1、US-CHINABUSINESSTHE NEXT HUNDRED YEARSCHINA BUSINESS CLIMATE SURVEY REPORT中国商务环境调查报告2023Chairmans Message主席致辞Executive Summary概述2023 Survey Methodology2023 年调查方法1.Performance Snapshot绩效速览2.Business Operations and Goals商业运营和经营目标2.1 Growth Outlook and Opportunities增长前景与机遇2.2 Investment Outlook投资前景3 Bu

2、siness Environment商业环境3.1 Investment Environment 投资环境3.2 Human Resources人力资源3.3 Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights创新和知识产权4.Impact of Bilateral Relations中美关系的影响CONTENTS 目录02320443630862AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Chairmans MessageThe American Chamber of

3、 Commerce in the Peoples Republic of China(AmCham China)was founded in Beijing in 1919,and has long been an advocate for a stable and balanced US-China commercial relationship.The wider bilateral relationship continues to have a direct and profound impact on global peace and prosperity,and China is

4、an important market for many American companies.Our members appreciate the close attention that US and Chinese policymakers pay to our annual China Business Climate Survey(BCS)Report.This,together with our White Paper,are the key mechanisms that we use to offer constructive recommendations to both c

5、ountries as they work towards greater mutual understanding and successful resolution of concerns.While US-China trade has continued to grow throughout the pandemic,bilateral relations have become increasingly complex for the American business community in China to navigate.Last year was particularly

6、 challenging for our member companies,as they dealt with Chinas economic slowdown,Zero-COVID controls,and ongoing efforts to ensure compliance with various new US and China-related regulations.For the 25th annual edition of our China Business Climate Survey(BCS)Report,one of the key barometers of th

7、e sentiment of the American business community in China,we are delighted to have partnered with PwC for execution and analysis.Although Chinas Zero-COVID policy ended shortly after the bulk of the data for this report was collected,subsequent membership surveys and engagements reinforce the followin

8、g key themes:Members reported a slightly more pessimistic financial outlook compared to previous years:In 2022,34%of members estimated their revenue would be lower than 2021.However,despite the pandemic-related restrictions,another 32%of members predicted their revenue would go up.While 2021 saw a t

9、rend toward normalization of financial expectations,the shocks of the past year have led to results which look similar to 2020 when the initial pandemic impacts were experienced by companies.China is no longer the primary investment destination it once was:This year,less than half of our member comp

10、anies rank China as a top three investment priority,marking a significant shift for the first time.45%of members noted that Chinas investment environment is deteriorating,up 31 percentage points(pp)from last year and the highest percentage of members to respond this way in the last five years.The ma

11、jority of members are not considering relocating their supply chain:Many of our member companies have been in China for decades and the majority of them continue to have a long-term commitment to the China market.However,there is a 10pp increase in the number of companies considering or already star

12、ting to relocate their manufacturing and sourcing outside of China.Risk management and US-China trade tensions were two of the top three reasons cited by members for doing so.Tense bilateral relationship continues to stoke uncertainty in business decision making:Half of our member companies are pess

13、imistic about the future of US-China relations in the coming year with three-quarters of members reporting that their companies have been impacted by trade tensions.A positive bilateral relationship is extremely important to member company businesses in China and many hope that future trade negotiat

14、ions will result in more open Chinese markets and a level playing field for foreign-invested enterprises.AmCham China members looking for ways to support the cooperative agenda:Eight-in-ten of our member companies report that they have an Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)strategy in China.In

15、addition to increasing brand value and aligning with headquarters initiatives,42%of members believe that implementing ESG programs can help talent acquisition and retention.The data included in this report provides an accurate and nuanced view of the experiences that our member companies are having

16、on the ground in China.With the borders now re-opened for business,our member companies look forward to deeper in-person communication across the board,amid continuing hope that the two governments can address and constructively resolve outstanding issues.Colm Rafferty Chairman,AmCham China March 20

17、233AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 主席致辞自中国美国商会于 1919 年在北京成立以来，一直致力于倡导稳定而平衡的中美经贸关系。中美关系对全球和平与繁荣有着直接且深远的影响，对于许多美国企业而言，中国市场至关重要。我们的会员企业非常感谢中美两国政策制定者对商会年度商务环境调查报告的密切关注。作为商会重要的政策谏言机制，该报告与中国美国商会“美国企业在中国白皮书”是我们向中美两国政府提供富有实质性建议、进一步加深相互理解和成功解决问题的重要抓手。尽管在新冠疫情期间，中美双边贸易持续增长，但双边关系使在华运营的美国

18、企业的运营环境更加复杂。2022 年，中国经济放缓、疫情防控和中美两国新的合规要求叠加，在华美国企业遭遇了前所未有的挑战。今年，我们非常高兴再次与普华永道合作，共同研究和撰写衡量在华美国企业意见重要指标的第 25 期中国美国商会中国商务环境调查报告。此次报告向会员征求意见时间为 2022 年 10 月中旬至 11 月中旬。随着中国疫情防控措施在去年年末调整，我们持续跟进了会员企业在华运营情况。今年的调查报告中包括了以下重要议题：与往年相比，会员企业对在华整体营商环境略显悲观：2022 年，34%的会员预估营收将低于 2021 年水平。然而，尽管受到新冠肺炎疫情的冲击，仍有 32%的会员企业预计

19、盈利将增加。2021 年，会员企业曾表示在华财务表现趋于疫情前水平；但 2022 年受到新冠疫情防控措施的冲击，会员企业整体财务表现跌落至 2020年水平。中国作为首要投资目的地的企业比例正在下降：2022年，不到半数的会员企业将中国列为前三大投资目的地之一，是首次出现的重大转变。45%的受访会员企业表示中国的投资环境正在恶化，同比上涨了 31 个百分点，是过去五年中该选项的最高比例。大多数会员企业并未考虑转移供应链：我们的许多会员企业在华深耕数载，仍坚守在华运营承诺。但是，自新冠疫情以来，考虑或已经开始将生产和采购转移至中国境外的企业比例首次增加了 10 个百分点。“风险管理”和“中美双边贸

20、易摩擦”是会员企业考虑转移产能的另外两大因素。中美关系紧张持续为在华运营带来不确定性：半数会员企业预测 2023 年中美关系将恶化，四分之三的会员企业表示已受到中美双边贸易摩擦的影响。同时，会员企业表示，良好的中美双边关系对公司在华业务增长至关重要。许多会员企业希望未来的双边经贸谈判能聚焦在进一步向外资开放中国市场，并为外资企业争取更多公平竞争的机会。中国美国商会会员期待参与支持中美合作议题：80%的会员企业表示在华实施了“环境，社会责任和公司治理（ESG）”战略。会员企业认为该战略除了有利于公司树立在华商业品牌形象并与总部 ESG 战略一致外，有 42%的会员企业表示 ESG 战略的实施有助

21、于公司在华持续招聘和留住人才。本次报告中的数据准确而细致地反映了我们扎根中国本土的会员企业的实际情况。随着 2023 年 1 月 8 日起中国进一步放宽新冠疫情防控措施，我们的会员企业期待更加深入的沟通往来，并期望两国政府能通过实质性的对话解决突出性问题。华刚林中国美国商会主席二零二三年三月4AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Executive SummaryAfter three full years dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic,our members reported a

22、 slightly more pessimistic outlook compared to previous years.This inflection toward pessimism reflected members attitudes about their companies financial performance and overall expectations around Chinas openness and business climate.Estimated performance results for 2022 showed a decline in the p

23、ortion of member companies that saw increased revenue,profitability,and Earnings Before Interest and Taxes(EBIT)margins compared to last year.Much of the decline in 2022 performance was attributed to COVID-19 Figure 20.Top five business challenges in China图 20.企业在中国市场面临的五大商业挑战2002220231In

24、consistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确55%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加45%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张78%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张56%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张66%2Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加48%Inconsistent regu

25、latory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确41%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加40%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确31%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 55%3Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张45%Rising tensions in US-China rela

26、tions中美关系日益紧张41%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确37%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加29%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确32%4Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 来自中国民营企业的日益激烈的竞争58%Regula

27、tory compliance risks监管合规风险23%Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 来自中国民营企业的日益激烈的竞争33%Regulatory compliance risks监管合规风险28%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加25%5Shortages of qualified management缺少合格的管理人员28%Shortages of qualified management缺少合格的管理人员23%Concerns about data security对数据安全的

28、担忧26%Concerns about data security对数据安全的担忧23%Regulatory compliance risks监管合规风险25%5AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 概 述在经历了整整三年的新冠肺炎疫情之后，中国美国商会会员企业对在华经营的前景稍显悲观情绪。这种悲观态度反映在会员企业在华财务表现，以及对中国的开放程度和商业环境的整体预期上。2022 年，会员企业业绩预测结果显示，在华收入、利润率和息税前利润率（EBIT）都呈现出同比下降趋势。新冠疫情防控措施是导致 2022 年业绩下降的

29、一个主要原因。虽然许多会员企业仍将中国视为首选市场，但今年将中国列为前三大投资目的地之一的会员企业数量急剧下降。随着中国成为众多投资目的地之一，会员企业对增加在华投资和战略优先的意愿也正在下降。中美双边关系的不确定性仍然是会员企业在华业务的首要商业挑战。与此同时，会员企业还面临着监管环境的不确定性增加和劳动力成本上升的挑战。2022年财务表现再次下降至2020年水平34%的会员企业预计 2022 年企业营收将低于 2021 年。尽管 2021 年会员企业预测在华财务表现和市场增长水平将逐步恢复到疫情前水平，2022 年的财务表现结果与 2020 年新冠疫情初期的表现相似（图 9）。三分之二的受

30、访企业表示，2022 年在华财务表现大部分是由疫情间歇性封锁隔离措施导致的（图 10）。预计Figure 9.How does the estimated 2022 revenue of your companys China operations compare with 2021 results?图 9.2022 年贵公司在华业务的经营收入预计与 2021 年相比有何变化？%By percentage 3234344534214 Up上升 Comparable (2%)持平 Down下降202120202019Consumer消费行业26205420215027232

31、0222022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业383725202Services服务行业3234342021682662022Tech and R&D技术和研发行业492625202AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report prevention measures.While many members still see China as a priority market,this year saw a sharp decline in members who

32、 rank China as a top three priority.The willingness to increase investment and strategic priority is declining as China becomes merely one of many investment destinations.Members continue to report uncertainty in bilateral relations as their top business challenge in China,along with increasing unce

33、rtainty about the regulatory environment and rising labor costs.Financial performance trends reversed in 2022,estimated to decline again to 2020 levels 34%of members estimated that their 2022 revenue will be lower than 2021.While 2021 saw a trend toward normalization of financial expectations and ge

34、neral market perception,2022 results are similar to reported performance in 2020 when the pandemic began(Figure 9).According to two-thirds of members,much of 2022s financial performance issues can be explained by intermittent regional lockdowns to control local outbreaks(Figure 10).The proportion of

35、 companies forecasting profitability decreased from 59%in 2021 to 44%in 2022.One-in-five members faced losses in 2022.The proportion of companies in the Tech and R&D,Resources&Industrial,and Services sectors expecting to be profitable dropped significantly(Figure 11).For the first time,members are l

36、ess willing to invest in ChinaThis year,less than half of members ranked China as a top three investment priority,marking a significant shift(Figure 26).Nearly half of members(45%)reported that Chinas investment environment is deteriorating,a 31pp uptick from last year and the highest response rate

37、on this answer choice in the last five years.Most members report that they are revising their investment plans for China,opting to make no additional investment or even to decrease investment overall.Uncertainty around Chinas policy environment,the expectation of slower economic growth in China,and

38、overall uncertainty in the US-China economic relationship were cited by members as the top reasons for decreasing investment(Figure 29).Figure 26.Chinas rank in near-term global investment plans图 26.中国在近期全球投资计划中的重要性%By percentage 2040202221172022 First pri

39、ority首要投资目的地 Top three priority前三大投资目的地 One among many destinations众多投资目的地之一 Not a high priority不是优先考虑对象7AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 盈利的企业比例从 2021 年的 59%下降到 2022 年的 44%，五分之一的受访企业在 2022 年面临亏损。技术和研发行业、资源和工业行业和服务行业中预期盈利的会员比例大幅下降（图 11）。中国作为首要投资目的地的企业比例首次出现下降趋势2022 年，不到半数的会员企业

40、将中国列为前三大投资目的地之一，这是首次出现的重大转变（图 26）。近半数的会员（45%）表示中国的投资环境正在恶化，同比上升了 31 个百分点，是过去五年中该选项的最高比例。大多数会员企业表示正在调整在华投资计划，选择不做任何改变，甚至减少投资。会员企业表示减少投资的主要原因包括中国政策环境的不确定性、对中国经济增长放缓的预期，以及中美经贸关系的不确定性（图 29）。会员企业对中国进一步对外资开放的信心不足近半数的会员企业仍然感到在中国“不太受欢迎”，这一趋势自 2020 年以来增加了 11 个百分点（图 38），这可能与限制性技术和互联网相关政策或中美关系日益紧张有关。超过三分之一的受访企

41、业表示，与本土企Figure 39.How are foreign companies in your industry treated by government policies and enforcement actions relative to domestic companies?图 39.与国内公司相比，您所在行业的外资公司受到的待遇如何？%By percentage Foreign companies receive preferential treatment vs.domestic companies相比本土企业，外资企业受到优惠待遇 Foreign companies a

42、re treated equally vs.domestic companies相比本土企业，外资企业受到同等待遇 Foreign companies are treated unfairly vs.domestic companies相比本土企业，外资企业受到不公平待遇Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业20222022202220222022582472326232202034759202133760

43、2021387556 66 66 66 66 64 4108AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Members show restrained confidence in Chinas general openness to foreign companiesNearly half of respondents still report feeling“less welcome”in China,a trend that has risen by 11pp since 2020(Figure 38).This may

44、be related to more restrictive technology and cybersecurity-related regulations or rising tension in the US-China relationship.More than one-third of respondents reported that foreign companies are treated unfairly by government policies and enforcement actions compared to their domestic competitors

45、,which is a 5pp increase since 2021(Figure 40).Additionally,for the second year in a row,uncertainty and lack of confidence rose across all sectors,as members consider whether the government is committed to further opening Chinas market to foreign investment(Figure 43).85%of respondents believe that

46、 innovation and R&D are important for business growth in China,increasing from last year(Figure 57).Members identified the top three barriers to innovation as technology decoupling,restrictive cybersecurity policy,and insufficient IP protection.There is declining sentiment and growing uncertainty ab

47、out IPR enforcement across all sectors during the past five years,although over one-third of respondents reported that Chinas enforcement of IPR improved in the past year.Nearly one-quarter of members say that inadequate IP protection limits investment in China,with difficulty prosecuting IP infring

48、ements and insufficient IP protection as the top two challenges.The majority of members are not considering relocating their supply chain,but there was a 10%increase among those who are considering this optionMost members have no plan to move their supply chain outside of China.However,for the first

