1、AUSTRALIAN RAIL MARKET OUTLOOKDECEMBER 2022About BIS Oxford EconomicsEffective March 1,2017,UK-headquartered Oxford Economics,one of the worlds foremost independent global advisory firms acquired a controlling stake in BIS Shrapnel.BIS Shrapnel,which had been in continuous operation since July 1,196

2、4 as a completely independent Australian owned firm with no vested interests of any kind providing industry research,analysis and forecasting services merged with the Australian operation of Oxford Economics.The new organisation is now known as BIS Oxford Economics.Oxford Economics was founded in 19

3、81 as a commercial venture with Oxford Universitys business college to provide economic forecasting and modelling to UK companies and financial institutions expanding abroad.Since then,we have become one of the worlds foremost independent global advisory firms,providing reports,forecasts and analyti

4、cal tools on 200 countries,100 industrial sectors and over 3,000 cities.Our best-of-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unparalleled ability to forecast external market trends and assess their economic,social and business impact.About the ARAWe are the peak body

5、 for the rail sector in Australia and New Zealand,and advocate for almost 200 member organisations across the rail industry.Our members include every aspect of the rail industry,including:The passenger and freight operators that keep essential rail services movingThe track owners,managers and contra

6、ctors that deliver a safe and efficient rail infrastructure networkThe suppliers,manufacturers and consultants that drive innovation,productivity and efficiency in the rail industry.For more information,visit .auAustralasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookContents1.Executive Summary

7、.42.Australian Rail Outlook .63.New South Wales .114.Victoria .145.Queensland .176.South Australia .207.Western Australia .238.Tasmania .269.Northern Territory .2810.Australian Capital Territory .3011.The Growing Freight Task .3312.Appendices .36 Appendix A:Notes on the Data 11.1 Rail Construction 1

8、1.2 Rail Maintenance 11.3 Rollingstock Appendix B:Public Sector Rollingstock Procurement401 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY5Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookThis report examines the outlook for Australias railway construction and maintenance work for the next 10 years and presents the k

9、ey drivers of activity at a national and state level.Over the decade to 2032,Australias population is projected to increase by 3.8 million to just under 30 million people this is equivalent to an annual growth rate of 1.4%.In order to support this relatively strong growth in population and related p

10、assenger and freight tasks as well as helping meet Australias climate change objectives further major investment in Australias railway network is required.As such a number of key projects shape the forecast for construction activity.Australian railways activity across construction and maintenance ro

11、se to a record$12.9 billion in 2021-22,with activity forecast to average$14.4 billion over the next five years as a swathe of large and predominantly publicly funded projects ramp up across Australia.Railway construction work increased in real terms by 2.9%to$10.73 billion in 2021-22,a record level

12、of activity.This represents the sixth consecutive year of growth in rail construction following a sharp cooling in activity between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as predominantly privately funded projects driven by the resource boom were completed.The more recent growth phase has been driven predominantly by

13、publicly funded projects,which has increased by 287%since 2014-15.Railways maintenance activity is estimated at$2.14 billion in 2021-22,a real 2.2%increase on the previous year.With strong growth in size and capacity of the rail network to be maintained,maintenance activity is expected to grow by ne

14、arly 20%in real terms over the coming decade.Overall,$129 billion in rail civil construction and maintenance is forecast for the coming decade to 2031-32,compared to$96 billion over the last decade.Over the next 15 years,$154 billion in rail construction work is expected.KEY OUTLOOK MESSAGES The for

15、ecast for railway construction activity over the short to medium term is driven by a strong,funded pipeline spanning heavy haul,freight and passenger projects.A positive longer-term outlook is driven by population growth;urban expansion;and environmental concerns,particularly the need to reduce carb

16、on emissions in Australias transport sector to help meet critical climate targets.Australian railway construction activity is set to continue to rise over the coming years,peaking at$13.3 billion in 2023-24.This growth is driven by publicly funded major projects across the east coast states.Activity

