1、E U S o la r J o b s R e p o rt 2022 Ad d r e ssi ng the sol a r ski l l s c ha l l e ng e SolarPower Europe Leading t he Energy Transit ion SolarPower Eu rope is a member-led associat ion t hat aims t o ensu re t hat more energy is generat ed by solar t han any ot her energy sou rce by 20 3 0.www.s

2、olarpowereurope.orgJoin 2 7 0+InfluenceIntelligenceNetworkDiscountsVisibilityEu ropemembersSolarPowerE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 20223F o re wo rd b y Commi ssi one r N i c ol a s S c hmi tWel co me t o So l arPo wer Eu ro p e s EU So l ar Jo bs Rep o rt 2022.At a ti me whe n E ur ope i s f a c i

3、ng b oth l ong-a nd shor t-te r m c ha l l e ng e s i n i ts e ne r g y se c ur i ty,nota b l y b e c a use of R ussi a s wa r of a g g r e ssi on a g a i nst U kr a i ne,e ne r g y pol i c y ha s b e c ome one of the top c onc e r ns of c i ti ze ns a nd b usi ne sse s.Our c ommi tme nt,i n l i ne

4、wi th the E ur ope a n G r e e n De a l a nd the E ur ope a n Cl i ma te L a w,to r e a c h c l i ma te ne utr a l i ty b y 2050 i mpl i e s a si g ni f i c a nt tr a nsi ti on of e ne r g y syste ms.R e ne wa b l e e ne r g i e s,i nc l ud i ng sol a r powe r a r e a s ke y to suc c e ssf ul l y r

5、e a c hi ng our g oa l s a nd to a c c e l e r a te e ne r g y tr a nsi ti on to e nsur e e ne r g y se c ur i ty,e c onomi c pr ospe r i ty,a nd ma i nta i n a nd c r e a te qua l i ty j ob s i n the E U.T he 2022 S ol a r J ob s R e por t i s ve r y pe r ti ne nt i n thi s c onte xt.T he e mpl oym

6、e nt a nd soc i a l i mpl i c a ti ons of the e ne r g y tr a nsi ti on a r e i nc r e a si ng l y vi si b l e:oppor tuni ti e s,l i ke j ob c r e a ti on i n r e ne wa b l e e l e c tr i c i ty pr od uc ti on shoul d b e r e a pe d whe r e a s c ha l l e ng e s,suc h a s j ob l osse s i n c oa l-r

7、e l a te d se c tor s must b e ta c kl e d i n pa r a l l e l.T hi s i s of c our se on top of the i mme d i a te i ssue of how to ta c kl e soa r i ng e ne r g y pr i c e s a nd ma ke sur e house hol d s a nd c ompa ni e s a r e suppor te d thi s wi nte r a nd b e yond.We must r e i nf or c e our t

8、r a i ni ng syste ms so tha t wor ke r s ha ve the ne c e ssa r y ski l l s to suc c e ssf ul l y ma ste r the tr a nsi ti ons,nota b l y b y tr a nsf e r r i ng to e me r g i ng se c tor s,suc h a s sol a r powe r.E ur ope a ns wa nt a n e ne r g y syste m tha t me e ts the i r ne e d s whe n i t c

9、 ome s to a f f or d a b l e pr i c e s,whi l e c r e a ti ng qua l i ty j ob s,a nd c ontr i b uti ng to pr ote c ti ng the e nvi r onme nt.Ac c or d i ng l y,i n J une 2022,the Counc i l of the E ur ope a n U ni on a d opte d a R e c omme nd a ti on on e nsur i ng a f a i r tr a nsi ti on towa r d

10、 s c l i ma te-ne utr a l i ty,a s pa r t of the se c ond F i t f or 55 pa c ka g e.T hr oug h thi s R e c omme nd a ti on,Me mb e r S ta te s c ommi t to a d opt me a sur e s a d d r e ssi ng the e mpl oyme nt a nd soc i a l a spe c ts of c l i ma te,e ne r g y a nd e nvi r onme nta l pol i c i e s

11、.P r omoti ng sol a r e ne r g y i s a t the f or e f r ont of the E ur ope a n Commi ssi ons e f f or ts a s i t d oe s not onl y c ontr i b ute to our c l i ma te a nd e ne r g y pol i c y g oa l s,b ut a l so ha s sub sta nti a l j ob c r e a ti on pote nti a l i n 2021 a l one 460,000 j ob s we

12、r e c r e a te d i n the sol a r i nd ustr y.I n Ma y 2022,the Commi ssi on pr opose d a ne w S ol a r str a te g y,whi c h a i ms to mor e tha n d oub l e sol a r photovol ta i c c a pa c i ty b y 2025 a nd i nsta l l 600 G WAC b y 2030(up f r om 160 G WDC a t e nd 2021).One of i ts c ompone nts,th

13、e E ur ope a n S ol a r R oof top i ni ti a ti ve,se ts a l e g a l ob l i g a ti on to i nsta l l sol a r pa ne l s on ne w b ui l d i ng s,a s we l l a s pub l i c b ui l d i ng s.By 2030,und e r a 750 G WDC sol a r c a pa c i ty sc e na r i o,sol a r e ne r g y e mpl oyme nt c oul d e ve n r e a

14、c h 1 mi l l i on j ob s.I n or d e r to e f f e c ti ve l y suppor t j ob c r e a ti on,the sol a r str a te g y se ts out a n E U l a r g e-sc a l e E U pa r tne r shi p to e nsur e a nd a c c e l e r a te r e-a nd upski l l i ng of the wor kf or c e ne e d e d to pr od uc e,i nsta l l a nd ma i n

15、ta i n sol a r pa ne l s,i nc l ud i ng the ski l l s ne e d e d to put i n pl a c e smooth a nd e f f i c i e nt pl a nni ng a nd pe r mi tti ng pr oc e d ur e s.T he a c c e l e r a ti on of r e qua l i f i c a ti on of the wor kf or c e towa r d s g r e e n ski l l s e nd e a vour i s suppor te d

16、 b y E U f und i ng pr og r a mme s suc h a s the E ur ope a n S oc i a l F und P l us a nd the R e c ove r y a nd R e si l i e nc e F a c i l i ty.I a m c onvi nc e d tha t thi s hi g hl y topi c a l R e por t wi l l c ontr i b ute to a l i ve l y d i sc ussi on a nd g e ne r a te f ur the r i nte

17、r e st b y pr ospe c ti ve wor ke r s a nd i nve stor s f or the sol a r i nd ustr y.NICOLAS SCHMIT E U Commi ssi one r f or J ob s a nd S oc i a l R i g htsEU Solar Jobs Report 20 224Table of cont ent sForeword 3 Ex ecu t iv e su mmary 5 Policy recommendat ions 6 1 Int rodu ct ion 9 1.1.Methodology

18、 10 1.2.Manufacturing scenarios 12 1.3.Changes from EU Solar Jobs Report 2 02 1 14 2 EU solar jobs 1 5 2.1.Update 2 02 1 15 2.2.Prospects 2 02 2 -2 02 6 2 2 2.3.Outlook to 2 03 0 3 0 Annex 3 2 Project Lead:Michael Schmela,SolarPower Eu rope.Project Management:Raffaele Rossi,SolarPower Eu rope.Au t h

19、ors:Christ ophe Lit s,Raffaele Rossi&Michael Schmela,SolarPower Eu rope.Tex t edit ing:Bet hany Meban,SolarPower Eu rope.Cont act:infosolarpowereu rope.org.Please cit e as:SolarPower Eu rope(20 22):EU Solar Jobs Report 2022 Addressing the solar skills challenge.Pu blished:Sept ember 20 22.ISBN:978 9

20、4 64 518 68 9.Thanks t o ou r sponser members:Design:Onehemisphere,Sweden.cont act onehemisphere.se Front cov er image:BayWa r.e.Disclaimer:This report has been prepared by SolarPower Eu rope.It is being fu rnished t o t he recipient s for general informat ion only.Not hing in it shou ld be int erpr

21、et ed as an offer or recommendat ion of any produ ct s,serv ices or financial produ ct s.This report does not const it u t e t echnical,inv est ment,legal,t ax or any ot her adv ice.Recipient s shou ld consu lt wit h t heir own t echnical,financial,legal,t ax or ot her adv isors as needed.This repor

22、t is based on sou rces believ ed t o be accu rat e.Howev er,SolarPower Eu rope does not warrant t he accu racy or complet eness of any informat ion cont ained in t his report.SolarPower Eu rope assu mes no obligat ion t o u pdat e any informat ion cont ained herein.SolarPower Eu rope will not be hel

23、d liable for any direct or indirect damage incu rred by t he u se of t he informat ion prov ided and will not prov ide any indemnit ies.Unless ot herwise st at ed,t he copyright and ot her int ellect u al propert y right s of market int elligence dat a and resou rces prov ided are owned by SolarPowe

24、r Eu rope.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 20225E xe c ut iv e summa ryT he E U sol a r ma r ke t wi l l b r e a k a nothe r i nsta l l a ti on r e c or d thi s ye a r.S ol a r P owe r E ur ope s l a te st f or e c a st e sti ma te s a r a ng e of 34 to 40 G W of ne wl y i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty i

25、n 2022,tr a nsl a ti ng i nto up to 42%ye a r-on-ye a r g r owth.De ma nd f or sol a r powe r syste ms i s muc h hi g he r tha n a c tua l i nsta l l a ti ons te sti f y,a s c i ti ze ns a nd b usi ne sse s a r e d e spe r a te l y l ooki ng f or r a pi d a nd ta i l or e d pr ote c ti on a g a i ns

26、t skyr oc ke ti ng powe r a nd g a s pr i c e s.F a mi l i a r ob sta c l e s to b ui l d i ng a sol a r powe r syste m r e ma i n,wi th pe r mi tti ng c ha l l e ng e s a nd suppl y c ha i n i ssue s r e c e i vi ng muc h-ne e d e d pol i ti c a l a tte nti on.H owe ve r,a n und e r e sti ma te d,a

27、 nd ma j or b ottl e ne c k,i s ti g hte ni ng i n se ve r a l me mb e r sta te s r i g ht now:a l a c k of i nsta l l e r s.E ve n whe r e a d mi ni str a ti ve b a r r i e r s a r e r e sol ve d a nd sol a r pa ne l s a r e r e a d i l y a va i l a b l e,E ur ope a ns r e por t d e l a ys of up to

28、 a ye a r to i nsta l l sol a r r oof top syste ms,a nd e ve n l ong e r i f c omb i ne d wi th b a tte r y stor a g e or he a t pumps.T he E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t,b ui l t a nd mod e l l e d i n-house,i s pub l i she d a nnua l l y to a na l yse the d e ve l opme nt of d i r e c t a nd i nd i

29、 r e c t e mpl oyme nt i n a se c tor pr od uc i ng a nd i nsta l l i ng a te c hnol og y tha t i s suppose d to b e the l e a d i ng powe r g e ne r a ti on sour c e of the c onti ne nt i n the f utur e.Our 2022 e d i ti on shows tha t i n 2021,the sol a r se c tor e mpl oye d 466,000 f ul l ti me

30、e mpl oye e s(F T E s)i n the E U,tha ts 108,000 mor e tha n 2020.Whi l e 44%of the tota l,205,000 F T E s,we r e e mpl oye d d i r e c tl y i n the sol a r se c tor,a sl i g htl y hi g he r sha r e we r e i nd i r e c t j ob s-56%a nd 261,000 F T E s-,whi c h e nc ompa sse s wor k i n pr oc e ss ma

31、 te r i a l s a nd l og i sti c s i nd ustr i e s.T he ma j or sha r e of j ob s pr ovi d e d b y the sol a r i nd ustr y a r e r e l a te d to the i nsta l l a ti on pha se.Di r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t j ob s l i nke d to sol a r d e pl oyme nt a mounte d to 367,000 F T E s,e qua l l i ng 79%of t

32、ota l j ob s i n 2021.S ol a r Ma nuf a c tur i ng c ontr i b ute d 9%,a nd so d i d Ope r a ti ons&Ma i nte na nc e,whi l e De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng j ob s ha ve r e ma i ne d a mi nor sour c e of e mpl oyme nt,wi th a 3%sha r e.T hi s i s a ve r y si mi l a r pi c tur e a s i n the pr

33、e vi ous ye a r,whi c h me a ns g r owth c a n b e se e n c onsi ste ntl y a c r oss the sol a r va l ue c ha i n.R e g a r d i ng e mpl oyme nt,ne w sol a r powe r g e ne r a ti on c a pa c i ti e s a r e e xc e pti ona l l y va l ua b l e a s sol a r i s the most j ob-i nte nsi ve a mong l ow c a

34、r b on a nd r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y te c hnol og i e s,i n pa r ti c ul a r r oof top sol a r,whi c h c r e a te s 5-7 ti me s mor e c onstr uc ti on j ob s tha n a ny ne w c e ntr a l i se d powe r pl a nts.T he c ountr i e s hosti ng most sol a r j ob s i n 2021 we r e a g a i n P ol a nd,G e r

35、 ma ny,S pa i n,the N e the r l a nd s the E U s l e a d i ng sol a r ma r ke ts,wi th r oof top sol a r mostl y d omi na ti ng the i r na ti ona l i nsta l l a ti on l a nd sc a pe.S ol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s a mounte d to 44,000 i n 2021,whe r e i nve r te r pr od uc ti on pr ovi d e d the

