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1、Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024I N S I G H T R E P O R TM A Y 2 0 2 4In collaboration with the University of SurreyImages:Getty Images,UnsplashDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretatio

2、ns and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.2024 World Economic For

3、um.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 41 About the Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024 61.1 Index ov

4、erview 81.2 Data and methodology 101.3 Economy coverage 102 At a glance:Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024 overall rankings 113 Global context 124 Index results overview 145 Dimension results 185.1 Enabling Environment 195.2 T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions 215.3 Infrastructure and Services 245

5、.4 T&T Resources 255.5 T&T Sustainability 286 Regional results 316.1 The Americas 336.2 Asia-Pacific 356.3 Europe and Eurasia 376.4 Middle East and North Africa 396.5 Sub-Saharan Africa 417 Special focus:Leveraging T&T to address future global challenges 437.1 The future global risk landscape 447.2

6、Leveraging T&T for environmental sustainability 457.3 Leveraging T&T for socioeconomic prosperity 477.4 Leveraging T&T for global connectivity,peace and cultural exchange 497.5 Leveraging T&T and technology for positive impact 50Conclusion 52Technical notes and methodology 53Appendix A:Travel&Touris

7、m Development Index methodology 53Appendix B:Data definitions and sources 66Appendix C:Income group and regional classifications 80Appendix D:Partner Institutes 82Contributors 91Endnotes 94Travel&Tourism Development Index 20242ForewordDriven by the end of pandemic-related restrictions and robust pen

8、t-up demand,global international tourist arrivals are expected to reach pre-pandemic levels in 2024,highlighting the resiliency of the Travel and Tourism(T&T)sector and peoples strong desire to travel.However,the recovery has not been without its challenges.Uneven regional and market-segment recover

9、ies,labour shortages and supply and demand imbalances have all characterized the past few years of T&T development.Meanwhile,external macroeconomic,geopolitical and environmental factors such as high rates of global inflation and interest rates,conflicts in Europe and the Middle East and wildfires i

10、n destinations such as Greece have generated additional pressure on the sector.In the coming years,the impact of climate change,geopolitical tensions,macroeconomic uncertainty and the application of new digital technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)represent just some of the challenges fac

11、ing T&T and the broader global community.Within this context,it has become critical for T&T decision-makers and stakeholders not just to focus on improving sector readiness for future risks and opportunities,but also to ensure that the sector accounts for its economic,social and environmental impact

12、 and is a driver of global prosperity.With this in mind,we have published the 2024 edition of the Travel&Tourism Development Index(TTDI).The index measures the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable and resilient development of the T&T sector,which in turn contributes to the develop

13、ment of a country.The objective of the TTDI is to serve as a crucial benchmarking tool for stakeholders to gauge the progress of the T&T sector,informing policy and investment decisions.It offers insights into T&T economies strengths and areas for improvement,and the interconnected nature of T&T dev

14、elopment,as well as facilitating strategic planning and multistakeholder dialogue to encourage sustainable and resilient growth at various levels.The latest edition of the index provides an overview of the current state of the T&T sector and the various interconnected challenges and opportunities it

15、 faces as it moves past the COVID-19 pandemic.Furthermore,the publications special focus section uses index results and other research to provide a high-level overview of the likely future global risks and challenges landscape and looks at how the sector could help to address elements such as econom

16、ic inequality,environmental threats linked to climate change and pollution,technological innovation and global connectivity.We emphasize that to achieve this potential,public-and private-sector leaders and other key stakeholders need to proactively shape T&T to become more resilient,inclusive and su

17、stainable.Following the World Economic Forums multistakeholder approach,this report is based on a thought leadership and research collaboration between the Forum and the University of Surrey.Through this new knowledge partnership,we have been able to make several upgrades to the TTDI,including the a

18、ddition of new index components and data that allow for better coverage of the T&T sectors environmental and socioeconomic impact,while making it more T&T-specific,concise and consistent in economy coverage.This work could not have been done without the valuable input of a network of distinguished t

19、hinkers and practitioners who provided their knowledge and insights.We are grateful to our advisory group,which comprises representatives from Bloom Consulting,the European Travel Commission(ETC),the Global Sustainable Tourism Council(GSTC),the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,the International Air

20、Transport Association(IATA),JLL Hotels&Hospitality Group,Mastercard,New York University,the Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA),T Group,the University of Surrey,Visa,the World Bank,the United Nations World Tourism Organization(UN Tourism)and the World Travel and Tourism Council(WTTC),and to our da

21、ta partners AirDNA,Bloom Consulting,CoStar,Euromonitor International,GlobalPetrolP,IATA,the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO),the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),MMGY TCI Research,Tripadvisor,UN Tourism and the WTTC.Francisco Betti Head,Global Industries Team;Membe

22、r of the Executive Committee,World Economic ForumIis Tussyadiah Professor and Head of School of Hospitality and Tourism Management,University of SurreyTravel&Tourism Development Index 2024May 2024Travel&Tourism Development Index 20243Executive summaryThe Travel&Tourism Development Index(TTDI)2024 is

23、 the second edition of an index that evolved from the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index(TTCI)series,a flagship index of the World Economic Forum that has been in production since 2007.Created in collaboration with the University of Surrey and with input from leading Travel&Tourism(T&T)stakeholder

24、 organizations,thought leaders and data partners,the TTDI measures the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable and resilient development of T&T.While international tourist arrivals and T&Ts contribution to global GDP are expected to reach pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2024,the re

25、covery has varied by region and segment.Meanwhile,as the sector moves past the shock of COVID-19,it continues to deal with other external challenges,from growing macroeconomic,geopolitical and environmental risks to increased scrutiny of its sustainability and the application of new digital technolo

26、gies such as big data and AI.Given that T&T has historically accounted for a tenth of global GDP and employment,decision-makers in the sector and beyond must recognize the need for strategic and holistic approaches if they are to properly navigate increasingly complicated conditions and unlock T&Ts

27、great potential to provide prosperity for communities around the world.Within this context,the TTDI seeks to inform policy-makers,companies and related stakeholders by providing insights into T&T economies strengths and areas for improvement,and by examining the interdependent nature of the internal

28、 and external factors driving this complex sector.Furthermore,the TTDI is designed to provide context and facilitate multistakeholder dialogue,enabling stakeholders to grasp emerging trends and risks in global T&T,guiding policy formulation,operational practices and investment strategies.In an effor

29、t to keep the index relevant to the changing global landscape,the 2024 edition of the TTDI also includes several enhancements that use newly available data on aspects such as the environmental and social impact of T&T to make the index more T&T-specific,concise and consistent in its economy coverage

30、.Main takeaways The TTDI 2024 results are as follows:The T&T sectors post-pandemic growth continues,but its recovery has been mixed and operating conditions have been challenging.While 71 of the 119 TTDI-ranked economies increased their scores between the 2019 and 2024 editions,the average index sco

31、re is just 0.7%above pre-pandemic levels.Pillar performance across a broad range of economies highlights a rebound in global T&T demand that has coincided with rising global air route capacity and connectivity,improved international openness,and increased demand and investment in tourism-generating

32、natural and cultural resources.However,despite this growth,non-leisure demand is still behind that of leisure,labour shortages are ongoing,and air route capacity and connectivity,T&T capital investment,productivity and other sector supply factors have not kept up with demand.The resulting supply and

33、 demand imbalance,combined with broad inflationary pressure,has led to reduced price competitiveness and service disruptions.In general,the Europe and Asia-Pacific regions and high-income economies in particular continue to have the most favourable conditions for T&T development.Out of the top 30 TT

34、DI scorers in 2024,26 are high-income,19 are based in Europe,seven are in Asia-Pacific,three are in the Americas and one is in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region.The highest-ranked economies in the 2024 TTDI edition are those of the United States,Spain,Japan,France,Australia,Germany,the Un

35、ited Kingdom,China,Italy and Switzerland.Thanks to typical advantages ranging from favourable business environments and open travel policies to well-developed transport,tourism and ICT infrastructure and natural,cultural and non-leisure attractions,the top 30 TTDI scorers accounted for over 75%of T&

36、T industry GDP in 2022 and 70%of GDP growth between 2020 and 2022.T&T enabling conditions in developing economies continue to improve,but far more is needed to close the sector-enabling gap.Low to upper-middle-income economies accounted for 52 out of the 71 economies that have improved their TTDI sc

37、ores since 2019.Saudi Arabia(+5.7%,50th to 41st)and the United Arab Emirates(+4.4%,25th to The TTDI 2024 reflects the T&T sectors recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing and future challenges affecting the enabling conditions for its growth.The TTDI is designed to provide context and fac

38、ilitate multistakeholder dialogue,enabling stakeholders to grasp emerging trends and risks in global T&T,guiding policy formulation,operational practices and investment strategies.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024418th)are the only high-income economies to rank among the top 10 most improved bet

39、ween 2019 and 2024,with the remainder being the developing countries of Uzbekistan(+7.8%,94th to 78th),Cte dIvoire(+6.4%,116th to 114th),Albania(+5.9%,78th to 66th),Tanzania(+4.5%,88th to 81st),Indonesia(+4.5%,36th to 22nd),Egypt(+4.3%,66th to 61st),Nigeria(+4.2%,113th to 112th)and El Salvador(+4.0%

40、,101st to 97th).Moreover,the major emerging T&T economies of Indonesia,Brazil(+3.3%,34th to 26th)and Trkiye(+3.1%,37th to 29th)joined China(+1.0%,9th to 8th)in the top quartile of the TTDI.Nonetheless,despite above-average growth,non-high-income economies account for nearly 90%of below-average index

41、 scorers,indicating a need for further investment to close gaps in enabling conditions if these economies wish to increase their share of the T&T market and improve their readiness for future risks and opportunities.Additional takeaways are as follows:Increasing ICT readiness and pandemic-era busine

42、ss and labour policies benefit T&T,but more progress is needed on areas such as workforce resilience and equality.Driven by expanded online access,mobile network coverage and digital payment usage,the 7.2%surge in ICT Readiness pillar scores reflects the further digitalization of T&T services.Meanwh

43、ile,economy-wide policies implemented during the pandemic may have made it easier for T&T operators to do business.However,the T&T sectors growth momentum is under pressure from challenges such as tight labour markets(notably in mature T&T economies),declining credit ratings and growing fiscal const

44、raints,as well as concerns about health and security conditions.Labour market resilience and inclusion are also increasingly important for T&T,yet nearly 70%of non-high-income economies T&T labour force is based in countries scoring below average for the TTDIs new Labour Market Resilience and Equali

45、ty subpillar,which measures aspects such as equality of job opportunities,workers rights and social protection.T&T resources,particularly natural and cultural assets,offer developing economies an opportunity for tourism-led economic development.The distribution of natural and cultural resources is l

46、ess correlated with country income level than other T&T enablers,with many developing economies with a strong portfolio of natural and cultural resources able to create thriving tourism sectors.However,effectively harnessing these resources requires comprehensive management,promotion and protection

47、strategies,alongside investment in robust infrastructure and ICT readiness.Therefore,despite their potential,many countries have not been able to effectively leverage their rich heritage for T&T growth,with just the top 20 T&T dimension performers predominantly in the Americas,Asia-Pacific and Europ