49、 time since the pandemic,we see a 10pp increase in the number of companies considering or reporting having already started to relocate manufacturing and sourcing outside Figure 43.How confident are you that the Chinese government is committed to further opening Chinas market to foreign investment in

50、 the coming three years?图 43.您对中国政府在未来三年将进一步向外资开放市场持有多少信心？%By percentage Very confident非常有信心 Confident有信心 Unsure不确定 Not confident没有信心 Very unconfident非常没有信心715 5Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业2022202220222022202211341

51、0525402111413 36 66 66 66 66 65 53 39AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 业相比，外资企业在政策制定和行政执法中受到了不公平的对待，同比上升了 5 个百分点（图 40）。此外，所有行业对中国政策的不确定性和缺乏信心的情况连续两年增加，会员企业对中国是否进一步向外资开放市场表现出信心不足（图 43）。85%的受访企业认为“创新和研发“对在华业务增长十分重要，环比有所增加（图 57）。企业创新的前三大障碍是对科技脱钩的担忧

52、、严格的网络安全政策和知识产权保护不足。在过去五年中，对中国知识产权执法情况持不确定性的会员企业不断上升，尽管超三分之一的会员表示在过去一年中国的知识产权执法情况有所改善。近四分之一的会员表示，知识产权保护不足限制了在中国的投资，难以起诉知识产权侵权行为和对知识产权保护不足是前两大商业挑战。大多数会员企业并未考虑转移供应链，但计划转移产业供应链的会员比例同比增长了10个百分点大多数会员企业没有计划将其供应链转移出中国。然而，自新冠疫情以来，考虑或已经开始将生产和采购转移至中国境外的企业比例首次增加了 10 个百分点。在 24%考虑转移的企业中，有三分之一计划将业务迁回美国，比 2021 年增加

53、 6 个百分点，这可能与中美关系日益紧张有关（图 37）。Figure 60.In the last year,Chinas enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)has:图 60.在过去一年中，中国在知识产权法律法规执行方面%By percentage Improved改善 Stayed the same保持不变 Deteriorated恶化 Unsure不确定20022692944328252 21 13 32 210AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Cl

54、imate Survey Report of China.Among the 24%of members considering moving capacity outside of China,one-third plan to move operations back to the US,up 6pp from 2021.This may be related to rising tension in US-China relations(Figure 37).Members top three human resource challenges include US-China rela

55、tions and people-related costsMembers report that their top three human resources challenges are US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns(43%),labor costs(37%),and rising salary and wage costs(31%)(Figure 49).In this years survey,51%of members reported that their top expatriate candidates were un

56、willing to move to China,up 21pp from last year(Figure 53).As quarantine for international arrivals officially ended on January 8,2023,it is expected that the travel situation will improve once international flights return to pre-pandemic levels.It remains unclear whether increased ease of travel wi

57、ll be able to reverse the trend of expatriate staff unwilling to move to China.Members are taking action to leverage ESG strategies in China operations80%of respondents report that they are taking or plan to take action to implement Environmental(E),Social(S),and Governance(G)strategies in China(Fig

58、ure 23).Members believe such efforts will improve their brand image and help with talent recruitment and retention(Figure 24).73%of members ranked Diversity,Equity,and Inclusion(DEI)as their top ESG Figure 35.Is your company considering,or has it already begun the process of relocating manufacturing

59、 or sourcing outside of China?图 35.贵公司是否开始，或考虑开始将生产或采购转移至中国境外？%By percentage No,we are not considering relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China不，我们没有打算将制造或采购转移出 中国 Yes,we are considering relocating but have not taken active steps to relocate manufacturing or sourcing outside of China ye

60、t是的，我们在考虑但还未采取任何措施将制造或采购转移出中国 Yes,we have started the process of relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China是的，我们已开始将制造或采购转移出 中国 Other其他20202021202283872 283773 37412122 2Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业189702 2 33 313137411AmCham Chinas 202

61、3 China Business Climate Survey Report“中美关系”和“人力资源相关成本”是会员企业面临的主要人力资源挑战会员企业表示在人力资源方面的前三大挑战包括“中美关系紧张和地缘局势恶化”（43%）、“整体人力成本增加”（37%）和“薪资成本上涨”（31%）（图 49）。在今年的调查中，51%的会员表示，公司外籍候选人不愿意前往中国工作，该比例较去年增加了 21 个百分点（图 53）。随着 2023 年 1 月 8 日起中国进一步放宽新冠疫情防控措施，国际航班预计将逐步恢复到新冠疫情前的水平。但对外籍人才是否愿意重返中国仍充满未知。会员企业在华实施“环境、社会责任和公

62、司治理”（ESG）战略80%的受访企业表示正在或计划在中国实施“环境（E）、社会责任（S）和公司治理（G）”战略（图 23）。会员认为该战略有利于公司树立在华商业品牌形象，并确保持续招聘和留存人才（图 24）。73%的会员将多元、平等和包容（DEI）列为在华 ESG 战略的首要焦点，其次是公司治理和商业道德（72%）。约 60%的会员企业表示其在华 ESG 战略关注气候变化议题（图 25）。Figure 53.Significant challenges to recruit and retain expatriate talent to work in China图 53.招聘和留住在华外籍

63、工作人员的显著挑战Qualified candidates unable to move to China合格候选人无法搬到中国Internet/media censorship互联网/媒体审查Individual Income Tax regulations 新个人所得税法Bilateral tensions and other geopolitical concerns双边关系紧张和其它地缘政治因素Poor air quality空气质量问题High cost of living and payroll costs生活和工资成本高Other health and safety concer

64、ns 其他健康和安全问题Other 其他Qualified candidates unwilling to move to China合格候选人不愿意搬到中国Slowing Chinese economy中国经济增长放缓Food/water safety concerns食品/用水安全顾虑53639189%By percentage 2022 202112AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report strategy in China,followed by Go

65、vernance and business ethics(72%).Around 60%of members report that the ESG strategies focused on climate change(Figure 25).Tensions between the US and China remain the top business challenge,and improved relations are seen as vital for business growthMembers report that uncertainty in bilateral rela

66、tions is their top business challenge in China,according to 66%of respondents(Figure 21).This is especially true in the Tech and R&D sector,as the US and China are facing off over semiconductors.Such a contest may be a harbinger of further deterioration in their relationship.About half of members be

67、lieve bilateral relations will deteriorate,nearly twice the proportion of members compared to the previous three years(Figure 66).Many hope that high-level bilateral engagement and the brokering of new agreements between the US and China will benefit the business community.Regarding implementation o

68、f the Phase One Trade Deal,at least one-third of members remain uncertain about how it impacts their business(Figure 68).60%of members hope that future bilateral trade talks will result in further opening of Chinese markets to foreign companies,up 17pp from last year,and 43%are looking for further r

69、eductions in tariffs,up 17pp from the previous year(Figure 69).Both the US and the Chinese governments have a critical role to play.Members priority suggestions for the US and China governments are to refrain from aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions towards each other in order to establish a

70、 floor under the deteriorating relationship.Figure 23.Does your company implement Environmental(E),Social(S),and Governance(G)strategies in China operations?图 23.贵公司在中国是否实施了“环境、社会责任和公司治理”（ESG）战略？%By percentage 737128Services服务行业59131513Consumer消费行业682174Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业6316129Tech and R&D

71、技术和研发行业6681412 Yes,we have an ESG strategy in China and it is aligned with our global ESG strategy是的。我们在华的 ESG 战略与公司总部的 ESG 战略一致 Yes,we modified our global ESG strategy and tailored it for the China market是的。我们对公司的 ESG 战略进行了优化，以更适应中国市场整体战略 Our company has an ESG strategy at the global level,but has

72、not implemented it in China yet 我们公司在全球总部层面有ESG 战略，但目前在华没有实施 Our company does not have an ESG strategy我们公司没有 ESG 战略13AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report“中美关系紧张”仍然是最大商业挑战，双边关系改善对会员企业在华业务增长至关重要66%的受访企业表示，中美双边关系的不确定性是在华运营的首要商业挑战（图 21），技术和研发行业尤其如此。随着中美在半导体方面的竞争日益激烈，这可能预示着双边关系进一步恶化。约半

73、数的会员企业认为中美双边关系将继续恶化，该比例几乎是三年前的两倍（图 66）。会员企业希望能进一步得益于中美双边持续的经贸会谈。关于中美第一阶段贸易协议，至少有三分之一的会员仍然不确定协定对企业在华营商的影响（图 68）。60%的会员企业希望未来的双边贸易谈判能进一步向外资开放中国市场（比例比去年上升 17 个百分点），43%的会员企业希望进一步降低关税（比去年上升 17 个百分点）（图 69）。中美两国政府都对在华美资企业的运营发挥关键作用。会员提出的首要建议是两国政府避免使用激烈的言辞和采取针锋相对的行动。Figure 65.Importance of positive bilateral

74、 relations between China and the US to your companys business growth in China图 65.良好的中美双边关系对贵公司在华业务增长的重要性%By percentage Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业 Extremely important极其重要 Not important不重要 Not at all important完全不重要 Very important非常重要 Somewhat important比较重要1

75、06452653 33 33 33 32 22 21 114AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 2023 Survey Methodology2023 年调查方法Survey respondents represent enterprises of various sizes from a broad range of industries,including many with global operations.We continue to group these ind

76、ustries into four sectors for further data analysis:Technology&other R&D-intensive industries(Tech and R&D),Resources and Industrial(R&I),Consumer(products and services),and Services.This year,we added new questions about members Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)strategy in China,and continue

77、 to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the business environment in China.受访者来自各行各业且规模不一，但其中很多都有全球业务。为进一步分析数据，本调查报告将这些行业分为四大类：科技和其他研发密集型行业（技术与研发行业），资源和工业行业，消费行业（包含产品和服务），以及服务行业。今年，我们还针对会员在中国实施 环境、社会责任和公司治理“（ESG）战略”增加了新的调研问题。我们持续关注新冠疫情对中国营商环境的影响。Note:Chart totals are rounded to the nearest percent.注：由于

78、四舍五入，各数据之和可能不等于总额（100%）15AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 1.Number of employees图 1.雇员人数Figure 3.Respondents position图 3.受访者职位Figure 4.Where does your company have a legal presence?图 4.贵企业在哪些国家有依法注册的办公场所？Less than 250小于 250 人Senior-level country manager(CEO,VP,Managing D

79、irector,Chief Representative)中国高管级别（包括 CEO，副总裁，总经理，董事总经理，首席代表）Director of government relations or public relations department政府关系或公共关系部门总监Director/functional leader of other department(e.g.,HR Director,Finance Director,Sales Director,COO)总监/其他职能部门主管（如：人力资源部总监，财务总监，销售总监，首席运营官等）China,US,and outside of

80、 China and the US中国，美国和中美以外的其他国家和地区China only只有中国Both China and the US中国和美国China,and outside of the US中国，中国和美国以外的其他国家和地区Outside of both China and the US中国和美国以外的其他国家和地区US only只有美国US,and outsite of China美国，中国和美国以外的其他国家和地区Other其他250 to 1,000250 人-1000 人1,001 to 2,0001001 人-2000 人2,001 to 5,0002001 人-50

81、00 人More than 5,000大于 5000 人396018%By percentage%By percentage Figure 2.Revenue(2021 USD estimate)图 2.2022 年营收（单位：美元，估值）Less than 10 million小于 1,000 万元10 to 100 million1,000 万元 1 亿元100 to 500 million1 亿元 5 亿元10 to 50 billion100 亿元 500 亿元500 million to 1 billion5 亿元 10 亿元More than 50 billi

82、on大于 500 亿元1 to 10 billion10 亿元 100 亿元Did not answer未回复2622115%By percentage%By percentage 2321216AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 5.Where are the customers that your company primarily serves?图 5.贵企业主要服务哪些国家的客户?Figure 6.What percentage of your companys global

83、 revenues did China account for in 2021?图 6.2021 年贵企业在中国营收占全球营收的比例如何？Both customers in China and outside of China中国和中国以外其他国家和地区的客户 Customers in China中国客户 Customers outside of China中国以外其它国家和地区的客户35542403 32%By percentage 10%10-25%25-35%35-50%50%or more大于 50%Did not answer未回复%By

84、percentage 5045417AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 7.Members main business models in China by sector图 7.不同行业会员在中国的主要商业模式%By percentage Produce or source goods or services in China for the China market针对中国市场，在华生产或提供产品或服务 Import goods or services into China进口产品或服务到中国 Othe

85、r其他 Produce or source goods or services in China for markets other than the US or China针对中美两国以外市场，在华生产或提供产品或服务 Produce or source goods or services in China for the US market针对美国市场，在华生产或提供产品或服务202220222202222025027224405664 45 54 46616133 32 2533

86、64 44 44 44 44 4857291 15 56 35 5Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial工业和资源行业Services服务行业Other其他行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业775320165 575818134 418AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 8.Survey respondents were segmented into four main categories图 8.将受访企业所属行业分为四大类别 Aerospace

87、航天航空 Healthcare Products(e.g.,Pharmaceuticals,Medical Technology)医疗产品（如制药、医疗器械）Technology/TelecommunicationsHardware 科技/电信硬件 Technology/telecommunicationsServices 科技/电信服务 Consumer Products 消费品 Retail and Distribution 零售与分销 Healthcare Services 医疗服务 Education 教育 Media and Entertainment 媒体与娱乐 Hospitali

88、ty and Travel&Leisure 酒店、旅游与休闲 Social&Public Sector/nonprofit(including industry associations)社会和公共事业/非营利机构（包括行业协会）Other(e.g.Supply Chain Mgmt,Manufacturing,Product development and sourcing,investment and trade)其它行业（如：供应链管理、产品开发和外包，投资和贸易等）Financial Services(e.g.,Banking,Insurance)金融服务（如银行、保险）Real Es

89、tate and Development 房地产和开发 Transportation and Logistics 运输与物流 Investing(e.g.,Private Equity,Venture Capital)投资（如私募股权、风险投资）Other Services(e.g.,Law,Human Resources,Accounting,Marketing,Advertising and PR,Research,Consulting)其他服务（如法律、人力资源、会计、市场营销、广告和公关、调研、咨询）Agribusiness 农业 Automotive&Transportation V

90、ehicles 汽车&交通工具 Machinery,Equipment,Systems&Controls 机械、设备、系统和控制 Oil&Gas/Energy 石油&天然气/能源 Other Industrial (e.g.,Chemicals,Mining,Paper&Packaging)其他工业领域（如化学品、采矿、造纸与包装）Technology&other R&D-intensive industries(Tech and R&D)技术和研发行业(n=65)Consumer消费行业(n=83)Resources&Industrial 工业和资源行业(n=67)Services服务行业(

91、n=78)Other其他行业(n=26)Performance Snapshot 绩效速览1.20AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceIn 2022,Chinas COVID-19 prevention measures shook the overall performance of the US business community in China.The results was a slightly more pessimistic business climate than in 2021.20

