$445 million2Aust

161、ralia$125 million5United Kingdom$247 million3Canada$5 million5United States$317 million1United Kingdom$23 million2Germany$5 million4Switzerland$7 million3Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202431Alternative livestock feedsRevolutionizing animal nutrition for sustainability09Mariette DiChristinaDean,Bos

162、ton University College of CommunicationJavier Garcia-MartinezProfessor,Chemistry and Director,Molecular Nanotechnology Lab,University of AlicanteAlternative livestock feeds offer sustainable solutions to address the growing demand for protein in animal agriculture.These feeds,sourced from insects,si

163、ngle-cell proteins,algae and food waste,provide viable alternatives to traditional ingredients like soy,maize and wheat.54Feed alternatives offer substantial sustainability improvements.Currently,nearly 80%of soy production is used as animal feed,leading to significant negative environmental consequ

164、ences.55 This demand drives deforestation,biodiversity loss,over-fertilization and greenhouse gas emissions from land-use changes.Transitioning to alternative livestock feeds could mitigate these challenges and promote more environmentally sustainable practices in animal agriculture.A further advant

165、age of alternative animal feed is the diversity and nutritional value it adds,which can play a critical role in protecting animal welfare.It can offer a broader range of nutrients than conventional feeds,improving animal health and well-being and,potentially,the quality of the produce itself.56 For

166、instance,insects can be produced on an industrial scale to yield high-quality protein,while single-cell proteins or algae can supply essential proteins and fats for several species of animals.Additionally,capturing human food waste or using ingredients like algae,azolla,chickpeas and orange pulp are

167、 emerging as promising alternatives.57The cost-benefit of these alternative sources is also a key factor.They are often cheaper to produce and obtain.The use of black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)is an example;studies show that adding BSFL into animal diets can reduce the costs associated with feed.This

168、is primarily because BSFL can be cultivated from organic waste,reducing the need for traditional,more expensive feed ingredients like fish meal or soybean meal.58The market for alternative ingredients to feed livestock is vibrant,and multiple companies worldwide have now successfully introduced qual

169、ity alternative options.59 In 2023,the global animal feed alternative protein market was valued at$3.96 billion.It is projected to significantly grow in value over the next decade,increasing to$8.2 billion by 2033.60Alternative animal feed is,however,more than a one-size-fits-all solution.Its feasib

170、ility varies based on local availability,manufacturing costs and environmental and social conditions.Other challenges,including environmental regulations,ethical concerns and competition,remain.Sustainable feed resources are increasingly competing with sustainable fuel production,for example.This co

171、mpetition could limit the availability of livestock feeds,potentially driving up prices and hindering widespread adoption.The future success of the alternative animal feed industry depends on its ability to navigate these challenges and adapt to the demand for more sustainable and efficient feed opt

172、ions.Image:Alternative livestock feeds provide sustainable and nutritious alternatives to traditional animal feed,and reduce environmental impact.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Single-cell,algae”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the alternative livestock feeds transfor

173、mation map.Transitioning to alternative livestock feeds could promote more environmentally sustainable practices in animal agriculture.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202433Regions of innovationTop five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Countries with the most

174、 business and academic grant funding in alternative livestock feeds from 2021-2023United States$8,168 million1Canada$0.9 million4United States$12 million1Canada$676 million5Portugal$2 million2Chile$733 million4France$2,251 million2Poland$1 million3Slovakia$0.6 million5Israel$1,000 million3Food and b

175、everage$11 billionHealthcare$781 millionInternet$920 millionAgriculture$2.2 billionConsumer products and services$722 millionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in alternative livestock feeds from 2021-2023Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202434Genomics for transplantsGene-editing

176、 organs for transplantation advancements10David K CooperSenior Investigator,Center for Transplantation Sciences,Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolEmanuele CozziProfessor,Transplantation Immunology,Padua University HospitalGeoffrey LingProfessor,Neurology,Johns Hopkins HospitalBern

177、ard MeyersonChief Innovation Officer Emeritus,IBMOrgan transplantation,a significant advancement in medicine during the latter half of the 20th century,has continued to progress.This ongoing evolution was underscored by a remarkable milestone in March 2024:the first successful transplantation of a n