48、e surpassing the index average by approximately 90%in 2024.Despite progress,balancing growth with sustainability remains a major problem for the T&T sector.Increasing average Environmental Sustainability and T&T Socioeconomic Impact pillar scores between 2019 and 2024 reflect broad progress in areas

49、 such as energy sustainability and sector contribution to high-wage employment.However,some of this progress,such as reduced sector emissions during the pandemic,is likely to be temporary,while decreasing scores for T&T Demand Sustainability(since 2021)reflect the resurfacing of historical sustainab

50、ility challenges such as high seasonality and overcrowding as travel demand continues to recover.Furthermore,the results reveal the nuanced economic and social effects of T&T,with the sector being a major source of relatively high-wage jobs in developing countries,while gender parity in T&T employme

51、nt is a major issue for regions such as MENA and South Asia.Leveraging the T&T sector to address global challengesAside from improving readiness to handle future external global challenges including economic inequality,environmental threats linked to climate change and pollution,technological innova

52、tion and global connectivity,the T&T sector can also play a significant role in addressing them.To fully realize T&Ts potential in solving some of these global challenges,governments and key stakeholders need to proactively shape the sector to become more resilient,inclusive and sustainable for the

53、future.Potential key focus areas,derived from the TTDI 2024 results as well as other research,are:Leveraging T&T for environmental sustainability by:Providing greater value for nature conservation efforts Leading on the energy transition Driving responsible consumptionLeveraging T&T for socioeconomi

54、c prosperity by:Investing in skilled,inclusive and resilient workforces Putting local communities at the centre of T&T development Strategically managing visitor behaviour and infrastructure developmentLeveraging T&T for global connectivity and peace by:Increasing travel openness Encouraging cultura

55、l exchange between visitors and the local communityLeveraging T&T and technology for positive impact by:Adopting technology for sustainable and resilient T&T management Bridging the digital divide and creating opportunities Ensuring responsible and safe use of technologyTravel&Tourism Development In

56、dex 20245About the Travel&Tourism Development Index 20241The index provides a strategic benchmarking tool for business,governments,international organizations and others to develop the Travel&Tourism sector.Amagertorv town square,Copenhagen,Denmark.This country has the highest TTDI 2024 score in Nor

57、thern Europe.Travel&Tourism Development Index 20246First introduced in 2022,the Travel&Tourism Development Index(TTDI)benchmarks and measures the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable and resilient development of the Travel&Tourism(T&T)sector,which in turn contributes to the develo

58、pment of a country.The index is a direct evolution of the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index(TTCI),which has been published biennially since 2007.By allowing cross-country comparison and by benchmarking countries progress on the drivers of T&T development,the index informs policies and investment

59、decisions related to the development of T&T businesses and the sector as a whole.It also offers unique insights into the strengths and areas for improvement of each country to support their efforts to enhance the long-term growth of their T&T sector in a sustainable and resilient manner.In particula

60、r,the TTDI provides a strategic and holistic overview of the tourism economy,including internal and external enablers of T&T development and their interdependent nature.Furthermore,it provides a valuable platform for multistakeholder dialogue,enabling stakeholders to formulate appropriate policies a

61、nd actions at local,national,regional and global levels.The 2024 edition of the TTDI was produced in collaboration with the University of Surrey.As the index knowledge partner,the university provided valuable technical and strategic support for the TTDI and related content.This edition of the index

62、also includes several improvements that are designed to take advantage of newly available data such as the World Travel and Tourism Council(WTTC)s recently developed indicators on the environmental and social impact of T&T,to make the index more T&T-specific,concise and consistent in its country cov

63、erage.Please note that the changes made to the index limit its comparability to the previously published TTDI 2021.Therefore,this release of the index includes recalculated 2019 and 2021 results,using new adjustments.TTDI 2024 results reflect the latest available data at the time of collection(end o

64、f 2023).Many of the improvements made to the index are based on stakeholder feedback and input from the TTDI Advisory Group,which includes representatives from Bloom Consulting,the European Travel Commission(ETC),the Global Sustainable Tourism Council(GSTC),the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,the I

65、nternational Air Transport Association(IATA),JLL Hotels&Hospitality Group,Mastercard,New York University,the Pacific Asia Travel Association(PATA),T Group,the United Nations World Tourism Organization(UN Tourism),the University of Surrey,Visa,the World Bank and WTTC.In addition,the index relies on c

66、lose collaboration with the following data partners:AirDNA,Bloom Consulting,CoStar,Euromonitor International,GlobalPetrolP,IATA,the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO),the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),MMGY TCI Research,Tripadvisor,UN Tourism and WTTC.For more deta

67、iled information on the TTDI methodology and the new framework,country peer and income-group classification,indicator details and partner information,and to explore the index results through interactive data visualizations,please visit the index website or see the Technical notes and methodology sec

68、tion of the report.Beijing,China.China has Asias largest and the worlds second-largest T&T economy.Travel&Tourism Development Index 20247TTDI frameworkFIGURE 11.1 Index overview The index is comprised of five dimensions,17 pillars and 102 individual indicators,distributed among the different pillars

69、.However,the five dimensions are not factored into the calculation of the index and are used only for presentation and categorization purposes.Air Transport InfrastructureEnvironmental SustainabilityT&T Energy SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand SustainabilityPollution and Environmental

70、 ConditionsPreservation of NatureGround and Port InfrastructureTourist Services and InfrastructureNatural ResourcesCultural Resources Infrastructureand ServicesT&T ResourcesT&T SustainabilityNon-Leisure ResourcesBusiness EnvironmentSafety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour Mark

71、etICT ReadinessEnabling EnvironmentQualification of the Labour ForceLabour Market DynamicsLabour Market Resilience and EqualityPrioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice CompetitivenessT&T Policy and Enabling ConditionsTravel&Tourism(T&T)Development Index frameworkThe Enabling Environment dimension c

72、aptures the general conditions necessary for operating and investing in a country and consists of five pillars:Business Environment:This pillar captures the extent to which a countrys policy environment is conducive to companies doing business and investing.Safety and Security:This pillar measures t

73、he extent to which a country exposes locals,tourists and businesses to security risks.Health and Hygiene:This pillar measures healthcare infrastructure and accessibility and health security.Human Resources and Labour Market:This pillar measures the availability of quality employees and the dynamism,

74、resilience and equality of the labour market,as well as the level of protection for workers.It consists of the Qualification of the Labour Force,Labour Market Dynamics and Labour Market Resilience and Equality subpillars.ICT Readiness:This pillar measures the availability and use of information and

75、communication technology infrastructure and digital services.Travel&Tourism Development Index 20248The T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions dimension captures specific policies or strategic aspects that affect the T&T sector more directly and consists of three pillars:Prioritization of T&T:This pillar

76、 measures the extent to which the government actively promotes,tracks and invests in thedevelopment of the T&T sector.Openness to T&T:This pillar measures how open a country is to visitors and facilitating cross-border travel.Price Competitiveness:This pillar measures how costly it is to travel or o

77、perate in a country.The Infrastructure and Services dimension captures the availability and quality of physical infrastructure and tourism services and consists of three pillars:Air Transport Infrastructure:This pillar measures the extent to which a countrys infrastructure offers sufficient air conn

78、ectivity and access for travellers domestically and internationally.Ground and Port Infrastructure:This pillar measures the availability of efficient and accessible ground and port transportation services and infrastructure.Tourist Services and Infrastructure:This pillar measures investment in,and t

79、he availability and productivity of,tourist services and infrastructure.The Travel&Tourism Resources dimension captures the principal“reasons to travel”to a destination and consists of three pillars:Natural Resources:This pillar measures the available natural capital as well as the development of ou

80、tdoor tourism activities.Natural capital is defined in terms of landscape,natural parks and the richness of the fauna.To an extent,this pillar captures how natural resources are promoted rather than the actual existing natural heritage of a country.Cultural Resources:This pillar measures the availab

81、ility of cultural resources such as archaeological sites and entertainment facilities.To an extent,this pillar captures how cultural resources are promoted and developed rather than the actual existing cultural heritage of a country.Non-Leisure Resources:This pillar measures the extent and attractiv

82、eness of factors that drive business and other non-leisure travel,including the presence of global cities,major corporations and leading universities.The Travel&Tourism Sustainability dimension captures the current or potential sustainability challenges and risks facing T&T and consists of three pil

83、lars:Environmental Sustainability:This pillar measures the travel and tourism sectors energy sustainability and the general sustainability of an economys natural environment and the protection of natural resources.It consists of the T&T Energy Sustainability,Pollution and Environmental Conditions,an

84、d Preservation of Nature subpillars.T&T Socioeconomic Impact:This pillar measures the economic and social impact of T&T,including induced economic contribution,the provision of high-wage jobs and workforce gender equality.T&T Demand Sustainability:This pillar measures factors that may indicate the e

85、xistence of,or risk related to,overcrowding,demand volatility and other potentially unsustainable demand trends.Atlantic Forest,Brazil.The Americas scores highly on the Natural Resources pillar,with with its diverse ecoregions and wildlife.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202491.2 Data and methodolo

86、gy1.3 Economy coverageMost of the dataset for the TTDI is statistical data from international organizations,with the remainder based on survey data from the World Economic Forums annual Executive Opinion Survey,which is used to measure concepts that are qualitative in nature or for which internation

87、ally comparable statistics are not available for enough countries.The sources of statistical data include,but are not limited to,AirDNA,Bloom Consulting,Euromonitor International,IATA,ICAO,the International Labour Organization(ILO),the International Telecommunications Union(ITU),the IUCN,CoStar,Trip

88、advisor,the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO),UN Statistics Division,UN Tourism,the World Health Organization(WHO),the World Bank,the CIA World Factbook,the World Trade Organization(WTO),WTTC and the World Database on Protected Areas(WDPA).The overall TTDI score

89、 is computed through successive aggregations of scores,from the indicator level(e.g.the lowest,most disaggregated level)through the pillar levels,using a simple average(i.e.the arithmetic mean)to combine the components.Scores on each indicator are first normalized and rated on a common scale of 1 to

90、 7,with 1 being the worst and 7 being the best outcome.The TTDI covers 119 economies.Economies that were covered in the TTDI 2021 but are not covered in the TTDI 2024 are Cape Verde,Chad,Hong Kong SAR,Lesotho and Yemen.Economies added to the 2024 TTDI are Algeria,Barbados,Iran,Jamaica,Oman,Uzbekista

91、n and Zimbabwe.Newly ranked Uzbekistan experienced the greatest growth in TTDI scores between 2019 and 2024.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024102At a glance:Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024 overall rankingsCovering 119 economies,the TTDI measures the set of factors and policies that enable t

92、he sustainable and resilient development of the T&T sector,which in turn contributes to the development of a country.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024 overall rankings1FIGURE 281Tanzania3.6574.5%-7.9%82Morocco3.64-12-3.2%-8.2%83Tunisia3.6021.0%-9.2%84Jamaica3.59-1-0.1%-9.5%85Mongolia3.57-6-2.0%-