17、 is set to remain above current levels until 2026-27 before dropping to$8.6 billion in 2031-32.Publicly funded major projects across New South Wales,Victoria and Queensland will account for 77%of major project work in 2023-24.Megaprojects such as Sydney Metro,Inland Rail and the Melbourne Airport Ra

18、il Link(MARL)will drive growth over the medium term.Western Australian rail activity,whilst historically heavily driven by private funding,will be boosted over the next two years as the State Governments METRONET program ramps up.Australian Capital Territory activity will be elevated from 2023-24 by

19、 Canberra Light Rail Stage 2 developments.Rail maintenance activity is expected to increase each year over the forecast period for each state and territory.This is due to the need to maintain a growing rail network,but also reflects rising rail remediation works given the increasing frequency of cli

20、mate change-influenced events(floods,droughts,bushfires and coastal erosion)impacting the Australian rail network.602 AUSTRALIAN RAIL OUTLOOK7Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookAustralian railway construction activity increased by 2.2%in 2021-22 to reach$10.73 billion a reco

21、rd level of construction.Since 2015-16,work done has increased by 161%on the back of a 207%increase in publicly funded construction.Maintenance totalled$2.1 billion across Australia in 2021-22,taking total railway activity to$12.9 billion.While total rail activity is currently in the midst of a stro

22、ng growth phase,BIS Oxford Economics forecasts that medium to long term rail activity will be sustained at a higher plane(as shown in Figure 2.1)due to:Sustained strong urban and regional population growth necessitating further investment in new or upgraded passenger transport links A robustly growi

23、ng freight task associated with population growth and increasing trade The relatively stronger environmental benefits from rail compared to road transport,particularly as electricity generation becomes less reliant on fossil fuels A growing maintenance taskRail construction in recent years has been

24、boosted by a range of publicly funded projects that aimed to close infrastructure gaps which have emerged given Australias very strong population growth during the 2000s and 2010s.While population growth slowed sharply during the pandemic driven by a reversal in usually strong net overseas migration

25、 as Australia closed its international border population growth is picking up strongly again,with net overseas migration now anticipated to reach 290,000 people in 2022-23,the highest level since the resources boom.Over the decade to 2032,Australias population is projected to increase by 3.8 million

26、 to just under 30 million people an annual average population growth rate of 1.4%.Figure 2.1 Australia railway construction and maintenance8Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookWith rising demand for transport driving investment in Australias land transport networks,it is beco

27、ming increasingly important that this investment is consistent with broader social and environment objectives.As highlighted in the 2021 Australian Rail Supply Chain report prepared by BIS Oxford Economic1,the transport sector accounts for nearly one-fifth of Australias total carbon emissions and th

28、is share has been sustained over 2021 despite impacts from COVID-19 as shown in Figure 2.2.Greater investment in relatively lower emission rail transport is likely to be part of the solution to decarbonise land transport and,combined with a consistent long term fuel and energy policy that encourages

29、 substitution of fossil fuels with renewables,can play an important role in meeting Australias greenhouse gas targets and avoiding dangerous climate change.Figure 2.2 Share of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by sector,Australia,2021 Source:Department of Industry,Science,Energy and Resources.1 Australasian

30、Railways Association(2021)The Australian Rail Supply Chain State of Play,Challenges and Recommendations,prepared by BIS Oxford Economics.Viewed at:https:/.au/wp-content/uploads/Report-The-Australian-Rail-Supply-Chain.pdf 9Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookThe key projects b

31、oosting activity in the near term include metro passenger projects in New South Wales and Victoria,the Inland Rail project(spanning NSW,Victoria and Queensland),the Melbourne Airport Rail Link in Victoria and the Cross River Rail project in Queensland.Construction is set to peak in 2023-24 at$13.2 b