92、22 revenue is estimated to have further declined down to the 2020 level,with over one-third of respondents(34%)reporting a decline in revenue(Figure 9).Some 56%of members do not expect to be profitable,the highest percentage since the pandemic began in 2020(Figure 11).In addition,only 19%of members

93、predicted their 2022 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes(EBIT)margins would rise,a 26pp decline compared to last year(Figure 12).Business growth in China operations of 50%remained the key driver(Figure 13).Meanwhile,those experiencing declining EBIT margins were much more likely to be impacted by COV

94、ID-19 compared to 2021(Figure 12),with intermittent lockdowns hurting businesses,especially in the Consumer and Services sectors(Figure 14).前 言2022 年，新冠疫情防控措施影响了在华美国企业的整体业务表现。营商环境呈现整体悲观趋势。2022 年会员企业预估营收再次跌落至 2020 年水平，超过 1/3 的受访企业（34%）反映其营收下降（图 9）。约 56%的会员企业预估不会盈利，该比例为自新冠肺炎疫情以来的最高值（图 11）。此外，仅 19%的会员预

95、估其 2022 年的息税前利润率（EBIT）将上升，所占比例较去年下降了 26 个百分点（图 12）。50%的会员认为“中国市场的业务增长”仍然是公司息税前利润率增长的关键驱动力（图 13）。同时，相比前一年，新冠疫情防控措施成为受访企业息税前利润率下降主要因素（图 12），间歇性的封锁隔离措施阻碍了会员企业业务开展，尤其是消费行业和服务行业（图 14）。21AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Compared to 2021,2022 revenue is estimated to have declined aga

96、in to 2020 levels与 2021 年相比，2022 年营收预估下滑至 2020 年水平Figure 9.How does the estimated 2022 revenue of your companys China operations compare with 2021 results?图 9.2022 年贵公司在华业务的经营收入预计与 2021 年相比有何变化？%By percentage 3234344534214Up上升Comparable(2%)持平Down下降202120202019Consumer消费行业26205420215027232

97、0222022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业383725202Services服务行业3234342021682662022TechandR&D技术和研发行业4926252021622992022Overone-thirdofrespondentsreportedtheirestimated2022revenuedecreasedcom-paredtolastyear,andoverallrevenueperformancedeclinedto2020levels.Only32%oftherespondentsestimatedtheirannua

98、lrevenuewouldincrease,a26ppdecreasecom-paredto2021.Allsectorssawrevenuelossincrease,albeittodifferentdegrees.TheConsumersectorexperiencedasignificantdecreaseinrevenue,withnearlyhalfofrespondentsestimat-ingarevenuedecline.Suchlossesmaybeexplainedbytheintermittentlockdownsthroughout2022,whichforcedbus

99、inessestoreduceoperations.超过三分之一的受访企业表示，预计 2022 年营收同比下降，整体营收表现下滑至 2020 年水平。仅 32%的受访企业预计其年收入会增加，比 2021 年减少 26 个百分点。所有行业会员企业的营收损失都在不同程度上增加。消费行业的营收大幅减少，近半数的该行业受访企业预计营收下降，其主要原因是全年的间歇性封锁隔离措施迫使企业减少运营能力。22AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report The pandemic and COVID-19 prevention measures

100、deepened revenue losses 疫情及相关防控措施加剧了营收损失Figure 10.To what extent do you expect 2022 revenue results to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic,specifically intermittent lockdowns to control local outbreaks within China?图 10.您预计贵公司 2022 年在华营收受新冠肺炎疫情影响程度如何？%By percentage 2022Around70%ofmembersintheConsum

101、ersectorexpectedrevenuetodecreaseduetothepandemic(specificallylockdowns).8%ofConsumersectorrespondentsestimatedthattheir2022expectedrevenuewoulddecreaseby50%ormore,thehighestacrossallsectors.However,one-quarterofrespondentsintheResourcesandIndustrialsectorestimatedthattheir2022revenuewouldincreasedu

102、etolockdowns.Some15%ofTechandR&Dindustryrespondentsbelievedtheirestimated2022revenuewasnotimpactedbyCOVID-19preven-tionmeasures.在消费行业中，约 70%的受访企业预计营收会因新冠疫情（尤其是封锁隔离）而减少，近 8%消费行业受访企业估计 2022 年预期营收将减少 50%以上，在所有行业中降幅最大。1/4 的资源和工业行业会员认为预期营收将增加，在所有行业中占比最高。约 15%的技术和研发行业会员认为其2022 年的预期营收没有受到新冠疫情防控措施的影响。Increa

103、seby5%比预计增长 5%Increaseby5%-10%比预计增长5-10%Increaseby10%ormore比预计增长10%以上Decreaseby5%比预计降低 5%Decreaseby5%-10%比预计降低5%-10%Decreaseby25%-35%比预计降低25%-35%Decreaseby35%-50%比预计降低35%-50%Decreaseby35%-50%比预计降低35%-50%Noexpectedimpact预计没有影响Unsure/Other不确定/其它Decreaseby10%-25%比预计降低10%-25%467 33 3557121619

104、878758555265172917158Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业TechandR&D技术和研发行业2 23 31 12 22 22 22 22 223AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 56%of members expect not to have been profitable in 2022,the highest proportion since the pandemic began56%

105、的会员预计 2022 年不会盈利，为自疫情以来的最高值Concernsovermarketadjustmentshaveloweredcompanyconfidenceinyear-on-yeargrowth.TheCOVID-19preventionmeasuresfurtherimpactedmembercompaniesprofitsin2022,with56%ofmembersanticipatingtheircompanywouldnotbeprofitable.MembersintheResources&IndustrialandServicessectorsreportedthe

106、largestprofitlossescomparedto2021,at25ppand22pplosses,respectively.AlthoughtheConsumersectorsawonlyaslightdecreaseinprofitability(5pplowerthanin2021),thesectorsufferedacon-tinuingdeclineinprofitabilityduringthepandemic.对市场调整的担忧持续削弱企业对市场增长前景的信心。新冠疫情防控措施进一步影响了会员企业在 2022 年的利润，56%的受访企业预计不会盈利。与 2021 年相比，

107、资源和工业行业以及服务行业的利润损失最大，分别损失 25 个百分点和 22 个百分点。尽管消费行业的盈利仅略有减少（同比下降 5 个百分点），但该行业在疫情三年期间经历了持续的利润损失。Figure 11.How would you characterize your companys financial performance in China in 2022?图 11.2022 年贵公司在华业务的营收状况如何？%By percentage Veryprofitable大幅盈利Profitable盈利Breakeven基本持平Loss亏损Largeloss大幅亏损737

108、84694202621276TechandR&D技术和研发行业20212022Services服务行业20212022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业202951231394Consumer消费行业202220263751571 11 11 28102 263 3524AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report EBIT margins nearly returned to

109、2020 levels,although there were large declines in the Consumer and Services sectors compared to 2021息税前利润率也降至 2020 年水平，消费行业和服务行业同比下降幅度最大Whileoverhalfofrespondentsreportedbeingnotprofitablein2022,theyalsoreportedasharpdeclineinEBITmarginsin2022.40%ofrespondentssaidtheir2022EBITmarginsweredowncompared

110、to2021,a24ppin-crease.TheServicessectorsawthebiggestEBITmargindecrease,as44%ofsectorrespondentsreportedEBITmarginsdownin2022,a38ppincrease.TheTechandR&DsectorandResources&IndustrialsectorsawthehighestEBITmarginincreases,withone-fourthofrespondentsreportingEBITmar-ginincreasesdespitetheoverallbusines

111、schallengesinChina.由于超过半数的受访企业表示 2022 年没有盈利，其 2022 年息税前利润率也大幅下降。40%的受访企业表示其 2022 年息税前利润同比有所下降，上涨了 24 个百分点。服务行业的息税前利润率下降幅度最大，44%的受访企业表示 2022 年息税前利润率有所下降，占比上涨了 38 个百分点。尽管在华整体业务面临挑战，技术和研发行业的息税前利润率增幅最大，有 1/4 的受访企业表示其息税前利润率上升。Figure 12.How do the estimated 2022 EBIT margins of your companys China operati

112、ons compare with those of 2021?图 12.贵公司 2022 年在华业务的息税前利润率预计与 2021 年息税前利润率相比如何？%By percentage 45444216Up上升Comparable(2%)持平Down下降202120202019Consumer消费行业2024920222022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业202202022Services服务行业20242022TechandR&D技术和研发行业20215434

113、225AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Business growth ranked as the primary driver for increased EBIT margins in 2022“业务增长“是 2022 年息税前利润率增长的主要驱动因素Figure 13.What was the primary driver for increased EBIT margins?图 13.息税前利润上升的主要驱动因素%By percentage Amongthe19%ofrespondent

114、swhoreportedhigherEBITmarginsfor2022,overallbusinessgrowthwasperceivedasthekeydriveracrossallthesectors.UnliketheResources&Industrialsector,however,theConsumer,ServicesandTechandR&Dsectorswerebelowthesurveyaverage,withmorerespondentsattributingsomecredittothelaunchofneworimprovedproductsandservicesi

115、ntothemarket,consistentwiththetrendsin2021.19%的受访企业表示其2022年息税前利润率增加，“整体业务增长”是关键驱动力。然而，除了资源和工业行业外，消费行业、服务行业和技术与研发行业均低于全行业平均值，部分受访企业将其息税前利润率的增长归功于全新或改进产品和服务，与去年的数据趋势一致。Overallbusinessgrowth总体业务增长Neworimprovedproductsandservices全新或已改进的产品和服务Costreductions降低成本Other其他Improvedindustryconditions行业状况改善Otherf

116、actorsdirectlyrelatedtoCOVID-19其他和新冠肺炎疫情直接相关的因素Consumer消费行业20212022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业20212022Services服务行业20212022TechandR&D技术和研发行业202662286253 35625666707581815333 344441137014553 33 35029933526AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Members view COVID-

117、19 as a bigger driver of down EBIT margins compared to last year(up 2030pp since 2021)新冠肺炎疫情是企业息税前利润率下降的首要因素Figure 14.For those who selected Down,what was the primary driver?图 14.息税前利润下降的主要驱动因素%By percentage COVID-19remainedthetopdriveroflowerEBITmarginsin2022,with43%reportingitastheprimarydriver,a2

118、3ppincreasecomparedto2021.COVID-19especiallyshockedEBITmar-ginsintheConsumer(65%)andServices(45%)sectors,representing29ppand25ppupticks,respectively,comparedto2021.Notably,24%oftheTechandR&DsectormemberssaidthatdeterioratingUS-ChinarelationswastheprimarydriverforlowerEBITmargins,toppingrefer-encesto

119、theimpactofCOVID-19inthatsector.“新冠肺炎疫情”仍然是 2022 年会员企业息税前利润率下降的首要因素，持此观点的受访企业占 43%，较 2021 年增加了 23 个百分点。65%的消费行业会员和 45%的服务行业会员表示新冠疫情严重影响其息税前利润率，分别同比增长29个百分比和25个百分比。值得注意的是，24%的技术与研发行业会员表示“中美关系恶化”是其息税前利润率下降的主要因素，超过了新冠疫情的影响。COVID-19related新冠肺炎疫情相关的因素CompetitionfromprivatelyownedChinesecompanies中国民企的竞争Co

120、mpetitionfromstate-ownedenterprises中国国企的竞争Deterioratingindustryconditions行业状况恶化Lackofneworimprovedproductsandservices产品服务开发、改进不足Lessfavorableregulatoryenvironment不利的监管环境Slowingbusinessgrowth总体业务增速下滑Other其他DeterioratingUS-Chinarelations中美关系恶化Increaseincosts成本增加433Consumer消费行业2022Resources&

121、Industrial资源和工业行业20212022Services服务行业20212022TechandR&D技术和研发行业6442020882040407729842022202165510853 33 33 34512156183 327AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Nearly 50%of respondents say their estimated EBIT margins were comparable to th

122、eir global margins近半数受访者预估其在华业务的息税前利润率与全球其他地区持平Figure 15.How do the estimated EBIT margins of your companys China operations compare with your companys global margins in 2022?图 15.2022 年贵公司在华业务的息税前利润率与全球息税前利润率相比如何？%By percentage Nearlyhalfofrespondents(48%)acrossallsectorsreportedthattheires-timated

123、2022EBITmarginswereonaparwiththeircompanysglobalop-erations,continuingthetrendofrecentyears.ThebiggestchangefromlastyearwasseenintheConsumerandServicessectors.TheConsumerandServicessectorsreported21ppand20ppincreases,respectively,inthosewhoseChinaEBITmarginswerebelowglobalmargins.近半数受访企业（48%）预计 2022

124、 年在华业务的息税前利润率与全球其他地区持平，占比延续了近年来的趋势。与去年相比，最大的不同来自于消费行业和服务行业。在消费行业中，表示在华业务息税前利润率水平低于全球其他地区的企业占比上升了21 个百分点；在服务行业中，这一比例上升了20 个百分点。0264826245026Up上升Comparable(2%)持平Down下降202120202019Consumer消费行业2022520222022Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业202302022Services服务行业202212

125、022TechandR&D技术和研发行业202282022Business Operations and Goals商业运营和经营目标2.29AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceThe near-term outlook for China continued to grow less optimistic,especially in domestic market growth(down 22pp),profitability potential(down 23pp),and ec

126、onomic recovery and growth(down 24pp)(Figure 16).US-China tensions remained the top business challenge for many member companies,a 10pp increase from last year,while COVID-19 prevention measures appeared on the list of the top five challenges(Figure 20).Additionally,pandemic-related restrictions on

127、business travel remained the core problem for US companies doing business in China,with 53%of respondents reporting no change in investment plans given the impact of COVID-related travel disruption.The Tech and R&D sector highlighted new challenges around concerns over data security,inconsistent reg

128、ulatory interpretation and unclear laws and enforcement,and rising Chinese protectionism,suggesting an increasingly unfavorable environment for companies in this sector.For companies in the Resources and Industrial sector,“Intellectual property rights infringement”became a new challenge compared to

129、2021.Services sector members also experienced shortages of qualified employees,with 23%of members expressing concern.(Figure 21)80%of members reported that they are taking action to implement Environmental(E),Social(S),and Governance(G)strategies in China operations.The majority of respondents lever

130、aged this strategy to enhance their positive business image for the China market(Figure 24).Members ESG best practices in China focused on Diversity,Equity,and Inclusion(DEI),governance and business ethics,and community contributions(Figure 25).前 言受访企业对在华业务中短期前景所持的乐观态度持续降低，尤其针对中国市场增长（同比下降 22 个百分点）、盈