93、9.8%86Cambodia3.5742.5%-10.0%87North Macedonia3.53-5-1.9%-10.9%88Moldova3.5311.0%-11.1%89Trinidad and Tobago 3.52-5-2.1%-11.3%90Bosnia and Herzegovina3.5111.1%-11.5%91Lao PDR3.4821.7%-12.1%92Paraguay3.4700.8%-12.5%93Rwanda3.4562.6%-12.9%94Bolivia3.4532.1%-12.9%95Namibia3.45-8-1.7%-13.0%96Kuwait3.44-

94、10-2.9%-13.2%97El Salvador3.4344.0%-13.4%98Algeria3.4222.6%-13.6%99Tajikistan3.42-30.7%-13.7%100Guatemala3.42-50.5%-13.8%101Pakistan3.4133.6%-14.0%102Kyrgyz Republic3.3812.8%-14.7%103Venezuela3.34-5-0.9%-15.7%104Zambia3.34-21.4%-15.7%105Nepal3.3402.8%-15.7%106Ghana3.2811.5%-17.2%107Senegal3.2422.5%-

95、18.2%108Nicaragua3.24-20.0%-18.3%109Bangladesh3.1923.0%-19.5%110Zimbabwe3.1902.5%-19.6%111Honduras3.19-3-1.4%-19.6%112Nigeria3.1814.2%-19.8%113Benin3.16-13.3%-20.4%114Cte dIvoire3.1326.4%-21.0%115Malawi3.0602.8%-22.8%116Angola3.05-21.3%-22.9%117Cameroon2.9903.1%-24.6%118Sierra Leone2.8902.7%-27.1%11

96、9Mali2.780-0.4%-30.0%41Saudi Arabia4.2395.7%6.7%42Slovenia4.22-9-1.2%6.4%43Romania4.1920.8%5.7%44Lithuania4.1741.4%5.2%45Georgia4.1441.0%4.4%46Croatia4.13-2-0.7%4.3%47Thailand4.12-6-2.5%3.9%48Israel4.10-5-1.6%3.4%49Argentina4.10-2-0.6%3.4%50Colombia4.0862.3%3.0%51Costa Rica4.0842.2%2.9%52Kazakhstan4

97、.0763.7%2.6%53Qatar4.02-7-3.3%1.3%54Slovak Republic4.00-2-0.2%0.8%55South Africa3.9973.4%0.7%56Azerbaijan3.98-5-0.6%0.3%57Mauritius3.98-4-0.7%0.3%58Bahrain3.9632.1%-0.1%59Viet Nam3.9643.2%-0.2%60Montenegro3.96-10.9%-0.2%61Egypt3.9654.3%-0.2%62Peru3.9073.5%-1.5%63Panama3.90-6-1.2%-1.6%64Dominican Rep

98、ublic3.8811.8%-2.0%65Latvia3.88-11-3.0%-2.1%66Albania3.87 125.9%-2.4%67Oman3.87-7-1.2%-2.5%68Serbia3.8632.7%-2.8%69Philippines3.84-21.7%-3.1%70Jordan3.8122.0%-4.0%71Uruguay3.79-30.4%-4.3%72Armenia3.73-8-2.4%-5.9%73Iran,Islamic Rep.3.7241.5%-6.3%74Barbados3.71-1-0.4%-6.5%75Botswana3.7162.5%-6.5%76Sri

99、 Lanka3.69-10.0%-6.8%77Kenya3.68-10.1%-7.1%78Uzbekistan3.68167.8%-7.3%79Lebanon3.6610.8%-7.6%80Ecuador3.66-6-1.0%-7.6%1United States5.240-0.5%32.3%2Spain5.1800.9%30.6%3Japan5.090-0.3%28.5%4France5.0720.8%28.0%5Australia5.0020.8%26.0%6Germany5.00-1-0.8%26.0%7United Kingdom4.96-3-2.4%25.2%8China4.9411

100、.0%24.6%9Italy4.9032.1%23.5%10Switzerland4.81-2-2.3%21.3%11Canada4.81-1-1.1%21.2%12Portugal4.781-0.1%20.6%13Singapore4.76-2-1.7%19.9%14Korea,Rep.4.7401.1%19.6%15Austria4.650-0.5%17.4%16Netherlands4.6410.1%17.0%17Denmark4.63-1-0.9%16.8%18United Arab Emirates4.6274.4%16.5%19Sweden4.5700.7%15.4%20Finla

101、nd4.52-2-1.7%14.0%21Greece4.5252.6%13.9%22Indonesia4.46 144.5%12.4%23Belgium4.450-0.5%12.2%24Ireland4.44-3-1.5%12.0%25New Zealand4.41-5-2.6%11.3%26Brazil4.4183.3%11.2%27Poland4.4032.0%11.1%28Luxembourg4.40-4-0.9%10.9%29Trkiye4.3983.1%10.6%30Cyprus4.37-3-0.4%10.4%31Chile4.3341.4%9.2%32Iceland4.32-10-

102、3.4%9.0%33Czech Republic4.31-20.3%8.8%34Malta4.3041.1%8.4%35Malaysia4.28-7-2.2%7.9%36Estonia4.2840.7%7.8%37Hungary4.2751.7%7.7%38Mexico4.26-6-0.6%7.4%39India4.25-10-2.1%7.1%40Bulgaria4.25-10.0%7.1%1.Index results represent the latest data available at the time of collection(end of 2023).2.Overall sc

103、ores range from 1 to 7 where 1=worst and 7=best.3.Change since 2019 refers to 2019 results using new index framework and methodology.Rank Economy Score2 Rank ScoreChange since 20193Diff.from TTDI Avg.(%)Rank Economy Score2 Rank ScoreChange since 20193Diff.from TTDI Avg.(%)Rank Economy Score2 Rank Sc

104、oreChange since 20193Diff.from TTDI Avg.(%)The AmericasMiddle East and North AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaAsia-PacificEurope and EurasiaSource:World Economic Forum.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202411Global context3With 2024 in full swing,the global T&T sector is on track to move past the COVID-19 pan

105、demic lows and even exceed the pre-pandemic highs.International tourist arrivals are expected to reach pre-pandemic levels in 2024.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202412Driven by the lifting of pandemic-related travel and other restrictions and strong pent-up demand,international tourist arrivals a

106、re expected to reach pre-pandemic levels in 2024,reaching 88%of the 2019 level in 2023,1 while at$9.9 trillion,T&Ts contribution to global GDP is nearly at pre-pandemic levels.The Middle East had the highest recovery rates in international tourist arrivals(20%above the 2019 level),2 while Europe,a r

107、esilient destination with strong intraregional travel flows,Africa and the Americas all showed a strong recovery of around 90%in 2023.In 2024,global tourism growthis expected to be reinforced by the continued satisfaction of pent-up demand and growth in major Asian markets after travel restrictions

108、have been lifted following a delay compared to other regions.3 However,the uneven nature of the aforementioned recovery,labour shortages,and supply and demand imbalances leading to travel price increases and service disruptions have put pressure on destinations and businesses in the T&T sector.Moreo

109、ver,while travel demand has proved resilient,the macroeconomic and geopolitical landscape,defined by economic uncertainty,high inflation and energy prices,increased interest rates and conflicts from Ukraine to the Middle East,has nevertheless exacerbated the sectors difficult operating conditions an

110、d may yet dampen sector growth.4 Combined with the impact of climate events such as global heatwaves and wildfires in countries like Greece5 and the return of overcrowding at destinations such as Venice,6 the sectors exposure to and influence on economic,social and environmental issues has become ev

111、en moreapparent.Against this dynamic backdrop,it has become imperative for T&T government and business decision-makers and other stakeholders to ensure that the sector not only addresses near-term issues such as supply and demand imbalances but also ensures sector readiness for the growing economic,

112、environmental,societal,geopolitical and technological challenges and opportunities in the future.If T&T can be developed in an inclusive,sustainable and resilient manner,it can become a powerful tool to address many worldwide challenges,contributing to the collective well-being of the global communi

113、ty.To help guide this goal,this years Travel&Tourism Development Index special focus section will outline the external future risks and opportunities the sector will likely face in the coming years,and what can be done to help the sector deal with these trends while simultaneously making it a source

114、 of global resilience and prosperity.Tokyo,Japan.The Asia-Pacific region leads the way in the cultural resources pillar.If T&T can be developed in an inclusive,sustainable and resilient manner,it can become a powerful tool to address many worldwide challenges.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202413I

115、ndex results overview4The T&T sector is recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic,but many challenges remain and hard work is needed to bridge the gap between developing and high-income economies.Grinnell Lake in Glacier National Park,Montana,USA.The United States ranks first onthe TTDI 2024.Travel&Tour

116、ism Development Index 202414Score,17(best)654321Travel&Tourism Development IndexBusiness EnvironmentSafety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour MarketICT ReadinessPrioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice CompetitivenessAir Transport InfrastructureGround and Port InfrastructureTo

117、urist Services andInfrastructureNatural ResourcesCultural ResourcesNon-Leisure ResourcesEnvironmental SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand Sustainability7The AmericasAsia-PacificEurope and EurasiaMiddle East and North AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaTTDI global mean2024 TTDI performanceFIGURE 3S

118、ource:World Economic Forum.Note:Data represents peer group mean scores for the TTDI and its pillar components.Section takeaways:Post-pandemic,the T&T sector shows growth,yet index results indicate that recovery is uneven,with challenges persisting in relation to operating conditions.Europe and Asia-

119、Pacific regions and high-income economies in particular generally offer more favourable environments for T&Tdevelopment.Developing economies see improving T&T enabling conditions,but substantial efforts are required to bridge the sectors development gap.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024152019202

120、4 TTDI pillar score percentage changeFIGURE 44%-2%2%0%-4%-6%-8%-10%Cultural ResourcesICT ReadinessNatural ResourcesT&T Socioeconomic ImpactBusiness EnvironmentEnvironmental SustainabilityHuman Resources and Labour MarketOpenness to T&TGround and Port InfrastructureSafety and SecurityHealth and Hygie

121、neT&T Development IndexT&T Demand SustainabilityNon-Leisure ResourcesAir Transport InfrastructurePrioritization of T&TPrice CompetitivenessTourist Services and Infrastructure6%8%10%TTDI results show that while the sector is recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic,operating conditions remain challengin

122、g.Between the 2019 and 2024 editions,71 out of 119 TTDI-ranked economies progressed past their 2019 scores,but the average index score is just 0.7%above pre-pandemic levels and only 19 economies improved by 3.0%or more.Slow TTDI performance is partly due to diverging pillar trends(Figure 4).Increase

123、d pillar scores in Openness to T&T and Natural and Cultural Resources between 2019 and 2024,and Air Transport Infrastructure(+6.6%,2021 to 2024)reflect a rebound in global T&T demand.Nevertheless,scores for Air Transport Infrastructure and Tourist Services and Infrastructure are still below 2019 lev

124、els,indicating that,despite recent growth,supply factors such as air route capacity,T&T capital investment and productivity have not consistently kept up with climbing demand.The resulting imbalance between T&T demand and supply,combined with continued labour shortages in many countries and broad in

125、flationary pressure,has led to a large average decrease in Price Competitiveness scores.In addition,average scores for Non-Leisure Resources also remain below 2019 levels,highlighting the delayed recovery in global business travel.While climbing average scores for the Environmental Sustainability an