178、on-human(pig)kidney into a living human recipient.61 This progress is driven by fundamental enablers such as our ability to understand and precisely edit the genome.Organ transplants save lives but the need far outstrips the available donor pool.In the US alone,more than 100,000 patients are awaitin

179、g an organ transplant,and yet only approximately 30,000 organs will become available this year.62To meet this need,for more than three decades,steady progress has been made in the science dealing with the transplantation of organs from animals into humans.Thanks to technology like CRISPR-Cas9,it is

180、now possible to create multiple genetic manipulations in a single pig to overcome the immunological(rejection)barrier.These include inserting genes that may impact the function of the transplanted pig organ and deleting genes for viruses that might infect the patient who receives a pig graft.While s

181、ome pigs have undergone as many as 69 gene edits,the majority have approximately 10 gene edits.63This ability to understand and precisely edit the genome,coupled with novel immunosuppressive drug regimens,has enabled the survival of non-human primates with life-supporting pig kidneys or hearts for p

182、eriods now extending months or even years in the case of kidney transplantation.Furthermore,understanding genomes offers much more than organs for transplantation.Over one million patients in the US have type 1 diabetes(juvenile diabetes),and an estimated 30 million have type 2 diabetes,which could

183、be cured by the transplantation of pig pancreatic islet cells(which produce insulin).64 There are over one million patients in the US with debilitating Parkinsons disease;implanting specialized pig cells could improve their condition.65If“xenotransplantation”,or the transplantation of organs from an

184、imals into humans,becomes a common form of therapy,it would impact not only the quality of life of millions of patients but could also bring about changes in the healthcare economy.For example,there could be significant reductions in the number of staff involved in dialysis programmes and an increas

185、e in those involved in all aspects of organ and cell transplantation,including pig breeding.Although xenotransplantation will initially be expensive,it might soon prove less costly than maintaining a patient on long-term dialysis or a patient with heart failure who requires frequent emergency admiss

186、ions to the hospital.Progress in the laboratory has been sufficiently encouraging,enabling the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to approve pig heart transplants in two living patients(in 2022 and 2023)and a pig kidney transplant in one patient(in 2024).66,67,68 Although the recipients of all thre

187、e transplants sadly passed away after the procedures,the trajectory of human organ donations indicates that survival rates will significantly improve as research progresses and techniques advance.Xenotransplantation raises ethical considerations that need further exploration,ideally by various leade

188、rs in policy,business and societal spaces.In addition,a vast amount of data still needs to be acquired from initial patient trials to ensure the efficacy of treatments is maximized.However,solid prior learnings from established transplant technology,combined with the increasing capability and droppi

189、ng costs of gene-editing techniques,indicate good reasons to be optimistic regarding the future of interspecies transplants to prevent the needless loss of hundreds of thousands of human lives each year.How quickly these changes in healthcare and industry occur will also depend on how regulatory aut

190、horities and society respond to this new therapy field.Image:Genomics for transplants can potentially revolutionize transplantation and address organ shortages.Credit:Midjourney and Studio Miko.Prompt(abbreviated):“Cells”Read more:For more expert analysis,visit the genomics for transplants transform

191、ation map.This ability to understand and precisely edit the genome,coupled with novel immunosuppressive drug regimens,has enabled the survival of nonhuman primates with life-supporting pig kidneys or hearts for periods now extending months or even years.Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202436Regions

192、of innovationCountries with the most business and academic grant funding in genomics for transplants from 2021-2023Healthcare$3.3 billionLeading-edge industriesIndustries with the most funding in genomics for transplants from 2021-2023Consumer products and services$1 millionIndustrials$21 millionAgr

193、iculture$11 millionTop five countries by business fundingTop five countries by academic grant funding Canada$14 million5United States$610 million1United Kingdom$70 million2Czechia$19 million4Switzerland$25 million3Belgium$299 million2France$141 million4China$178 million3Switzerland$107 million5Unite

194、d States$2.4 billion1Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 202437Appendix:Data methodologyThis appendix provides a detailed overview of the data sources,collection methods,processing steps,analytical techniques,assumptions and limitations used in this report.This information is crucial for understanding t

195、he context and reliability of the data presented in the graphics.Academic grant funding:Data was sourced from Dimensions for all grants starting between 2021 and 2023.Business funding:Data was sourced from CB Insights for total funding from 2021 to 2023.Data was collected based on the following crit

