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1、1 11Lightning protection of long CFRP blades长碳纤维叶片的雷电防护长碳纤维叶片的雷电防护9thChinese International Wind Power Conference第九届中国国际风电复合材料高峰论坛暨展览会Sren Find Madsen2023-03-312 22Sren Find MadsenHead of R&D,Electrical&MechanicalPolytech A/S 研发总监PhD in Lightning Protection of blades 叶片防雷博士15 years of industry experi

2、ence 15年从业经验Secretary of IEC TC88 MT24Lightning protection of wind turbines 风机雷电防护IEC TC88 MT24组织干事Secretary of CIGR WG C4.36Winter Lightning and Engineering Consequences 冬季雷电和工程后果CIGR WG C4.36组织干事3 33Average annual rainfall年平均降雨量年平均降雨量Global Rain Map全球降雨图全球降雨图4 44Average annual rainfall年平均降雨量年平均降雨量

3、Global Rain Map全球降雨图全球降雨图5 55Average annual rainfall年平均降雨量年平均降雨量Global Rain Map全球降雨图全球降雨图6 66Flashes pr km2per year每年每平方公里的雷击数量每年每平方公里的雷击数量Ground flash density全球雷击密度全球雷击密度7 77Flashes pr km2per year每年每平方公里的雷击数量每年每平方公里的雷击数量Ground flash density全球雷击密度全球雷击密度Efficiency of 80-90%-LPL4效率效率80-90%-防雷等级防雷等级48

4、88Efficiency of 80-90%-LPL4效率效率80-90%-防雷等级防雷等级4Efficiency of 99.98%-LPL1+效率效率99.98%-防雷等级防雷等级1+Flashes pr km2per year每年每平方公里的雷击数量每年每平方公里的雷击数量Ground flash density全球雷击密度全球雷击密度9 99Mechanical load cases机械载荷范例机械载荷范例Structural loads on LPS components,static and fatigue防雷部件的结构负荷，静力和疲劳Investigating global bl

5、ade loads to calculate strain and stress locally研究全局性的叶片载荷以计算局部的应变和应力Complex Wind field vs.IEC wind classes复杂的现场风况和IEC风分级Coupling low fidelity wind fields to high fidelity structural mechancis将低保真度的风场与高保真度的结构力学结合起来Provided by customer or derived by Polytech由客户提供-或由Polytech计算得出101010Lightning Micro S

6、iting 雷电微观选址Design step 1 设计步骤设计步骤 1Ground flash density对地雷击密度Local weather conditions当地气候情况Terrain topography地形地貌11 1111Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤 212 1212Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤 2Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningPr

7、obability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp 70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 lp 30 kAlp 10 kA171.62%53.10%0.04%0.15%1.17%10.20%6.92%0.04%218.26%13.27%0.01%0.04%0.31%2.74%1.86%0.01%33.34%0.00%0.01%0.03%0.21%1.84%1.25%0.01%42.24%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.14%1.23%0.84%0.01%51.50%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.09%0.83%0.5

8、6%0.00%61.01%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.06%0.55%0.38%0.00%70.67%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.04%0.37%0.25%0.00%80.45%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.25%0.17%0.00%90.30%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.17%0.11%0.00%100.20%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.11%0.08%0.00%11-150.36%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.20%0.13%0.00%16-200.05%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.02%0.

9、00%21-1XX0.01%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL防雷等级防雷等级Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器13 1313Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤 2Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningProbability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp

10、70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 lp 30 kAlp 10 kA171.62%53.10%0.04%0.15%1.17%10.20%6.92%0.04%218.26%13.27%0.01%0.04%0.31%2.74%1.86%0.01%33.34%0.00%0.01%0.03%0.21%1.84%1.25%0.01%42.24%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.14%1.23%0.84%0.01%51.50%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.09%0.83%0.56%0.00%61.01%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.06%0.55%0.38%0.00%70.67%0.00%0.0

11、0%0.01%0.04%0.37%0.25%0.00%80.45%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.25%0.17%0.00%90.30%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.17%0.11%0.00%100.20%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.11%0.08%0.00%11-150.36%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.20%0.13%0.00%16-200.05%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.02%0.00%21-1XX0.01%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%LPL4(84%captu

12、ring efficiency接闪率接闪率)LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL防雷等级防雷等级Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器14 1414Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningProbability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp 70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 lp 30 kAlp 10 kA171.62%53.10%0.0

13、4%0.15%1.17%10.20%6.92%0.04%218.26%13.27%0.01%0.04%0.31%2.74%1.86%0.01%33.34%0.00%0.01%0.03%0.21%1.84%1.25%0.01%42.24%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.14%1.23%0.84%0.01%51.50%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.09%0.83%0.56%0.00%61.01%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.06%0.55%0.38%0.00%70.67%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.04%0.37%0.25%0.00%80.45%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.0

14、3%0.25%0.17%0.00%90.30%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.17%0.11%0.00%100.20%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.11%0.08%0.00%11-150.36%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.20%0.13%0.00%16-200.05%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.02%0.00%21-1XX0.01%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%LPL3(91%capturing efficiency接闪率接闪率)LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL防雷等

15、级防雷等级Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤 2Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器15 1515Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningProbability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp 70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 lp 30 kAlp 10 kA171.62%53.10%0.04%0.15%1.17%10.20%6.92%0.04