36、 b ul k,wi th 31,000 F T E s a nd a r ound 70%ma r ke t sha r e.N e w j ob s we r e a l so c r e a te d i n the othe r se g me nts of E U sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng,wi th the na sc e nt pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ti e s i n the i ng ot/wa f e r se g me nt a nd sol a r c e l l se g me nt onl y of f e

37、 r i ng und e r 1,000 j ob s c omb i ne d a t tha t ti me.O ur f or e c a st shows sol a r j ob s on a ste a d y r i se i n 2022 too,wi th a n a nti c i pa te d 14%a nnua l g r owth to a b out 530,000 F T E s und e r the Me d i um S c e na r i os 34 G W c a pa c i ty a d d i ti ons.H owe ve r,i f th

38、e 40 G W H i g h S c e na r i o b e c ome s r e a l i ty,we wi l l se e j ob s i nc r e a si ng b y 30%to 606,000.T he E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t pr ovi d e s a f i ve-ye a r outl ook f or sol a r j ob c r e a ti on i n the E U,b a se d on the sc e na r i os d e ve l ope d b y S ol a r P owe r E

39、ur ope s G l ob a l Ma r ke t Outl ook 2022-2026 pub l i she d i n Ma y.Ac c or d i ng to the Me d i um S c e na r i o,f ur the r g r owth c oul d l e a d to 764,000 j ob s i n 2026 tha t woul d b e a 64%g r owth c ompa r e d to 2021 l e ve l s.Our mod e l l i ng i nd i c a te s tha t r e a c hi ng

40、the 2030 sol a r ta r g e t of 750 G WDC of the E ur ope a n Commi ssi ons R E P owe r E U pa c ka g e wi l l r e sul t i n the c r e a ti on of ove r 1 mi l l i on d i r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t j ob s i n the E U sol a r i nd ustr y i n tha t ye a r,mor e tha n d oub l i ng the e mpl oyme nt i n

41、the se c tor c ompa r e d to 2021.Whi l e the R E P owe r E U ta r g e ts a r e g oi ng i n the r i g ht d i r e c ti on,the a mb i ti on r e ma i ns 26%l owe r tha n S ol a r P owe r E ur ope s Ac c e l e r a te d H i g h S c e na r i o,whi c h i s c a l l i ng f or 1 T W of sol a r powe r g e ne r

42、 a ti on c a pa c i ty b y 2030 i n or d e r to ke e p the 1.5 C P a r i s Cl i ma te Ag r e e me nt ta r g e t a l i ve.I f the E U i nsta l l e d 1 T W of sol a r b y 2030,j ob s i n the se c tor woul d r e a c h a l most 1.5 mi l l i on F T E s i n the sa me ye a r,whi c h i s 45%hi g he r tha n

43、i n the R E P owe r E U sc e na r i o.F or sol a r to c ontr i b ute i ts sha r e to the E U Cl i ma te T a r g e ts a nd E ne r g y I nd e pe nd e nc e i t r e qui r e s not onl y str ong a mb i ti on wi th a mi ni mum E U 45%r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y ta r g e t a nd f ur the r i mpr ove me nts i

44、n pol i c y f r a me wor ks i n me mb e r sta te s.I t i s of the utmost i mpor ta nc e to l a unc h a c c e ssi b l e tr a i ni ng pr og r a mme s tha t a r e a sse sse d a nd moni tor e d i n a l l me mb e r sta te s,whi l e the E U shoul d e nsur e tha t the ne w S ol a r S ki l l s P a r tne r s

45、hi p ta r g e ts the whol e wor kf or c e.I n thi s c onte xt,on 1 De c e mb e r 2022,S ol a r P owe r E ur ope wi l l l a unc h i ts#S ol a r Wor ks J ob s onl i ne e mpl oyme nt pl a tf or m d ur i ng i ts f i r st e d i ti on of a n a nnua l#S ol a r Wor ks onl i ne J ob f a i r,a pr oj e c t to

46、c onne c t j ob se e ke r s a nd f oste r sol a r e d uc a ti on.1.An en abl in g framewo rk fo r wo rkfo rce an d s kil l s.I n Ma y 2022,the E ur ope a n Commi ssi on pub l i she d a f i r st-of-i ts-ki nd E U S ol a r S tr a te g y und e r the f r a me wor k of R E P owe r E U,i nc r e a si ng so

47、l a r d e pl oyme nt a mb i ti on i n E ur ope b y 43%a nd unc ove r i ng se ve r a l ste ps to spe e d up sol a r i nsta l l a ti ons.Wi th pr oposa l s ta r g e ti ng a b out 400 G WDC b y 2025 a nd 750 G WDC b y 2030,ke y ste ps ha ve a l r e a d y b e e n ta ke n to a c hi e ve thi s r e ne we d

48、 l e ve l of a mb i ti on,i nc l ud i ng l e g i sl a ti ve pr oposa l s ta c kl i ng c r uc i a l c ha l l e ng e s suc h a s pe r mi tti ng.H owe ve r,the se c tor i s now c onf r onte d wi th b ottl e ne c ks a r ound the a va i l a b i l i ty of ski l l e d wor kf or c e,e spe c i a l l y a t i

49、nsta l l a ti on l e ve l.The s kil l ed l abo u r gap may wel l beco me t he key bo t t l en eck t hat s t o p s Eu ro p e fro m reachin g it s en ergy s ecu rit y an d cl imat e go al s.T e c hni c a l c a r e e r s a nd e d uc a ti on i n sol a r j ob s must b e pr omote d a s a ma tte r of pr i

50、or i ty to sol ve the se c tor s i ssue of l a c ki ng ski l l e d l a b our.F i r st,me mb e r sta te s must a sse ss the ne e d f or upski l l i ng a nd tr a i ni ng a nd e nsur e tha t e noug h tr a i ni ng pr og r a mme s a r e i n pl a c e a nd tha t e noug h pe opl e a r e i nc e nti vi se d t

51、o j oi n the r e l e va nt tr a i ni ng s.T he d ua l c ha l l e ng e of ski l l s a nd wor ke r s shor ta g e s i s a d d r e sse d b y the E U Commi ssi ons I T R E Commi tte e i n the r e por t on the r e vi si on of R E D I I (R E D I I I)a d opte d on 13 J ul y.1 S e c ond,a s i nd i c a te d i

52、 n R E D I I I,me mb e r sta te s must d e ve l op i nd i c a tor s moni tor i ng pe r f or ma nc e on ski l l s d e pl oyme nt tha t shoul d b e use d i n the P o lic y re c o mme n d a t io n s S MAE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202261https:/www.e ur opa r l.e ur opa.e u/d oc e o/d oc ume nt/A-9-20

53、22-0208 _E N.pd f 1.Skil l ed wo rkfo rce requ ires u rgen t at t en t io n an d p o l icy s u p p o rt.As R E P owe r E U se ts ne w sol a r a mb i ti on,the a va i l a b i l i ty of ski l l e d wor kf or c e e me r g e s a s a pote nti a l b ottl e ne c k.Me mb e r sta te s must a sse ss a nd moni

54、 tor the ne e d f or upski l l i ng a nd tr a i ni ng pr og r a mme s,whi l e the E U must a d va nc e wi th the ne w S ol a r S ki l l s P a r tne r shi ps a s a ma tte r of pr i or i ty.2.Mo re l o cal s o l ar creat es mo re l o cal jo bs.De pl oyme nt of ne w P V syste ms i s the ma i n d r i ve

55、 r f or qua l i ty e mpl oyme nts,e spe c i a l l y i n the r oof top se g me nt.S ol a r r oof top ma nd a te s c r e a te muc h-ne e d e d vi si b i l i ty on l oc a l sol a r d e pl oyme nt a nd a r e a g r e a t oppor tuni ty f or me mb e r sta te s to c r e a te l oc a l e mpl oyme nt.T he sc o

56、pe of the ma nd a te shoul d b e e xte nd e d to a l l non-r e si d e nti a l b ui l d i ng s a nd to r e nova ti on a c ti vi ti e s.3.Del iv erin g o n EU s o l ar man u fact u rin g.Ma nuf a c tur i ng pr ovi d e s a sma l l pe r c e nta g e of j ob s tod a y,b ut of hi g h str a te g i c i mpor

57、ta nc e.R e shor i ng E U ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ty i n l i ne wi th the S ol a r P V I nd ustr y Al l i a nc e wi l l c r e a te j ob s whi l e r e ta i ni ng E U l e a d e r shi p i n R&I a nd i nc r e a si ng e ne r g y i nd e pe nd e nc e.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 20227E ur ope a n S

58、 e me ste r a s pa r t of the S ki l l s P a r tne r shi p on onshor e r e ne wa b l e s.Me a sur e s ta c kl i ng the ski l l s g a p shoul d b e a l so r e por te d i n the N a ti ona l E ne r g y a nd Cl i ma te P l a ns(N E CP s).T hi r d,to a d d r e ss the i nsta l l e r s shor ta g e,me mb e

59、r sta te s shoul d se t up e na b l i ng f r a me wor ks f or i nsta l l e r s,b oth a t the i nd i vi d ua l a nd c ompa ny l e ve l,suc h a s f i na nc i a l i nc e nti ve s f or i nsta nc e thr oug h ta x r e d uc ti ons.T he e f f or ts f r om me mb e r sta te s must b e suppor te d a t E U l e

60、ve l.T he E ur ope a n Commi ssi on ha s a l r e a d y pr opose d the ne w S ol a r S ki l l s P a r tne r shi p a s pa r t of the P a c t f or S ki l l s,e nsur i ng a n e xc ha ng e of b e st pr a c ti c e s,a nd to e xpl or e wa ys to a c c e ss a va i l a b l e f und i ng f or ski l l s d e ve l

61、 opme nt.As a ma j or tool f or the E U S ki l l s Ag e nd a,the P a c t f or S ki l l s shoul d not b e l i mi te d to the i nd ustr y a nd str i ve to i nvol ve na ti ona l a nd r e g i ona l pub l i c a uthor i ti e s.2.Mo re l o cal s o l ar creat es mo re l o cal jo bs.I f sta b i l i ty i n th

62、e sol a r ma r ke t i s the e sse nti a l pr e c ond i ti on f or a susta i na b l e sol a r j ob s l a nd sc a pe,a c c e l e r a ti ng the pa c e of P V d e pl oyme nt wi l l i nc r e a se the a mount of j ob s i n the se c tor.S i nc e most sol a r j ob s a r e l i nke d wi th a nnua l P V i nsta

63、 l l a ti ons,a g r owth i n the sol a r ma r ke t wi l l ha ve d i r e c t posi ti ve i mpa c ts on sol a r e mpl oyme nt too.E U a nd na ti ona l pol i c yma ke r s ne e d to str i ve to i mpr ove the f r a me wor k c ond i ti ons f or sol a r to r e a p the se d oub l e d i vi d e nd s.I n the up

64、c omi ng r e vi si on of N E CP s ta ki ng pl a c e i n 2023,me mb e r sta te s shoul d se t a mb i ti ous na ti ona l sol a r ta r g e ts a nd c l e a r r oa d ma ps to r e a c h the m.S pe c i a l e mpha si s shoul d b e g i ve n to r oof top sol a r d e pl oyme nt.R oof top sol a r i s thr e e ti

65、 me s mor e j ob i nte nsi ve tha n uti l i ty-sc a l e sol a r,a nd f ur the r,i t c r e a te s mor e l oc a l j ob s.Wi th the se i n mi nd,the r oof top sol a r ma nd a te s f or c omme r c i a l b ui l d i ng s,outl i ne d i n R E P owe r E U,shoul d b e l e ve r a g e d to suppor t sol a r d e

66、pl oyme nt whi l e c r e a ti ng e mpl oyme nt oppor tuni ti e s.I n pa r ti c ul a r,ma nd a tor y sol a r i nsta l l a ti ons on ne w b ui l d i ng s shoul d b e e xte nd e d to a l l b ui l d i ng s und e r g oi ng a ma j or r e nova ti on,r e nova ti ons of the b ui l d i ng ski n,a nd r e nova

67、ti ons tha t l e a d to a si g ni f i c a nt i nc r e a se i n e l e c tr i c i ty c onsumpti on.Mor e ove r,a ny non-r e si d e nti a l b ui l d i ng i nc l ud i ng i nd ustr i a l b ui l d i ng s,c a r por ts,a s we l l a s pub l i c a nd c omme r c i a l b ui l d i ng s b e l ow 250 m f l oor a r

68、 e a shoul d b e i nc l ud e d i n the pr ovi si ons f or ne w,r e nova te d,a nd e xi sti ng b ui l d i ng s.R oof top sol a r ma nd a te s,tog e the r wi th oi l a nd g a s b oi l e r b a ns,pr ovi d e muc h-ne e d e d vi si b i l i ty on sol a r d e pl oyme nt,a l l owi ng me mb e r sta te s to c

69、 r e a te l oc a l e mpl oyme nt a nd b r i ng tog e the r a l l r e l e va nt sta ke hol d e r s to mob i l i se a nd r e ski l l wor ke r s suc h a s r oof e r s,e l e c tr i c i a ns,a nd c onstr uc ti on wor ke r s.Bo x 1.#S o la rWo rk s T he sol a r i nd ustr y i s c ur r e ntl y e xpe r i e n

70、c i ng a c r i ti c a l shor ta g e of sol a r wor ke r s wi th the ne c e ssa r y ski l l s,e spe c i a l l y a t ma nuf a c tur i ng a nd i nsta l l a ti on l e ve l.S ol a r P owe r E ur ope i s c r e a ti ng the#S ol a r Wor ks J ob s pl a tf or m,whi c h wi l l he l p c ompa ni e s a l ong the