131、利潜力（同比下降 23 个百分点）以及经济复苏及增长（同比下降 24 个百分点）等方面（图 16）。“中美关系紧张”仍然是许多会员企业面临的首要商业挑战，比去年增加了 10 个百分点。2022 年，新冠疫情防控措施成为五大商业挑战之一（图 20）。此外，与新冠疫情相关的商务出行干扰仍然是在华开展业务的跨国企业的核心问题，53%的受访企业表示，鉴于新冠疫情相关出行干扰，其在华投资计划没有改变。技术和研发行业强调了对数据安全的担忧、法律法规和/或执法不一致/不明确以及中国保护主义不断升级的新挑战，这表明该行业企业所处营商环境日趋不利。对于资源和工业行业的企业来说，与去年相比，“知识产权侵权”已成为

132、一个新的挑战。服务行业也遇到了合格员工短缺的问题，23%的受访企业对此表示担忧（图 21）。80%的会员表示正推进在中国运营中实施“环境（E）、社会责任（S）和公司治理（G）”战略。大多数受访企业利用该战略提高在华市场的积极商业形象（图 24）。会员在中国的 ESG 最佳实践集中在多元、平等和包容（DEI）、公司治理和商业道德以及社会贡献等方面（图 25）。30AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Compared to last year,members optimism is down across almost a

133、ll sectors与 2021 年相比，会员企业对在华中短期的业务展望乐观度下降Figure 16.Two-year business outlook in China图 16.贵公司对今后两年的中国业务展望MemberspessimismincreasedacrosssevenaspectsofbusinessoperationsinChina.Thiswasmostprofoundlyseeninresponsetodomesticmarketgrowth(31%,an18ppincreasecomparedtolastyear),profitability(31%,15ppincrea

134、secomparedtolastyear),andeconomicrecovery(39%,a23ppincreasecomparedtolastyear).MembersoutlookforUS-Chinarelationsalsoremainedpessimisticas73%ofrespondentsbelievedthatbilateralrelationswillcontinuetodeteriorate.会员企业对在华商业运营所表现出的悲观情绪持续增加。针对中国市场增长（31%，同比增加了 18 个百分点）、盈利潜力（31%，同比增加了 15 个百分点）和经济复苏/增长（39%，同

135、比增加了 23 个百分点）等方面体现的最为明显。会员企业对中美关系的前景也保持悲观态度，73%的受访企业认为双边关系将继续恶化。2.1 Growth Outlook and Opportunities增长前景与机遇%By percentage Optimistic乐观Slightlyoptimistic较为乐观Neutral中立Slightlypessimistic略微悲观Pessimistic悲观29US-Chinarelations中美关系Regulatoryenvironment监管环境Economicrecovery/growth经济复苏/增长Profitabilitypotentia

136、l盈利潜力Costcompetitive-ness/costlevels成本竞争力/成本水平Competitivepressure竞争压力Domesticmarketgrowth国内市场增长202220232022202333320222022202220222023202357829202320239332703 325528131245273 37263722124428133 37203637393174 41431AmCham Chinas 2023 Ch

137、ina Business Climate Survey Report Expectations for industry market growth in 2023 are lower than in 2022 across all sectors所有行业受访企业均预计 2023 年的市场增长情况要低于 2022 年水平Figure 17.Forecast for your industrys market growth in 2023 vs.2022 图 17.与 2022 年相比，预计 2023 年行业市场的增长情况%By percentage Comparedto2022,surveyr

138、espondentsloweredtheirexpectationsforindustrymar-ketgrowthfor2023,with36%believingtheirindustrywouldnotseeanypotentialgrowth,a17ppincreaseoverlastyear.Some44%ofServicessectorrespondentsreportedanegativeviewofmarketgrowthexpectations,a28ppincreasecomparedto2021.TheResources&Industrialsectoralsosawani

139、ncreaseinnegativemarketgrowthexpectations,accordingto40%ofsectormembers.与 2022 年相比，受访企业调低了 2023 年对行业市场增长的预期。36%的受访企业认为他们的行业不会出现任何潜在的增长，所占比例同比上升了 17 个百分点。在服务行业中，44%的受访企业对市场增长预期持负面看法，所占比例同比上升了 28 个百分点。在资源和工业行业中，40%的受访企业表达了负面的市场增长预期。20222023312353012Morethan20%超过 20%10-20%10-20%5-10%5-10%Und

140、er5%增长低于5%Flat零增长Negative负增长TechandR&D技术和研发行业20222023Services服务行业20222023Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业20222023Consumer消费行业20235233626057303415113 31826524243 35111241301 1113 31935615223 33 332AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report COVID-19 prevention

141、measures continue to negatively impact business operations in China 新冠疫情防控措施对在华商业运营产生持续的负面影响Financial impact财务影响Figure 18.Extent of COVID-19 pandemic impact on 2022 business operations in China图 18.2022 年新冠肺炎疫情对商业运营的影响程度%By percentage Significantpositiveimpact显著的正面影响Slightpositiveimpact微小的正面影响Noimpa

142、ct没有影响Slightnegativeimpact微小的负面影响Significantnegativeimpact显著的负面影响Unsure不确定Cashflows现金流Profitability盈利能力Revenues收入Demandforourproductsandservices产品与服务的需求Salespriceforourproductsandservices产品与服务的销售价格5653048393943402116253019Costofproductsandservices产品与服务的成本1 12 23 32 21 12.2 Investment Outl

143、ook投资前景3 32 21 12 251649261 13 34 433AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 26Human resources人力资源Travel disruptions出行干扰Employeeturnover员工离职ITforremotework用于远程办公的IT 技术Workforceproductiv-ity/efficiency劳动生产率/效率Rewardandcompensation薪酬及奖励Recruitment招聘Employeeheadcount员工人数Abilityforlocals

144、tafftoreturntoChinaduetolackofcommercialflights由于商业航班不足，本地员工返回中国的能力AbilityforexpatriatestafftocomeorreturntoChinaduetoentryrestrictionsbytheChinesegovernment由于中国政府的入境限制，外派工作人员、外籍员工往返中国的能力AbilityofChinesestafftoundertakebusinesstraveltotheUS中国员工赴美出差Localquarantinepolicies本地隔离政策Domesticbusinesstravel国

145、内商务旅行Globalbusinesstravel全球商务旅行54734112 21 1123617841 11 11 11 11 11 14 41 11 11 11 11 152349211 1521711 1125224101 11 11428541 11 154732122 22 2711 163835153 32 260761 11 11 11 134AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Onthebrightsideofthisyearssurveyresults,amajorityof

146、respondentsreportedthattheextendedCOVID-19preventionmeasuresdidnotimpacthumanresources-relatedissues.However,70%ofrespondentsreportedthattheirworkforceproductivity/efficiencywasnegativelyimpactedtovaryingdegrees,andsome31%ofrespondentssaythattheircompanysITforremoteworkwaspositivelyimpacted.In2022,C

147、OVID-19preventionmeasuresbegantoimpactmembersfinan-cialperformance,especiallydemandforproductsandservices,with64%reportinganegativeimpact.MemberscontinuedtoexpressgreaternegativityanduncertaintyaboutCOVID-19preventionmeasuresontravelandmanufacturing.Traveldis-ruptionsimpactedmembersinternationaltrav

148、elplansandsignificantlyrestrictedtheirdomestictravel.96%ofrespondentsreportedanegativeimpactondomesticbusinesstravel,and97%reportedanegativeimpactfromlocalquarantinepolicies.Internationaltransportationcostsalsoin-creasedduetoCOVID-19preventionmeasures,with51%ofrespondentsexperiencingasignificantnega

149、tiveimpact.从积极的方面来看，大多数受访企业表示，持续的新冠疫情防控措施并未影响到公司人力资源相关业务。然而，70%的受访企业表示其员工劳动生产率/效率在不同程度上受到了负面影响。约 31%的受访企业表示，新冠疫情对远程办公所需的信息技术产生积极影响。2022 年，新冠疫情防控措施开始影响会员企业的财务表现，64%的受访企业表示对产品和服务的需求产生负面影响。受访企业对新冠疫情防控措施影响商务出行和生产表达出更显著的消极态度和不确定性。出行干扰不仅影响了企业的国际出行计划，还限制了其国内出行计划。96%的受访企业表示新冠疫情防控措施对国内商务出行有负面影响，97%的受访企业表达了对地

150、方防疫政策的负面影响。国际运输成本也因新冠疫情防控措施而增加，51%的受访企业因此受到严重负面影响。Internationaltransportationcosts国际运输成本Warehousingoperations仓储业务Plantoperations工厂运营能力Abilityforchannelpartnerstodistributeand/orsellproducts渠道合作伙伴分销和/或销售产品的能力Abilityofsupplierstoprovidematerials,parts,orcomponents国外或国内供应商提供材料或零部件的能力Manufacturing制 造131

151、7463434262923514 42 21 13 31 12 21 12 23 34 41 13 33 335AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Over half of respondents report no change in investment plans despite COVID-related travel disruptions近半数受访者表示，虽然新冠疫情防控措施干扰出行，在华投资计划不变Figure 19.Impact of COVID-related travel di

152、sruptions on 2022 China-related investment decisions(US$)图 19.新冠肺炎疫情导致的出行限制对 2022 年在华投资决策的影响（美元）%By percentage Increasedinvestmentby10million追加投资不超过 1000 万美元Increasedinvestmentby10-25million追加投资 10002500 万美元Increasedinvestmentby25-50million追加投资 25005000 万美元Increasedinvestmentby50millionormore追加投资 50

153、00 万美元以上Decreasedinvestmentby10million减少投资不超过 1000 万美元Decreasedinvestmentby25-50million减少投资 25005000 万美元Decreasedinvestmentby50millionormore减少投资 5000 万美元以上Nochangeininvestmentplans投资计划不变Unsure不确定Other其他Decreasedinvestmentby10-25million减少投资 10002500 万美元33336AmCham Chinas 2023 China Busines

154、s Climate Survey Report Figure 19.Impact of COVID-related travel disruptions on 2022 China-related investment decisions(US$)图 19.新冠肺炎疫情导致的出行限制对 2022 年在华投资决策的影响（美元）%By percentage WhileCOVID-19preventionmeasuressignificantlyimpacted2022businessop-erations,overhalfofrespondents(53%)reportednochangeinth

155、eirChina-relatedinvestmentdecisions.However,another21%ofrespondentssaidtheydecreasedinvestmentduetoCOVID-19-relatedtrav-eldisruptions.TheConsumerandTechandR&Dsectorssawthebiggestincreaseinchoosingtodecreaseinvestment(32%ofConsumersectormembersand28%ofTechandR&Dsectormembers).尽管新冠疫情防控措施对 2022 年的营商情况产

156、生了重大影响，超过半数的受访企业（53%）表示他们并未改变在华投资计划。然而，仍有 22%的受访企业表示新冠疫情防控措施对出行的干扰致使公司减少了投资。消费行业和技术与研发行业选择削减投资的企业占比增幅最大。32%的消费行业会员表示决定减少投资，28%的技术与研发行业会员做出了同样的决定。57244TechandR&D技术和研发行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业Increasedinvestmentby10million追加投资不超过 1000 万美元Increasedinves

157、tmentby10-25million追加投资 10002500万美元Increasedinvestmentby25-50million追加投资 25005000 万美元Increasedinvestmentby50millionormore追加投资 5000 万美元以上Decreasedinvestmentby10million减少投资不超过 1000 万美元Decreasedinvestmentby25-50million减少投资 25005000 万美元Decreasedinvestmentby50millionormore减少投资 5000 万美元以上Nochangeininvestm

158、entplans投资计划不变Unsure不确定Other其他Decreasedinvestmentby10-25million减少投资 10002500 万美元2 22 23 33 33 33 32 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 11 11 11 137AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Tensions in the US-China bilateral relationship remains the top business challenge for members for

159、the third consecutive year“中美关系日益紧张”连续三年成为受访者在华首要商业挑战Two-thirds(66%)ofmembersreporteduncertaintyofbilateralrelationsastheirtop-businesschallengeinChina.Thisisthethirdyearinarowthatmembershaveratedthisissueastheirnumberonechallenge,andithasconsistentlybeenonthelistoftopfivechallengessinceatleast2019.

160、三分之二（66%）的会员企业仍然认为中美双边关系的不确定性是其在华业务首要商业挑战。“中美关系日益紧张”已经连续三年成为在华美资企业的首要商业挑战，并已经连续五年成为会员企业的前五大商业挑战。Figure 20.Top five business challenges in China图 20.企业在中国市场面临的五大商业挑战2002220231Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确55%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加45%Ris

161、ing tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张78%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张56%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张66%2Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加48%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确41%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加40%Inconsistent regul

162、atory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确31%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 55%3Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张45%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张41%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确37%Rising labor

163、costs劳动力成本增加29%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确32%4Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 来自中国民营企业的日益激烈的竞争58%Regulatory compliance risks监管合规风险23%Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 来自中国民营企业的日益激烈的竞争33%Re

164、gulatory compliance risks监管合规风险28%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加25%5Shortages of qualified management缺少合格的管理人员28%Shortages of qualified management缺少合格的管理人员23%Concerns about data security对数据安全的担忧26%Concerns about data security对数据安全的担忧23%Regulatory compliance risks监管合规风险25%38AmCham Chinas 2023 China Busine

165、ss Climate Survey Report Indicates new to industry top five 新晋行业前五大商业挑战Tech and R&D技术和研发行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业1Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张65%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张72%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 61%Rising tensions in US-

166、China relations中美关系日益紧张69%2COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 62%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 48%Rising tensions in US-China relations中美关系日益紧张52%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 54%3Concerns about data security对数据安全的担忧40%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforceme

167、nt法律法规和执行不一致/不明确31%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确36%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确27%4Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法规和执行不一致/不明确34%Regulatory compliance risks监

168、管合规风险25%Regulatory compliance risks监管合规风险29%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加26%5Increasing Chinese protectionism中国保护主义不断升级31%Intellectual property rights infringement知识产权侵权21%Rising labor costs劳动力成本增加29%Shortages of qualified employees缺少合格的员工 23%In2022,membersintheTechandR&Dsectorhavefacedmanynewchallenges

169、doingbusinessinChina,includingCOVID-relatedpreventionmeasures.UniquetotheTechandR&Dsector,31%ofmembersreportedconcernoverincreasedChineseprotectionismamongtheirfivetopbusinesschallenges.Some21%ofResources&IndustrialsectormembersreportedIPRinfringement,anewtop-fivebusinesschallengesincelastyear.Membe

170、rsintheServicessectorreportedthattheywereexperiencingashortageofqualifiedemployees,accordingto23%ofrespondents.2022 年，除了新冠疫情防控措施，技术和研发行业在中国面临许多新的商业挑战。值得注意的是，31%的该行业会员将“中国保护主义不断升级”的担忧作为其五大商业挑战之一。约 21%的资源和工业行业会员遇到了“知识产权侵权”的问题，这是自去年以来新的五大商业挑战之一。23%的服务行业会员表达了对“缺少合格的员工”的担忧。In 2022,COVID-19 prevention mea