32、illion before cooling as several key projects begin to wind down.Including maintenance,total activity will eclipse$15.4 billion in 2023-24.Australian railway construction activity is set to continue to rise over the coming years,peaking at$13.3 billion in 2023-24.This growth is driven predominantly

33、by publicly funded major projects across the east coast states.Activity is set to remain above current levels until 2026-27 before dropping to$8.6 billion in 2031-32.Overall,$105 billion in rail civil construction is forecast for the coming decade to 2031-32,compared to$77 billion over the last deca

34、de.Over the next 15 years,$154 billion in rail construction work is projected.Strong and rising construction demand coupled with well noted supply chain pressures(both locally and globally)are driving stronger than anticipated growth in construction prices,increasing the risk that major rail project

35、s will be delayed and/or cost more than previously planned,placing pressure on budgets.While the forecasts presented in this report represent BIS Oxford Economics baseline view,there is a risk that some projects will be deferred in the current market environment.Under this scenario,weaker growth in

36、the near term is supplemented by stronger growth in the second half of the decade as deferred projects or packages commence.Despite current market capacity challenges,our long term view holds that record levels of rail construction activity will be undertaken across the decade to 2031-32 given the s

37、ize and scope of known projects either underway or to commence,medium to longer term transport plans from state and territory jurisdictions,growth in population and trade and increasing pressure on the transport sector to meet climate change emissions targets.Figure 2.3 Major railway projects in Aus

38、tralia 10Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookRail maintenance across Australia is reflective of total stock of railway infrastructure and as such is dominated by the east coast states with NSW,Victoria and Queensland accounting for 71%of estimated maintenance activity in 2021

39、-22.Maintenance expenditure is forecast to average$2.2 billion p.a.over the five years to 2025-26,10%higher than the average over the five years to 2020-21.The long-term outlook for railway maintenance activity remains positive as the demand for rail as a form of transport increases,existing assets

40、age and require repairs(particularly in regional areas),and a large volume of new assets are added.As such,the longer-term forecast for maintenance is expected to grow by 17.8%to 2031-32 to reach$2.5 billion.It is worth noting,however,that the short-term outlook may be understated due to the prolong

41、ed La Nia weather system bringing flooding and heavy rains to the east coast,which may drive higher than projected maintenance spending.Figure 2.4 Australian railway maintenance1103 NEW SOUTH WALES12Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookAccording to ABS data,NSW railway constru

42、ction decreased marginally in 2021-22 to$3.1 billion,following a fall in publicly funded construction.Despite the cooling,publicly funded construction remains at historically elevated levels,supported by the development of the Sydney Metro(City&Southwest).Following a dramatic increase in activity be

43、tween 2014-15 and 2018-19,which saw a 194%increase in construction to$3.7 billion,activity has since slowed over the past three years.Publicly funded projects accounted for 93%of total railway construction work done($2.9 billion)in NSW during 2021-22 close to the average for the last five years.As s

44、een in Figure 3.1,NSW railway construction is forecasted to increase by 26%to$3.9 billion in 2022-23,surpassing the previous high-level set in 2018-19($3.7 billion).Underpinning this growth is the continued increase in publicly funded projects,notably Sydney Metro(City and South West,West and Airpor

45、t),Inland Rail(several packages),Parramatta Light Rail and various freight line upgrades.Total construction is set to peak at$4.7 billion in 2024-25 before gradually decreasing to just under$3.0 billion in 2031-32.Figure 3.1 New South Wales railway construction and maintenance 13Australasian Rail As

46、sociation/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 3.2 shows the significance of the continued development of the Sydney Metro,in particular the ramping up of the Western Sydney Airport and Metro West development.The Sydney Metro is Australias biggest public transport project by 2030 it will comprise fo

47、ur lines,46 stations and 113km of new rail2.The Maintenance activity for NSW is forecasted to follow a similar trend described for Australia with consistent growth over the forecast horizon.For 2021-22,maintenance activity 2 Sydney Metro NSW Government https:/www.sydneymetro.info/various Sydney Metr