71、sol a r va l ue c ha i n a c c e ss the ski l l e d wor kf or c e ne e d e d to d r i ve the e ne r g y tr a nsi ti on.T hi s pl a tf or m wi l l c onne c t j ob se e ke r s to sol a r c ompa ni e s thr oug h a ski l l ma tc hi ng a l g or i thm.Whe n mi ssi ng ski l l s a r e i d e nti f i e d i n

72、a j ob se e ke r pr of i l e r e l e va nt tr a i ni ng pr og r a mme s a r e sug g e ste d to the a ppl i c a nt,tha nks to the pl a tf or ms e ng a g e me nt wi th a b r oa d r a ng e of e d uc a ti ona l i nsti tuti ons,f r om e ng i ne e r i ng uni ve r si ti e s to te c hni c a l P V i nsta l l

73、 i ng c our se s.By c ompa r i ng j ob se e ke r s ski l l s a nd the ski l l s c ompa ni e s a r e l ooki ng f or,we wi l l a l so b e a b l e to f ur the r a na l yse the ski l l s g a p a nd ta ke a c ti on a c c or d i ng l y.T he pl a tf or m wi l l b e l a unc he d of f i c i a l l y on 1 De c

74、 e mb e r 2022,on the f i r st e d i ti on of the a nnua l#S ol a r Wor ks onl i ne J ob F a i r:a n onl i ne e xhi b i ti on spa c e c onne c ti ng pote nti a l sol a r wor ke r s to c ompa ni e s.T he J ob F a i r wi l l b e the pl a c e whe r e the E ur ope a n sol a r c ommuni ty g a the r s top

75、 ta l e nts f r om a l l ove r the wor l d,wi th the pa r ti c i pa ti on of e d uc a ti ona l i nsti tuti ons to f ur the r e nha nc e c oope r a ti on b e twe e n i nd ustr y a nd tr a i ni ng sta ke hol d e r s.T he ta r g e t a ud i e nc e f or b oth pr oj e c ts wi l l b e pote nti a l sol a r

76、wor ke r s a t a ny ste p of the i r pr of e ssi ona l d e ve l opme nt,r a ng i ng f r om stud e nts who a r e l ooki ng f or a n i mpa c tf ul c a r e e r to pe opl e who a r e c ur r e ntl y wor ki ng i n d e c l i ni ng i nd ustr i e s suc h a s c oa l mi ni ng.F or mor e i nf or ma ti on,sta y

77、tune d f or the l a unc h of our d e d i c a te d pl a tf or m a nd we b si te i n De c e mb e r thi s ye a r.3.An industrial strategy for EU solar manufacturing.Today,s olar manu fact u r ing jobs pr ovide a compar at ively s mall s har e of t ot al EU s olar jobs.This is par t ly becau s e manu fa

78、ct u r ing is les s job int ens ive t han capacit y deployment,bu t als o du e t o t he limit ed PV manu fact u r ing capacit y left in t he EU.At pr es ent,t he vas t major it y of global PV manu fact u r ing capacit y is ou t s ide of t he EU,pr imar ily in China.As t he EU looks t o s t r engt he

79、n it s pos it ion in global s olar PV s u pply chains,inclu ding by r es hor ing manu fact u r ing t o Eu r ope,it is es s ent ial t hat t he s kills dimens ion is int egr at ed in t hat agenda.This is all mor e impor t ant given t hat t he gr adu al r edu ct ion of Eu r opes indu s t r ial bas e ha

80、s cr eat ed dis cont inu it y in manu fact u r ing s kills and knowledge.The new EU Solar PV Indu s t r y Alliance,aiming at r es hor ing at leas t 2 0 GW of s olar manu fact u r ing capacit y by 2 02 5,mu s t t her efor e look at edu cat ing s killed labou r for t his par t of t he s olar valu e ch

81、ain t oo.Ret aining and s t r engt hening EU s olar manu fact u r ing br ings a nu mber of benefit s:maint aining EU leader s hip in a cr it ical r es ear ch and innovat ion indu s t r y;s u ppor t ing t he availabilit y of per manent and high s killed jobs;decr eas ing EU dependence on global s u p

82、ply chains and;s t r engt hening ener gy independence.1 Policy recommendations/cont inu edEU Solar Jobs Repor t 2 02 28Box 2.Diversity in the solar sector industry commitment Ju s t as r evolu t ionar y s olar t echnology changes t he way we look at ener gy gener at ion,t he s olar s ect or mu s t d

83、o ou r par t t o t ake s ociet y for war d in ot her ways,and dis mant le any ou t dat ed,u nfair bar r ier s t o employment t hat face u nder r epr es ent ed gr ou ps.Ever y wor kplace mu s t be inclu s ive,r egar dles s of gender or s ex u al ident it y,r ace or cu lt u r al backgr ou nd,or dis ab

84、ilit y s t at u s.The s olar s ect or is made bet t er by a wor kfor ce t hat br ings t oget her a diver s it y of ex per ience t hat is r epr es ent at ive of t he wor ld ar ou nd u s.Impr oving gender equ alit y alone has clear benefit for pr odu ct ivit y,and cou ld t ake EU GDP fr om 1.95 t o 3.

85、1 5 t r illion EUR by 2 05 0,accor ding t o t he Eu r opean Ins t it u t e for Gender Equ alit y.Encou r aging mor e women t o join t he s olar wor kfor ce is a valu able act ion t o begin wit h.The r enewable ener gy s ect or employs a s ignificant ly higher nu mber of women compar ed t o t he ener

86、 gy s ect or over all;s t ill,women cover only 32%of r enewable ener gy jobs,and t he per cent age of women in t he ar eas of s cience,t echnology,engineer ing,and mat hemat ics is ju s t 2 8%.As par t of effor t s t o pr omot e Diver s it y,Equ it y,and Inclu s ion(DEI)ex cellence acr os s t he s e

87、ct or,Solar Power Eu r ope pr es ent s a Solar Diver s it y Champion Awar d annu ally,bu ilding on t he inau gu r al Solar Gender Champion Awar d in 2 02 1.The Awar d br ings vis ibilit y t o t he impor t ance of DEI,celebr at ing ex is t ing bes t pr act ices wit hin s olar companies,while r ecogni

88、s ing t he s u bs t ant ial effor t s t hat ar e s t ill needed for a mor e inclu s ive wor kfor ce.Light s ou r ce BP is t he winner of t he 2 02 2 edit ion,wit h a DEI policy woven int o t he fabr ic of t his leading s olar developer.Light s ou r ce BPs DEI s t r at egy s t r ives t o enhance empl

89、oyee ex per ience,impr ove diver s e r ecr u it ment,and ens u r e meaningfu l wor ks hops,as well as equ it able event s.Solar Power Eu r ope is cu r r ent ly wor king on it s own DEI s t r at egy,which will inclu de a r oadmap t o making t he Eu r opean s olar s ect or a mor e diver s e and inclu

90、s ive wor k envir onment.Solar Power Su mmit 2 02 2:Solar Diver s it y Champion Awar d pr es ent ed t o Light s ou r ce BP by t he 2 02 1 winner s of t he inau gu r al Solar Gender Champion Awar d,Sonnedix.Solar Power Eu r opeE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 20229I n t ro d uc t io n a n d me t h o d o

91、 lo g y1If l as t year s EU So l ar Jo bs Rep o rt 2021 l o o ked at s o l ar jo b creat io n in a p ers p ect iv e o f exp an din g PV market s t o achiev e l o n g-t erm cl imat e t arget s,o n e year l at er t he cl imat e an d en ergy l an ds cap e has en t irel y chan ged.S ol a r c a pa c i ty

92、 d e pl oyme nt i s not sol e l y d r i ve n b y l ong-te r m c l i ma te c onc e r ns a nymor e i t i s now c onsi d e r e d a s a n e f f e c ti ve shor t-te r m sol uti on to c ur b soa r i ng e ne r g y pr i c e s a nd d e c r e a se d e pe nd e nc e f r om R ussi a n f ossi l f ue l s.O ur a na

93、 l ysi s f r om the G l ob a l Ma r ke t O utl ook f or S ol a r P owe r 2022-2026 shows a qui c kl y g r owi ng sol a r ma r ke t i n the E U,wi th the b l oc a d d i ng 27.9 G W i n 2021,up 40%f r om the pr e vi ous ye a r.As pol i c yma ke r s,b usi ne sse s a nd house hol d s wi l l i nc r e a s

94、i ng l y l ook a t sol a r a s a sol uti on to the i r e ne r g y ne e d s,the ma r ke t i s se t to f ur the r g r ow to 33.6 G W i n 2022 a nd r e a c h 66 G W i n 2026 und e r a Me d i um S c e na r i o.Wi th the ha r d shi ps of CO V I D-19 r e str i c ti ons f ul l y l e f t b e hi nd,the ye a

95、r s to c ome a ppe a r e xtr e me l y b r i g ht f or sol a r.S uc h posi ti ve ma r ke t d yna mi c s a r e r e f l e c te d i nto j ob c r e a ti on a t a l l l e ve l s.As sol a r ha s tur ne d i nto the pr i ma r y f or c e d r i vi ng the E U e ne r g y tr a nsi ti on l a st ye a r,a b out 153%

96、mor e sol a r c a pa c i ti e s we r e i nsta l l e d tha n the se c ond l a r g e st powe r g e ne r a ti on sour c e i ts c ontr i b uti on to c r e a ti ng l ong-te r m e mpl oyme nt i n E ur ope i s a l so qui c kl y g r owi ng.R e g a r d i ng e mpl oyme nt,ne w sol a r powe r g e ne r a ti on

97、c a pa c i ti e s a r e e xc e pti ona l l y va l ua b l e a s sol a r i s the most j ob-i nte nsi ve a mong l ow c a r b on a nd r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y te c hnol og i e s(se e F i g ur e 1).ABO Wi nd.FIGURE 1 J OB CR E AT I ON P E R MI L L I ON DOL L AR S OF CAP I T AL I NV E S T ME NT I N P OW

98、E R GE NE R AT I ON T E CHNOL OGI E S AND AV E R AGE CO2 ABAT E ME NT COS T S 007080Abatement costs(USD per tCO2)ModerateLongShortDelay to activity15510Hydro newJobs created during construction phaseNuclear newEfficient gas newSolar PV utilityWind offshoreNuclearlifetime extensionHydro re

99、powerWind onshore newWind onshore repowerSolar PV rooftopN O T E:Avoi d e d CO2 e mi ssi ons c a l c ul a te d b a se d on d i spl a c i ng c oa l-f i r e d g e ne r a ti on,g l ob a l a ve r a g e s shown.De l a y to a c ti vi ty r e f e r s to the ti me r e qui r e d f or c a pi ta l to b e i nve

100、ste d i nto powe r g e ne r a ti on te c hnol og i e s.S OU R CE:I E A.T he a i m of thi s stud y i s to i l l ustr a te the c ur r e nt a nd f utur e j ob c r e a ti on a ssoc i a te d wi th sol a r powe r i n the E ur ope a n U ni on,b a se d on hi stor i c a l d a ta a nd the ma r ke t sc e na r

101、i os f r om S ol a r P owe r E ur ope s G l ob a l Ma r ke t Outl ook 2022-2026.Mor e ove r,the a na l ysi s pr ovi d e s a l ong-te r m outl ook f or sol a r j ob c r e a ti on i n the E U,r e f l e c ti ng d i f f e r e nt l e ve l s of a mb i ti on towa r d s 2030.T he i mpa c ts on j ob c r e a

102、ti on of the 2030 R E P owe r E U ta r g e t i s c ompa r e d to a hi g he r l e ve l of a mb i ti on whe r e b y 1 T W of d e pl oye d P V c a pa c i ty i s r e a c he d b y the e nd of the d e c a d e.1.1.Me t h o d o lo g y T hi s stud y use s a hyb r i d a ppr oa c h to c a l c ul a te f ul l-ti

103、 me e qui va l e nt(F T E s)j ob s b a se d on me thod ol og i e s tha t ha ve b e e n pr e vi ousl y e mpl oye d i n sol a r a nd r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y j ob c r e a ti on stud i e s.2 T he mod e l e sti ma te s d i r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t sol a r F T E s c r e a te d on a n a nnua l b a si

104、 s f or e a c h E U me mb e r sta te,whi c h a r e a na l yse d i nd i vi d ua l l y a t f our d i f f e r e nt ste ps of the va l ue c ha i n:(i)Ma nuf a c tur i ng;(i i)De pl oyme nt;(i i i)Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e;(i v)De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng.Di r e c t j ob s a r e F T E s tha

105、 t a r e l i nke d to c or e a c ti vi ti e s suc h a s ma nuf a c tur i ng,d e pl oyme nt,O&M a nd d e c ommi ssi oni ng&r e c yc l i ng.Di r e c t e f f e c ts a r e e xpe nd i tur e s ma d e b y pr od uc e r s/c onsume r s b e c a use of f i na l d e ma nd.By c ontr a st,i nd i r e c t j ob s a r

106、 e a r e sul t of b usi ne ss-to-b usi ne ss pur c ha se s i n the suppl y c ha i n tha t a r e c onsi d e r e d i nte r me d i a te tr a nsa c ti ons.T he spe nd i ng of d i r e c t F T E s i n i nte r me d i a te se c tor s c r e a te s i nd i r e c t F T E s i n the c or r e spond i ng se c tor s