196、eria:Geographical scope:For academic grant funding,the location of the primary affiliated institutions of the grantees was used.For funding data,the location of the companies that received funding was considered.Time period:Data was collected for the period from January 2021 to December 2023.Industr

197、y scope:Specific technology sectors were analysed using key phrase matches against titles and abstracts of grants and funding records.The following steps were taken to process the data:Cleaning and preparation:Grants with no funding amounts were excluded from the counts and sums.Similarly,data entri

198、es without relevant funding amounts were excluded from the analysis.Transformation:Key phrase matching was performed against titles and abstracts to identify relevant records.Software and tools:Data processing was conducted using software tools such as Python for data cleaning and transformation.The

199、 following analytical techniques and methodologies were employed:Statistical methods:Analysis of the number of grants and total funding amounts by region and industry.Visualization tools:Visualizations were created using CB Insights to illustrate funding trends by geography and industry.A1 Introduct

200、ionA2 Data sourcesA3 Data collection methodsA4 Data processingA5 Analytical techniquesTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 202438 Assumptions:It was assumed that the data provided by Dimensions and CB Insights is accurate and up-to-date as of the run date.Limitations:Potential biases exist due to the exc

201、lusion of grants and funding records with no funding amounts.The availability and granularity of data may vary across different regions and industries.Dimensions Database,2024.Data retrieved on 24/04/24.CB Insights Database,2024.Data retrieved on 24/04/24.A6 Assumptions and limitationsA7 ReferencesK

202、ey phrase matches for tech sectorsTABLE 1TechnologyKey phrasesAI for scientific discovery(Artificial intelligence OR large language models)AND(scientific discovery OR research OR science)Privacy-enhancing technologiesSynthetic data OR data simulation OR data generation OR data anonymization OR priva

203、cy-enhancing dataReconfigurable intelligent surfacesReconfigurable intelligent surfaces OR 6G OR wireless communication OR smart citiesIntegrated sensing and communicationsIntegrated sensing OR communications integration OR sensor fusion OR telemetry OR wireless sensor network OR multi-sensor system

204、sHigh altitude platform stationsHigh altitude platform system OR aeronautical engineering OR high-altitude platforms OR stratospheric OR high-altitude OR airship technologyImmersive technology for the built worldAssistive reality OR built environment OR building information modelling OR design compl

205、exity OR construction technology OR digital twin OR spatial computingElastocaloricsElastocaloric OR heat pumps OR cooling system OR thermal managementCarbon-capturing microbesMicrobial systems OR microbial carbon capture OR bioremediation OR microbial consortia OR microbial metabolismAlternative liv

206、estock feedsAlternative animal feed OR animal nutrition OR plant-based feed OR insect-based feedGenomics for transplantsGenetically engineered organs OR genetic engineering OR organ engineering OR transgenic organs OR organ transplantation OR tissue engineeringTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 202439W

207、orld Economic Forum Centre for the Fourth Industrial RevolutionKimmy BettingerLead,Strategic Impact,Centre for the Fourth Industrial RevolutionSebastian BuckupCo-Head,Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution;Member of the Executive CommitteeAlicia Patterson-WaitesSpecialist,Strategic Impact,Centr

208、e for the Fourth Industrial RevolutionStrategic Intelligence PlatformStephan MergenthalerHead,Strategic Intelligence;Member of the Executive CommitteeMinji SungSpecialist,Content and PartnershipsFrontiersJamie BarclayConsultantShirley DentHead,Public RelationsToby DoreManager,Advanced AnalyticsAmber

209、 LanhamSpecialist,Public AffairsGeorge ThomasManager,Public AffairsParticipating journals:Frontiers in Animal ScienceFrontiers in Artificial IntelligenceFrontiers in Big DataFrontiers in Built EnvironmentFrontiers in Communications and NetworksFrontiers in Digital HealthFrontiers in Energy ResearchF

210、rontiers in MaterialsFrontiers in Signal ProcessingTransplant InternationalContributorsAcknowledgementsThe Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution would like to thank the members of the steering group and the Forums expert network,who adjudicated the top 10 technologies and authored the articles

211、 in the report.AdviserMartin WezowskiChief Futurist,SAPSteering groupCo-ChairsMariette DiChristinaDean and Professor,Practice in Journalism,Boston University College of CommunicationBernard S.MeyersonChief Innovation Officer Emeritus,IBMMembersJoseph CostantineAssociate Professor,Electrical and Comp