126、d T&T Socioeconomic Impact pillars are encouraging for sector sustainability,gains in areas such as reduced emissions may be reversed as sector transport activity grows,while a decreasing 2021 to 2024 score for the T&T Demand Sustainability(-4.7%)pillar also reflects the resurfacing of historical to

127、urism flow challenges associated with the growth in travel,including high seasonality and overcrowding.Looking at ranking results,more mature,high-income T&T economies in Europe and Eurasia(Europe)and,to a lesser extent,Asia-Pacific make up most of the top rankings in the 2024 TTDI edition.Among the

128、 top 30 scorers,19 are from Europe,seven from Asia-Pacific,three from the Americas,and one from the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region(the United Arab Emirates).The top 10 ranked economies for the 2024 TTDI are the United States,Spain,Japan,France,Australia,Germany,the United Kingdom,China,Ita

129、ly and Switzerland.T&T sector development in the top-scoring countries typically benefits from factors such as more conducive business environments,access to more dynamic,qualified and resilient labour markets,openness and good ICT readiness.In particular,these countries also tend to have excellent

130、transport and tourism infrastructure and services and a very high concentration of natural,cultural and non-leisure resources and attractions.As a result of these advantages,the top 30 TTDI scorers accounted for over 75%of T&T industry GDP in 2022 and 70%of GDP growth between 2020 and 2022.7 The top

131、 30 TTDI scorers accounted for over 75%of T&T industry GDP in 2022 and 70%of GDP growth between 2020 and 2022.Source:World Economic Forum.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202416TTDI score,20192024,percentage changeFIGURE 55%0.0%-5%ScaleHowever,in terms of momentum,it was less mature,low to middle-in

132、come economies that exhibitedthe most significant enhancement in performance since 2019,accounting for 52 out of 71 economies that improved their TTDI scores.Between 2019 and 2024,these economies accounted for much of the above-average improvements in scores in regions such as sub-Saharan(+2.1%)and

133、North Africa(+1.1%),Eurasia(1.7%),South America(+1.2%),South Asia(+1.2%)and the Balkans and Eastern Europe(+1.0%).Saudi Arabia(+5.7%,50th to 41st)and the United Arab Emirates(+4.4%,25th to 18th)are the only high-income economies to rank among the top 10 most improved TTDI performers since 2019,with

134、the remaining top 10 consisting of Uzbekistan(+7.8%,94th to 78th),Cte dIvoire(+6.4%,116th to 114th),Albania(+5.9%,78th to 66th),Tanzania(+4.5%,88th to 81st),Indonesia(+4.5%,36th to 22nd),Egypt(+4.3%,66th to 61st),Nigeria(+4.2%,113th to 112th)and El Salvador(+4.0%,101st to 97th).Moreover,the major em

135、erging T&T economies of Indonesia,Brazil(+3.3%,34th to 26th)and Trkiye(+3.1%,37th to 29th)joined China(+1.0%,9th to 8th)in the top quartile of the TTDI.However,despite progress,developing economies account for nearly 90%of below-average index scorers.Far more investment will need to be made in areas

136、 such as developing favourable business,health and labour conditions,international openness,ICT,transport and tourist infrastructure,and the promotion and development of natural and cultural resources if these economies wish to increase their share of the T&T market and improve their readiness for f

137、uture risks and opportunities.In the future,while many of the aforementioned challenges are likely to lessen,if global inflation pressure eases and sector employment,investment and overall capacity grow,uncertainty about the sustainability of travel demand amid unstable macroeconomic and geopolitica

138、l conditions may climb.Furthermore,the T&T sector will be under increasing pressure to prepare for and help mitigate growing risks and challenges ranging from the impact of climate change and global conflict to the responsible use of technological innovation.TTDI 2024 results highlight the difficult

139、y policy-makers and business leaders face when it comes to delivering sustainable,inclusive and resilient T&Tdevelopment.The Dimension and Regional results sections of this report provide a more detailed picture of the aforementioned trends and index results,while the special focus section highlight

140、s some of the ways in which the T&T sector can be leveraged to address future global challenges.Source:World Economic Forum.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202417Dimension results5The TTDI structure comprises five dimensions encompassing 17 pillars,which are used to capture a holistic picture of th

141、e factors that enable the T&T sector.While no economy ranks in the top 20 across the board,Australia comes close,making it into the top 20 on four TTDI dimensions.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202418The following section provides a high-level analysis of each of the TTDIs five dimensions.Please n

142、ote:analysis will often focus on average pillar and/or indicator performance and selected takeaways and may not always reflect the wide variety of economy and country grouping performance.For a more detailed look at TTDI data,including interactive dashboards,please visit the index website.Business E

143、nvironmentSafety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour MarketICT Readiness1.02.03.04.05.06.07.0Score,17(best)+2.4%+0.7%+1.2%+0.9%+0.4%+1.6%+1.4%+1.1%+3.2%+3.9%201920212024growth rate/declineX%5.1 Enabling EnvironmentTTDI Enabling Environment dimension pillar average score performa

144、nceFIGURE 6Pillars under the Enabling Environment dimension capture the general conditions necessary for T&T operations in a country.Overall business(Business Environment pillar),health(Health and Hygiene pillar)and safety conditions(Safety and Security pillar),access to a qualified,dynamic and resi

145、lient workforce(Human Resource and Labour Market pillar)and ICT(ICT Readiness pillar)have a substantial impact on T&T business operations,investment and visitor decision-making.Since 2019,there has been a notable improvement across all pillars within this dimension,indicating positive developments i

146、n various areas that affect T&T operations.Section takeaways:Since 2019,progress has been made across pillars such as ICT Readiness(notably in developing economies)and Business Environment,helping to drive digitalization and operational efficiency in the T&T sector.Despite progress having been made,

147、tight labour markets,unfavourable enabling environments in developing economies,declining credit ratings and fiscal constraints threaten the growth of the T&T sector.Low scores in health and security aspects in certain regions may further hinder development amid global health and security concerns.L

148、abour market and resilience are increasingly important for T&T,but many economies,especially developing ones,struggle in this regard.A more active sector role in this area via investment in a skilled,inclusive,resilient workforce is crucial for sustaining growth.Source:World Economic Forum.Travel&To

149、urism Development Index 202419ICT Readiness scores have surged by 7.2%since 2019,with 97%of economies showing positive momentum,driven by expanded online access,mobile network coverage and digital payment usage,notably in developing nations.The advancement in ICT Readiness is pivotal as it encourage

150、s the further digitalization of T&T services.With online bookings,sharing economy platforms,digital payments and mobile access increasingly defining T&T services,digital technology and online platforms empower destinations and T&T businesses,including SMEs,to access new markets,optimize operations,e

151、nhance visitor engagement,and gather consumer insights and preferences.8 Accordingly,past research has found positive relationships between ICT Readiness and international tourism receipts.9 Moreover,there was notable progress in the Business Environment(+3.1%)and Human Resources and Labour Market(+

152、2.5%)pillars between the 2019 and 2024 index editions.In part,these advances reflect economy-wide policies implemented during the pandemic,including reductions in burdensome government regulations,expanded access to financing for SMEs,and more favourable and flexible labour regulations and working a

153、rrangements,all of which should help make it easier for T&T operators to do business.However,despite positive trends,results also point to several challenges threatening the T&T sectors growth momentum.Scores for labour force participation rates remain below 2019 levels in nearly half of the ranked

154、economies,with decreased average scores for perceptions of the ease of finding skilled employees(since 2021)especially in mature tourism economies such as advanced European countries,the United States and Japan helping to explain T&T labour shortages.Moreover,many economies in the Global South conti

155、nue to face challenges in building more favourable enabling environments.For example,business conditions in developing countries have faced setbacks since 2021,with issues such as property rights,judicial effectiveness and government corruption further deteriorating.10 Meanwhile,declining credit rat

156、ings among many Latin American,African and South Asian economies reflect the high interest rates and increased debt pressure faced by governments and companies post-pandemic,11 potentially discouraging investment in T&T.Despite improvements,low scores for Health and Hygiene in regions such as sub-Sa

157、haran Africa(-46.7%below 2024 mean)and Safety and Security in regions such as the Americas(-14.5%below 2024 mean)may further impede T&T development amid heightened global health and security concerns.Digital tools and online platforms are transforming travel and tourism with online bookings,sharing

158、economy and mobile payments.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024200%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%High-income economiesUpper-middle-income economiesLow to lower-middle-income economiesEurope and EurasiaAsia-PacificThe AmericasMiddle East and North AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaBelow-average labour market resilien

159、ce and equalityAbove-average labour market resilience and equalityShare of global T&T workforceIncome groupdistributionGeographic distribution T&T workforce distribution by peer group and by country labour market resilience and equality conditionsFIGURE 7Lastly,labour market resilience and equality

160、have also become increasingly crucial considerations post-pandemic.Effective social protections and inclusive policies can enhance productivity,widen the labour pool and bolster resilience.12 This is vital for the T&T sector,which relies heavily on employing youth,women,informal workers and small en

161、terprises.13 However,nearly 70%of non-high-income economies T&T labour force is based in countries scoring below average for the TTDIs new Labour Market Resilience and Equality subpillar(Figure 7),with the majority of countries in Latin America,the Middle East,North and sub-Saharan Africa and South

162、and South-East Asia scoring below the mean.This highlights potential resilience and human capital access issues for T&T employers.Consequently,T&T stakeholders in many countries will have to take a more active role in investing in more skilled,inclusive and resilient workforces and help address issu

163、es ranging from workers rights and conditions to equal opportunities for women and disadvantaged groups.5.2 T&T Policy and Enabling ConditionsSection takeaways:Driven by rising fuel and operating costs,supply-demand imbalances and global inflation,T&T prices have substantially increased since 2021.H

164、owever,this may lead to more opportunities for domestic travel,and lead people to choose more sustainable and less expensive modes of transport and destinations.On the other hand,increasing Openness to T&T scores reflect that many nations have looked to boost international T&T,particularly through r

165、educed visa requirements and especially in lower-ranked economies.While travel facilitation policies advance,the average Prioritization of T&T score has declined,reflecting pandemic-era challenges and the evolving nature of government support and its role in T&T development.Encouragingly,some govern

166、ments and destination organizations are shifting the focus from quantity to quality tourism,but this change requires additional resources and skills,which may be limited by fiscal constraints.Source:World Economic Forum and World Travel&Tourism Council.Note:Share of global T&T workforce refers to th

167、e 2022 share of directly employed people in T&T among TTDI-ranked economies.Below-and above-average labour market resilience and equality refers to the share of peer group T&T workforce based in economies that score above or below the mean for the 2024 Labour Market Resilience and Equality subpillar

168、.Part of the TTDI Human Resources and Labour Market pillar,this subpillar measures indicators such as equal workforce opportunities,workers rights,female labour force participation and social protection basic coverage and spending.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202421The T&T Policy and Enabling Co

169、nditions dimension tracks policies and conditions more directly tied to encouraging T&T sector growth.This includes the extent to which the government actively promotes,measures and invests in the development of the T&T sector(Prioritization of T&T pillar),the degree to which a country is open to vi

170、sitors and providing travel services(Openness to T&T pillar)and how costly it is to travel or operate in a country(Price Competitiveness pillar).TTDI T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions dimension pillar average score performanceFIGURE 8Prioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice Competitiveness1.02.03.