107、.3 Di r e c t j ob s i n Ma nuf a c tur i ng a s we l l a s De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng a r e c a l c ul a te d thr oug h e mpl oyme nt f a c tor s,whi l e d i r e c t j ob s i n De pl oyme nt a s we l l a s Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e (O&M)a r e ob ta i ne d thr oug h a CAP E X-OP E X m

108、od e l.E mpl oyme nt f a c tor s i nd i c a te how ma ny j ob s a r e c r e a te d i n the ma nuf a c tur i ng (or e nd-of-l i f e ma na g e me nt)f or 1 MW of sol a r c a pa c i ty i n a g i ve n c ountr y,wi th spe c i f i c va l ue s f or e a c h va l ue c ha i n se g me nt.By c ontr a st,the CAP

109、 E X-OP E X mod e l a ppr oa c h d e te r mi ne s the a g g r e g a te c ost of l a b our a s a sha r e of tota l CAP E X (f or d e pl oyme nt)or OP E X (f or O&M)a nd d i vi d e s i t b y the c ost of l a b our pe r wor ke r,ob ta i ni ng the numb e r of j ob s r e sul ti ng f r om sol a r i nsta l

110、 l a ti ons i n a g i ve n me mb e r sta te.De pl oyme nt j ob s a r e b a se d on a nnua l l y i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty,whi l e O&M j ob s d e r i ve f r om c umul a ti ve i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty.Mor e ove r,to qua nti f y the i nd i r e c t e f f e c ts of sol a r P V i nve stme nts,the r

111、 e por t use s a n I nput/Output ta b l e tha t e nc ompa sse s the 27 E U me mb e r sta te s a nd 1 I n t ro d uc t io n a n d me t h o d o lo g y/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202210value chain stepmethodologyfor direct jobsmethodology for total jobsManufacturingDeploymentOperations&Ma

112、intenanceDecommissioning&RecyclingEmploymentfactorsCAPEX-OPEXmodelCAPEX-OPEXmodelEmploymentfactorsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsInput/output(FTE multiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Total FTEsTotal FTEsTotal FTEsTotal FTEs2A f u

113、l l-ti me e qui va l e nt i s a me a sur e of e mpl oye e wor kl oa d a nd e qua l s the numb e r of hour s of a typi c a l f ul l-ti me e mpl oye e.A f ul l-ti me sta f f me mb e r woul d ha ve a n F T E of 1.0.3I nd uc e d j ob s,whi c h a r e c r e a te d thr oug h mone y f l ows r e sul ti ng f

114、r om house hol d spe nd i ng of l a b our i nc ome,a r e not i nc l ud e d i n the sc ope of thi s stud y.TABLE 1 OV E RV I E W OF ME T HODOL OGY 63 se c tor s c ove r i ng a l l e c onomi c a c ti vi ti e s.T he I nput/O utput ta b l e pr ovi d e s F T E mul ti pl i e r s tha t a l l ows to c a l c

115、 ul a te i nd i r e c t j ob s b a se d on d i r e c t j ob s.An ove r vi e w of the me thod ol og y i s pr e se nte d i n T a b l e 1.Al l r e sul ts a r e a nnua l,whi c h i mpl i e s tha t the y show the F T E s tha t a r e r e qui r e d to f ul f i l l the d e ma nd f or the c or r e spond i ng

116、ye a r.An ove r vi e w of the va l ue c ha i n a c ti vi ti e s i nc l ud e d i n the stud y i s pr e se nte d i n T a b l e 2.Whi l e F T E s i n De pl oyme nt,Ope r a ti ons&Ma i nte na nc e,a nd De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng a r e i nf e r r e d b a se d on E U i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty

117、 sc e na r i os,sol a r j ob s a ssoc i a te d wi th Ma nuf a c tur i ng d e r i ve f r om E U pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ti e s f or d i f f e r e nt va l ue c ha i n pr od uc ts,i nc l ud i ng pol ysi l i c on,i ng ots/wa f e r s,c e l l s,mod ul e s a nd i nve r te r s.A se pa r a te a sse ssme nt

118、 of j ob c r e a ti on a ssoc i a te d wi th the ma nuf a c tur i ng of e a c h of the se pr od uc ts ha s b e e n c a r r i e d out.F or De pl oyme nt,the stud y e va l ua te d b oth i nsta l l a ti on l a b our a nd sof t l a b our (e ng i ne e r i ng,pr oc ur e me nt,c ustome r a c qui si ti on a

119、 nd pe r mi tti ng).Di r e c t Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s i nc l ud e the r e pl a c e me nt of c ompone nts a nd i nve r te r s,a s we l l a s c l e a ni ng a nd r e pa r a ti ons,whe r e a s j ob s i n De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng r e l a te to the r e mova l,c ol l e c ti on,a

120、nd tr e a tme nt of e nd-of-l i f e mod ul e s.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202211TABLE 2 S COP E OF S OL AR P V CHAI N F OR CAL CUL AT I ON OF DI RE CT F T E S CAT E GOR Y CAT E G OR Y S E CT I ONCAT E GOR Y BR E AK D OWNMan u fact u rin gP ol ysi l i c on P ol ysi l i c on Ma nuf a c tur i ng I n

121、g ot/wa f e r I ng ot/wa f e r Ma nuf a c tur i ng Ce l l s Ce l l Ma nuf a c tur i ng Mod ul e s Mod ul e s Asse mb l y I nve r te r I nve r te r Ma nuf a c tur i ng Dep l o ymen tI nsta l l a ti on L a b ourMe c ha ni c a l E l e c tr i c a l S of t L a b ourP r oc ur e me nt E ng i ne e r i ng Cu

122、stome r Ac qui si ti on P e r mi tti ng Op erat io n&Main t en an ce Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e L a b our Compone nts r e pl a c e me nt I nve r te r r e pl a c e me nt Cl e a ni ng R e pa r a ti ons Deco mmis s io n in g&Recycl in g De c ommi ssi oni ng R e mova l of Mod ul e s R e c yc l i ngC

123、ol l e c ti on of wa ste T r e a tme nt of wa ste 1 I n t ro d uc t io n a n d me t h o d o lo g y/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 2022121.2.Ma n uf a c t urin g sc e n a rio s E U ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s thr oug h 2026 a r e b a se d on thr e e d i f f e r e nt sc e na r i o

124、s:A Lo w Scen ario,i n whi c h E U pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty r e ma i ns l i mi te d a nd ove r a l l a l i g ne d to c ur r e nt l e ve l s;A Mediu m Scen ario,i n whi c h the E ur ope a n S ol a r I ni ti a ti ve (E S I)ta r g e ts e nd or se d b y the E U S ol a r P V I nd ustr y Al l i a nc e

125、 a r e onl y pa r tl y a c hi e ve d;A High Scen ario,i n whi c h E S I ta r g e ts a r e a c hi e ve d.T he sc e na r i os a r e pr e se nte d i n mor e d e ta i l i n T a b l e 3.TABLE 3 E U MANUF ACT URI NG S CE NARI OS DE S CRI P T I ON S E GME NT L OW S CE N AR I OMOD E R AT E S CE NAR I OHI GH

126、 S CE NAR I O(E S I)Po l ys il ico n P ol ysi l i c on ma nuf a c tur i ng r e ta i ns 20%of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome sti c ma r ke t a nd e xpor ts.P ol ysi l i c on ma nuf a c tur i ng r e ta i ns 20%of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome sti c ma r ke t

127、a nd e xpor ts.P ol ysi l i c on ma nuf a c tur i ng r e ta i ns 20%of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome sti c ma r ke t a nd e xpor ts.In go t s&Wafers I ng ot a nd wa f e r pr od uc ti on d oe s not e xpa nd b e yond e xi sti ng c a pa c i ty.Dome sti c i ng ots a nd wa f e r s p

128、r od uc ti on i nc r e a se s to se r ve the d ome sti c c e l l pr od uc ti on,b ut d oe s not r e a c h E S I ta r g e ts.Dome sti c i ng ots a nd wa f e r s pr od uc ti on i s e sta b l i she d a t 20 GW l e ve l b y 2025 to se r ve the d ome sti c c e l l i nd ustr y a nd c onti nue s e xpa nsi

129、on i n 2026.Cel l s I nc umb e nt pl a ye r s pl a ns to ope n ne w c e l l f a c tor i e s a r e r e a l i se d wi th some d e l a y,b ut no othe r s d e ve l op.I nc umb e nt pl a ye r s pl a ns to ope n ne w c e l l f a c tor i e s a r e r e a l i se d wi thout d e l a y,b ut no othe r s d e ve l

130、 op.T he E U i nd ustr y ma na g e s to r e d e ve l op a 20 GW c e l l pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty b y 2025 a nd c onti nue s e xpa nsi on i n 2026.Mo du l es I n a d d i ti on to e xi sti ng mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng d oi ng me r e a sse mb l y,a d d i ti ona l mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng c o

131、me s onl i ne tog e the r wi th the a b ove me nti one d c e l l pr oj e c ts.I n a d d i ti on to e xi sti ng mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng d oi ng me r e a sse mb l y,a d d i ti ona l mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng c ome s onl i ne tog e the r wi th the a b ove me nti one d c e l l pr oj e c ts a nd

132、ne w f a c tor i e s f or mod ul e a sse mb l y ope n.I n a d d i ti on to e xi sti ng mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng d oi ng me r e a sse mb l y,a d d i ti ona l mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng c ome s onl i ne tog e the r wi th the a b ove me nti one d c e l l pr oj e c ts.Mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng

133、e xc e e d s 20 G W b y 2025 a nd c onti nue s e xpa nsi on i n 2026.In v ert ers I nve r te r ma nuf a c tur i ng i n E ur ope g r ows b ut d e c r e a se s i ts c ur r e nt sha r e of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome sti c ma r ke t a nd e xpor ts.I nve r te r ma nuf a c tur i n

134、g i n E ur ope g r ows a nd r e ta i ns i ts c ur r e nt sha r e of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome sti c ma r ke t a nd e xpor ts.I nve r te r ma nuf a c tur i ng i n E ur ope g r ows a nd e xpa nd s i ts c ur r e nt sha r e of the g l ob a l ma r ke t,se r vi ng b oth the d ome

135、 sti c ma r ke t a nd e xpor ts.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202213Bo x 3.Co mp a riso n wit h o t h e r j o b st ud ie s T o e va l ua te the r e sul ts of thi s stud y a nd l ook a t the m i n a b r oa d e r c onte xt,we ha ve c ompa r e d the m wi th a se l e c ti on of r e c e nt stud i e s pub

136、 l i she d i n 2021 a nd 2022 tha t i nve sti g a te d sol a r or r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y j ob c r e a ti on.An ove r vi e w of the b e nc hma r k wi th othe r stud i e s i s pr ovi d e d b e l ow.T he pr e vi ous j ob stud i e s we c onsi d e r e d i n thi s a sse ssme nt ha ve d i f f e r e nt

137、te mpor a l,g e og r a phi c a nd se c tor a l sc ope s,use d i f f e r e nt me thod ol og i e s to c a l c ul a te j ob c r e a ti on,a nd a t ti me s a l so ha ve d i f f e r e nt j ob type s wi thi n the i r sc ope.F or thi s r e a son,r e sul ts a r e d i f f i c ul t to c ompa r e.F or e xa mpl

138、 e,the N a ti ona l S ol a r J ob s Ce nsus on P V j ob s i n the U S i s b a se d on que sti onna i r e s to sol a r i nd ustr y pl a ye r s thr oug hout the va l ue c ha i n a nd use s sta ti sti c a l a na l ysi s to g e ne r a te i nf or ma ti on on the j ob s;mor e ove r,the type of j ob s c on

139、si d e r e d d i f f e r s f r om a l l othe r stud i e s c onsi d e r e d.Di f f e r e nt me thod ol og i c a l a ppr oa c he s f or the c a l c ul a ti on of i nd i r e c t e mpl oyme nt c a n a l so r e sul t i n a l a r g e va r i a ti on i n f i na l numb e r s.T he sc ope of i nd i r e c t j o

140、b s i n E ur O b se r vE R stud y,whi c h use d to b e the b a si s f or the I R E N A J ob R e por t,onl y i nc l ud e s se c ond a r y a c ti vi ti e s suc h a s tr a nspor t.O ur a ppr oa c h i nc l ud e s a b r oa d e r sc ope f or i nd i r e c t e mpl oyme nt,whi c h l e a d s to a hi g he r a

141、mount of j ob c r e a ti on.T he f ul l d i r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t sc ope of E ur O b se r vE R i s a ppr oxi ma te l y e qui va l e nt to our d i r e c t sc ope onl y,a s c onf i r me d b y the r e sul ts of the two stud i e s:T he tota l 166,000 F T E s i n 2020 f r om E ur O b se r vE R i s

142、c l ose to our 162,000 d i r e c t-onl y j ob s i n the sa me ye a r.T he ye a r ta ke n i nto c onsi d e r a ti on a l so pl a ys a n i mpor ta nt f a c tor on tota l j ob s,c onsi d e r i ng tha t the E U sol a r ma r ke t i n 2021 wa s 40%l a r g e r tha n i n 2020.4I n thi s r e por t,a “sol a r

143、 wor ke r”i s a ny pe r son who spe nd s mor e tha n 50%of the i r wor ki ng hour s on sol a r-r e l a te d wor k.S T U D YR E F E R E N CE Y E AR ME T HOD OL OGYS COP ET Y P E OF J OBSR E S U L T SSo l arPo wer Eu ro p e 2021 2021 H yb r i d S ol a r P V,E U-27 Di r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t 466,00