16、%218.26%13.27%0.01%0.04%0.31%2.74%1.86%0.01%33.34%0.00%0.01%0.03%0.21%1.84%1.25%0.01%42.24%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.14%1.23%0.84%0.01%51.50%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.09%0.83%0.56%0.00%61.01%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.06%0.55%0.38%0.00%70.67%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.04%0.37%0.25%0.00%80.45%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.25%0.17%0.00%90.30%0.00

17、%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.17%0.11%0.00%100.20%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.01%0.11%0.08%0.00%11-150.36%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.02%0.20%0.13%0.00%16-200.05%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.03%0.02%0.00%21-1XX0.01%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%LPL2(97%capturing efficiency接闪率接闪率)LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL防雷等级防雷等级Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤

18、 2Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器16 1616Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningProbability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp 70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 99%capturing efficiency接闪率接闪率)LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL防雷等级防雷等级Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤

19、 2Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器17 1717Distance from blade tipProbability of lightning strikeProbability of upward lightningProbability of downward lightning100 lp 200 kA70 lp 100 kA50 lp 70 kA30 lp 50 kA10 99%capturing efficiency接闪率接闪率)+EMF for carbon blades为碳纤维叶片增加金属网为碳纤维叶片增加金属网LIGHTNING PR

20、OTECTION LEVEL防雷等级防雷等级Design step 2 设计步骤设计步骤 2Positioning of air terminations 定位接闪器18 1818Lightning protection Coordination防雷协作Design step 3 设计步骤设计步骤 3Largest differential voltage 18MV最大电压差 18MVLargest differential voltage 250kV最大电压差 250kVInternal down conductor内部下行导体High risk of flashover高风险侧闪Exter

21、nal down conductor外部下行导体Low risk of flashover低风险侧闪19 1919Spar caps may consist of many individual CFRP profiles主梁可能由许多单独的碳纤维型材组成Depending on the LPS configuration(internal or external)we need to coordinate by根据防雷的配置（内部或外部）我们通过以下方式协调Contact to all profiles连接所有型材Contact to a few profiles连接部分型材Utilize

22、the mutual coupling利用互耦Inter profile bonding using interstitial layers利用间隙层进行型材粘接Managing CFRP structural design碳纤维结构设计管理Design step 4 设计步骤设计步骤 4Pultruded sparcaps seen from the end从根部看拉挤主梁Interstitial layer bonding间隙层粘接Pultruded sparcap seen from the side从侧面看拉挤主梁202020Material properties材料性质材料性质Mod

23、el validation and calibration模型验证及校核模型验证及校核HV Initial leader attachment tests 大电压初始先导附着测试大电压初始先导附着测试HV subsequent stroke attachment test 大电压后续雷击附着测试大电压后续雷击附着测试HC Conducted current tests大电流导流测试大电流导流测试HC Arc Entry tests大电流电弧注入测试大电流电弧注入测试LPS subsystem test according to IEC 61400-24 根据IEC 61400-24进行防雷子系

24、统测试Design Step 5 设计步骤设计步骤 521 2121Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果222222Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果232323Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果24242

25、4Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果252525Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果262626Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果272727Robust design with validated fie

26、ld performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果282828Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果292929Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果303030Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Result

27、ing design设计成果设计成果31 3131Robust design with validated field performance经过现场验证性能的稳固设计Resulting design设计成果设计成果323232China domestic market中国市场Validated field performance经过验证的现场性能经过验证的现场性能Published in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2016发表于2016年IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Lightning Damage to

28、 Wind Turbine Blades From Wind Farms in the U.S.美国风场雷击对风机损坏https:/ LPS kits have been installed in blades for China domestic market(2016-2022)在2016至2022年间超过超过35000个防雷系个防雷系统安装在统安装在中国市场上The blades have seen 90,000-130,000 strikes叶片总共受到9到13万次雷击Only 20 lightning damages reported只收到20次雷击损伤报告Efficiency of

29、 99.97-99.99%接闪效率接闪效率99.97-99.99%Strong LPS in strong blades makes a good business!在强大的叶片中强大的防雷系统造就了出色的生意333333For optimized operation为了优化运行Lightning Monitoring雷击监测雷击监测343434Review of Ed2 is started第二版的审阅已经开始Annex L on monitoring system is released附录L的监测系统要求已经发布Simplification of document structure简化

30、文件结构More guidance on good design principles and mandatory verification更多良好设计及强制认证的指导Definition of special lightning environment for WT定义风机特殊雷电环境Wind turbines Part 24:Lightning Protection风机 第24节：雷电防护IEC 61400-24 Ed3Upward positive lightning with large charge transfer,5.9kA,248C带有大电量的上行正极雷击Upward bipo

31、lar lightning with large charge transfer,21.9kA,376C带有大电量的上行双极性雷击Select the right measurement system to reduce OPEXUse the guidance in the revised Annex L使用修订后的附件L中的指南选择正确的测量系统以减少运营成本353535Recommendation推荐推荐We should all strive to make wind the preferred source of energy!我们应努力让风能成为首选能源！我们应努力让风能成为首选能

32、源！Design for the exposure,and focus on total cost of ownership为雷击设计为雷击设计，专注于总体持有成本Utilise the existing design tools to manage lightning risks利用现有设计工具设计工具来管理雷击风险Select an LPS concept with proven track record选择具有良好业绩的具有良好业绩的防雷系统概念Monitor the lightning exposure to drive down OPEX监测监测雷击暴露风险来降低运营成本Exchange knowledge and contribute to the industry standards,we all need to learn and apply latest findings交流知识，为行业标准做出贡献，我们都需要学习我们都需要学习和应用最新发现363636Thank you!谢谢！谢谢！