48、o projects are set to account for nearly two-thirds of all NSW major project work done in 2023-24 and will continue to drive the outlook over the next 5 years as work done peaks at$4.9 billion in 2024-25.Figure 3.2 New South Wales major railway projects covered$529.6 million,a 2.1%increase on the pr

49、evious year.Maintenance activity is expected to grow by 17.9%to$624.3 million by 2031-32.1404 VICTORIA15Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookVictorian railway construction increased by 8.0%to$4.6 billion in 2021-22,a record level of activity.The Victorian railway construction

50、profile is similar to that of NSW.Following a weak period during the resources boom,activity rose dramatically over the later years of the 2010s as publicly funded projects ramped up.However,unlike NSW,With a limited resource sector,work done has historically been dominated by publicly funded projec

51、ts,accounting for an average of 93%of total construction activity since 2012-13.Of note is an earlier peak in construction than other states and territories,reflecting the five-fold increase in work done since 2014-15,Construction is set to begin to decline from 2022-23,excluding a 5.4%increase in 2

52、023-24 construction.Victoria has experienced three consecutive years of positive growth,with total construction activity increasing by 61%since 2018-19.Construction activity over the forecast period is expected to be at its highest in 2021-22,but future construction activity is projected to remain n

53、ear this level to provide a sustained profile of work.Figure 4.1 Victoria railway construction Current activity is dominated by the Melbourne Metro Rail and Level Crossing Removal,with these two projects expected to account for nearly half the major project work done in 2022-23(45.2%).Whilst these p

54、rojects are expected to remain firm contributors to Victorian railway construction,the Melbourne Airport Rail Link is set to ramp up from 2023-24 and will account for 43.9%of major project work in 2026-27.16Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 4.2 Victoria Major Railway

55、 Projects Rail maintenance contributed$417.3 million worth of activity in 2021-22,according to BIS Oxford Economics estimates,taking total railway work done to$4.8 billion.As is the case with NSW,Victorian rail maintenance is forecasted to undergo consecutive growth over the forecast horizon,reachin

56、g$508.4 million by 2031-32.1705 QUEENSLAND18Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookQueensland railway construction decreased by 1.7%to$1.5 billion in 2021-22,due to a 54%decrease in privately funded construction(essentially investment in coal heavy haul networks).Figure 5.1 Quee

57、nsland railway construction Despite the decrease,construction activity in 2021-22 was the second highest level in the recorded series,having been boosted by a strong pipeline of publicly funded projects.As is the case with the other resource-strong states of Western Australia and the Northern Territ

58、ory,private-funded activity plays a significant role in Queenslands outlook profile.Privately funded construction accounted for 19%of the total construction profile in 2021-22.This share is set to rise to 34%in 2024-25 due to the substantial Gowrie to Kagaru stage of Inland Rail,which will involve t

59、unnelling through the Toowoomba Ranges and be delivered as a Public Private Partnership(PPP).Overall,the Inland Rail projects of Gowrie to Kagaru and NSW Border to Gowrie will account for a large share of total rail activity in the staet as they ramp up over the next few years,accounting for 42.1%of

60、 total major project activity in 2024-25,following a peak in major project activity in 2023-24($2.7 billion).In total,Queensland rail construction is forecast to peak in 2023-24 at$2.8 billion before falling back after the middle of the decade.Publicly funded rail projects in South East Queensland w

61、ill also drive activity in coming years as the region accelerates infrastructure investment to accommodate a fast growing population and the Olympic Games in 2032.19Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 5.2 Queensland railway major projects Maintenance work has historica

62、lly comprised a significant share of the total railway work done given the large stock of rail assets,particularly heavy haul assets supporting resources projects.In 2021-22,rail maintenance in Queensland was estimated at$576.6 million,around 27%of total railway work in Queensland.This is a relative