144、0 F T E s IRENA 2021 2020 E mpl oyme nt f a c tor s S ol a r P V,E U-27 Di r e c t a nd I nd i r e c t 19 4,000 F T E s Eu rObs erv ER 2020 F ol l ow-the-mone y S ol a r P V,E U-27 Di r e c t a nd I nd i r e c t 166,000 F T E s IEA 2022 2019 E mpl oyme nt F a c tor s S ol a r P V,E ur ope Di r e c t

145、,a nd i nd i r e c t f or ma nuf a c tur i ng of d i r e c t i nput onl y 260,000 F T E s Breyer et al.2020 E mpl oyme nt F a c tor s S ol a r P V,E ur ope Di r e c t 356,000 F T E s IREC 2021 S ur ve y-b a se d S ol a r P V,U ni te d S ta te s S ol a r wor ke r s4 255,000 F T E s TABLE 4 OT HE R J

146、OB S T UDI E S E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 2022141 I n t ro d uc t io n a n d me t h o d o lo g y/c onti nue d Oxf or d P V1.3.Ch a n g e s f ro m E U S o la r J o b s R e p o rt 2021 Compa r e d to the pr e vi ous e d i ti on of thi s stud y,thi s ye a r s a na l ysi s ha s i mpr ove d the l e ve

147、 l of d e ta i l i n E U sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s.We ha ve r e vi e we d a nd upd a te d ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s f or a l l va l ue c ha i n se g me nts,b a se d on pub l i c c ompa ny a nnounc e me nts a nd tha nks to the i nsi g hts f r om our me mb e r s.T he g

148、r a nul a r i ty i n the g e og r a phi c a l l oc a ti on of pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ti e s a c r oss me mb e r sta te s ha s b e e n i mpr ove d to b e tte r r e f l e c t the i mpa c ts i n e mpl oyme nt i n spe c i f i c me mb e r sta te s,whe ne ve r tha t i nf or ma ti on i s a va i l a b l

149、e.F or thi s r e a son,some r e sul ts i n the ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s ha ve sl i g htl y c ha ng e d c ompa r e d to l a st ye a r s r e por t.T he se a r e ma r g i na l c ha ng e s c ompa r e d to the ove r a l l j ob c r e a ti on.A sna pshot of the ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ty a c r oss

150、 the E U i s a va i l a b l e a t pa g e 18.I n l i g ht of our e xc ha ng e s wi th S ol a r P owe r E ur ope me mb e r s a nd othe r i nd ustr y e xpe r ts,we ha ve a l so r e vi e we d othe r r e l e va nt pa r a me te r s,suc h a s e mpl oyme nt f a c tor s i n sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng a nd d

151、 e c ommi ssi oni ng,a nd F T E mul ti pl i e r s.T he se c ha ng e s r e sul t i n sl i g ht i nc r e a se s or d e c r e a se s of the va l ue s c ompa r e d to l a st ye a r.Whe ne ve r possi b l e,l a b our c osts a nd CAP E X va l ue s ha ve a l so b e e n upd a te d wi th the l a te st pub l i

152、 c a ti ons a va i l a b l e.F ur the r i nf or ma ti on on the me thod ol og y e mpl oye d i n the stud y i s a va i l a b l e i n the Anne x.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202215E U so la r j o b s22.1.U p d a t e 2021 I n 2021,the sol a r se c tor ha s e mpl oye d 466,000 F T E s i n the E U.205,0

153、00 of the se F T E s,44%of the tota l,a r e d i r e c t j ob s,whi l e the r e ma i ni ng 56%(261,000 F T E s)a r e i nd i r e c t j ob s(F i g ur e 2).T he l a r g e st sha r e of j ob s pr ovi d e d b y the sol a r i nd ustr y a r e a ssoc i a te d to the d e pl oyme nt pha se.Di r e c t a nd i nd

154、 i r e c t j ob s l i nke d to sol a r d e pl oyme nt a mount to 367,000 F T E s a nd ma ke up 79%of tota l j ob s(se e F i g ur e 3).S ol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng a nd Ope r a ti ons&Ma i nte na nc e c ontr i b ute wi th a 9%sha r e e a c h,whi l e I b e r d r ol a.FIGURE 2 E U-27 S OL AR J OB MAR K

155、 E T I N 20210100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000FTEsManufacturingDeploymentOperations&MaintenanceDecommissioning&RecyclingTotal44,178367,30740,10114,009465,595IndirectDirect S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng j ob s sti l l r e ma i n a mi nor sour c e of j ob s,wi

156、th a 3%sha r e.T he pr e d omi na nc e of De pl oyme nt j ob s ove r the Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e se g me nt ste ms f r om the f a c t tha t sol a r P V ha s a r a the r hi g h CAP E X i nte nsi ty a nd a l ow OP E X i nte nsi ty.Whi l e i t i s ve r y j ob i nte nsi ve to put sol a r on r oof

157、 tops a nd f i e l d s,onc e i nsta l l e d,l i ttl e physi c a l ma i nte na nc e i s ne e d e d.N ot d i f f e r e ntl y f r om 2020,De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng F T E s c ove r the sma l l e st por ti on of the tota l F T E s a s the sol a r P V wa ste str e a ms a r e sti l l l ow i n vo

158、l ume a nd so the y wi l l r e ma i n f or qui te some ti me.S ol a r P V wa ste str e a ms a r e e xpe c te d to b e c ome si g ni f i c a nt onl y f r om 2030 onwa r d s,whe n the f i r st l a r g e r wa ve of i nsta l l e d syste ms i n E ur ope wi l l r e a c h the e nd of the i r l i f e ti me.

159、T he F T E f i g ur e s r e pr e se nt j ob c r e a ti on on a n a nnua l b a si s,whi c h d e pe nd s on a se r i e s of b oth shor t-a nd l ong-te r m f a c tor s.De pl oyme nt j ob s a r e c onne c te d to how muc h sol a r c a pa c i ty ha s b e e n i nsta l l e d ove r a ye a r,a nd the r e f o

160、r e d e pe nd on the a nnua l ma r ke t si ze.T ha nks to the susta i ne d g r owth of the E U ma r ke t i n r e c e nt ye a r s,De pl oyme nt j ob s ha ve r i se n c onsi d e r a b l y c ompa r e d to pr e-2019 l e ve l s,whe n the a nnua l ma r ke t ha d b e e n c onsi ste ntl y b e l ow the 10-G

161、W ma r k f or se ve r a l ye a r s.Wi th the E U ma r ke t r i si ng f r om 8.1 G W i n 2018 to 27.9 G W i n 2021,wi th a 51%CAG R ove r the l a st thr e e ye a r s,j ob s i n sol a r d e pl oyme nt ha ve g r own a c c or d i ng l y.Conve r se l y,Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s r a the r d e

162、pe nd on tota l sol a r i nsta l l a ti ons a nd a r e the r e f or e l e ss susc e pti b l e to a nnua l ma r ke t f l uc tua ti ons.Whi l e the g r owth of tota l sol a r c a pa c i ty i n the E U ha s a l so pr og r e sse d,the pa c e of e xpa nsi on i s l owe r.Ove r the sa me thr e e-ye a r pe

163、r i od,the E U sol a r f l e e t ha s g r own f r om 102.7 G W to 167.3 G W,wi th a 18%CAG R.Ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s i n the E U sol a r se c tor a r e c l ose l y l i nke d to the ope r a ti ng pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ti e s a c r oss me mb e r sta te s.T he E U P V i nd ustr y ha s si g ni f

164、i c a nt ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s i n c e r ta i n ste ps of the va l ue c ha i n,pr i ma r i l y f or pol ysi l i c on,i nve r te r s,a nd,to a mi nor e xte nt,mod ul e s.At the sa me ti me,a t pr e se nt the r e i s a se ve r e l a c k of pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty f or i ng ots/wa

165、f e r s a nd c e l l s wi thi n the E U,whi c h the i nd ustr y i s tr yi ng to a d d r e ss.2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202216FIGURE 3 E U-27 T OT AL S OL AR J OBS BR E AK DOWN I N 2021Decommissioning&Recycling:3%Operations&Maintenance:9%Manufacturing:9%Deploymen

166、t:79%2021 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202217I nve r te r ma nuf a c tur i ng pr ovi d e s the l a r g e ma j or i ty of E U sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s a b out 31,000 d i r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t j ob s,whi c h i s 70%of the tota l F T E s i n ma nuf a c tu

167、r i ng (F i g ur e 4).T hi s i s no sur pr i se,si nc e i nve r te r c ompa ni e s a r e wi d e l y pr e se nt a c r oss E ur ope,i nc l ud i ng se ve r a l g l ob a l ma r ke t pl a ye r s.Mod ul e pr od uc ti on a nd pol ysi l i c on pr od uc ti on a l so pr ovi d e si g ni f i c a nt sha r e s(17

168、%a nd 10%r e spe c ti ve l y,e qui va l e nt to 7,700 a nd 4,500 j ob s).As a r e sul t of l ow pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty f or i ng ots/wa f e r s a nd c e l l s wi thi n the E U tod a y,l e ss tha n 1,000 j ob s a r e c r e a te d b y the se a c ti vi ti e s tog e the r,wi th a 2%sha r e c omb i

169、 ne d.J ob i nte nsi ty i s hi g he r f or c e l l a nd mod ul e pr od uc ti on,l owe r f or i nve r te r s a nd i ng ot/wa f e r pr od uc ti on,a nd muc h l owe r f or pol ysi l i c on pr od uc ti on.T hi s e xpl a i ns why pol ysi l i c on pr od uc ti on,d e spi te c ur r e ntl y ha vi ng a hi g h

170、e r e qui va l e nt pr od uc ti on output tha n i nve r te r s a nd mod ul e s,g e ne r a te s f e we r d i r e c t j ob s.FIGURE 4 E U-27 S OL AR MANUF ACT UR I NG J OBS AND P R ODUCT I ON CAP ACI T Y I N 2021 00FTEsGWPolysiliconIngots/wafersCellsModulesInverters4,530549147,72430,956IndirectDirectP

171、roduction capacity5,0001010,0002015,0003020,0004025,0005030,0006035,0007020.7 GW0.2 GW0.8 GW8.1 GW64.9 GW S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 20222 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue d18Bo x 4.S t a t us o f so la r ma n uf a c t urin g c a p a c it y in t h e E U-27 a n d N o rwa y E ur ope ha s a vi b r a nt a

172、 nd g r owi ng sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng sc e ne,whi c h r e pr e se nts the se c ond l a r g e st e mpl oyme nt b a se of the sol a r P V va l ue c ha i n a t the E ur ope a n sc a l e.S ol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng a c ti vi ti e s pr ovi d e j ob s f or 44,000 E ur ope a ns.P r ospe c ts f or the

173、 se c tor s a r e posi ti ve wi th c ompa ni e s l ooki ng a t oppor tuni ti e s to i nve st a nd pl a y the i r pa r t i n the qui c kl y g r owi ng sol a r i nd ustr y.T he ma p b e l ow i l l ustr a te s the sta te of pl a y of sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng i n the E U-27 a nd N or wa y i n 2021.5

174、T he numb e r of j ob s pe r va l ue c ha i n ste p r e f l e c ts how muc h tha t pr od uc ti on pha se i s d e ve l ope d i n E ur ope.Wi th a pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty ove r 60 G W,the in v ert er i nd ustr y e mpl oys 70%of a l l ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s.T he ma i n E U i nve r te r pr od u

175、c e r s ope r a te a t mul ti-G W sc a l e FonrocheSMAPower ElectronicsKacoRefuBruk-Bet ML systemSoluxtecSolarDayFimerSolbianEnergeticaKiotoFroniusStecaKostalFill factoryHeliatekSolarwattNorSunSolitekSolet PVMetsolarDansk Solergi ApSAleo SolarHeckertPeimarMeyer BurgerRacellSalo Tech OyValeoValeoAter

176、saOpen RenewableIngeteamExasunNorwegian CrystalSunergSolaicoEclipseAsca2CAApollon SolarReden SolarVoltecIssolRecom SilliaSystoviAkuo EnergySolvisBisolIntelligent SolarXdiscsSonnenstromfabrikEDF PhotowattSTile3 SunHanplastEcosoliferWacker01020304050EXE S.r.LAxsun=100 MW=1 GW 10 GW/kt007080

177、Number of companiesModule 8.1Module 49Cell0.8Cell 4Inverter 64.9Inverter 9Ingot&Wafer1.7Ingot&Wafer 3Polysilicon 20.7Polysilicon 1Production capacity(GW)Production per company5P r od uc ti on c a pa c i ty f r om N or wa y onl y c onsi d e r s i ng ot&wa f e r ma nuf a c tur i ng.E U S ol a r J ob s

178、 R e por t 202219f a c tor y l e ve l,a mong the m S MA f r om G e r ma ny a nd F r oni us f r om Austr i a.E ur ope s l a r g e st i nve r te r pr od uc e r S MA r e c e ntl y unve i l e d pl a ns f or a ne w f a c tor y a t i ts he a d qua r te r s i n N i e ste ta l tha t wi l l b r i ng the c om

179、pa nys pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty to 40 G W b y 2024,up f r om 21 G W tod a y.Whe n l ooki ng i nto the E ur ope a n U ni ons sol a r mod ul e va l ue c ha i n,the l a r g e st ma nuf a c tur e r i s a c ti ve upstr e a m,i n the p o l ys il ico n se g me nt.Wa c ke r Che mi e i s the E U s onl y