171、04.05.06.07.0Score,17(best)-2.2%-2.4%+0.7%+1.8%-8.0%+1.3%201920212024growth rate/declineX%Since 2021,the TTDI has witnessed a significant decline in Price Competitiveness(-8.0%),driven by increasing fuel and operating expenses and supply-demand imbalances in the sector,exacerbated by geopolitical an

172、d macroeconomic factors causing higher general inflation and rising energy costs.Average gasoline(petrol)prices for ranked economies surged by nearly 20%between 2019 and mid-2023.Meanwhile,as will be explained in the next dimension analysis,sectoral difficulties in regaining pre-pandemic labour and

173、capacity levels amid surging demand have created supply constraints and increased prices for accommodation and services in various economies.While T&T demand has remained resilient,there are already signs that consumers are adapting to high inflation by seeking better deals,opting for local or off-s

174、eason trips and,when possible,using more price-competitive ground transport over flying.14 Under such conditions,travel demand in T&T economies with larger domestic markets and less dependence on international visitors may prove more resilient,as may more price-competitive,lower-income economies,esp

175、ecially if travel to them is not expensive.Consumer responses to pricing pressure also present an opportunity for destinations to promote more sustainable travel by encouraging local experiences,diversifying demand to less expensive secondary destinations and off-peak travel,and facilitating the use

176、 of less emissions-intensive transport modes such as trains.Moreover,besides the lifting of pandemic-related restrictions(not captured by the TTDI),index findings reveal that many nations have enacted additional policies to bolster their T&T sector by expanding international travel market access,res

177、ulting in an average enhancement in the Openness to T&T pillar(+2.5%,2019 to 2024).Much of this advance stems from increased visa accessibility and passport mobility,particularly among developing and lower-ranked economies,with the bottom 30 pillar performers increasing their scores almost five time

178、s faster than the top 30.UN Tourism data illustrates that 42 predominantly low to middle-income,TTDI-ranked economies from regions such as sub-Saharan Africa,the Middle East and North Africa,South America,and South,South-East and Central Asia have relaxed source-market-weighted visa requirements.Man

179、y countries have also tailored their visa policies to target emerging travel segments and promote and benefit from their natural,cultural and non-leisure assets.For example,Estonia introduced a“digital nomad visa”catering to international remote workers,15 while South Korea is tapping into K-pops po

180、pularity by offering visas for those seeking training at local performing arts academies.16 Meanwhile,growth in above-average Openness to T&T pillar scores in Europe and South-East Asia has been reinforced by enhanced air service integration,with multilateral agreements such as the ASEAN-EU Comprehe

181、nsive Air Transport Agreement(CATA)and the ASEAN Single Aviation Market expected to boost intraregional and international air travel and competition among European and South-East Asian tourism economies.Air liberalization policies such as these could help increase air route capacity and potentially

182、reduce aviation prices over the long term,with previous TTDI findings showing a correlation between air liberalization and Air Transport Infrastructure scores.1720%Increase in average petrol prices for ranked countries between 2019 and mid-2023.Source:World Economic Forum.Travel&Tourism Development

183、Index 202422On the other hand,while travel facilitation policies are progressing,declining average scores for Prioritization of T&T(-4.6%,2019 to 2024)reflect COVID-19 pandemic-era challenges and the evolving nature of government support and its role in T&T development.For instance,scores for Countr

184、y Brand Strategy ratings(a measure of the accuracy of online National Tourism Organization NTO brand strategy)dropped nearly 19%since 2019 in part due to the shift in branding and promotional content featured by NTOs during the pandemic.In general,a greater number of entities such as NTOs and destin

185、ation management/marketing organizations(DMOs)have changed their role in response to the pandemic and evolving travel trends.For example,pandemic-induced disruptions to travel demand and T&T operations and increased awareness of the need to address T&Ts economic,social and environmental impact have

186、led many destination organizations to move away from just increasing visitor numbers and promoting tourism to destination stewardship.18 Even before the pandemic,DMOs were increasingly focusing on managing visitor flows,promoting lesser-known destinations and engaging stakeholders to ensure tourism

187、benefits communities and respects the local culture and nature.19 As will be further discussed in the special focus section of the report,this evolution in destination management will become increasingly crucial to ensure T&T remains a positive force for addressing future economic,environmental,soci

188、etal,geopolitical and technological challenges.However,this shift in strategy will also require further investment in resources and relevant skills and competencies by responsible public entities.Moreover,novel approaches will be needed to fund these requirements.While T&Ts share of government spend

189、ing has increased in 115 economies since 2021,future spending may be constrained by high-interest rates and fiscal limitations,particularly in low to lower-middle-income economies.Many nations have bolstered their T&T sector by pursuing greater visa openness and passport mobility.Travel&Tourism Deve

190、lopment Index 2024235.3 Infrastructure and ServicesSection takeaways:While operations are recovering,a mismatch between growing travel demand and lagging supply variables such as air route capacity,investment and productivity(amplified by labour shortages)is leading to supply-demand imbalances,incre

191、ased prices and potential service disruptions.Policies such as adopting digital solutions,enhancing skills development and providing decent working conditions can help relieve labour shortages,while improving access to credit and business-friendly regulations can help T&T operators,especially small

192、and medium enterprises(SMEs).Despite progress in Ground and Port Infrastructure,the TTDI highlights ongoing infrastructure gaps,especially in developing economies.Moreover,infrastructure investment needs to be calibrated towards inclusive and sustainable tourism.The TTDIs Infrastructure and Services

193、 dimension tracks the availability of quality transport and tourism infrastructure and services.This includes air connectivity and capacity(Air Transport Infrastructure pillar),road and railroad network extensiveness and efficient public transportation(Ground and Port Infrastructure)and the availabi

194、lity of quality accommodation and T&T sector capital investment and productivity(Tourist Services and Infrastructure pillar).TTDI Infrastructure and Services dimension pillar average score performanceFIGURE 9Air Transport InfrastructureGround and Port InfrastructureTourist Services and Infrastructur

195、e1.02.03.04.05.06.07.0Score,17(best)-9.1%+6.6%+2.5%-0.1%-4.6%-3.1%201920212024growth rate/declineX%The TTDIs Infrastructure and Services dimension reflects the T&T sectors supply and demand imbalance.With borders reopening and travel restrictions lifted,there has been a surge in pent-up demand and i

196、nternational travel.While T&T operations have restarted,as is particularly evident in the Air Transport Infrastructure pillar with increasing average scores(+6.6%)between 2021 and 2024,many economies are still below their 2019 performance levels,notably in Asia-Pacific due to prolonged travel restri

197、ctions.Moreover,the Tourism Services and Infrastructure pillar average score is 7.6%below its 2019 level,with minimal growth in the average score for accommodation capacity for hotels(+1.4%),and short-term rental listings yet to recover.Although T&T employment and capital investment have risen since

198、 2021,they remain below pre-pandemic levels in most regions,with average capital investment per employee scores more than 13.7%lower than in 2019,contributing to reduced scores for labour productivity in hotels and restaurants(-13.1%since 2019).Labour shortages,particularly in high-income economies,

199、have exacerbated supply constraints,with many workers opting for less seasonal and higher-paying jobs with better conditions.By the end of 2022,the WTTC estimated a labour shortfall of 11.0%and 7.0%in the T&T sectors of the European Union and theUnited States,respectively.20Source:World Economic For

200、um.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202424In the near term,growth in travel demand combined with the lag in supply variables such as air route capacity,investment,labour and productivity are likely to continue to generate supply and demand imbalances that drive travel prices and disrupt services.The

201、se issues may be further amplified if global interest remains high and discourages sector-related investment.However,sector decision-makers can take several steps to address service capacity constraints in the longer term.The WTTC lists facilitating greater labour mobility,flexible working arrangeme

202、nts,decent work and competitive benefits,skills building and adaptation of digital solutions as some of the policy options that government and business can take to address labour shortages.21 Moreover,policy responses to the pandemic have shown how access to credit and business-friendly regulations

203、and tax environments can also support T&T operators,especially the more resource-limited SMEs that account for most T&T service providers.22 In the longer term,the TTDI also highlights the continued need to bridge the infrastructure gaps between and within economies.Overall average scores for the pi

204、llars under the Infrastructure and Services dimension are among the lowest in the index,indicating that many countries may lack the transport and service capacity to properly develop their T&T sector.This is especially the case for developing economies.While scores for Ground and Port Infrastructure

205、 have slightly increased since 2019(+2.4%),reflecting progress in ground infrastructure investment in developing economies,high-income economies still outscored non-high-income ones by 56.0%across the overall Infrastructure and Services dimension in the 2024 TTDI.Moreover,as will be further explored

206、 in the special focus section,irrespective of the stage of economic development,the return of overcrowding,pricing pressures and environmental concerns highlight the need for sector infrastructure investment to be made with local communities in mind,geared towards better distribution of tourism flow

207、s and increasing access to secondary destinations.5.4 T&T Resources Section takeaways:T&T Resources are important drivers for sector development,with natural and cultural assets providing many developing economies with an opportunity to enable tourism-led economic development.However,tapping into in

208、nate natural and cultural heritage requires resources for site management,promotion and infrastructure development,as well as cultivation of expertise and capacity in nominating and maintaining natural and cultural heritage sites.Encouragingly,since 2019,there has been substantial growth in Natural

209、and Cultural Resources scores,indicating increased investment and protection of tourism-generating assets.However,Non-Leisure Resources scores remain below 2019 levels,reflecting a lag in business travel growth post-pandemic,while the growth of“bleisure”travel and digital nomads represent new market

210、 opportunities.Kallang Station,Singapore.This country scores highest for the Infrastructure and Services dimension.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024252018 international tourist arrivals(log)12.52.03.03.54.555.54.02019 T&T Resources dimension score 17(best)1.02.03.04.05.06.07.0The AmericasAsia-Pa

211、cificEurope and EurasiaMiddle East and North AfricaSub-Saharan Africa2ChinaUnited StatesUnited KingdomFranceMexicoJapanItalyGermanySpainCanadaIndiaBrazilAustraliaSouth KoreaIndonesiaArgentinaColumbiaPeruThailandPortugalViet NamSwitzerlandTrkiyeMalaysiaGreeceSouth AfricaTTDI T&T Resources dimension p

212、illar average score performanceT&T resources vs.tourist arrivalsFIGURE 10FIGURE 11Natural ResourcesCultural ResourcesNon-Leisure Resources1.02.03.04.05.06.07.0Score,17(best)+2.5%+1.5%+3.4%+4.1%-2.0%-0.8%201920212024growth rate/declineX%The T&T Resources dimension assesses the attractions,activities

213、and assets driving T&T demand.This includes the development,promotion and demand for natural capital(e.g.nature parks and fauna),cultural assets(e.g.archaeological sites and entertainment facilities)and draws for non-leisure travel(e.g.location of globalized cities,major corporations and universitie

214、s)through the Natural,Cultural and Non-Leisure Resources|pillars.It is important to reinforce the point that these pillars are as much about the promotion and development of resources for use as they are about the innate natural,cultural and other forms ofheritage of a country.Source:World Economic