171、sures were ranked among the top business challenges across all sectors2022 年，“新冠疫情防控措施”带来的商业挑战引起会员企业极大关注Figure 21.Top five business challenges in China by sector图 21.不同行业企业在中国市场面临的五大商业挑战39AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report The top three opportunities from each sector remain the

172、same from the previous year各细分行业在华前三大商业机遇与去年相同Figure 22.Top three important opportunities for China business图 22.不同行业企业在华业务三大机遇Chinasgrowthinconsumption/riseofanincreasinglysizeableandaffluentmiddleclasscontinuetobeanimportantbusinessopportunityforrespondents.IntheSer-vicessector,45%ofmembersbelieve

173、dthattheglobalizationofChinesecompaniesandincreasedoutboundinvestmentistheirtopbusinessopportunityinChina,ex-ceedingongoingeconomicandmarketreforms,whichledlastyear.“本土消费增长/中产阶级规模扩大，收入提高”仍然是受访企业认为的主要在华商业机遇。45%的服务行业会员表示，与去年相比，“中国公司的全球化和境外投资增长”是其在中国的首要商机，超过“持续的经济和市场改革”。Tech and R&D技术和研发行业Resources&Ind

174、ustrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业1Growth in domestic consumption/Rise of an increasingly sizable and affluent middle class本土消费增长/中产阶级规模不断扩大45%Growth in domestic consumption/Rise of an increasingly sizable and affluent middle class本土消费增长/中产阶级规模不断扩大39%Growth in domestic consumption/Rise of an inc

175、reasingly sizable and affluent middle class本土消费增长/中产阶级规模不断扩大59%Globalization of Chinese companies and increased outbound investment中国公司的全球化和境外 投资增长 45%2Adoption of digital technologies数字技术应用35%Ongoing economic and market reforms持续的经济和市场改革36%Increasing consumer demand for foreign brands/quality消费者对外国

176、品牌/质量日益增长的需求39%Ongoing economic and market reforms持续的经济和市场改革36%3Ongoing economic and market reforms持续的经济和市场改革35%Urbanization and continued support for infrastructure investments城镇化对基础设施投资的 持续支持21%Ongoing economic and market reforms持续的经济和市场改革37%Growth in domestic consumption/Rise of an increasingly s

177、izable and affluent middle class本土消费增长/中产阶级规模不断扩大29%Compared to last year ranking up 相较去年排名上升Compared to last year ranking down 相较去年排名下降40AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 80%of respondents report that they are taking action to implement ESG strategies in China80%的受访者表示其公司已经在华实

178、施了“环境、社会责任和公司治理“（ESG）战略Figure 23.Does your company implement Environmental(E),Social(S),and Governance(G)strategies in China operations?图 23.贵公司在中国是否实施了“环境、社会责任和公司治理”（ESG）战略？%By percentage Eight-of-tenmembersreportedthattheyhaveanESGstrategyinChina.66%ofrespon-dentsreportthattheirChinaESGstrategyisa

179、lignedwiththeirGlobalESGstrategyand14%reportedthattheyhavelocalizedtheirglobalESGstrategyandmodifiedittomeetChina-marketrequirements(Figure23).80%的受访者表示在华实施了 ESG 战略。其中，66%的受访企业表示其在华 ESG 战略与全球 ESG 战略一致，另有 14%的受访企业表示他们不仅将全球 ESG 战略引入中国，还优化了部分内容以满足中国市场的战略需求。Yes,wehaveanESGstrategyinChinaanditisalignedwi

180、thourglobalESGstrategy是的。我们在华的 ESG 战略与公司总部的ESG 战略一致Yes,wemodifiedourglobalESGstrategyandtailoreditfortheChinamarket是的。我们对公司的 ESG 战略进行了优化，以更适应中国市场整体战略OurcompanyhasanESGstrategyatthegloballevel,buthasnotimplementeditinChinayet我们公司在全球总部层面有 ESG 战略，但目前在华没有实施OurcompanydoesnothaveanESGstrategy我们公司没有 ESG 战略

181、737128Services服务行业59131513Consumer消费行业682174Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业6316129TechandR&D技术和研发行业668141241AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Nearly 80%of members believe that implementation of an ESG strategy in China helps their companys brand image locally近 80%的会员表示在华实施 ESG 战略有助

182、于树立积极的在华商业品牌形象Figure 24.What are the top three reasons in implementing an ESG strategy in China?图 24.贵公司在华实施 ESG 战略的前三大原因是什么？%By percentage Halfofrespondentssaidtheirheadofficesrequirethemtoim-plementacorporateESGstrategyintheChinamarket.MembersalsobelievethatimplementingESGcanensuretalentacquisi-ti

183、onandretention,accordingto42%ofrespondents.近半数的受访企业表示总部要求在华市场实施 ESG 战略。42%的会员表示实施 ESG 战略可以确保公司人才的招聘和留存。WewanttopositionourselvesasaresponsiblebusinessbrandintheChinamarket 我们希望通过实施 ESG 战略树立为在华有责任的商业品牌HeadquartersrequestedweimplementanESGstrategyinChina公司总部要求在华市场实施 ESG 战略TheESGstrategyhelpsusattractt

184、alentsandkeepshighemploymentretentioninChina 通过实施 ESG 战略对公司在华招聘、留存人才起到助推作用Wearerequestedbyinvestorstoimplement ESGinallbusinessmarkets投资者要求公司在所有有商业经营的国家和地区实施 ESG 战略Wearerequiredbyregulatoryand/orpubliclistingreportingrequirementstoimplementanESGstrategyinallbusinessmarkets受相关监管方/上市公司披露等要求，需要在所有有商业经营

185、的国家和地区（包括中国大陆）实施 ESG 战略Other其他7949423319542AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report DEI,governance and business ethics,and community contributions ranked as the top three key areas of member company ESG strategies in China多元、平等和包容（DEI），公司治理与商业道德，和社会贡献是会员企业在华实施 ESG 战略重点关注的领域Figure 25.W

186、hat are the key areas of your companys ESG in China？图 25.贵公司在华的 ESG 战略主要聚焦在哪些领域？%By percentage Diversity,Equity,andInclusion多元、平等和包容Governanceandbusinessethics公司治理和商业道德Communitycontributions(womenandchildrenhealthdevelopment,communitydevelopmentfordisabledandminoritygroups,etc.)社会贡献（如妇女和儿童健康发展，扶持残障人

187、士等弱势群体）Otherenvironmental-relatedissues(waterstress,biodiversity&landuse,rawmaterialsourcing,etc.)其他与环境相关的议题（如水资源保护，生态多样性和土壤使用，原料采购等）Employeeeducation,training,anddevelopment雇员教育、培训和职业发展Climatechange气候变化Other其他7372636160585Three-quartersofmembercompaniesreportedthattheirESGstrategyinChinafocusedonDi

188、versity,Equity,andInclusion(DEI)(73%)andgovernanceandbusinessethics(72%).Some63%ofmembersreport-edthattheyarefocusedonaddressingclimatechange-relatedissuesinChina.近 3/4 的会员企业表示，在华实施的 ESG 战略内容侧重于多元、平等和包容（DEI）；72%的会员表示其侧重点在于公司治理和商业道德；近 60%的会员表示，关注中国气候变化相关议题。Business Environment 商业环境3.44AmCham Chinas 2

189、023 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceThis year,fewer than half our members ranked China as a top three investment priority,marking a significant shift for the first time(Figure 26).One explanation is that more members believe that Chinas investment environment is deteriorating(Figure 27).

190、A majority of members report that they are changing their investment plans for China,opting to make no changes or even to decrease investment.While three-quarters of members will remain in China,a small but measurable uptick in the number of companies were considering or progressing with plans to re

191、locate some of their manufacturing and sourcing outside China(Figure 35).One-third of members reported that foreign companies are treated unfairly compared to domestic companies,reversing a three-year decline over this concern(Figure 39).Uncertainty and lack of confidence continue to rise when membe

192、rs are asked about Chinas commitment to open its markets to foreign investment(Figure 43).In response to Chinas recent regulatory actions,38%of respondents say they will emphasize and reinforce internal compliance and controls(Figure 46).Demographics in member companies are changing.Half of members

193、report that expatriate candidates do not want to move to China and,for those who are willing,they were unable(Figure 53).Women continue to hold a larger portion of top management positions in Consumer sector companies,and 2022 saw a significant change in the gender balance with more top roles being

194、filled by women in both the Tech and R&D,and the Consumer sectors since 2021(Figure 48).Member companies are facing their fair share of people-related challenges.Labor costs are expected to increase in 2023,confirming fears that labor costs and wages remain a perennial HR challenge in China(Figure 5

195、0).Compared to last year,more companies will not increase their headcount in 2023,and two-thirds of companies cite COVID-19 as a primary driver(Figures 51 and 52).Meanwhile,one-quarter of members reported a higher employee turnover rate in 2022 than in 2021.As member companies are opting to retain c

196、urrent staff,developing talent takes the top spot for human resources priorities in 2023(Figures 54 and 55).Innovation and R&D are important priorities according to 85%of members(Figure 56).Members continue to be challenged by the impact of Chinas cybersecurity laws,which were felt differently acros

197、s sectors(Figure 58).One bright spot is that concerns around such laws have dissipated since last year as companies have been planning for the changes to come.One-third of members report that Chinas intellectual property rights enforcement has improved in the last year,yet that sentiment continues a

198、 multi-year decline(Figure 60).IPR remains a significant concern because it is often the price of doing business in China(Figure 61).前 言今年，少于半数的受访企业将中国列为主要投资重点地区，这是首次出现的重大转变（图 26）。原因之一是受访会员企业认为在华投资环境正在恶化（图 27）。大多数会员企业表示正在改变对华投资计划，选择保持原状，甚至减少投资。虽然四分之三的会员企业选择继续留在中国，有少量但数量明显上升的企业正在考虑或开始将其部分生产和采购转移至中国境外

199、（图35）。三分之一的会员表示，与本土企业相比，外资企业受到了不公平待遇，该比例扭转了三年以来的下降趋势（图 39）。会员企业对中国政府进一步向外资开放市场表现出了不确定性和缺乏信心（图 43）。针对中国最近的监管行动，38%的受访企业表示将重视和加强内部合规和控制（图 46）。会员企业雇员构成正在发生变化。半数受访企业表示，外籍候选人不愿意搬到中国工作，而有意前往中国的候选人面临无法来华的困境（图 53）。女性依旧在消费行业企业的高层管理职位中占据较大比例，2022 年，更多女性在科技行业和消费行业企业中担任高管职位，为职场性别平等迈出了重要一步。（图 48）。会员企业面临人力资源挑战。劳动

200、力成本预计在 2023 年增加，证实了对人力和薪资成本的担忧仍然是会员企业在华人力资源的长期挑战（图 50）。与去年相比，更多企业表示在 2023 年不会增加员工人数，三分之二的受访企业将新冠肺炎疫情视作主要因素（图 51，52）。同时，四分之一的会员表示，2022 年的员工流动率高于 2021 年。由于会员企业选择稳定的雇员留存措施，员工职业发展成为 2023 年人力资源的首要任务（图 54，55）。85%的受访企业表示“创新/研发”对公司未来在华业务发展至关重要（图 56）。会员持续受到中国网络安全法及相关政策的影响，各行业对此感受不同（图 58）。从积极的角度来看，由于会员企业未雨绸缪，

201、积极应对，自去年以来对这些法律法规的担忧有所缓解。三分之一的会员表示，中国的知识产权执法情况较去年有所改善，但受访企业的情绪在多年以来持续下降（图 60）。知识产权保护问题仍在，成为受访企业在华经营的代价（图 61）。45AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Less than half of members rank China as a top three investment priority,marking a significant shift for the first time不到半数会员将中国列为前三大投

202、资目的地之一，标志着首次重大转变Some45%ofmembersrankChinaastheircompanysfirstorasatop-threenear-termglobalinvestmentpriority,a15ppdecreasefromlastyear.ThisisthefirsttimethatagreaterportionofmembersreportedthatChinais“oneamongmanydesti-nations”(up9pp)and“notapriority”(up6pp).Theseresultsfurtherhighlightthatcondition

203、slastyearmayhavepushedcompaniestoreconsiderChinaasadestina-tionforglobalinvestment.约 45%的受访企业将中国列为公司近期全球投资的首要或前三大目的地之一，较去年下降了15个百分点。受访企业表示中国是“众多投资目的地之一”（上升 9 个百分点）和“不是优先考虑对象”（上升 7 个百分点）首次出现明显上涨趋势。这些结果进一步证实，2022 年会员企业在华经营情况可能促使受访企业重新考虑将中国作为全球投资首要目的地的可能性。Figure 26.Chinas rank in near-term global inves

204、tment plans图 26.中国在近期全球投资计划中的重要性%By percentage 2040202221172022Firstpriority首要投资目的地Topthreepriority前三大投资目的地Oneamongmanydestinations众多投资目的地之一Notahighpriority不是优先考虑对象3.1 Investment Environment投资环境46AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figu

205、re 27.Quality of Chinas investment environment图 27.中国的投资环境质量%By percentage More members believe that Chinas investment environment is deteriorating;yet the Resources&Industrial sector is slightly more optimistic than others更多受访企业认为中国的投资环境正在恶化；资源和工业行业比其他行业略微乐观Improving有所改进Stayingthesame保持不变Deteriorat

206、ing有所恶化3845032220245202247AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 27.Quality of Chinas investment environment图 27.中国的投资环境质量%By percentage Nearlyhalfofmembers(45%)reportthatChinasinvestmentenvironmentisdete-riorating,a31ppuptickfromlastyear,andt

207、hehighestresponserateonthisanswerinthelastfiveyears.Meanwhile,theportionofmemberswhothinkChinasinvest-mentenvironmentisimprovinghasbeencutnearlyinhalfsincelastyearfrom37%downto21%.近半数会员企业（45%）表示中国的投资环境正在恶化，所占比例较去年上升了 31 个百分点，为过去五年中的最高比例。同时，认为中国投资环境正在改善的会员占比从去年的 37%下降到 21%。Improving有所改进Stayingthesame

208、保持不变Deteriorating有所恶化163252Services服务行业183349Consumer消费行业353233Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业193546TechandR&D技术和研发行业48AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report A majority of members are slowing their investment plans for China,opting to make no increase or to decrease investment大多数会员正在调整在

209、华投资计划，选择不做改变或减少投资Figure 28.Estimated increase in investment in China operations for 2023图 28.2023 年预计增长在华投资%By percentage Thisyear,morethanhalfofmembers(55%)reportnoexpansionofinvest-mentorplanstodecreaseinvestmentinChinaoperationsin2023.Thisisup21ppfromlastyearwhenonly34%ofmemberssaidtheyhavenonewi