180、c ompa ny to ope r a te pol ysi l i c on pr od uc ti on f a c i l i ti e s,wi th a c a pa c i ty of a r ound 60 me tr i c tons i n G e r ma ny tha t tr a nsl a te s i nto ove r 20 G W of c e l l/mod ul e pr od uc ts.S i nc e pol ysi l i c on pr od uc ti on pr oc e ss i s l e ss huma n c a pi ta l-i

181、nte nsi ve tha n the othe r ste ps of the va l ue c ha i n,thi s tr a nsl a te s i n a r e l a ti ve l y l i mi te d numb e r of j ob s c ompa r e d to the pr od uc ti on c a pa c i tys si ze.Sil ico n in go t&wafer ma nuf a c tur i ng,the ne xt ste p i n the sol a r va l ue c ha i n a f te r pol ys

182、i l i c on pr od uc ti on,i s b a r e l y e xi sti ng i n the E ur ope a n U ni on,whi c h i s r e f l e c te d i n the ve r y sma l l numb e r of wor ke r s i n the se c tor.Most of E ur ope s 1.7 G W wa f e r c a pa c i ty i s l oc a te d outsi d e of the E U,mor e pr e c i se l y i n N or wa y,wh

183、e r e l ow-c ost hyd r o e na b l e s pr od uc ti on a t c ompe ti ti ve c ost a nd l ow c a r b on f ootpr i nt.Onl y one sma l l i nte g r a te d mod ul e pr od uc e r i n F r a nc e ha s f e w i ng ot/wa f e r c a pa c i ti e s.H owe ve r,the E U i s home to a pr omi si ng ne xt-g e ne r a ti on

184、wa f e r i ng sta r t-up,N e xWa f e,whi c h r a i se d 39 mi l l i on E U R i n O c tob e r 2021 to e xpa nd i ts a c ti vi ti e s.A f i r st pi l ot f a c i l i ty i s ta r g e te d to c ome onl i ne thi s ye a r,wi th pl a ns to r e a c h 500 MW i n 2024,e xpa nd a b l e to 3 G W.T he E U s s o l

185、 ar cel l pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty sta nd s a t onl y a r ound 0.8 G W,b ut se ve r a l c ompa ni e s a r e pl a nni ng to e xpa nd or e nte r tha t se g me nt.Among the f e w a c ti ve c e l l ma nuf a c tur e r s i n the E U tod a y i s Me ye r Bur g e r,whi c h ha s ope ne d a 400 MW f a c to

186、r y f or hi g h-e f f i c i e nc y he te r oj unc ti on sol a r c e l l s i n 2021 i n G e r ma ny,f ol l owi ng on E ne l G r e e n P owe r s 200 MW l i ne i n I ta l y,whi c h wa s ope ne d i n 2020.Both c ompa ni e s ha ve a l r e a d y a nnounc e d e xpa nsi on pl a ns,Me ye r Bur g e r to 1.4 G

187、 W i n E ur ope i n 2023 a nd 7 G W b y 2027,a nd E ne l G r e e n P owe r to 3 G W b y J ul y 2024.E ne l ha s nota b l y won a g r a nt f r om the E U I nnova ti on F und to pr oc e e d to the sc a l e up of i ts f a c tor y i n Ca ta l oni a.T he se ma nuf a c tur e r s a r e pr od uc i ng f or i

188、 nte r na l use onl y a s the y a l so a sse mb l e sol a r mod ul e s.As pur e s o l ar mo du l e ma nuf a c tur i ng r e qui r e s the l owe st i nve stme nt c ost a mong the d i f f e r e nt sta g e s of the sol a r mod ul e c ha i n,thi s P V ma nuf a c tur i ng se g me nt ha s b e e n se e i ng

189、 the l a r g e st a c ti vi ty,thoug h mostl y f r om sma l l a nd l oc a l c ompa ni e s,e a c h wi th c a pa c i ti e s i n the sub-G W r a ng e.I n 2021,a t l e a st 49 mod ul e ma nuf a c tur e r s ope r a te d f a c tor i e s i n the E ur ope a n U ni on.T houg h the mod ul e ma r ke t i s c ur

190、 r e ntl y r e pr e se nte d b y ma ny sma l l e r a c tor s,wi nd of c ha ng e ha s b e g un to b l ow a s,i n a d d i ti on to Me ye r Bur g e r a nd E ne l G r e e n P owe r,se ve r a l a nnounc e me nts f or G W f a c tor i e s,of te n ve r ti c a l l y i nte g r a te d a nd f or hi g h-e f f i

191、c i e nc y c e l l te c hnol og i e s,ha ve b e e n ma d e i n the pa st ye a r.T he most a d va nc e d c e l l/mod ul e pr oj e c t se e ms R E C S ol a r,whi c h wa s a l so a wa r d e d a g r a nt f r om the E U I nnova ti on F und i n J ul y 2022 to b ui l d a 2 G W he te r oj unc ti on f a b i

192、n F r a nc e.E ne l G r e e n P owe r a nd R E C a r e the two f i r st P V pr oj e c ts a wa r d e d g r a nts f r om the f und s l a r g e sc a l e pr oj e c t se g me nt.F r a nc e i s home to othe r P V ma nuf a c tur i ng pr oj e c t pl a ns:F r e nc h sta r t-up Ca r b on ha s pl a ns to ope n

193、 a 500 MW pi l ot l i ne i n 2024 wi th the a mb i ti on to i nte g r a te the i ng ots,wa f e r s,c e l l s a nd mod ul e se g me nts wi th 5 G W of pr od uc ti on i n 2025 a nd 15-20 G W i n 2030.T he c ompa ny a i ms to c r e a te 2,000 d i r e c t a nd 4,000 i nd i r e c t j ob s.Mor e ove r,V o

194、l te c S ol a r a nd S ystovi ha ve a nnounc e d a j oi nt pr oj e c t na me d Bl nos to pr od uc e up to 1 G W of sol a r mod ul e s,whi c h i s c ur r e ntl y wa i ti ng f or pub l i c f i na nc i a l suppor t.T o suppor t the ma ny i nd ustr i a l c onsor ti a tha t ha ve put f or wa r d ne w i n

195、d ustr i a l pr oj e c ts a nd a r e l ooki ng f or f i na nc i ng to e sta b l i sh or e xpa nd pr od uc ti on i n E ur ope,S ol a r P owe r E ur ope,i n pa r tne r shi p wi th E I T I nnoE ne r g y a nd wi th the suppor t of the pa r tne r s of the S ol a r Ma nuf a c tur i ng Ac c e l e r a tor,h

196、a s l a unc he d the Eu ro p ean So l ar In it iat iv e(E S I;www.e ur ope a nsol a r i ni ti a ti ve.e u).T he i ni ti a ti ve c omb i ne s a n i nd ustr i a l pl a tf or m tha t g a the r s a nd str uc tur e s the i nd ustr y,a nd a n i nve stme nt pl a tf or m tha t a i ms to d e-r i sk a nd a c

197、c e l e r a te ne w ma nuf a c tur i ng pr oj e c ts.T he a i m i s to e sta b l i sh a t l e a st 20 G W P V si l i c on-to-mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ty i n E ur ope b y 2025,e na b l i ng l oc a l P V ma nuf a c tur e r s to c a ptur e a si g ni f i c a nt por ti on of the E U ma r k

198、e t,whi c h i s e xpe c te d to d e pl oy a r ound 50 G W b y tha t ye a r.Ma j or pr og r e ss r e g a r d i ng sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng ha s b e e n r e a c he d a t the pol i c y l e ve l.T he 20 G W ma nuf a c tur i ng ta r g e t ha s b e e n e nd or se d b y E ur ope a n Commi ssi on i n i t

199、s f i r st S ol a r S tr a te g y a s pa r t of the R E P owe r E U pa c ka g e pub l i she d i n Ma y 2022.As a ne xt ste p a S ol a r P V I nd ustr i a l Al l i a nc e i s b e i ng c r e a te d.T he ove r a l l E S I a mb i ti on i s to i mpr ove E ur ope a n e ne r g y se c ur i ty b y i nve sti

200、ng i n j ob s f or a te c hnol og y tha t a l r e a d y a d d s mor e powe r g e ne r a ti on c a pa c i ti e s tha n a ny othe r a nd wi l l shoul d e r the ma j or r e sponsi b i l i ty of ke e pi ng E ur ope a n l i g hts on i n the l ong te r m.This PV manufacturing Map is an ongoing project.If

201、y ou believe that y our company should be featured,please contact us at infosolarpowereurope.org.I n 2021,a b out 113,000 sol a r j ob s we r e c r e a te d i n P ol a nd,e sta b l i shi ng the c ountr y a s the l a r g e st pr ovi d e r of sol a r j ob s a c r oss the E U wi th a 24%sha r e (F i g

202、ur e 5).P ol a nd s r ol e shoul d not a ppe a r sur pr i si ng a ny l ong e r,a l thoug h the c ountr y i s onl y the thi r d l a r g e st E U ma r ke t,a nd i s not a l a r g e P V ma nuf a c tur e r.F i r st a nd f or e most,the ma j or i ty of the 3.8 G W i nsta l l e d i n P ol a nd i n 2021 a

203、r e r e si d e nti a l P V syste ms,whi c h a r e sma l l r oof top syste ms whose i nsta l l a ti on c r e a te s mor e j ob s tha n l a r g e r P V syste ms i n the C&I or uti l i ty-sc a l e se g me nt.I n a d d i ti on to tha t,the g r oss l a b our c osts i n the c ountr y a r e muc h l owe r t

204、ha n i n a ny othe r E U G W-sc a l e ma r ke t,whi c h a r e l oc a te d i n We ste r n a nd Ce ntr a l E ur ope a nd ha ve hi g he r l a b our c osts.Mor e ove r,E a ste r n E ur ope a n c ountr i e s g e ne r a te mor e i nd i r e c t j ob s f r om d e pl oyme nt a c ti vi ti e s tha n the r e st

205、 of the E U.T he se f a c tor s l e a d to a si g ni f i c a ntl y hi g he r j ob c r e a ti on.T hi s tr e nd i s vi si b l e a s we l l i n G r e e c e,whi c h,d e spi te ha vi ng the l owe st a nnua l c a pa c i ty a mong the top 7 F T E pr ovi d e r s,i s r a nke d f i f th wi th 34,000 j ob s c

206、 r e a te d.T houg h g r oss l a b our c osts a r e hi g he r i n the l a r g e st P V ma r ke ts i n E ur ope G e r ma ny,S pa i n,the N e the r l a nd s a nd F r a nc e the y a l l f e a tur e i n the top 7,wi th 8 7,000,66,000,36,000 a nd 33,000 F T E s r e spe c ti ve l y.Ac r oss the me mb e r

207、sta te s tha t c ontr i b ute the most to E U sol a r j ob c r e a ti on,the ma j or i ty of j ob s ste m f r om the r oof top se g me nt(F i g ur e 6).I f P ol a nd s f a vour a b l e suppor t f r a me wor k f or r e si d e nti a l syste ms l e d to ove r 9 0%r oof top j ob s,othe r G W-sc a l e P

208、V ma r ke ts l i ke G e r ma ny a nd the N e the r l a nd s a r e a l so d omi na te d b y thi s se g me nt,b oth ha vi ng a 77%sha r e of r oof top j ob s.S pa i n,a nd to a sma l l e r e xte nt F r a nc e,a r e the e xc e pti ons to thi s tr e nd,d ue to the i r f oc us on uti l i ty-sc a l e sol

209、a r.H owe ve r,e ve n i n a ma r ke t l e d b y uti l i ty-sc a l e sol a r l i ke S pa i n,the sha r e of r oof top j ob s ha s g r own f r om 28%i n 2020 to 44%i n 2021.2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202220FIGURE 5 E U-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R I E S AND ANNU AL I NS

210、 T AL L E D S OL AR P V CAP ACI T Y 2021 001234567FTEsGWPolandGermanySpainNetherlandsGreeceFranceItaly2021 FTEs2021 annual capacity20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000112,77586,88065,55736,44433,22233,66924,2603.86.04.83.62.70.90.9 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 20222

211、1T hr oug hout the E U-27,j ob c r e a ti on r e ma i ns c l e a r l y ske we d towa r d s r oof top P V,whi c h pr ovi d e d 76%of tota l F T E s i n 2021,a l thoug h the sha r e of r oof top i nsta l l a ti ons i n tha t ye a r wa s a l i ttl e l owe r a t 61%,showi ng the hi g he r j ob i nte nsi

212、 ty of the sol a r r oof top se g me nt.FIGURE 6 E U-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R I E S -R OOF T OP V S.U T I L I T Y-S CAL E J OBS BR E AK DOWN 2021 EU-27ItalyFranceGreeceNetherlandsSpainGermanyPoland%00708090100Utility-scaleRooftop S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022 Ba yWa r.e.2.2.P ro sp e c t

213、 s 2022-2026 Al thoug h l a st ye a r s r e c or d pe r f or ma nc e i n sol a r j ob s g r owth wi l l not b e r e pe a te d,the a mount of E U sol a r j ob s i s poi se d to i nc r e a se i n 2022.S i nc e sol a r j ob s a r e hi g hl y d e pe nd e nt on a nnua l P V i nsta l l a ti ons,the 20%g r

214、 owth of the E U sol a r ma r ke t we e xpe c t i n 2022 wi l l ha ve posi ti ve r e pe r c ussi ons on j ob c r e a ti on.Our f or e c a st shows sol a r j ob s on a ste a d y r i se i n 2022,wi th a n a nti c i pa te d 14%a nnua l g r owth to 530,000 F T E s und e r the Me d i um S c e na r i os 3