215、Forum.Source:World Economic Forum and UN Tourism.Notes:1.International tourist arrivals data is 2018 or latest available before 2018.2.The size of circle represents the share of total arrivals to TTDI-ranked countries.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202426Index results underscore the pivotal role t

216、he development of natural,cultural and non-leisure resources plays in driving T&T demand,with T&T Resource dimension scores correlating with tourist demand(Figure 11).Notably,the location of natural and cultural assets is less closely associated with economic development,creating opportunities for d

217、eveloping economies such as Brazil,Colombia,India,Mexico,Thailand and Trkiye,which have a strong portfolio of such assets to cultivate thriving tourism sectors.In particular,in 2024,non-high-income economies account for 21 out of the top 30 scorers for Natural Resources.Nevertheless,the distribution

218、 of T&T resource development remains highly concentrated,with the top 20 dimension performers predominantly in the Americas,Asia-Pacific and Europe surpassing the index average by approximately 90%in2024,helping to explain their close to 60%share of international arrivals in 2022.While some of this

219、lopsided dimension performance is related to the uneven distribution of attractions such as fauna and famous archaeological sites,it may also indicate an underuse or underdevelopment of T&T resources for tourism growth.Effectively harnessing innate natural and cultural capital for tourism necessitat

220、es,among other factors,comprehensive management,promotion and protection strategies,along with robust infrastructure and ICT readiness to facilitate travel and digital promotion.Discrepancies in these areas may contribute to variations in visitor numbers among destinations with comparable dimension

221、scores(as shown in Figure 11).For instance,out of the top 20 scores for the number of terrestrial and fresh-water ecoregions,only six scored among the top 20 for natural tourism Digital Demand(a measure of online search volume for nature-related activities and topics),23 reflecting potential gaps in

222、 areas such as the promotion or reputation of a destination.Moreover,many countries encounter challenges in translating their cultural and natural heritage into more easily promotable and sought-after attractions.For example,despite their rich cultural and natural heritage,most African economies sco

223、re below average in the relevant pillars and account for less than 10%of UNESCO sites.This can be attributed in part to political factors,alongside historical deficiencies in expertise,capacity and resources for site identification,nomination and maintenance.24 Nevertheless,there exists a clear oppo

224、rtunity for developing economies to use their tourism resource potential as a catalyst for broader economic development,provided they address existing gaps and invest in sustainable tourism practices.Encouragingly,since 2019,there has been broad and notable growth in Cultural(+7.7%)and Natural(+4.0%

225、)Resource average scores in the TTDI,attributed to increased investment and protection of tourism-generating assets.This includes an 11.3%rise in total UNESCO World Heritage sites and a 41%increase in oral and intangible cultural expressions among ranked countries.Moreover,over 40%of countries expan

226、ded their protected territories by 5%or more since 2019 by establishing national parks and reserves.The pandemic also saw sustained demand for nature-based travel,evidenced by a 20.3%increase in Digital Demand for nature activities compared to 2019.However,business travel recovery lags behind leisur

227、e travel post-pandemic,reflected in below-average scores for Non-Leisure Resources(-2.7%).Nonetheless,the growth in“bleisure”(i.e.business-leisure)travel and digital nomads has created new opportunities for businesses and destinations that can offer favourable conditions for business travel and leis

228、ure activities.25 In particular,economies that combine strong ICT infrastructure and healthcare standards,relatively reasonable cost of living,favourable visa policies and rich tourism attractions rank among the most attractive for digital nomads,with Spain,Argentina,Romania,the UAE,Croatia and Port

229、ugal ranking among the top for attractiveness for this new market.2611.3%Rise in total UNESCO World Heritage sites among ranked countries since 2019.Despite their rich cultural and natural heritage,most African economies score below average in the relevant pillars.Travel&Tourism Development Index 20

230、24275.5 T&T Sustainability Section takeaways:Despite progress in areas such as T&T Energy Sustainability and improved T&T Demand Sustainability during the pandemic,sector emissions may rise due to increased transport activity,while historical sustainability challenges such as high seasonality and ov

231、ercrowding have resurfaced.The TTDIs new T&T Socioeconomic Impact pillar shows tourisms significant contribution to job creation and GDP growth,especially in developing countries.However,broader challenges including workers rights and gender parity need addressing,while advanced economies may have t

232、o make the sector relatively more attractive for employees to prevent issues such as labour shortages.Overall T&T Demand Sustainability dimension results reveal the difficulty of balancing sector growth and sustainability.Sector decision-makers must take a careful,long-term strategic perspective in

233、development planning,weighing up what policies and trade-offs provide the best balance of growth and sustainability for their unique destinations.Sustainability is an increasingly important element of sector development.The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)and UN Tourism define sustainable

234、tourism as“tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic,social and environmental impacts,addressing the needs of visitors,the industry,the environment and host communities”.27 A destination can maximize its long-term competitiveness and development potential by effectively mana

235、ging these factors.The TTDIs T&T Sustainability dimension pillars measure the general environmental conditions and sector energy sustainability(Environmental Sustainability),the economic and social impact of T&T(T&T Socioeconomic Impact)and demand trends that may pressure destinations carrying capac

236、ity and negatively affect local communities(T&T Demand Sustainability).TTDI T&T Sustainability dimension pillar average score performanceFIGURE 121.02.03.04.05.06.07.0Environmental SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand SustainabilityScore,17(best)+1.6%+1.1%+3.1%+0.6%201920212023growth rat

237、e/declineX%+3.0%-4.7%201920212024growth rate/declineX%Since the 2019 edition of the TTDI,average Environmental Sustainability pillar scores increased(+2.7%),notably in T&T Energy Sustainability(+4.6%),attributed to headway being made in general renewable energy and efficiency policies and related in

238、vestments,which coincided with improvements in T&T sector greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions intensity and use of low-carbon energy(i.e.solar,wind and nuclear).However,some of these gains may be reversed as the continued recovery in fossil fuel-dependent activities such as aviation carries on and expands.

239、28 In addition,despite progress in the expansion of territory under protection and other policies that helped boost scores for the Preservation of Nature subpillar since 2019(+3.3%),near-stagnant results for the Source:World Economic Forum.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202428T&T economic multipli

240、erT&T labour gender parity,absolute dif male to female%of employeesT&T high-wage jobs,%of employees in high-wage sectorsScale6.05.04.03.07.02.01.0High-income economiesUpper-middle-income economiesLower-middle-income economiesLow-income economiesSnapshot of T&Ts socioeconomic impactFIGURE 13Pollution

241、 and Environmental Conditions subpillar(+0.5%)signal limited headway being made in addressing challenges such as air pollution reduction,deforestation mitigation and safeguarding endangered species.Tackling these issues will be especially important for T&T in regions such as Asia-Pacific,the America

242、s and sub-Saharan Africa,which are rich in natural resources but also underperform in areas such as the preservation of nature and have higher rates of deforestation and pollution.Moreover,as global travel has resumed,historical demand sustainability challenges have started to resurface,reflecting t

243、he sectors difficulty in managing visitor flows in a way that spreads the benefits of T&T more evenly among communities and seasons and reduces capacity pressure at popular destinations.While average scores for the T&T Demand Sustainability pillar improved between 2019 and 2021,they dropped by 4.7%b

244、etween 2021 and 2024,as demand flows moved back towards their pre-pandemic mean.Aspects of demand sustainability measured by the pillar,such as seasonality of arrivals,began to fluctuate,and Tripadvisor pageviews have,on average,become concentrated on a countrys most popular natural and cultural att

245、ractions since 2021.In particular,short lengths of stay,high seasonality and overcrowding have historically been challenging issues for Europes leading destinations,with 36 of the regions 44 ranked economies scoring below average for this pillar in 2024.Nevertheless,demand sustainability challenges

246、are not limited to any one type of economy or region and are typically local in nature,depending on factors such as destination infrastructure and overall carrying capacity.In recent years,various destinations have implemented polices to combat overcrowding such as tourist taxes,creating reservation

247、 systems for entering vulnerable sites and limiting access to destinations on certain days.29 As global travel has resumed,historical demand sustainability challenges have started to resurface.Source:World Economic Forum and World Travel&Tourism Council.Note:Values represent indicator scores on a 17

248、 scale(1 worst,7 best).The T&T economic multiplier is an average of scores for T&T GDP and employment multipliers.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202429The TTDIs new T&T Socioeconomic Impact pillar also reveals the nuanced economic and social effects.Most economies witnessed growth inthe share of h

249、igh-wage T&T jobs30 andnotableincreases in induced and indirect jobs and GDP,especially in low to lower-middle-income countries.As Figure 13 shows,developing economies demonstrate above-average scores in many aspects of socioeconomic impact,indicating the sectors pivotal role in emerging market grow

250、th.This is particularly true in employment,where,on average,33.2%of T&T jobs in index-ranked low to upper-middle-income economies are in high-wage segments,compared to 19.5%in high-income economies.However,this also indicates the lack of more value-added sectors that may command higher wages,while i

251、nformal labour,workers rights issues and limited social safety nets(as reflected in previously mentioned lower marks for the Labour Market Resilience and Equality pillar scores)are common economy-wide challenges that need to be addressed in many developing countries and,as a result,within the touris

252、m industry itself.In part,this challenge is reflected in the lower T&T gender parity scores in regions such as the Middle East and North Africa(-36.4%below TTDI mean)and South Asia(-41.3%below TTDI mean),reducing T&T companies access to human capital and the sectors ability to distribute socioeconom

253、ic benefits to more people.Meanwhile,relatively lower wages in advanced economies often mean that policy-makers and T&T business leaders are typically under greater pressure to increase pay and develop strategies to make the sector relatively more attractive for employees to prevent issues such as t

254、he current labour shortages.While the recent increase in sector wages has helped contribute to climbing operation costs,it has also helped partially bridge the T&T sectors historically low wages in countries such as the United States.31 Lastly,as the multiplier indicator data in Figure 13 shows,the

255、number of indirect and induced employment and GDP generated by T&T is relatively close among the different types of country income levels.In general,factors such as capital investment,size of the domestic supply chain,economic leakages and linkages,and composition of T&T segments play important role

256、s in determining T&T economic multiplier effect.The aforementioned T&T Sustainability dimension results and trends highlight the difficulty T&T stakeholders face in growing the sector,while simultaneously ensuring it has a positive economic,social and environmental impact.Sector decision-makers have

257、 to take a careful,long-term strategic perspective in development planning,weighing up what policies and trade-offs provide the best balance of growth and sustainability for their unique destinations.As discussed in the previous sections of the report,the fact that some destination organizations are

258、 moving towards a quality-over-quantity approach is promising.The travel and tourism sector plays a pivotal role in emerging market growth,with most economies witnessing an increase in high-wage T&T jobs.33.2%Average share of T&T jobs in index-ranked low to upper-middle-income economies that are in

259、high-wage segments.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202430Regional results6Europe remains the highest-performing region in the TTDI,ranking above the global average on most pillars,with Asia-Pacific second,and sub-Saharan Africa the region showing the mostimprovement since 2019.Travel&Tourism Develo

260、pment Index 202431The section below provides additional analysis of each region and highlights the results for ranked economies.It is important to note that regions are often composed of a wide variety of economies at different levels of development.Therefore,the quantitative results may not reflect