63、ly larger share than the other east coast states,whose maintenance activity only accounted for 14.6%and 8.3%in NSW and Victoria respectively.Maintenance for the Queensland rail network is forecast to reach the highest levels of any state by 2031-32 contributing$654.4 million to total rail activity.2

64、006 SOUTH AUSTRALIA21Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookSouth Australia railway construction fell 15%to$240 million in 2021-22 as a result of a 16%decrease in publicly funded activity.Since the resource boom(and in particular,rail works associated with the Olympic Dam projec

65、t in the early 2010s),South Australia has seen relatively weaker levels of rail activity.Construction peaked in 2012-13 at$746.4 million and has since decreased by 68%.The outlook for South Australian rail construction is relatively stable,with activity forecasted to peak at$352 million in 2024-25(b

66、ased on further resources investment)before continuing to range from$185 million to$210 million over the forecast period.Figure 6.1 South Australia railway construction22Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 6.2 South Australia railway major projects As shown in Figure 6

67、.2,only two rail projects are expected to exceed$100 million in spending over the next few years:the North-South Corridor(Northern Connector integrated road and rail project)and Central Eyre.Their activity is set to peak in 2024-25 at$250 million.This level of construction is unsurprising given the

68、smaller base of railway activity experienced in South Australia and,with a smaller increase in population over the next 30 years(an increase of 0.4 million to 2.2 million),the demand for larger scale projects is not at the same level as the larger statesRail maintenance work in South Australia reach

69、ed a historically high level of$124 million in 2021-22,taking total railway work to$364 million.Maintenance work is forecast to grow by 18%by 2031-32 to$147 million.2307 WESTERN AUSTRALIA24Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookWestern Australian railway construction fell margin

70、ally to$1.1 billion in 2021-22,as a result of a 6%decrease in publicly funded construction.Following the collapse in record privately funded rail project work after the resource boom in the earlier part of the 2010s,activity has picked up again in recent years on the back of elevated levels of publi

71、cly funded projects.As seen in Figure 7.1,rail construction in Western Australia is forecast to peak at$1.4 billion in 2022-23 due to continued public investment,although rail construction will still be only around one-third of the level experienced in 2012-13.Figure 7.1 Western Australia railway co

72、nstruction Driving the current increase is the METRONET program,which is the single largest investment in public transport that Perth has experienced3 and accounts for just over$2 billion in rail construction major project work over the next five years(Figure 7.2).The project is expected to deliver

73、72km of new passenger rail and 22 new stations.The project is aimed to help connect Perth to the surrounding suburbs and provide the basis for future urban growth.3 METRONET Project Government of Western Australia https:/www.metronet.wa.gov.au/Despite METRONET-related activity decreasing rapidly fro

74、m 2023-24,total activity for WA will remain stable as private investment increases over the next 10 years from 2025-26 the majority of rail construction work will come from privately funded activity.25Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 7.2 Western Australia railway co

75、nstruction Following the elevated levels of railway construction in the resource boom,rail maintenance in WA is now estimated at nearly$440 million in 2021-22,elevating total railway work across construction and maintenance to$1.6 billion.With consistent growth expected over the forecast horizon and

76、 the slowdown in projects as part of the METRONET program,maintenance work will account for a greater share of railway work by 2025-26 before reaching$525 million by 2031-32.2608 TASMANIA27Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookTasmanian railway construction activity increased b

77、y 26%to$74.5 million in 2021-22,the highest historical level of activity.Despite the substantial increase in 2021-22,rail construction activity in Tasmania only accounts for 0.7%of total Australian construction.The Tasmanian rail system comprises mostly of freight services supported by State Governm

78、ent funding and the majority of ongoing projects are focused on revitalisation and upgrades to the existing network.Tasmanian rail construction is forecasted to peak at$77.9 million in 2022-23,a 4.5%increase on the volume in 2021-22.This increase will be driven by a 4.8%increase in publicly funded w