215、4 G W c a pa c i ty a d d i ti ons(F i g ur e 7).H owe ve r,i f our 40 G W H i g h S c e na r i o b e c ome s r e a l i ty,we wi l l se e a 42%ye a r-on-ye a r ma r ke t g r owth i n 2022 a nd j ob s i nc r e a si ng b y 30%to 606,000.Ac c or d i ng to our Me d i um S c e na r i o,f ur the r g r owt

216、h c oul d l e a d to 764,000 j ob s i n 2026 tha t i s a 64%g r owth c ompa r e d to 2021 l e ve l s.Wi th a n i nc r e a se d pol i c y a mb i ti on l e a d i ng to hi g he r sol a r d e pl oyme nt a nd i mpr ove d e ne r g y i nd e pe nd e nc e,a l so thr oug h l a r g e r ma nuf a c tur i ng c a

217、pa c i ti e s d e pl oye d a c r oss the E U,sol a r j ob s c oul d e xc e e d 1 mi l l i on F T E s i n 2026 a 126%g r owth c ompa r e d to 2021.I n c ontr a st,i n our unl i ke l y L ow S c e na r i o,whi c h a nti c i pa te s l i mi te d ma r ke t g r owth ma tc he d wi th susta i ne d d e pe nd

218、e nc e on g l ob a l sol a r suppl y c ha i ns,the i nc r e a se of sol a r j ob s woul d b e l i mi te d,wi th 540,000 F T E s a ye a r i n 2026 or a 16%g r owth f r om 2021.L ooki ng a t the ma nuf a c tur i ng se c tor,the numb e r of j ob s c r e a te d i n the ne xt f i ve ye a r s wi l l str o

219、ng l y d e pe nd on the suc c e ss r a te of the ne w E U S ol a r P V I nd ustr y Al l i a nc e a nd the a c hi e ve me nt of the E ur ope a n S ol a r I ni ti a ti ve ob j e c ti ve of c r e a ti ng a mi ni mum of 20 G W of sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng i n E ur ope b y 2025.2 E U so la r j o b s/c

220、onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202222FIGURE 7 E U-27 S OL AR P V F T E S CE NAR I OS 2022-2026 0200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario606,180428,317540,0671,053,56920232024202520262021202214%9%10%10%8%465,595 S OL AR P OWE R

221、 E U R OP E 2022E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202223Ac c or d i ng to our Me d i um S c e na r i o,whe r e b y E S I ta r g e ts f or 2025 a r e onl y pa r ti a l l y a c hi e ve d,E U ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s sta nd a t 47,000 F T E s i n 2022 a nd r e a c h 77,000 uni ts b y 2026,a 74%i nc r e a

222、 se c ompa r e d to 2021(F i g ur e 8).By c ontr a st,i n a l ow-a mb i ti on sc e na r i o wi th l i mi te d g r owth i n E U pr od uc ti on c a pa c i ty,ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s r e a c h onl y 64,000 F T E s b y 2026,a 46%g r owth c ompa r e d to 2021.H owe ve r,wi th the r i g ht pol i ti c a

223、 l suppor t to e sta b l i sh a str ong ma nuf a c tur i ng b a se i n the E U a nd d e c r e a se suppl y c ha i n d e pe nd e nc y f r om thi r d c ountr i e s,d ome sti c sol a r ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s woul d r e a c h a s muc h a s 106,000 uni ts i n 2026,whi c h me a ns a 141%i nc r e a se

224、f r om 2021.G r owth woul d ta ke pl a c e i n a l l va l ue c ha i n se g me nts,i nc l ud i ng those tha t ha r d l y c ontr i b ute to E U e mpl oyme nt a t pr e se nt:7,000 j ob s f r om wa f e r/i ng ot pr od uc ti on a nd 23,000 j ob s f r om c e l l pr od uc ti on a r e a nti c i pa te d i n

225、the H i g h S c e na r i o i n 2026.S tr ong E U ma nuf a c tur i ng d e pl oyme nt woul d a l so me a n r a i si ng mod ul e ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s f r om 8,000 to 20,000 F T E s i n 2026,a nd i nve r te r ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s f r om 31,000 to 46,000 b y the sa me ye a r.T he d i f f e r

226、e nc e i n ma nuf a c tur i ng j ob s a c r oss the thr e e sc e na r i os i s ve r y l ow i n the shor t te r m,b e c a use the i nd ustr y pl a ns f or ne w pr od uc ti on f a c i l i ti e s c omi ng onl i ne wi l l ta ke some ti me to r e a l i se a nd i t i s unl i ke l y tha t a d d i ti ona l

227、l a r g e ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s a r e b ui l t i n a shor t pe r i od of ti me whe n l ooki ng a t tod a ys l ow sta r ti ng l e ve l s i n va r i ous se g me nts a l ong the va l ue c ha i n,i n pa r ti c ul a r i ng ots a nd wa f e r s.T he spr e a d b e c ome s mor e vi si b l e t

228、owa r d s the l a st ye a r s of the ob se r ve d pe r i od.Due to the l e ng thy ti me s i n pl a nni ng,se c ur i ng f i na nc i ng a nd c onstr uc ti ng ma nuf a c tur i ng pl a nts,d e c i si ons ta ke n tod a y ha ve e f f e c ts onl y a f e w ye a r s l a te r.FIGURE 8 E U-27 S OL AR MANUF ACT

229、 UR I NG J OBS S CE NAR I OS 2022-2026 0FTEsHistoricalLowLowLowLowLowMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumHighHighHighHighHigh2022420252026PolysiliconModulesIngots/wafersInvertersCells20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000106,48264,43276,900 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022Ac ti vi ti e s i n pr

230、oc ur e me nt,c onstr uc ti on,i nsta l l a ti on a nd othe r pa r ts of d e pl oyme nt of P V syste ms a r e e xpe c te d to g e ne r a te 419,000 j ob s i n 2022,a 14%r a i se f r om 2021(se e F i g ur e 9).L ooki ng b e yond 2021,De pl oyme nt j ob s wi l l c onti nue g r owi ng,r e a c hi ng 574

231、,000 F T E s i n 2026 i n our Me d i um S c e na r i o.H i g hl y d e pe nd e nt on the f l uc tua ti ons of the a nnua l E U sol a r ma r ke t,De pl oyme nt j ob s c oul d b e a s l ow a s 377,000 or a s hi g h a s 8 18,000 b y 2026.Di f f e r e ntl y f r om De pl oyme nt j ob s,whi c h r e l y on

232、the a nnua l P V ma r ke t a nd a r e mor e susc e pti b l e to ye a r l y va r i a ti ons,Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s d e pe nd on the tota l ope r a ti ng sol a r f l e e t a nd a r e muc h e a si e r to pr e d i c t.I t i s e xpe c te d tha t the se j ob s und e r g o a ste a d y two-d

233、i g i t g r owth b e twe e n 2022 a nd 2026 wi thout a ny ma j or va r i a ti ons.T he 40,000 F T E s wor ki ng i n sol a r O&M i n 2021 a r e poi se d to g r ow b y 17%to 47,000 F T E s i n 2022 a nd to r e a c h 8 0,000 uni ts i n 2026(F i g ur e 10).2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue dE U S ol a r

234、J ob s R e por t 202224FIGURE 9 E U-27 S OL AR DE P L OY ME NT J OBS S CE NAR I OS 2022-2026 0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000900,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario20232024202520262021202214%8%10%10%5%367,307493,850319,444377,078818,289 S OL AR P O

235、WE R E U R OP E 2022E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202225E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 2021J ob s f r om the De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng se g me nt r e ma i n ma r g i na l c ompa r e d to tota l sol a r j ob s,b e c a use P V pr od uc ts r e a c hi ng the e nd of the i r l i f e ti me a r e

236、 sti l l a sma l l f r a c ti on of tod a ys i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ti e s e ve n i n a pl a c e l i ke E ur ope,whe r e se ve r a l c ountr i e s we r e a mong the sol a r pi one e r s.H owe ve r,i n a b out a d e c a d e s ti me thi s wi l l c ha ng e,whe n mor e a nd mor e P V syste ms wi l l

237、sta r t to e ve ntua l l y r e a c h the e nd of the i r ope r a ti ona l l i f e ti me a nd wi l l e nte r the wa ste str e a m.J ob s f r om thi s se g me nt a r e l i mi te d tod a y,b ut i nc r e a si ng a l so i n the shor t to mi d r un.I n 2026,sol a r j ob s f r om De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c

238、 yc l i ng a r e e xpe c te d to r e a c h 33,000 F T E s,up f r om 14,000 tod a y(F i g ur e 11).FIGURE 10 E U-27 S OL AR O&M J OBS S CE NAR I OS 2022-2026 020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario20232024202520262021202217%15%14%13%15%40,10148,3306

239、5,80695,03444,974 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022FIGURE 11 E U-27 S OL AR DE COMMI S S I ONI NG&R E CY CL I NG J OBS S CE NAR I OS 2022-2026 05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario20232024202520262021202220%19%21%19%16%14,00916,7961

240、6,79633,31333,763 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022Whi l e the a b sol ute numb e r of E U sol a r j ob s wi l l g r ow a c r oss a l l f our va l ue c ha i n se g me nts i n our f i ve-ye a r f or e c a st pe r i od,the i r r e l a ti ve sha r e wi l l sl i g htl y c ha ng e.F i g ur e 12 d i spl a y

241、s the e vol uti on of the sol a r j ob b r e a kd own a c c or d i ng to the Me d i um S c e na r i o.Al thoug h j ob s a ssoc i a te d wi th De pl oyme nt wi l l r e ma i n the most nume r ous b y f a r,the i r sha r e wi l l d e c r e a se a l i ttl e f r om 79%to 75%i n the ob se r ve d pe r i od

242、.T he thr e e othe r se g me nts wi l l a l l ma r g i na l l y i nc r e a se the i r sha r e s,Ma nuf a c tur i ng a nd O pe r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s b oth r i si ng f r om 9%to 10%,a nd De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng j ob s g r owi ng f r om 3%to 4%.2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue

243、dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202226FIGURE 12 E U-27 S OL AR J OBS BR E AK DOWN E V OL U T I ON 2021-2026 00708090100%Decommissioning&RecyclingOperations&MaintenanceDeploymentManufacturing20222023202420252026202179%79%77%76%76%75%9%9%10%11%10%10%9%9%9%10%10%10%3%3%3%4%4%4%S OL AR P OWE R

244、 E U R OP E 2022 ABO Wi nd.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202227Me mb e r sta te s c ontr i b uti ons to sol a r j ob c r e a ti on i n 2026 a r e e xpe c te d to c ha ng e c onsi d e r a b l y c ompa r e d to tod a y(se e F i g ur e 13).G e r ma ny,a t pr e se nt the l a r g e st E U sol a r ma r ke

245、 t b ut not the b i g g e st j ob pr ovi d e r,wi l l ta ke the l e a d on thi s f r ont a s we l l.Wi th 204,000 F T E s i n the Me d i um S c e na r i o,G e r ma ny i s poi se d to c ontr i b ute wi th twi c e the numb e r of j ob s of the c ur r e nt#1,P ol a nd,whi c h wi l l b e r a nke d se c

246、ond i n 2026.By tha t ye a r,G e r ma ny wi l l ha ve a c c ompa ni e d a l a r g e g r owth i n i ts sol a r ma r ke t to 23 G W pe r ye a r a nd a 133 G W c umul a ti ve c a pa c i ty wi th a n i nc r e a se i n i ts ma nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ty.De spi te the te r mi na ti on of i ts r e si d

247、 e nti a l suppor t sc he me,i n l i g ht of the e ne r g y c r i si s P ol a nd wi l l r e ma i n a si g ni f i c a nt sol a r ma r ke t a nd a ma j or c ontr i b utor to E U sol a r j ob s,wi th 103,000 F T E s i n the Me d i um S c e na r i o i n 2026.I n a d d i ti on to S pa i n,I ta l y,F r a

248、nc e,a nd G r e e c e,whi c h a r e a l r e a d y i n the top j ob c ontr i b utor s l i st,a sur pr i se to some wi l l b e the pr e se nc e of R oma ni a i n thi s top 7.We e xpe c t the R oma ni a n ma r ke t to ha ve r e a c he d the G W sc a l e f or a f e w ye a r s b y the n,wi th a r e l e v

249、a nt sha r e of r oof top P V syste ms a nd the a va i l a b i l i ty of l owe r l a b our c osts c ompa r e d to othe r E U ma r ke ts of si mi l a r si ze.I n our Me d i um S c e na r i o,the top 7 ma r ke ts wi l l pr ovi d e 58 2,000 F T E s or 76%of tota l E U sol a r j ob s i n 2026,wi th the

250、r e ma i ni ng 20 me mb e r sta te s c ontr i b uti ng wi th a 24%sha r e.FIGURE 13 E U-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R I E S S CE NAR I OS 2026 0FTEsGermanyPolandSpainItalyFranceGreeceRomaniaLow scenarioMedium scenarioHigh scenario50,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000171,29273,61753,75131,79140,24727,7

251、4721,836203,864102,57371,36657,80552,50650,75042,736241,460151,55599,87590,04274,29772,73569,067 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022As the b r e a kd own b e twe e n r oof top a nd uti l i ty-sc a l e c a pa c i ty wi l l b e d i f f e r e nt tha n tod a y,wi th the ma j or i ty sha r e he l d b y uti l