212、uter Engineering,American University of BeirutSarah FawcettSenior Lecturer,Oceanography,University of Cape TownFrederick FenterChief Executive Editor,FrontiersOlga FinkAssistant Professor,Intelligent Maintenance and Operations Systems,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in LausanneTop 10 Emerging

213、Technologies of 202440Javier Garcia-MartinezProfessor,Chemistry and Director,Molecular Nanotechnology Lab,University of AlicanteDaniel E.HurtadoAssociate Professor,Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileJeremy JurgensManaging Director,World Economic ForumSang Yup LeeSenior Vice-President,Research;D

214、istinguished Professor,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyGeoffrey LingProfessor,Johns Hopkins UniversityAndrew D.MaynardProfessor,School for the Future of Innovation in Society,Arizona State UniversityRuth MorganVice-Dean,Interdisciplinarity Entrepreneurship;Professor,Crime and Foren

215、sic Science;Director,University College London Centre for the Forensic Sciences,University College LondonElizabeth ODayChief Executive Officer and Founder,OlarisMine OrluAssociate Professor,Pharmaceutics,University College LondonCarlo RattiProfessor,Urban Technologies,Massachusetts Institute of Tech

216、nologyLandry SignSenior Fellow,Global Economy and Development Program,Brookings InstitutionWilfried WeberScientific Director and Professor,New Materials,Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsExpert networkMohamed-Slim AlouiniAl-Khawarizmi Distinguished Professor,Electrical and Computer Engineering,King

217、 Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyDavid K CooperSenior Investigator,Center for Transplantation Sciences,Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolEmanuele CozziProfessor,Transplantation Immunology,Padua University HospitalMarco Di RenzoCNRS Research Director,Laboratory of Sign

218、als and Systems(L2S),Paris-Saclay UniversityLisette van Gemert-PijnenProfessor,Persuasive Health Technology,University of TwenteAdriana GrecoProfessor,University of Naples Federico II,Department of Industrial EngineeringDavid HarmonProfessor and Director,Graduate Studies,Department of Animal and Foo

219、d Sciences,University of KentuckyThomas HartungProfessor,Bloomberg School of Public Health,Johns Hopkins UniversityJames KlotzResearch Animal Scientist,United States Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research ServiceDongwon LeeProfessor and Director,Doctoral Programs,College of Information Scie

220、nces and Technology,Penn State UniversityHailong LiProfessor and Vice-Dean,School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South UniversityChristos MasourosProfessor,Signal Processing and Wireless Communications,Institute of Communications and Connected Systems,University College LondonClaudia Mass

221、elliProfessor,University of Naples Federico II,Department of Industrial EngineeringBastiaan van SchijndelInnovation Manager,ZORGTTPIzuru TakewakiPresident and Professor,Kyoto Arts and Crafts University,Professor Emeritus of Kyoto UniversityHans van VlaanderenDirector,ZORGTTPZequn YangAssociate Profe

222、ssor,School of Energy Science and Technology,Central South UniversityTop 10 Emerging Technologies of 202441World Economic ForumMaria AlonsoLead,Autonomous SystemsVidhi BhatiaSpecialist,Communications,Digital InclusionHelen BurdettHead,Technology for EarthValentin GolovtchenkoLead,Climate TechnologyA

223、ndreas HardemanManager,Aerospace,Aviation and Travel IndustriesNikolai KhlystovLead,Space TechnologyJitka KolarovaLead,Health&Healthcare InnovationBenjamin LarsenLead,Artificial Intelligence and Machine LearningCathy LiHead,AI,Data and Metaverse;Member of the Executive CommitteePierre MauryStrategic

224、 Integration Specialist,MobilityKelly OmmundsenHead,Digital Inclusion;Member of the Executive CommitteeBrynne StantonLead,BioeconomyKarla Yee AmezagaLead,Data PolicyProductionRose ChilversDesigner,Studio Miko Laurence Denmark Creative Director,Studio MikoSophie EbbageDesigner,Studio MikoMartha Howle

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264、1212Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744contactweforum.orgwww.weforum.orgThe World Economic Forum,committed to improving the state of the world,is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation.The Forum engages the foremost political,business and other leaders of society to shape global,regional and industry agendas.