79、orks.Figure 8.1 Tasmania railway constructionGiven the size and age of Tasmanian rail assets,and the absence of major construction projects,rail maintenance plays a significant role in total railway activity.In 2021-22,maintenance contributed an estimated$22.8 million to total rail activity($97.3 mi

80、llion).From 2029-30,maintenance is projected to account for the largest share of total rail work(55%)and will reach$26.3 million by 2031-32.2809 NORTHERN TERRITORY29Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookNorthern Territory railway construction decreased by 39%to$16.3 million in

81、2021-22,accounting for only 0.2%of total Australian activity.Historically,activity in the Territory has mainly comprised of privately funded construction,accounting for 99.4%of construction since 2012-13.Construction peaked in 2020-21 at$26.7 million and is expected to remain relatively steady over

82、the forecast period,averaging$5.8 million from 2024-25 onwards.Figure 9.1 Northern Territory railway construction Maintenance work in the Territory totalled an estimated$22 million in 2021-22,around 58%of total railway activity.Maintenance work is forecasted to reach$26 million by 2031-32 and accoun

83、t for 82%of total rail activity.3010AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY31Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookAustralian Capital Territory railway construction has been near zero in recent years following the completion of the Canberra Light Rail Stage 1(Gungahlin to City).As illustr

84、ated in Figure 10.1,rail construction activity in the ACT is forecasted to experience a prolonged increase in work done,with a peak level of activity expected in 2026-27 at$224.2 million.This delayed peak,relative to other states,is due to the timing of Stages 2A(City to Commonwealth Park,expected 2

85、023-24 to 2026-27)and 2B(Commonwealth Park to Woden,expected 2026-27 to 2030-31)of the Canberra Light Rail Network.Figure 10.1 Australian Capital Territory railway construction 32Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookFigure 10.2 Australian Capital Territory railway major projec

86、ts With a limited existing railway system,the ACT maintenance expenditure accounts for a more moderate share of total activity than the other states.In 2021-22,estimated maintenance contributed$3.0 million elevating total railway work to$5.2 million.By 2031-32,maintenance work is forecast to reach$3

87、.8 million.The outlook for ACT railway construction continues to be dominated by the Light Rail Network with stage 2A set to commence in 2023-24 and stage 2B in 2026-27.As seen in Figure 10.2,these stages will drive total activity to peak much later than in the other states.Activity will remain at r

88、elatively high levels until 2030-31 when activity is set to decrease to$35.8 million.3311THE GROWING FREIGHT TASK34Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookPopulation increment,AUSComponents of population increase,AUS35Australasian Rail Association/Australian Rail Market OutlookGr

89、owing rail freight taskRising rail investment and construction is also being driven by rails increasing share of Australias growing domestic freight task.The resources investment boom(which ushered in strong growth in mining production)has added substantially to the freight task.While mining product

90、ion has eased marginally over FY21 and FY22,agricultural output has surged by 58 per cent during this period as a result of easing in drought conditions.Looking ahead,the rail freight task is expected to rise further due to population and trade growth and modal shift of freight from road to rail.AUS

91、TRALIAN DOMESTIC FREIGHT TASK,BY MODE OF TRANSPORT3612APPENDICES 11.1 Rail constructionRailway construction historical data(up to and including FY2021-22)contained in this report is sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Engineering Construction Survey(Cat.No.8762.0).This data is presented

92、 in 2019-20 constant prices.This means that changes in activity are expressed in real(not nominal terms)and hence reflect real increases in activity and not changes in the price of that activity.Railway construction forecasts presented in this report are provided by BIS Oxford Economics from its reg

93、ular forecasting service Engineering Construction in Australia.These forecasts are based on an analysis of expenditure on known projects(from Budget Papers and other published private and public sector sources)and consideration of supply constraints as well as medium to longer term projections based