252、 i ty-sc a l e P V powe r pl a nts i nsta l l e d i n 2026,the b r e a kd own b e twe e n j ob s ste mmi ng f r om the r oof top se g me nt a nd j ob s f r om the uti l i ty-sc a l e se g me nt wi l l a l so c ha ng e (F i g ur e 14).An i nc r e a se of l a r g e-sc a l e i nsta l l a ti ons i s e x

253、pe c te d a c r oss E ur ope,a s pol i c yma ke r s f i nd i n sol a r pa r ks the c he a pe st a nd f a ste st sol uti on to the i r c ountr i e s e ne r g y ne e d s a nd a s pe r mi tti ng a nd a d mi ni str a ti ve b a r r i e r s a r e pr og r e ssi ve l y l i f te d.As a r e sul t,i nd i vi d

254、ua l c ountr y b r e a kd owns a r e l e ss ske we d tha n tod a y towa r d s r oof top j ob c r e a ti on.Ac r oss the E U,uti l i ty-sc a l e j ob c ontr i b uti on g r ows f r om 24%to 40%.2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202228FIGURE 14 E U-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R

255、I E S -R OOF T OP V S.U T I L I T Y-S CAL E J OBS BR E AK DOWN 2026 EU-27RomaniaItalyGreeceFranceSpainPolandGermany%00708090100Utility-scaleRooftop S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022Our e xpe c ta ti ons i n l a st ye a r E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t a b out the sta tus of sol a r e mpl oym

256、e nt i n 2021 we r e l a r g e l y i n l i ne wi th the a c tua l j ob c r e a ti on tha t took pl a c e l a st ye a r.Ba c k the n,our Me d i um S c e na r i o a nti c i pa te d 463,000 j ob s,whi c h g i ve s a d i f f e r e nc e of onl y 3,000 j ob s f r om the numb e r we r e g i ste r e d i n t

257、hi s ye a r s e d i ti on.O ur r e vi se d Me d i um S c e na r i o outl ook i s mor e posi ti ve tha n a ye a r a g o:we f or e c a st hi g he r j ob c r e a ti on f or a l l c ompa r a b l e ye a r s(2022-2025),wi th i nc r e a se s r a ng i ng b e twe e n 12%a nd 19%.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t

258、 202229FIGURE 15 COMP AR I S ON ME DI UM S CE NAR I O OF J OB R E P OR T 2021 AND J OB R E P OR T 2022 0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000900,000FTEsJob Report 2021Job Report 2022%change from last years report2023202420252026202120221%12%13%15%19%462,683471,074509,394546,323584

259、,101465,595529,585573,978626,659692,534763,951 S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 20222.3.Out lo o k t o 2030 I n i ts R E P owe r E U pa c ka g e pub l i she d i n Ma y 2021,the E U Commi ssi on ha s put tog e the r a se t of me a sur e s to r e d uc e E U d e pe nd e nc e on R ussi a n e ne r g y i mpor t

260、s.One of the ke y a c ti ons i n R E P owe r E U i s b oosti ng r e ne wa b l e e ne r g y,i n pa r ti c ul a r sol a r e ne r g y.S ol a r c a pa c i ty ta r g e ts ha ve b e e n r a i se d c onsi d e r a b l y thr oug h thi s pa c ka g e,whi c h a i ms to r e a c h 400 G WDC b y 2025 a nd a b out

261、750 G WDC b y 2030,up f r om 167 G W e nd of 2021.T hi s i nc r e a se i n E U sol a r a mb i ti on i s posi ti ve ne ws f or sol a r j ob s a s we l l.Our mod e l l i ng i nd i c a te s tha t r e a c hi ng the 2030 sol a r ta r g e t wi l l r e sul t i n the c r e a ti on of ove r 1 mi l l i on d i

262、 r e c t a nd i nd i r e c t j ob s i n the E U sol a r i nd ustr y,mor e tha n d oub l i ng the e mpl oyme nt i n the se c tor (se e F i g.16).I f the R E P owe r E U ta r g e ts a r e c e r ta i nl y g oi ng i n the r i g ht d i r e c ti on,the a mb i ti on sti l l r e ma i ns 26%l owe r tha n the

263、 1 T W ta r g e t our Ac c e l e r a te d H i g h S c e na r i o i s c a l l i ng f or i n or d e r to sta y wi thi n a 1.5 C P a r i s-a l i g ne d tr a j e c tor y.T hi s woul d not onl y b e c ost-e f f i c i e nt a nd mor e c l i ma te f r i e nd l y b ut woul d a l so l e a d to a l a r g e i n

264、c r e a se i n e mpl oyme nt.I f the E U i nsta l l e d 1 T W of sol a r b y 2030,j ob s i n the se c tor woul d r e a c h a l most 1.5 mi l l i on F T E s b y the sa me ye a r,whi c h i s 45%hi g he r tha n i n the R E P owe r E U sc e na r i o.2 E U so la r j o b s/c onti nue dE U S ol a r J ob s

265、R e por t 202230FIGURE 16 E U-27 S OL AR J OBS S CE NAR I OS 2021-2030 0FTEs202120252030(REPowerEU/750 GW)2030(1 TW target)IndirectDirect200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000465,595763,9511,034,7621,495,778260,623204,971417,324346,627577,593457,169826,592669,186 S OL AR P

266、OWE R E U R OP E 2022A c ompa r i son of the two 2030 sc e na r i os i s pr ovi d e d i n F i g ur e 17.I n the R E P owe r E U sc e na r i o,1,035,000 F T E s a r e c r e a te d a c r oss the sol a r va l ue c ha i n.Whi l e the ma j or i ty of the se j ob s(74%)wi l l sti l l b e l ong to the De p

267、l oyme nt se c tor,F T E s f r om a l l va l ue c ha i n se g me nts i nc r e a se c onsi d e r a b l y i n a b sol ute te r ms.T ha nks to a r a pi d e xpa nsi on of the ope r a ti ng sol a r f l e e t,Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s wi l l a mount to 125,000 F T E s,ma ki ng up 12%of tota l

268、j ob s.9 1,000 F T E s f r om Ma nuf a c tur i ng a nd 56,000 F T E s f r om De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng woul d c ompl e te the pi c tur e.T he se woul d r e pr e se nt r e spe c ti ve l y 9%a nd 5%of tota l sol a r j ob s.R a i si ng the a mb i ti on to 1 T W l e ve l tr a nsl a te s i nto

269、 461,000 a d d i ti ona l sol a r j ob s.Most of the se e xtr a j ob s a r e i n the De pl oyme nt se g me nt,whi c h ta ke s 1,146,000 F T E s a l one,77%of the tota l.De pl oyme nt j ob s i n the 1 T W S c e na r i o a r e 50%hi g he r tha n i n the R E P owe r E U S c e na r i o.F ur the r,the i

270、nc r e a se i n c umul a ti ve i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty a l so me a ns mor e Ope r a ti on&Ma i nte na nc e j ob s,whi c h a r e 34%hi g he r tha n the R E P owe r E U sc e na r i o a nd a mount to 167,000 F T E s.Our mod e l i ng a ssume s tha t mor e sol a r d e ma nd a l so b r i ng s mor e m

271、a nuf a c tur i ng c a pa c i ti e s i n the E U,i nc r e a si ng sol a r j ob s i n the se c tor b y 35%to 123,000 F T E s.By c ontr a st,the De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc l i ng j ob s i nc r e a se i s onl y ma r g i na l the e f f e c ts of e xtr a i nsta l l e d c a pa c i ty on the se j ob s w

272、i l l onl y ta ke pl a c e i n the l ong te r m.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202231FIGURE 17 E U-27 S OL AR J OBS I N 2030-R E P OWE R E U T AR GE T V S 1 T W T AR GE T 0FTEs2030(REPowerEU/750 GW)2030(1 TW target)1,034,7621,495,778200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,00091,0

273、9355,554763,248124,866123,18359,1641,146,005167,427Decommissioning&RecyclingManufacturingDeploymentOperations&Maintenance S OL AR P OWE R E U R OP E 2022An n e xE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202232ANNEX TABLE 1 S UP P L Y CHAI N NACE CODE S US E D I N F T E MUL T I P L I E R S F OR T HE CAL CUL AT I

274、 ON OF I NDI RE CT J OBS V AL U E CHAI N E MP L OY ME N T T Y P EN ACE COD ENACE S E CT ORMan u fact u rin gP ol ysi l i c on C20 Ma nuf a c tur i ng of c he mi c a l s a nd c he mi c a l pr od uc ts I ng ot/wa f e r C26 Ma nuf a c tur i ng of c ompute r,e l e c tr oni c a nd opti c a l pr od uc ts

275、Ce l l s C26 Ma nuf a c tur i ng of c ompute r,e l e c tr oni c a nd opti c a l pr od uc ts Mod ul e s C26 Ma nuf a c tur i ng of c ompute r,e l e c tr oni c a nd opti c a l pr od uc ts I nve r te r s C27 Ma nuf a c tur i ng of e l e c tr i c a l e qui pme nt Dep l o ymen tDe pl oyme ntF Constr uc t

276、i on Op erat io n&O&MF Constr uc ti on Deco mmis s io n in g&recycl in g De c ommi ssi oni ng F Constr uc ti on R e c yc l i ngE 37T 39 S e we r a g e,wa ste ma na g e me nt a nd r e me d i a ti on a c ti vi ti e s So u rce:E ur osta t.ANNEX TABLE 2 E MP L OY ME NT F ACT OR S US E D F OR S OL AR MAN

277、UF ACT URI NG J OBS (F T E/MW)Y E ARP OL Y S I L I CONI N G O T S/WAF E R SCE L L SMOD U L E SI N V E R T E R2020 0.12 0.25 0.8 0.8 0.36 2030 0.08 0.13 0.4 0.4 0.25 So u rce:I nd ustr y sur ve y.An n e xE U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202233ANNEX TABLE 3 CAP E X OF P V S Y S T E MS I N E U-27 ME MBE R

278、 S T AT E S CAP E X OF P V S Y S T E MS(E U R/W)I N 2021(P R I CE S WI T HOU T V AT)COU NT R YR E S I D E N T I ALCOMME R CI ALI N D U S T R I ALU T I L I T Y-S CAL EAu s t ria 1.61 1.03 0.78 0.72 Bal t ic St at es 1.37 0.9 1 0.72 0.63 Bel giu m 1.30 0.9 8 0.8 1 0.75 Bu l garia 1.12 0.76 0.66 0.49 C

279、z ech Rep u bl ic 0.8 6 0.58 0.50 0.38 Den mark 1.39 0.9 5 0.8 8 0.77 Fin l an d 1.37 0.9 1 0.72 0.63 Fran ce 1.8 4 1.35 1.04 0.9 4 German y 1.61 1.14 1.04 0.70 Greece 2.75 1.8 7 1.61 0.76 Hu n gary 0.8 6 0.58 0.50 0.38 It al y 1.36 1.07 0.9 4 0.78 Net herl an ds 1.47 1.22 1.15 1.07 Po l an d 1.09 0

280、.9 2 0.78 0.76 Po rt u gal 1.35 1.11 0.9 6 0.9 4 Ro man ia 1.54 1.05 0.9 1 0.77 Sl o v akia 1.10 0.75 0.65 0.49 Sl o v en ia 1.12 0.76 0.66 0.49 Sp ain 1.40 0.9 1 0.8 5 0.76 Sweden 1.43 1.17 1.02 0.8 6 Res t o f EU 1.42 1.15 1.07 0.9 8 So u rce:I R E N A,I E A-P V P S,F r a unhof e r I S E.An n e xE

281、 U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202234ANNEX TABLE 4 CAP E X BRE AK DOWN F OR ROOF T OP AND UT I L I T Y-S CAL E P V S Y S T E MS CAP E X BR E AK D OWN-R OOF T OP S Y S T E MSMAI N COS T SCOS T CAT E GOR YP E R CE NT AGEHardware co s t sMod ul e 27.19%I nve r te r 10.54%BOS 17.54%In s t al l at io n l a

282、bo u rI nsta l l a ti on l a b our14.8 0%So ft co s t Custome r a c qui si ti on 3.28%P r oc ur e me nt&pe r mi tti ng 5.8 9%Ma r g i n 20.75%So u rce:I E A-P V P S.CAP E X BR E AK D OWN-U T I L I T Y-S CAL E S Y S T E MSMAI N COS T SCOS T CAT E GOR YP E R CE NT AGEHardware co s t sMod ul e s 36.7%I

283、 nve r te r s 6.6%R a c ki ng&mounti ng 17.2%Gr i d c onne c ti on 8.5%Ca b l i ng/wi r i ng 2.5%S a f e ty&se c ur i ty 1.9%Moni tor i ng&c ontr ol 2.4%In s t al l at io n l abo u rMe c ha ni c a l i nsta l l a ti on 6.1%E l e c tr i c a l i nsta l l a ti on 2.3%I nspe c ti on 0.5%So ft co s t sMa

284、r g i n 5.5%F i na nc i ng c osts 1.5%S yste m d e si g n 4.7%P e r mi tti ng 2.2%I nc e nti ve a ppl i c a ti on 1.0%Custome r a c qui si ti on 0.6%So u rce:I R E N A,i nd ustr y sur ve y.E U S ol a r J ob s R e por t 202235S o la rP o we r E uro p e -L e a d in g t h e E n e rg y T ra n sit io n R ond-P oi nt R ob e r t S c huma n 3,1040 Br usse l s,Be l g i um T +32 2 709 55 20 /F +32 2 725 32 50 i nf osol a r powe r e ur ope.or g /www.so la rp o we re uro p e.o rgI S BN N U MBE R 9789464518689