210、nvest-mentplansorwoulddecreaseinvestmentfor2022.Ofthoseplanningtoin-creaseinvestmentin2023,mostcompanieswillonlyincreaseinvestmentinChinaoperationsbysmallincrements(1-10%),highlightingcontinuedcautioninincreasinginvestmentinChina.2022 年，超过半数受访企业（55%）表示 2023 年没有投资计划或计划减少在华业务的投资，比去年上升了21 个百分点。去年仅 34%的

211、会员表示在 2022 年没有投资计划或减少投资。在 2023 年计划增加投资的受访企业中，大多数会员企业表示计划小幅增加对中国业务的投资（1-10%），这凸显了对在华投资的谨慎态度仍在持续。Morethan50%超过 50%26-50%21-25%11-20%1-10%Noinvestmentexpansionplanned无投资扩大计划Planningtodecreaseinvestments减少投资20222021 3194691 13 31 1642142952 20253325449498TechandR&D技术和研发行业Resources&Industrial资

212、源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业4 42 22 22 24 442452 22 22 22 249AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 29.Factors for higher planned investment in 2023图 29.2023 年计划增加投资的因素%By percentage FormemberswhoareplanningtoincreaseinvestmentinChinaoperationsin2023,43%reportthattheChinama

213、rketisastrategicpriorityfortheircompanyandhavehighexpectationsforfastergrowthinChina.ThisismostacutelyseenintheResources&Industrialsectorwherethosetwofactorsarekeydriversofin-creasedinvestments.计划在 2023 年增加在华业务投资的企业中，43%表示中国市场是其公司的战略重点，并对中国的快速增长抱有很高期望。这在资源和工业行业表现最为明显，上述两个因素是其增加投资的关键驱动力。TechandR&D技术和

214、研发行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业27505550324Removalofmarketaccessbarriers/improvedmarketaccess市场准入壁垒消除或改善NewopportunitiesrisingfromtheCOVID-19pandemic新冠肺炎疫情带来的新机遇Expectationofslower-growingmarketsinothergeographies预期其他地区市场增长放缓Strategicprioritiza

215、tionoftheChinamarket中国市场为战略重点ExpectationoffastergrowthinChina预期中国市场增长速度加快LowercostsinChina中国成本较低Policyincentives政策激励Chinasskilledtalentpool中国人才储备充足Other其他430AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Membersbelievechangesintheregulatoryenvironment,greaterIPprotection,andmoref

216、avorableindustrialpolicieswillsignificantlyencourageincreasedin-vestment.Membersattitudestothesepolicyissuesareonparwithlastyearsresultssubjectonlytoslightvariationsinresponserates.受访企业认为，监管环境的改变、更好的知识产权保护和更有利的产业政策将极大鼓励投资增长。会员对这些政策问题的态度与去年的结果持平。Figure 30.Significance of different aspects of Chinas p

217、olicy environment on increasing investment levels图 30.中国政策环境不同方面对外资企业提高投资水平的影响程度%By percentage Somewhatsignificant影响较为显著Extremelysignificant影响极为显著Verysignificant影响显著Increasingthetransparency,predictability,andfairnessoftheregulatoryenvironment提高监管环境的透明度、可预测性和公平性Moreeasilyacquireothercompanies允许在中国进行

218、战略收购Reducingtheneedforustoengageintechnologytransfer减少技术转让的需要Ensuringgreaterprotectionofintellectualproperty进一步加强对知识产权的保护力度Limitingtheuseofindustrialpoliciesthatcreatebarriers限制使用会制造壁垒的行业政策Enterbusinessorproductsegmentsthatarecurrentlyrestricted允许进入目前受限的新业务或产品细分领域Providingrecourseforunfairtreatmento

219、fyourcompanysinvestments为投资中的不公平待遇提供追诉措施TakeincreasedcontrolofourChinaoperations/reducetheneed foralocalbusiness允许加强对中国业务的控制/减少对本地业务合作伙伴或建立合资公司的需求363275624271651AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 31.Factors for lowering planned investment

220、in 2023图 31.2023 年计划减少投资的因素%By percentage ConcernsaboutanuncertainChinesepolicyenvironmentisthenumberonefactorformemberswhowilllowerplannedinvestmentinChinaoperationsfor2023,accordingto33%ofmembers.Thisisespeciallytruefornearlyhalf(48%)ofmembersintheConsumersector.One-in-fiveTech&R&Dsectormembers(21

221、%)thehighestportionamongallthesectorsreportthattheywillreduceplannedinvestmentinChinaoperationsbecausetheyexpectChinaseconomicgrowthtoslow.33%的受访企业表示“对中国政策环境不确定性存在顾虑”是计划减少 2023 年在华投资的关键因素，尤其是消费行业，有近半数的会员（48%）选择了这一点。超过五分之一的技术和研发行业会员（21%）表示，由于对中国经济缓慢增长的预期，他们将减少在华的投资计划，在所有行业中所占比例最高。TechandR&D技术和研发行业Res

222、ources&Industrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业4852434488243112666Difficultiescompetingagainstprivately-ownedcompanies难以与中国民企同台竞技UncertaintiesintheUS-Chinaeconomicrelationship中美经济关系的不确定性Expectationoffaster-growingmarketsinothergeographies其它地区存在快速增长的市场Strategicre-pri

223、oritizationofothermarkets其他国家市场的战略优先次序划分Marketaccessbarriersorgovernmentpoliciesthatdisadvantageforeigncompaniesinyoursector所在行业的市场准入或政府政策不利于外资企业ConcernsaboutanuncertainChinesepolicyenvironment对中国政策环境不确定性存在顾虑Globalbudgetcuts/constraintsduetoCOVID-19因新冠肺炎疫情导致全球预算缩减/缩紧ExpectationofslowergrowthinChina预

224、计中国将放缓增长Risingcosts,includinglaborcostsinChina包括劳动力在内的各类成本有所上升Effortstomitigaterisk降低风险Other其他33352AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report The Yangtze River Delta remains the most attractive location for investment,say two-thirds of members;access to consumers and markets

225、remains the top driver三分之二的受访企业表示长三角地区仍是最有吸引力的投资区域；接触消费者和市场的机会仍是投资上述区域的首要驱动力Forallmembersandsectors,theYangtzeRiverDelta,Great-erBay,andJing-Jin-Jiareasarethethreemostattractivelocationsforplannedinvestment.TheportionofmembersinvestingintheYangtzeRiverDeltaisup8ppfrom59%com-paredtolastyear,whichmays

226、ignalthatmembersaredou-blingdownonprovenlocations.对于所有行业会员来说，长三角地区、粤港澳大湾区和京津冀地区是前三大最具吸引力的投资区域。与去年相比，在长三角地区投资的会员比例上升了 8 个百分点（2021 年为 59%），说明会员正在经济成熟的地区加大投资。Figure 32.Strategic regional cluster(s)and/or policy-backed region(s)for planned investment 图 32.2023 年计划开展投资或已经开展的战略性区域%By percentage NortheastC

227、hina(Heilongjiang,Jilin,andLiaoning)东北地区（黑龙江、吉林、辽宁）Yangtze-RiverDelta(Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,andAnhui)长三角地区（上海、江苏、浙江、安徽）TheGuangdongHongKongMacauGreaterBayArea粤港澳大湾区Jing-Jin-Ji(Beijing,Tianjin,andHebei)京津冀（北京、天津、河北）Cheng-YuCityCluster(ChengduandChongqin)成渝城市群（成都与重庆）HainanFreeTradePort海南自贸区Other 其

228、他674443161374Tech and R&D技术和研发行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Consumer消费行业Services服务行业Yangtze-River Delta 长三角地区47%Yangtze-River Delta 长三角地区49%Yangtze-River Delta 长三角地区44%Yangtze-River Delta 长三角地区38%The GuangdongHong KongMacau Greater Bay Area粤港澳大湾区28%Jing-Jin-Ji 京津冀地区33%The GuangdongHong KongMacau Grea

229、ter Bay Area粤港澳大湾区28%The GuangdongHong KongMacau Greater Bay Area粤港澳大湾区34%Jing-Jin-Ji 京津冀地区25%The GuangdongHong KongMacau Greater Bay Area粤港澳大湾区18%Jing-Jin-Ji 京津冀地区28%Jing-Jin-Ji 京津冀地区28%53AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 33.Top benefits or opportunities to invest in th

230、ese areas 图 33.选择在这些区域投资的优势或机遇%By percentage 45544436373533432926222953Accesstocustomers/consumersandmarkets接触客户/消费者和市场Favorablelocalgovernmentpoliciesandregulations当地政府的优惠政策和法规Localopennesstoforeigninvestment当地政府对外资的开放程度Proximitytocurrentoperations与我司现有业务接轨Talentpool人才储备Proximitytosuppli

231、ers/JVs/and/orpartnerships接近供应商、合资企业和/或合作伙伴Accesstotransportationandlogisticsnetworks通达的运输和物流网络Beneficialtaxrates税率优惠Laborcosts劳动力成本Non-taxrelatedfinancialsubsidies非税收相关财务补贴Accesstocustomers/consumersandmarkets,andfavorablelocalgovern-mentpoliciesarethetopopportunitiesforinvestmentinregionalclusters

232、andpolicy-backedareas.Thishighlightsthatthedualincentivesformakingin-vestmentdecisionsremainthequalityofconsumerhabitsandtheroleoflocalgovernmentofficialstoencouragein-vestment.Onenoticeablechangefromlastyearisthatalowerproportionofmembersreported“proximitytocur-rentoperations”(falling10ppfrom43%pre

233、viously),whichmayindicatethatmemberswhoarereducingorhaltinginvestmentinChinaoperationsaretheoneswhoprioritizedsuchproximity.“接触客户/消费者和市场”和“当地政府的优惠政策和法规”是企业选择投资区域的首要考量因素。这一趋势说明投资决策的双重激励因素仍然是消费者消费能力和地方政府针对外商企业投资的优惠政策。与去年相比，选择“与我司现有业务接轨”的会员比例明显降低（同比下降了 10 个百分点），表明降低或停止在华业务投资的企业优先选择与业务接轨的区域。2022202154Am

234、Cham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 34.Top barriers or challenges to invest in these areas图 34.未选择在这些区域投资的因素%By percentage While44%ofmembersincreasinginvestmentseelocalgovern-mentasafavorablecondition,53%seelocalpoliciesandregu-lationsasapotentialchallenge,whichisonparwithla

235、styearsresults.Qualityofthetalentpool(40%),relationshipswithgovern-mentofficials(30%),andfavoritismforlocalcompaniesoverfor-eigncompanies(29%)roundoutthetopthreebarriersforinvest-mentintheregionalclustersorpolicy-backedregions.尽管 44%受访企业认当地政府出台的优惠政策和措施是公司选择投资的一个有利条件，但 53%的受访企业认为地方政府的政策法规也是潜在的挑战，占比与去

236、年结果基本持平。“人才储备质量”（40%），“与当地政府的关系”（30%），以及“与外资企业相比，偏袒本土企业”（29%）是区域集群或政策支持地区投资的前三大挑战。Localgovernmentpoliciesandregulations当地政府政策和法规Qualityoftalentpool人才储备的质量Relationshipswithlocalgovernmentrepresentatives与当地政府代表的关系Favoritismforlocalcompaniesoverforeigncompanies与外资企业相比，偏袒本土企业Qualityoflocalsuppliers当地供应商

237、的质量Accesstosuppliers/JVs/and/orpartnerships接触供应商、合资企业、合作伙伴Qualityoflocallogisticsandtransportationnetworks当地物流运输网络质量535440393030293420222202155AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report While three-quarters of members will remain in China,a small but measurable uptick of comp

238、anies are considering or progressing to relocate some of their manufacturing and sourcing outside China四分之三的会员企业坚守深耕中国市场的承诺，有部分但数量明显上升的企业正在考虑或逐步将其部分生产和采购转移至中国境外Figure 35.Is your company considering,or has it already begun the process of relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China?图 35.贵公司是

239、否开始，或考虑开始将生产或采购转移至中国境外？%By percentage No,wearenotconsideringrelocatingmanufacturingorsourcingoutsideofChina不，我们没有打算将制造或采购转移出中国Yes,weareconsideringrelocatingbuthavenottakenactivestepstorelocatemanufacturingorsourcingoutsideofChinayet是的，我们在考虑但还未采取任何措施将制造或采购转移出中国Yes,wehavestartedtheprocessofrelocatingm

240、anufacturingorsourcingoutsideofChina是的，我们已开始将制造或采购转移出中国Other其他20202021202283872 283773 37412122 2Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业TechandR&D技术和研发行业189702 2 33 313137456AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 36.Most important reasons for considerin

241、g or moving capacity outside of China图 36.考虑或已经将产能转移到中国以外的原因%By percentage 20222021Riskmanagement风险管理COVID-19preventionmeasures新冠肺炎疫情防控措施US-Chinatradetensions中美双边贸易摩擦Concernsaboutanuncertainpolicyenvironment对不确定的政策环境存有顾虑Geopoliticaltensionsrising地缘政治摩擦升级60205700Some74%ofmembersaremaintain

242、ingoperationsinChina.However,forthefirsttimesincetheCOVID-19pandemic,weseea10ppincreaseintheproportionofcom-paniesthatareconsideringorhavealreadystartedtheprocessofrelocatingmanu-facturingandsourcingoutsideofChina.Thisyear,24%membershavedecidedorareconsideringmovingcapacityoutsideofChina.Thebiggestc

243、hangeindecision-makingcomesfrommembersintheServicessectorinwhich26%reportedthattheyareormightmovesomeoperationsoutsideChina,up23ppfromlastyearwhenonly3%reportedtaking(orconsidering)suchactions.TheConsumersectorappearstobemaintainingthestatusquoinpreviousyears.Asmoremembersconsidermovingcapacityoutsi

244、deChina,thisyearstoplistoffactorsandconcernshasalsochanged.Comparedtolastyear,nearlysix-in-tenmembersareconcernedaboutriskmanagementandCOVID-19prevention.Asbothissuesweremiddle-tierconcernsinlastyearsreport,itmayhighlighttheoutsizedimpactof“Zero-COVID”policiesthroughout2022.BeyondriskmanagementandCO

245、VID-19concerns,US-Chinatensions(up14ppfromlastyear),uncertainpolicyenvironment(sameaslastyear),andriseofgeopoliticaltensions(newthisyear)roundoutthetopfivereasonsforthosecompaniesthathavebegunorareconsid-eringmovingcapacityoutsideChina.约 74%的受访企业承诺继续深耕中国市场。然而自新冠疫情以来，正在考虑或已经开始将生产和采购转移至中国境外的企业数量首次增加了

246、10 个百分点。2022 年，24%的受访企业表示已经决定或正在考虑将部分产能转移至中国境外。最大的变化来自于服务行业，26%的受访企业表示正在或可能将部分业务转移至中国境外，比去年上升了 23%，去年仅有 3%的受访企业表示采取（或考虑）这种行动。消费行业基本延续了过往的趋势。随着更多会员企业考虑将产能转移至中国境外，今年转移产能的首要因素和关注点也发生了变化。与去年相比，近十分之六的受访企业表示风险管理和新冠肺炎疫情防控措施是其公司考虑转移产能的主要因素。尽管这两个问题在去年的报告中也受到了一定程度的关注，但这一趋势凸显了 2022 年中国疫情防控措施对外资企业的巨大影响。除了风险管理和新