261、 some of these more nuanced realities.For a more in-depth visualization of regional data,please click here.2024 TTDI scoresFIGURE 141234567ScoreShare of international tourist arrivalsShare of T&T industry GDPShare of T&T industry employmentSub-Saharan AfricaEurope and Eurasia64.9%32.6%13.9%Asia-Paci

262、fic6.9%20.6%62.8%3.86Middle East and North AfricaTTDI 20192024%change:0.9%9.5%6.7%4.6%TTDI average score1.8%1.3%3.6%The Americas16.9%38.9%15.1%4.26TTDI 20192024%change:0.4%TTDI average score3.33TTDI 20192024%change:2.1%TTDI average score4.11TTDI 20192024%change:0.5%TTDI average score3.86TTDI 2019202

263、4%change:0.5%TTDI average scoreSource:World Economic Forum;UN Tourism;World Travel&Tourism Council.Note:Arrivals,industry GDP and employment data are 2022 figures(or the latest available)and represent TTDI-ranked economies only.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202432Enabling EnvironmentT&T Policy an

264、d Enabling ConditionsInfrastructure and ServicesT&T ResourcesT&T SustainabilityBusiness Environment Safety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour MarketICT ReadinessPrioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice CompetitivenessAir Transport InfrastuctureGround and Port InfrastructureTou

265、rist Services and InfrastructureNatural ResourcesCultural ResourcesNon-Leisure ResourcesEnvironmental SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand SustainabilityEconomyTTDI rankUnited States15.715.365.565.166.324.944.782.596.154.425.466.235.066.634.945.034.83Canada115.765.975.205.376.054.554.003

266、.195.373.744.085.602.896.385.254.483.82Mexico383.982.774.433.814.874.413.964.534.383.132.226.436.354.614.513.424.56Costa Rica514.235.364.594.365.185.684.083.673.483.133.484.171.461.875.284.275.06Panama634.265.234.263.774.714.533.324.854.333.533.003.881.621.634.774.743.89Dominican Republic644.224.904

267、.143.904.685.834.203.794.303.273.402.251.471.634.385.384.30Barbados743.645.295.494.024.885.524.611.324.073.854.701.261.101.073.943.814.47Jamaica843.864.353.864.134.216.173.862.833.583.762.641.831.481.183.985.094.23Trinidad and Tobago893.804.245.203.694.764.024.713.362.723.603.091.471.281.294.184.344

268、.03El Salvador973.494.964.473.444.264.563.204.722.952.861.741.701.171.504.284.374.70Guatemala1003.984.973.603.233.784.193.824.962.502.291.792.781.441.563.855.284.05Nicaragua1083.135.313.403.263.374.363.035.172.232.551.412.681.241.374.304.184.04Honduras1113.134.283.603.123.284.732.814.532.512.431.572

269、.811.251.424.194.504.02North and Central America4.094.844.443.944.644.883.883.813.743.272.973.312.142.474.454.534.31Brazil263.394.324.433.955.034.164.695.323.882.732.456.195.444.374.985.424.21Chile314.744.525.204.325.775.334.714.693.543.463.753.202.193.275.125.434.36Argentina492.775.025.974.065.054.

270、774.164.903.212.833.104.523.292.664.534.874.00Colombia503.973.494.574.005.004.054.446.023.702.802.465.203.793.404.404.084.05Peru624.224.734.083.914.544.823.875.223.282.702.434.733.012.344.284.843.34Uruguay715.025.365.864.395.674.563.203.912.663.313.971.671.712.114.853.702.51Ecuador803.044.524.453.55

271、4.394.453.655.663.012.842.074.192.112.184.543.394.22Paraguay923.895.054.633.604.215.123.095.632.112.041.432.171.441.403.986.073.11Bolivia942.875.073.773.774.503.773.486.092.312.381.473.652.241.553.894.643.25Venezuela1031.983.713.943.703.734.082.855.872.262.081.464.521.972.053.944.903.80South America

272、3.594.584.693.924.794.513.815.333.002.722.464.002.722.534.454.733.68The Americas3.874.734.553.934.714.723.854.473.423.032.753.612.392.504.454.624.046.1 The AmericasTTDI 2024 scores for the AmericasTABLE 1Note:Colour-coded based on performance relative to pillar mean score.On average,the Americas reg

273、ion underperforms the TTDI mean,with only eight economies scoring above the global mean in 2024.Moreover,fewer than half of its economies have shown an improvement in their scores since 2019,underscoring mixed progress in enabling conditions for T&T development in this highly diverse region.Scoring

274、above average for Natural Resources,countries in the region can attract visitors with some of the most diverse collections of species and ecoregions.Relatively high T&T Socioeconomic Impact scores also highlight that T&T tends to induce an above-average number of jobs in the broader economy,includin

275、g an above-average share of relatively high-wage positions.To support this,many of the more T&T-dependent economies in Central America and the Caribbean tend to also score higher for Prioritization of T&T,reflecting stronger government support.Moreover,most of the economies in the region have lower

276、T&T industry employment gender gaps compared to the rest of the TTDI-ranked countries,reinforcing T&Ts role in gender equality.A large number of the regions states also tend to do well when it comes to T&T Demand Sustainability due to factors such as longer lengths of stay and lower seasonality of a

277、rrivals.However,despite the regions potential for nature-driven tourism and the sectors positive socioeconomic impact,the Americas continues to face several challenges.Recent regional improvements in T&T Sustainability need to continue,with factors such as below-average protected area coverage of ke

278、y biodiversity areas and the growing number of endangered species Travel&Tourism Development Index 202433posing threats to rich natural resources.Moreover,the region requires greater improvement in broader enablers of T&T growth.Particularly noteworthy are subpar business and safety and security con

279、ditions.Only Canada scores above average for the Safety and Security pillar,while organized violence,crime and low confidence in the police are especially common issues in Latin America.In addition,the conditions of health and hygiene,human resources and labour market,and ICT readiness consistently

280、lag global levels in terms of both average scores and growth rates,especially outside of the high-income economies.Most Latin American economies also require significant investment in infrastructure,including ground,port and air transport,as well as tourist service infrastructure.The United States i

281、s the top scorer in the TTDI and the largest contributor to T&T GDP,both within the Americas region and globally.Beyond the United States,Canada(11th),Brazil(26th),Mexico(38th)and Argentina(49th)contribute substantially to the remaining T&T GDP in the region.Jamaica(84th)was the most T&T industry-de

282、pendent economy in the region in 2022,with Barbados(74th)and Mexico also ranking among the top 10 T&T-dependent economies globally.Brazil stands out as the top TTDI performer in South America.Although the regions TTDI showed a relatively low rate of improvement compared to 2019,El Salvador emerged a

283、s the fastest-growing TTDI performer in the Americas between the 2019 and 2024 index editions(+4.0%,101st to 97th).El Carmen Church in Santa Ana,El Salvador the country is the fastest-growing TTDI performer in the Americas.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024346.2 Asia-PacificTTDI 2024 scores for A

284、sia-PacificTABLE 2The Asia-Pacific region ranks as the second-highest performer among regions.Out of the 19 constituent economies covered by the TTDI,10 surpass the index average,and 11 economies have seen an improvement in their scores since 2019.Nonetheless,between 2021 and 2024,the region experie

285、nced the largest average decline in TTDI scores(-0.7%)as it lagged in loosening travel restrictions and has struggled to recover air route capacity and sector investment.Consequently,the region experienced the only decline in average scores for Air Transport Infrastructure(-1.6%)since 2021 and the g

286、reatest decline in Tourist Services and Infrastructure(-4.4%).Asia-Pacific is extensive and exhibits notable variations in the T&T development enablers.Broadly speaking,Asia-Pacifics strong economic and middle-class expansion in recent years,combined with exceptional blends of natural,cultural and n

287、on-leisure resources,have historically helped drive rapid growth in travel demand.Countries such as China,Japan and India are home to some of the largest tourism economies in the world and all three rank near the top for natural,cultural and non-leisure assets.Generally,the more developed and high-i

288、ncome economies within the region such as Japan,Australia,South Korea and Singapore feature quality transportation and digital infrastructure,high levels of openness and supportive environments that guarantee high standards in business activities,safety and security,healthcare and workforce quality.

289、In contrast,the regions emerging economies,mostly in South and South-East Asia,possess notable regional advantages in price competitiveness,but typically lag in factors such as transport,tourism and ICT infrastructure and enabling environments such as conducive business conditions.Looking at the reg

290、ions development since 2019 reveals that notable progress has been made throughout the region in areas such as Ground and Port Infrastructure(+5.1%),ICT Readiness(8.2%),Cultural Resources(5.5%)and T&T Socioeconomic Enabling EnvironmentT&T Policy and Enabling ConditionsInfrastructure and ServicesT&T

291、ResourcesT&T SustainabilityBusiness Environment Safety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour MarketICT ReadinessPrioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice CompetitivenessAir Transport InfrastuctureGround and Port InfrastructureTourist Services and InfrastructureNatural ResourcesCul

292、tural ResourcesNon-Leisure ResourcesEnvironmental SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand SustainabilityEconomyTTDI rankJapan35.385.986.234.906.034.784.064.345.346.082.935.116.715.935.204.573.02Australia55.625.975.985.236.194.904.852.755.233.684.626.423.785.095.185.004.46China84.736.525.274

293、.516.103.843.895.175.264.571.956.206.595.794.465.363.79Korea,Rep.144.846.296.214.586.554.563.874.554.695.402.822.365.594.724.705.253.67New Zealand255.555.625.475.295.954.255.073.023.993.734.933.642.022.585.354.364.17Mongolia853.375.255.704.125.144.652.825.472.142.092.553.251.931.313.744.402.84Easter

294、n Asia-Pacific4.925.945.814.775.994.504.104.214.444.263.304.504.434.244.774.823.66Singapore136.156.825.145.366.415.715.702.675.946.544.411.571.753.804.374.384.14Indonesia224.675.773.784.134.816.033.835.444.343.971.905.433.983.064.345.414.84Malaysia354.915.884.513.885.644.224.996.204.184.052.793.962.