94、 on forecast demographic and macroeconomic factors and longer term investment plans published by government agencies and the private sector.Rail construction includes tracklaying,overhead power lines and signals,platforms,and tunnels for underground railways.As per explanatory notes from the Survey,

95、construction activity excludes a number of major expenditure items associated with the rail network,notably the purchase of plant and equipment not considered an integral part of the rail structure(e.g.rollingstock),the value of land and buildings from projects,and maintenance(see 11.2 below).11.2 R

96、ail maintenanceMaintenance can be defined as expenditure which brings an asset back to but does not improve upon its original design standard.Historical rail maintenance estimates and forecasts in this report are based on analysis undertaken by BIS Oxford Economics and provided in our Maintenance in

97、 Australia subscription service.Rail maintenance includes spending on below rail assets and infrastructure(track,signalling etc)and excludes maintenance of rollingstock.A range of approaches to estimating and forecasting rail maintenance has been utilised,drawing on BIS Oxford Economics diverse capa

98、bilities.We compile numerous published and unpublished sources of information including existing contracts in each segment(from our related Australian Maintenance Masterplan service),regulatory determinations,government budgets and news from asset owners and service providers.We supplement this data

99、 by undertaking interviews with asset owners,gathering data and qualitative responses to issues impacting the maintenance sector.11.3 RollingstockIt is important to note that the rail construction and maintenance activity data in this report excludes spending on rollingstock.Appendix B(overpage)prov

100、ides the latest update of rollingstock procurement by Australian state and territory governments.Apart from the large size of recent contracts(to support the recent strong expansion of passenger rail investment,as well as replacement of ageing rollingstock),this table reveals significant differences

101、 in where rollingstock is sourced,with Victoria and Western Australia generally supporting a greater focus on Australian rollingstock manufacture than other Australian jurisdictions.APPENDIX A:NOTES ON THE DATAAPPENDIX B:PUBLIC SECTOR ROLLINGSTOCK PROCUREMENTStateDateProjectSourceClientCostQuantityC

102、onsortium(Manufacturer)NSW2019Regional Rail FleetSpainNSW Government$1.3bn117 carsMomentum TrainsNSW2016Sydney Growth Trains(Waratah 2)ChinaSydney Trains$1bn+192 carsDowner Edi(Changchun Railway Vehicles)NSW2016New Intercity FleetSouth Korea$3.9bn520 carsRailConnect(Hyundai Rotem)NSW2014Sydney Metro

103、 Stage 1China$3.7bn132 carsNorthwest Rapid Transit(Alstom)NSW2006WaratahChina/AustraliaSydney Trains$3.6bn626 carsReliance Rail(Changchun Railway Vehicles/Downer)VIC2022XTrapolis 2.0AustraliaMetro Tunnel$1bn150 carsAlstomVIC2022Next Generation TramAustraliaVIC Government$1.85bn100 tramsBombardierVIC

104、2019New Vlocity TrainsAustraliaV/Line network$0.34bn119 carsAlstomVIC 2019New E-Class TramsAustraliaVIC Government$0.34bn20 tramsBombardierVIC 2017New E-Class TramsAustraliaVIC Government$0.27bn10 tramsBombardierVIC2016XTrapolisAustraliaPublic Transport Victoria$0.1bn54 carsAlstomVIC2016High Capacit

105、y MetroChina/AustraliaVictorian Government$2bn65 trainsEvolution Rail(CRRC/Downer)QLD2022*Rollingstock Expansion TBA TBA$1.8bn520 cars TBAQLD2019New Generation UpgradeIndiaGold Coast Light Rail$0.34bn Qtectic(Bombardier)QLD2016FLEXITY 2GermanyGold Coast Light Rail 18 carsGoldLinq(Bombardier)QLD2014New GenerationIndiaQueensland Rail$4.4bn450 carsQtectic(Bombardier)WA2019WA Railcar ProgramAustraliaMETRONET$1.2bn246 carsAlstom