247、冠疫情的顾虑之外，中美双边贸易摩擦（比去年上升了 14 个百分点）、对不确定性的政策环境存在顾虑（与去年相同）和地缘政治摩擦升级（今年首次出现）是 24%表示开始或正在考虑将产能转移至中国境外的受访企业选择的前五大原因。57AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 37.Target destinations for relocated capacity图 37.目标迁移地Forthe24%ofmemberswhoareconsideringmovingcapacityoutsideofChina,thetop

248、twodestinationsareDevelopingAsiaandtheUS.WhiletheportionofthoseoptingforDevelopingAsiahasremainedconsistentwithlastyear,theportionofmembercompaniesrelocatingcapacitytotheUShasrisenfrom24%in2021to30%in2022.Inthatsameperiod,thepor-tionofmembercompaniesrelocatingtotheUSstradepartnersMexicoandCanadahasd

249、eclinedfrom17%in2021to12%in2022.ThismaybecontrastedtoChinesecompaniesseekingtoexpandinNorthAmerica,manyofwhicharelocatinginMexico.在考虑将产能转移至中国境外的 24%受访会员企业中，亚洲发展中国家和地区和美国是前两大目标迁移地。虽然选择亚洲发展中国家和地区的企业比例在过去三年中保持稳定，但考虑将产能转移到美国的比例 2021 年的 24%上升至 2022 年的 30%。在同一时期，将产能转移到美国邻国墨西哥和加拿大的会员占比从 2021 年的 17%下降到 2022

250、年的 12%。这一情况与中资企业在墨西哥市场落地寻求开拓北美市场机会呈现出反向趋势。2022Developing Asia亚洲发展中地区29%US美国30%Mexico/Canada墨西哥/加拿大12%Developed Asia亚洲发达地区15%Hong Kong SAR香港特别行政区4%Other其他地区4%EU欧盟国家5%2021Developing Asia亚洲发展中地区28%US美国24%Mexico/Canada墨西哥/加拿大17%Developed Asia亚洲发达地区17%Hong Kong SAR香港特别行政区7%Other其他地区4%EU欧盟国家2%1234567AmCha

251、m Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 58For the second year in a row,nearly half of members report feeling less welcome in China连续两年，近半数会员表示感到在中国不太受欢迎Figure 38.Do you believe foreign businesses are more or less welcome in China over the last year?图 38.您认为外资企业在中国的受欢迎程度与以往相比有何变化？%By perce

252、ntage Some 49%of members report feeling less welcome in China,up 3pp from last year.This is especially true for members in the Consumer(56%)and Technology(54%)sectors,reporting that they feel slightly less or much less welcome.Consistently,members from these two sectors reported similar feelings las

253、t year.One noticeable change is that twice as many members in the Services sector report feeling“much less welcome”,up from 8%last year to 19%this year.约 49%的受访企业表示在中国感到不受欢迎，所占比例较去年增加了 3 个百分点。尤其是消费行业和技术和研发行业，分别有 56%和 54%的受访企业表示与去年相比，今年感到稍微或非常不受欢迎，延续了去年的趋势。超过去年两倍的服务行业会员表示感觉“非常不受欢迎”，从去年的 8%显著增加到今年的 19

254、%。20022 Much more welcome更受欢迎 Slightly more welcome较为受欢迎 No change没有变化 Slightly less welcome稍微不受欢迎 Much less welcome非常不受欢迎83123336136Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业4 417353296 63144103 3112641166 692940165 5203224231

255、8373582 2202220222022202220221AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 59One-third of members report that foreign companies are treated unfairly compared to domestic companies,reversing a positive three-year trend三分之一的会员表示，相比本土企业，外资企业受到不公平待遇，扭转了三年以来的下降趋势Figure 39

256、.How are foreign companies in your industry treated by government policies and enforcement actions relative to domestic companies?图 39.与国内公司相比，您所在行业的外资公司受到的待遇如何？%By percentage Some 38%of members reported that government policies and enforcement ac-tions are applied unfairly to foreign companies comp

257、ared to domestic companies.This marks the reversal of a three-year declining trend during which members were reporting less“unfair treatment”(from 37%in 2019 to 34%in 2020 and to 33%in 2021).Since last year,members in the Tech and R&D(8pp)and Resources&Industrial(12pp)sectors reported increasingly u

258、nfair treatment towards foreign companies.However,since 2020,the same portion of members(7%)continue to report that foreign companies receive preferential treatment.约 38%的受访企业表示，与本土企业相比，外资企业在政策出台和法规执行中受到不公平待遇，该比例标志着过去三年的逐年下降趋势发生了逆转（2019 年为 37%，2020 年为 34%，2021 年为 33%）。2022 年，技术和研发行业和资源和工业行业的会员表示外资企业

259、的不公平待遇增加，分别上升了 8 个百分点和 12 个百分点。与此同时，自 2020 年以来，认为外资企业获得优惠待遇的会员比例不变（7%）。Foreign companies receive preferential treatment vs.domestic companies相比本土企业，外资企业受到优惠待遇 Foreign companies are treated equally vs.domestic companies相比本土企业，外资企业受到同等待遇 Foreign companies are treated unfairly vs.domestic companies相比本土

260、企业，外资企业受到不公平待遇Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业2022202220222022202258247232623220203475920287556 66 66 66 66 64 410AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 60Figure 40.Areas of unfair treatment

261、 图 40.外资企业受到不公平待遇领域%By percentage 2022 2021Market access市场准入Licensing许可Regulatory enforcement行政执法Government financial support/subsidies政府财政支持/补贴Public procurement公共采购Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)protection知识产权保护Ownership/JV requirements股比/合资企业需求Financing融资Customs procedures海关手续Other其他60693839343

262、6333Market access remains the top concern for members with 60%so re-porting,albeit down 9pp from last year.Licensing and regulatory en-forcement round out the top three areas of unfair treatment.This year,government financial support/subsidies fell on the list of concerns,dropp

263、ing 4pp to 28%.60%的受访企业表示，市场准入仍然是在华面临的首要不公平待遇挑战，尽管所占比例较去年下降了 9 个百分点。许可和行政执法是排名前三的不公平待遇领域中的另外两个。政府财政支持/补贴在今年的关注名单中排名延后，比去年下降了 4 个百分点（28%）。AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 61Three out of five members would increase their investment in China if they had greater market access五分之三的

264、受访企业认为扩大市场准入将有利于增加对华投资Some 60%of respondents would consider increasing investment in China if market access in China was on a par with the US.This continues a slight decline over the last two years from 66%in 2020.Members in the Consumer sector report increased uncertainty,dropping 12pp from last ye

265、ar.Meanwhile,members in the Services sec-tor may have more of a sense of confidence in the power of market access as they reported 8pp higher compared to last year.约 60%的受访企业表示，如果中国的市场准入与美国持平，他们将会考虑增加投资。该比例与过去两年相比，呈现略微下降趋势（低于 2020 年的 66%）。消费行业会员对扩大市场准入是否增加投资表达出了更大的不确定性，同比下降了 12 个百分点，而服务行业会员对扩大市场准入加大

266、投资更有信心，所占比例同比增加了 8 个百分点。Figure 41.Would greater market access in China result in increased investments in China?图 41.扩大市场准入是否会增加对华投资？%By percentage Yes会 Other其他 No不会 Unsure不确定2022346051 1Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业27685 57

267、464727692 22 228693 3375472 229661 14 4202220222022202220221AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 62%By percentage Figure 42.If yes,by how much would you increase investments in China?图 42.若是，贵公司会追加多少在华投资？Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和

268、研发行业6202161929 More than 20%20%以上 5%or less低于 5%16-20%11-15%6-10%2920302720222021Some 29%of members report that they would increase investment by more than 20%if they had greater market access in China.More than seven-in-ten members in the Technology sector are willi

269、ng to increase investment by 11%or more if they have greater market access compared to just half of members in the Consumer sector.约 29%的受访企业表示如果中国扩大市场准入，将增加至少 20%的投资。超过七成的技术和研发行业企业愿意增加至少11%的投资，而消费行业仅有半数的会员表达这种意愿。2154 43 3AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 63Chinas commitment to

270、 open markets to foreign investment continues to spark uncertainty and lack of confidence受访企业对中国承诺进一步向外资开放市场表现出了不确定性，以及信心不足Figure 43.How confident are you that the Chinese government is committed to further opening Chinas market to foreign investment in the coming three years?图 43.您对中国政府在未来三年将进一步向外资

271、开放市场持有多少信心？%By percentage Across all sectors,uncertainty and lack of confidence increased from last year for the second year in a row as members considered whether the government is committed to further open Chinas market to foreign investment.Compared to 2021,members in the Services(12pp)and Consum

272、er(11pp)sectors report-ed“net not confident”.Members in the Resources&Industrial sector reported the largest increase in uncertainty about open markets,up 15pp from last year,while also halving the portion of respondents who are very confident that China will open further to foreign investment.在所有行业

273、中，受访企业对中国政府是否会进一步向外资开放中国市场，表达出了不确定性和缺乏信心，这一情况连续两年有所增加。与去年相比，服务行业会员表示“没有信心”的比例增加了 12 个百分点，消费行业会员表示“没有信心”的比例增加了 11 个百分点。资源和工业行业会员表示不确定性的比例增幅最大，比去年增加了 15 个百分点；同时，对中国进一步开放外资“非常有信心”的受访企业所占比例同比减少了一半。Very confident非常有信心 Confident有信心 Unsure不确定 Not confident没有信心 Very unconfident非常没有信心71

274、5 5Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业202220222022202220227366413 36 66 66 66 66 65 53 3AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 6472%of members report receiving some pressure in 2022

275、to make(or not make)statements about politically sensitive issues72%的会员表示，他们在 2022 年受到就政治敏感问题发表（或不发表）声明的压力Figure 44.Did you receive pressures to make(or not make)statements about politically sensitive issues?图 44.贵公司在过去一年是否就政治敏感话题而不得不发表（或不发表）声明受到相关外部压力？%By percentage Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial

276、资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业825302 224301433 We have experienced a significant increase in pressure我司面临的压力显著增加 We have experienced a significant decrease in pressure我司面临的压力显著降低 We have experienced a slight increase in pressure我司面临的压力略微增加 We have experienced pressure n

277、o greater than in previous years我司面临的压力与前几年持平 We have experienced a slight decrease in pressure我司面临的压力略微降低 We have not experienced any pressure我司未面临任何压力 Unsure不确定 Other其他12 25 52 22 22 25 5AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 65While seven-in-ten members report re-ceivi

278、ng political pressure,some 45%of respondents report at least some increased pressure to make(or not make)statements around politically sensitive issues.This is most strongly felt in the Services sector in which more than half of members re-ported increased pressure.One-quarter of members(27%)reporte

279、d that political pres-sure of this kind is no greater or less than in previous years.The least impacted were members in the Resources sector with only one-in-four reporting increased pressure.According to members,the top three sourc-es of pressure relating to political issues are the Chinese governm

280、ent(57%),the Chinese media(37%),and the US government(26%).These results mirror last years top three sources.The“public/consumers”retained fourth spot this year while“business part-ners/suppliers or customers”fell to seventh spot,dropping 11pp.45%的受访企业表示就政治敏感问题发表（或不发表）声明的压力有所增加。尤其是服务行业，超过半数的会员表示压力增加

281、。超四分之一（27%）的受访企业表示，这类压力与前几年持平。受影响最小的是资源和工业行业，仅四分之一的会员表示压力增加。受访企业表示，就政治敏感问题发表（或不发表）声明的压力的三大来源分别是中国政府（57%）、中国媒体（37%）和美国政府（26%），结果与去年一致。今年，“公众/消费者”仍是位居压力来源的第四位，而“业务合作伙伴、供应商或客户”则下降 11 个百分点至第七位。%By percentage Figure 45.Sources of increased pressure图 45.压力增加的来源The Chinese government中国政府Chinese media中国媒体Th

282、e US government美国政府Business partners/suppliers or customers业务合作伙伴、供应商或客户Other其它The public/consumers公众/消费者US media美国媒体Global company leadership全球公司领导层Other international media其他国际媒体NGOs and Associations非政府组织和协会Local company leadership本地公司领导层Third-party government(s)第三方政府576637382632262925231916182913

283、47 2022 2021AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 66In response to recent Chinese regulatory actions,38%of respondents saythey will emphasize and reinforce internal compliance and controls为应对中国近期的监管行动，38%的受访企业表示将重视并加强内部合规和控制Figure 46.Impact of Chinas recent regulatory ac

284、tions(e.g.regarding anti-trust/data privacy/addressing social issues)on business 图 46.中国近期采取的监管行动（如关于反垄断、数据隐私和其他社会问题等）对贵公司在华业务影响%By percentage 超过三分之二的受访企业表示将重视并加强企业内部合规和控制，同比下降 2 个百分点（去年为 40%）。同时，16%的会员认为近期的监管行动不会对公司在华业务造成影响，比去年下降了 5 个百分点。调查结果进一步凸显了受访企业对未来在华业务的悲观情绪和顾虑。With more than two-thirds of me

285、mbers focusing on reinforcing internal com-pliance and controls,this marks a 2pp drop from last years 40%response rate.The percentage of members reporting unsure is 19%,up 7pp from last year.Meanwhile,16%of members believe recent regulatory actions will have no impact on their business,down 5pp from

286、 last year.Taken together,this fur-ther highlights members pessimism and concerns for their companies future in China.Leading us to emphasize and reinforce internal compliance and controls促使我司重视和加强内部合规和控制No impact没有影响Decreasing our confidence and willingness to invest in China降低我司对在华投资的信心和意愿Unsure不确

287、定Increasing our confidence and willingness to invest in China增加我司对在华投资的信心和意愿38301917164Contributing to uncertainty and worry among headquarters由于不确定该类行动的未来方向、是否适用于外商投资企业，以及缺乏透明度，导致总部的不确定性和担忧程度上升AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 67One-quarter of member companies are led by a top

288、 management team with at least half of roles filled by expatriate executives四分之一的受访企业表示，其中国高层管理团队中至少一半职位由外籍高管担任Figure 47.Percentage of top(country)management that are not native mainland Chinese图 47.非中国大陆籍的高级管理层人士比例3.2 Human Resources人力资源24%的受访企业表示，其中国区高层管理人员中至少有50%不是中国大陆籍人士，比去年下降了 6 个百分点（去年为 30%）。消