295、453.884.312.804.09Thailand474.154.874.314.065.684.144.344.964.893.762.184.552.864.174.133.303.67Viet Nam594.066.194.304.355.183.633.615.684.043.652.203.782.803.093.892.853.96Philippines694.095.273.664.034.384.724.015.593.623.121.553.932.012.894.523.424.52Cambodia863.626.143.193.644.285.743.755.582.7

296、62.851.972.501.601.413.993.034.65Lao PDR913.545.903.503.683.514.313.785.622.362.941.772.361.271.113.775.424.37South-East Asia 4.405.854.054.144.994.814.255.224.023.862.353.512.342.934.163.834.28India393.795.063.472.853.844.114.135.664.594.431.605.805.625.053.644.014.55Sri Lanka763.345.214.663.424.43

297、4.783.695.693.073.921.582.701.441.613.705.843.70Pakistan1013.414.533.493.243.303.082.956.043.313.371.672.891.972.773.644.313.97Nepal1052.915.393.523.273.244.573.745.772.702.241.352.611.181.283.824.834.35Bangladesh1093.255.673.583.134.023.232.125.253.083.951.372.141.632.093.603.422.71South Asia 3.345

298、.173.753.183.773.953.335.683.353.581.513.232.372.563.684.483.86Asia-Pacific4.285.704.534.094.984.493.965.023.983.912.433.753.013.244.234.313.97Note:Colour-coded based on performance relative to pillar mean score.Travel&Tourism Development Index 202435Impact,especially in South Asia(+30.2%).Moreover,

299、the signing and implementation of treaties such as the ASEAN-EU Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement(CATA)and the ASEAN Single Aviation Market are expected to help boost intraregional and international aviation in South-East Asia.Accordingly,the subregion had the highest improvements in indicator s

300、cores for air service agreements since 2019(+6.0%).In the coming years,the regions T&T market is expected to resume its historically high rate of growth.However,to develop T&T in a sustainable and resilient manner,far more attention needs to be focused on environmental sustainability,especially if d

301、eveloping economies in South and South-East Asia wish to preserve their tourism-generating nature assets.Moreover,many of these subregion destinations capacity to absorb increasing tourism demand and ability to benefit from new technology will need to be improved via greater investment in transport,

302、ICT and,in particular,tourist services infrastructure.Business and labour market reforms will also be needed to create more favourable conditions for T&T operators.Lastly,more progress is needed to improve the T&T sectors ability to generate positive economic and social impact.Despite progress,many

303、developing economies in Asia-Pacific score below average for T&T Socioeconomic Impact,with the T&T sector in South-East Asian states often generating fewer high-wage jobs,employment and GDP than the index mean,while South Asian economies score low for sector gender parity.In 2024,Japan(3rd)is the to

304、p performer in the APAC region,with Australia(5th)and China(8th)ranking in the global top 10.China also has the regions largest and the worlds second-largest T&T economy,while India(39th)has the largest T&T sector in South Asia and scores as the TTDIs top lower-middle-income economy.Meanwhile,the Ph

305、ilippines(69th)has relied the most on T&T for its GDP in 2022.While Singapore(13th)is the top performer in South-East Asia,neighbouring Indonesia experienced the greatest improvement in score in the region(+4.5%,36th to 22nd).Camel safari in Hunder desert,Nubra Valley,Leh,Ladakh.India has the top sc

306、ore in South Asia and among lower-middle-income economies.Travel&Tourism Development Index 2024366.3 Europe and Eurasia TTDI 2024 scores for Europe and EurasiaTABLE 3Enabling EnvironmentT&T Policy and Enabling ConditionsInfrastructure and ServicesT&T ResourcesT&T SustainabilityBusiness Environment S

307、afety and SecurityHealth and HygieneHuman Resources and Labour MarketICT ReadinessPrioritization of T&TOpenness to T&TPrice CompetitivenessAir Transport InfrastuctureGround and Port InfrastructureTourist Services and InfrastructureNatural ResourcesCultural ResourcesNon-Leisure ResourcesEnvironmental

308、 SustainabilityT&T Socioeconomic ImpactT&T Demand SustainabilityEconomyTTDI rankSpain24.926.145.994.756.055.735.013.606.064.925.464.956.644.815.394.253.34Italy94.895.795.884.685.855.234.803.155.244.794.605.006.744.235.373.463.53Portugal124.976.556.174.726.025.144.903.635.294.354.623.394.423.885.204.

309、763.26Greece214.475.306.344.325.855.434.803.165.523.735.953.033.013.335.234.293.00Trkiye293.554.964.853.525.296.124.165.195.503.723.403.504.964.234.184.323.10Cyprus304.965.796.214.825.695.344.783.824.953.596.501.741.612.344.824.023.39Malta345.126.236.414.656.095.544.723.774.434.054.871.681.581.944.1

310、14.033.87Croatia464.276.256.014.175.674.844.702.963.683.855.173.542.251.675.223.442.61Southern Europe4.645.885.984.455.815.424.733.665.084.135.073.353.903.304.944.073.26France45.355.786.205.026.224.934.753.185.495.315.035.416.255.075.893.153.22Germany65.585.756.865.096.125.195.053.655.355.343.563.47

311、6.275.275.623.413.35United Kingdom75.625.575.434.976.164.174.962.745.855.134.073.965.836.225.744.153.78Switzerland106.066.436.305.596.365.444.671.685.546.244.553.122.174.395.844.223.18Austria155.616.027.005.076.095.444.803.414.495.025.323.012.653.335.702.913.22Netherlands165.766.185.795.236.514.705.

312、212.875.436.333.302.552.844.085.553.373.12Belgium235.535.876.625.096.124.035.233.174.355.363.121.913.163.145.423.993.50Ireland245.596.115.685.325.913.784.672.784.984.334.551.982.484.184.943.864.34Luxembourg286.116.545.765.276.394.664.663.203.735.794.191.301.343.276.172.903.46Czech Republic335.166.35

313、6.704.646.015.135.064.403.685.013.662.012.262.255.263.012.74Western Europe5.646.066.235.136.194.754.913.114.895.394.142.873.524.125.613.503.39Denmark175.776.515.815.526.603.775.162.884.765.534.902.762.033.375.694.313.34Sweden195.856.145.905.446.274.544.883.384.214.634.182.872.344.205.893.923.10Finla

314、nd206.006.566.055.546.384.484.713.294.264.413.442.411.813.565.845.192.92Iceland325.306.595.755.466.395.684.671.444.683.046.103.211.561.335.234.472.58Estonia365.556.295.865.326.425.704.154.292.834.633.901.601.851.435.314.453.10Lithuania445.085.946.455.256.064.354.094.942.944.473.561.601.661.585.264.5

315、03.16Latvia654.576.055.794.805.904.394.334.733.083.753.201.591.251.535.043.192.76Northern Europe5.456.305.945.336.294.704.573.573.824.354.182.291.782.435.474.292.99Poland274.465.986.144.595.894.734.905.033.664.712.952.843.303.604.973.753.38Hungary374.656.266.294.445.825.364.714.683.684.942.711.972.2

316、02.575.433.713.15Bulgaria404.535.736.434.595.704.524.735.223.533.543.382.822.101.845.444.803.27Slovenia424.796.505.744.805.845.674.944.232.264.724.872.531.621.536.003.652.05Romania434.495.706.014.155.413.704.815.133.433.504.372.582.172.165.185.323.11Slovak Republic544.685.856.344.605.784.774.194.572

317、.254.262.842.201.881.775.803.562.61Montenegro603.866.125.423.805.224.284.144.733.013.356.071.771.221.144.515.353.28Albania664.555.984.904.544.905.194.565.003.233.333.012.171.291.524.913.273.43Serbia684.196.106.024.345.563.724.504.953.393.512.451.591.721.724.094.313.39North Macedonia873.935.985.513.6

318、74.883.433.685.412.562.722.561.841.531.264.004.043.03Moldova883.565.805.854.155.023.503.575.382.602.951.641.361.251.244.483.993.58Bosnia and Herzegovina903.316.005.103.624.882.824.635.102.522.572.851.741.591.334.074.502.98Balkans and Eastern Europe4.256.005.814.275.414.314.454.953.013.683.312.121.82

319、1.814.914.193.10Georgia454.946.175.494.855.514.684.505.473.353.923.532.051.811.564.504.033.99Kazakhstan523.935.695.984.465.424.313.156.143.192.823.143.642.072.223.955.503.55Azerbaijan564.565.265.454.475.074.503.705.833.154.292.831.842.481.533.974.414.28Armenia723.955.625.824.445.044.773.335.583.052.

320、812.311.481.501.393.903.814.65Uzbekistan784.066.175.004.355.023.303.385.493.053.441.452.491.851.433.084.804.13Tajikistan993.606.084.713.693.393.212.655.902.382.941.632.371.461.143.934.664.46Kyrgyz Republic1023.455.655.014.124.393.513.135.872.532.221.262.031.711.203.433.844.12Eurasia4.075.805.354.344

321、.834.043.415.752.963.212.312.271.841.493.824.444.17Europe and Eurasia4.806.015.894.685.714.634.464.213.944.183.802.572.582.654.994.073.35Note:Colour-coded based on performance relative to pillar mean score.Travel&Tourism Development Index 20243738Europe has consistently held its position as the top-

322、performing region in the TTDI,outperforming the global average across most pillars,with 34 of its ranked economies scoring above the index average.As one of the most economically developed regions in the world,Europe provides the best enabling environments for the T&T sector,including conducive busi

323、ness,safety and hygiene conditions,quality human resources and labour markets,and well-developed ICT infrastructure.Travel to the regions leading non-leisure and cultural destinations is facilitated by top-tier transport and tourist infrastructure and a high degree of economic integration and T&T op

324、enness.These advantages hold particular significance in the more developed subregions of Western,Southern and Northern Europe,laying a solid foundation for enduring high-quality T&T.These advantages helped Europe recover almost completely from the COVID-19 pandemic by the end of 2023.Nonetheless,the

325、 already mature nature of the regions T&T economy and the lingering effects of the pandemic have meant that the regions average TTDI score has improved by only 0.4%since 2019.While travel recovery helped drive the largest average regional increase in Air Transport Infrastructure(+10.4%)between the 2

326、021 and 2024 index editions,average scores for this pillar and Tourist Services and Infrastructure remain below 2019 levels.Air route capacity and connectivity,T&T capital investment and labour productivity are still depressed compared to peak pre-pandemic levels,while the number of hotel rooms has

327、marginally increased since before the pandemic,although short-term rental listings have yet to recover.Combined with demand growth and broader inflation,the lag in T&T capacity has helped fuel a regional decline in price competitiveness(-6.6%,2021 to 2024).Nevertheless,despite ongoing challenges,sin

328、ce 2019 less mature T&T economies in the Balkans and Eastern Europe and Eurasia have become more competitive,improving in areas such as ICT and ground infrastructure,visa openness and the development of natural and cultural resources.Going forward,several challenges pose risks to the development of

329、Europe and Eurasias T&T sector.While the region is among the safest in the world,the spread of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine represents a significant risk,as does inflation.Low scores for T&T Demand Sustainability indicate that overcrowding,high levels of seasonality and short lengths of stay are

330、also increasing pressure on many destinations,often leading to local backlashes against visitors.The regions far-from-ideal T&T Socioeconomic Impact average score also indicates that these issues may be further exacerbated if more is not done to improve sector wage competitiveness and distribution o

331、f economic benefits to communities.Many European tourism companies continue to face labour shortages,which may be partially explained by relatively low sector wages compared to other segments of the economy just as broad competition for skilled labour rises.Combined with associated declines in labou

332、r productivity and T&T investment caused by the pandemic,the sectors ability to induce broader economic growth and employment has been more limited.On the other hand,many European countries lead the world in environmental sustainability and nature preservation efforts,which bodes well for the region

333、s increasingly competitive natural offerings as reflected in climbing average scores for Natural Resources(+7.8%,2019 to 2024).Spain ranks highest in the region(2nd),yet France(4th),Germany(6th),the United Kingdom(7th),Italy(9th)and Switzerland(10th)all rank among the top 10 on the index.Spain is also the top performer in Southern Europe,with France,Denmark(17th),Poland(27th)and Georgia(45th)scori