289、费行业会员表示，高管人员由外籍人士担任比例最高，而资源和工业行业会员表示，高管人员由中国大陆籍人士担任的比例较高。外籍人士担任中国区高层管理职务减少的趋势表现了“新冠疫情时代”下的人才外流，并由中国大陆籍高管替代。24%of members reported that at least 50%of their top(country)management are not na-tive Mainland Chinese.This represents a 6pp decline from last year when 30%of members reported expatriate-domi

290、nated leadership teams.Members in the Consumer sector report-ed the highest percentages of top leadership roles held by expatriates while members in the Resources sector are more likely to report a higher proportion of leadership roles held by Mainland Chinese.This trend toward fewer expatriates in

291、country management roles ex-emplifies the outflow of expatriate talent during the COVID-19-era and highlights that their replacements will likely be selected from the ranks of Mainland Chinese executives.Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业7966797103 34 4

292、3 33 3%By percentage 75%or above75%以上 50-75%25-50%higher 0-25%776513AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 68Women continue to hold a larger proportion of top management positions in Consumer sector companies女性继续占据消费行业高层管理人员中的较大比例Figure 48.Percentage of female top(country)management

293、图 48.女性高层管理人士比例%By percentage 三分之一的受访企业（33%）表示，女性在高层管理人员中的占比至少一半，同比上升了 5 个百分点。在过去的一年中，技术和研发行业和消费行业成为职场性别平衡的最大突破口（女性占据高层职位 50%及以上的公司），比去年分别上升了 15 个百分点和 11 个百分点。One-third of members(33%)reported that women occupy at least half of all top management positions,up 5pp from last years survey.In the last y

294、ear,the biggest swing towards gender balance those companies with women in 50%or more of top jobs locally has come from members in the Tech and R&D Sec-tor and the Consumer Sector,up 15pp and 11pp,respectively.Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业132328381

295、0244 75%or above75%以上 50-75%25-50%higher 0-25%5 5AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 6943%的受访企业表示，中美关系紧张是其人力资源面临的首要挑战，比去年上升了 15 个百分点。随着全球两大经济体持续探索双边关系的未来，会员企业可能会继续面临在华经营中吸引和留存高端人才的挑战。同时，整体人力成本增加和薪资成本不断上涨各下降到第二和第三位，同比分别下降了 7个百分点和 11 个百分点。43%of members report that tensio

296、ns in US-China relations is their num-ber one HR challenge,up 15pp from last year.As the two largest global economies strive to address the future of their bilateral relationship,mem-ber companies may continue to face unique challenges attracting and retaining top talent in their China operations.Me

297、anwhile,total labor costs and rising salary and wage costs fell to the second and third spots,down 7pp and 11pp respectively.US-China tensions rose to become the top HR challenge for members,followed by total labor costs and rising salaries/wages中美关系紧张成为受访企业人力资源面临的首要挑战，其次是整体人力成本增加和薪资 成本上涨Figure 49.T

298、op three human capital challenges图 49.人力资源面临的三大挑战200222023Rising salary and wage expenses 薪资成本不断上涨72%Rising salary and wage expenses 薪资成本不断上涨69%Total labor costs整体人力成本增加53%Total labor costs整体人力成本增加44%US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns中美关系紧张及 地缘政治顾虑43%Cost of social benefits社会福利成本

299、51%Cost of social benefits社会福利成本47%Rising salary and wage expenses 薪资成本不断上涨52%Rising salary and wage expenses 薪资成本不断上涨42%Total labor costs整体人力成本增加37%Difficulty terminating employees难以裁退员工33%Difficulty terminating employees难以裁退员工33%Developing digital talent and organizational capabilites发展数字化人才 及组织能力

300、32%US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns中美关系紧张及 地缘政治顾虑28%Rising salary and wage expenses 薪资成本不断上涨31%123AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 70Labor costs are expected to increase in 2023,confirming fears that labor costs and wages remain a perennial HR challenge in China2023

301、 年劳动力成本预计增加，印证了会员企业对劳动力成本和薪资的担忧Figure 50.Expected change in the companys average labor costs per employee in 2023 vs.2022图 50.2023 年与 2022 年相比，贵公司预计的人均劳动力成本变化%By percentage 84%的受访企业认为今年的劳动力成本会增加。技术与研发行业预计增幅最大，46%的受访企业预计劳动力成本将上升 5%及以上。在服务行业，近四分之一的受访企业（24%）预计人均劳动力成本将保持不变或下降，比去年增加了 7 个百分点。84%of members

302、 believe labor costs will increase this year.The largest in-creases are expected by members in the Tech and R&D sector in which 46%anticipate costs rising 5%or more.In the Services sector,nearly one-quar-ter of companies(24%)forecast that labor costs per employee will remain flat or decline,up 7pp f

303、rom last year.Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业20222023 20%higher上升幅度超过20%10-20%higher上升 10-20%5-10%higher上升 5-10%5%higher上升 10%增加 10%Decrease 10%减少 10%Increase 5-10%增加 5-10%Decrease 5-10%减少 5-10%Increase 5%增加 5%Decrease 5%减少 20%)显著增加（20%）Higher(5 to 20%)增加（5-20%

304、）About the same(+/-5%)持平（5%）Lower(5 to 20%)降低（5-20%）Significantly lower(20%)显著降低（20%）72656862057 33 3AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 75Developing talent takes the top spot for human resources priorities in 20232023 年，员工职业发展成为人力资源的首要任务Figure 55.Top five human resour

305、ces priorities for 2023 in China图 55.2023 年贵公司在华人力资源前五位首要任务%By percentage 2022 年，近半数的受访企业表示其人力资源的首要任务是招聘关键人才。2022 年，超 40%的会员企业表示公司人力资源的首要任务是员工职业发展、确保员工积极性和留存以及人才招聘入职，三者几乎同等占比 42%或 41%。优先保障员工福祉的会员比例比去年上升了 5 个百分点，而选择营造多元和包容性的工作环境的比例则下降了 3 个百分点。Going into 2022,nearly half of members reported that their

306、 top HR priority was to acquire key talent.Going into 2023,four-of-ten mem-bers report that their top priorities,all nearly tied at 42%or 41%,are talent development,engagement and retention,and talent acquisi-tion.Members reporting that they will prioritize staff wellbeing is up 5pp compared to last

307、 year,while members reporting that fostering diversity and inclusion is a priority is down 3pp.Finding/hiring/on-boarding the right talent合适人才的寻找、招聘和入职Developing employees 员工职业发展Managing employee engagement and retaining employees确保员工的积极性和控制流失率Fostering a diverse and inclusive work environment营造多元化和

308、包容性的工作环境Ensuring staff well-being确保员工福祉424492829 2023 2022AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 76Innovation and R&D is a priority for 85%of members85%的会员表示，创新/研发对公司在华发展至关重要Figure 56.Importance of innovation and R&D to future growth in China图 56.创新/研发对贵公司未来在华发展的重要性%By pe

309、rcentage Consistent with survey results during the last four years,85%of respon-dents report that innovation and R&D are important to their business growth in China,an increase of 3pp from last year.85%的受访企业表示创新/研发对其在华业务增长非常重要，比去年增加了 3 个百分点，并与过去四年的调查结果趋势一致。5424244802

310、12022 Top priority首要重点 Top three priority前三大重点 Important重要 Not at all important完全不重要3.3 Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights创新和知识产权AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 77企业创新的前三大挑战与去年一致：对中美科技脱钩的担忧、知识产权保护力度不足以及愈发严格的网络安全相关政策。关注中美潜在科技脱钩的会员比例较去年增加了 4 个百分点，而关注知识产权保护力度不足和网络安全政策限制

311、的会员比例分别下降了 1 个百分点和 3 个百分点。The top three barriers to innovation are the same as last year:tech-nology decoupling concerns,restrictive cybersecurity policy,and insufficient IP protection.The proportion of members concerned about decoupling increased 4pp from last year,while those con-cerned about insu

312、fficient IP protection and the restrictions caused by cyber-security policies declined by 1pp and 3pp,respectively.Figure 57.Top five barriers to increasing innovation in China 图 57.阻碍创新的前五大障碍%By percentage Concerns around potential US-China tech decoupling围绕中美可能会科技脱钩的担忧Increased restrictiveness of

313、cybersecurity-related policies越发严格的网络安全相关政策Lack of sufficient Intellectual Property(IP)protection知识产权保护力度不足Increased restrictiveness of data privacy-related policies 与数据隐私相关的政策限制增加Vague policies and lack of detailed implementation guidelines政策含糊不清，缺乏详细的执行指导方针272320217 2022 2021AmCham Chin

314、as 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 78%By percentage The impacts of Chinas cybersecurity law are felt differently acrosssectors,conveying new perspectives and less concern since last year相比去年，各行业受访企业对中国网络安全法持不同观点比例上升Figure 58.To what degree do the following Cybersecurity Law-related issues

315、negatively affect your companys competitiveness and operations in China？图 58.以下网络安全法相关问题对贵公司在华竞争力和运营有多大不利影响?84%的技术和研发行业会员表示，网络安全法对数据本地化的要求对其产生极其消极或有些消极的影响，而其他行业会员的占比则为 55-65%。这与去年调查中技术和研发行业会员反馈的情况相同。五分之三的服务行业会员表示，网络安全法相关条例的模糊表述对其企业合规性产生了负面影响。相比之下，资源和工业行业和消费行业会员表示这种影响的比例不到半数，技术和研发行业会员的比例则有三分之一。84%of

316、Tech and R&D sector members report extremely negative or somewhat nega-tive impacts due to the new legal data localization requirements,compared to 55-65%of members from other sectors.This is on par with what we heard from Tech and R&D sector members in last years survey.Three-in-five members in the

317、 Services sector report negative impacts from compliance due to vague implementation regulations.This compares to less than half of members in the Resources and Industrial,and Consumer sectors and one-third of members in the Tech and R&D sector.Not at all没有影响 Somewhat稍有影响 Extremely影响极大Data localizat

318、ion requirements数据本土化要求Cybersecurity rules on protection of critical information infrastructure and important data保护重要信息基础设施和重要数据的网络安全规则035422355045453916365113Consumer消费行业Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研

319、发行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业5 5AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 79Less than half of members across all sectors report being negatively impacted by data privacy regulations.Compared to last year,there was a drop in the proportion of members reporting concerns.For example,the Tech and

320、 R&D sector dropped 36pp from last year and the Services sector dropped 27pp.Concerns about data security/IP leakage as a result of third-party reviews are great-est with members in the Services sector(62%),Consumer sector(59%),and Resourc-es sector(55%).Fewer than half of members in the Tech and R&

321、D sector felt the im-pact of third-party reviews,down 33pp from last year.在所有行业中，不到半数的受访企业表示受到了数据隐私法规的负面影响，该比例较去年有所下降，技术与研发行业会员比例下降了 36%，服务行业会员比例下降了 27%。服务行业（62%）、消费行业（59%）和资源和工业行业（55%）的受访企业对第三方评审导致的数据安全/知识产权泄漏问题最为关注。技术和研发行业中，仅不到半数的受访企业表示受到第三方审查的影响，比去年下降了 33 个百分点。Data security/IP leakage as a result

322、 of third party reviews因为第三方评审导致的数据安全/知识产权泄露问题Restrictions on hardware and software procurement and other secure and controllable policies对硬件软件的采买限制，及其他安全和控制性政策56273839543850123458Consumer消费行业Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Services

323、服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业Compliance concerns due to vague implementation regulations含糊其辞的法规实施后引发对合规的担忧Data privacy regulations数据隐私法规6223325332313Consumer消费行业Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Services服务行业Tec

324、h and R&D技术和研发行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业7 77 710AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 80Figure 59.IP leakage and IT/data security threats in China 图 59.在华运营中所面临的知识产权泄露和信息数据或数据安全危险%By percentage 尽管超过三分之一的会员企业表示，在华运营所面临的知识产权泄漏和数据安全风险更大，但从长期趋势来看，对将知识产权引入中国有所顾虑的会员企业比例缓慢降低。同时，更多受访企业表示这种风险与其它

325、国家和地区相比基本持平，比 2018 年的调查增加了 15 个百分点。5%的受访企业认为在华运营的知识产权泄漏和数据安全方面的风险较小，与同期相比没有变化。While more than one-third of members say that IP leakage and data security risks are greater in China,this years data continues a slow decline in concern among members which bring IP into China.Mean-while,more members are

326、reporting that risks are comparable in China,up 15pp from the 2018 survey.One-in-twenty members continues to see China as less risky regarding IP leakage and data security,relatively unchanged over the same period.524544560200212022 Risks are smaller in China在中国风险更低 Comparable基

327、本持平 Risks are greater in China在中国风险更高3 35 54 44 45 5Over the last five years,fewer members see China as a risk for IP leakage and data security在过去五年中，认为在华运营存在知识产权泄漏和数据安全风险的会员企业占比下降AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 81One-third of members report that Chinas intellectual property

328、rights(IPR)enforcement has improved in the last year,yet sentiment continues a multi-year decline三分之一的会员表示，中国的知识产权执法情况有所改善，但整体乐观情绪连续多年下降36%的受访企业表示，中国的知识产权执法情况在过去一年有所改善，但该比例自去年以来下降了 8 个百分点，自2019 年以来下降了 33 个百分点。同时，表示不确定的会员比例继续增加，比去年上升了 7 个百分点。36%of respondents responded that Chinas enforcement of IPR

329、has improved in the last year.However,this represents an 8pp drop since last year and a 33pp drop since 2019.Meanwhile,uncertainty about IPR enforcement continues to grow,increasing 7pp since last year.Figure 60.In the last year,Chinas enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)has:图 60.在过去一年中，

330、中国在知识产权法律法规执行方面%By percentage 20022Improved改善 Stayed the same保持不变Deteriorated恶化 Unsure不确定692944328252 21 13 32 2AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 82四分之一的会员表示，不完善的知识产权保护体系限制了在中国的投资，这与去年的结果一致。技术与研发行业近一半的会员表示，他们在华投资决策受到知识产权保护的影响，而消费行业和服务行业只有十分之一的会员表达同样的感受。One

331、-quarter of members report that inadequate IP protections limit investment in China,which is consistent with last years results.Nearly half of members in the Technology sector say that their investment de-cisions are impacted by IPR protections compared to one-in-ten com-panies in the Consumer and S

332、ervices sectors.Figure 61.Do concerns of inadequate intellectual property protection limit your companys investment in China?图 61.对知识产权保护不足的担忧是否限制了贵公司在中国的投资？%By percentage Consumer消费行业Resources&Industrial资源和工业行业Services服务行业Tech and R&D技术和研发行业2436402336434120222021Yes是 Unsure不确定

333、 No否AmCham Chinas 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 83Difficulty prosecuting IP infringement and insufficient IP protection remain members top two challenges as cybertheft concern rises难以起诉知识产权侵权行为和知识产权保护不足仍是最主要的两大挑战，网络盗窃问题也引起关注Figure 62.Most important IP challenges图 62.贵公司面临的最重大的知识产权挑战%By percentage Nearly one-quarter of members report their top IP challenge is the difficulty in prose-cut