1、The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector The information provided in this Whitepaper is for information purposes only and should not be relied on by third parties.This Whitepaper does not in any way represent advice,recommendations or otherwise.All case studies,comparisons,stati

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7、ion contained therein are owned by and vest exclusively in Visa.Third parties shall not have nor acquire any rights in such intellectual property and shall not copy,distribute or make any other use of the Whitepaper and the Information contained therein.These materials and best practice recommendati

8、ons are provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon for marketing,legal,regulatory,or other advice.Recommended marketing materials should be independently evaluated in light of your specific business needs,operations,and policies as well as any applicable laws and regulati

9、ons.Visa/AT Kearney are not responsible for your use of the marketing materials,best practice recommendations,or other information,including errors of any kind,or conclusions you might draw from their use.Table of contentsExecutive summary 2About the study 31.Introduction 42.Why is data important?62

10、.1.Exponential growth of data62.2.Data can drive economic growth62.3.Big data is an engine of innovation72.4.The data balancing act73.Payments data:an invaluable dataset 84.Three payments data opportunities 104.1.Travel and tourism104.2.Urban planning and sustainability154.3.Macroeconomic foresight2

11、05.What comes next?246.Takeaways:Enablers for usage of payments data in the public sector 28Bibliography30The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 1Executive summaryData has the power to unlock and create enormous value for governments,businesses,and citizens,enabling them to ad

12、dress some of their most pressing challenges.It is also a powerful engine of economic activity and technological innovation.As the level of digitalization increases and the volume of data in society and the economy grows,harnessing and producing insights from data will be critical to maintaining nat

13、ional competitiveness and driving economic prosperity.Payments data offers a unique snapshot of macroeconomic and microeconomic behaviors and trends.Due to its granularity,payments data also allows for different levels of aggregation,which enable a nuanced understanding of spend patterns.Payments da

14、ta presents three important areas of opportunity for governments today:As the tourism sector recovers from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,payments data can help public tourism bodies steer toward better informed campaigns supported by more effective budget allocation.Understanding consumer beha

15、vior and spending patterns enables tourism entities to offer tailored serviceshelping them stand out in an increasingly competitive international environment.In urban planning,payments data can help public authorities understand the economic impact of climate change,model future scenarios,and make b

16、etter strategic decisions.Payments data is invaluable for city managers,allowing them to better plan initiatives related to sustainable street design or public mobility and to gain unique and valuable insights into the financial impact of different options.And in the area of macroeconomic foresight,

17、the accelerated adoption of digital payments throughout the COVID crisis has positioned payments data as one of the strongest indicators of economic recovery and growth in the post-pandemic world.“Nowcasting”based on payments data is faster than official statistics and also enriches them,in many cas

18、es improving the outputs.Data privacy and security are arguably the most important issues facing governments as they work with data.Responsible data use and data sharing principles and frameworks should ensure the protection of citizen rights,and simultaneously promote innovation and the intrinsic v

19、alue generated for the public sector,private companies,and citizens.However,there is often a patchwork of regulations across sectors and regions:more coordinated,harmonized,and interoperable frameworks will be critical to ensuring the responsible and ethical global use of data.Looking ahead,governme

20、nts that include payments data in their data warehouses can capture powerful insights,benefit from more informed policy development,and gain the ability to measure and monitor policy outcomes and impact.Partnerships with the private sector can enhance governments data science expertise and accelerat

21、e data-based innovation.Through such collaboration,governments can position themselves as leaders in their countries by setting the standards around data governance and ethical standards,while also realizing rich market and economic insights.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sec

22、tor 2About the studyThis study has been commissioned and developed in collaboration between Visaa global payments organizationand Kearneya global management consulting firm.Our mutual goal is to engage with government officials and policymakersinspiring them to collaborate and leverage the opportuni

23、ties provided by digital payments to enhance public-sector services and maximize value for society and the economy.The study was conducted between June and September 2022.All insights,recommendations,and conclusions featured in this study are based on data and information sourced both before the COV

24、ID-19 pandemic and during the last two years of the pandemic.Primary research20+government officials and leaders of public-private partnerships10+Kearney Financial Services experts,with experience at the intersection of payments and public sector13Visa subject matter experts across different geograp

25、hies and functionsSecondary research105+data sources referenced in the white paper30+research and content pieces by international organizations,e.g.,the World Bank,the Asian Development Bank,the European Commission,the UN,the OECD35+reports of programs and studies published by public sector entities

26、Global examples40+programs deploying Payments data solutions,including focus area,description,and results3 in-depth case studies of flagship Payments data solutions across different geographiesThe case studies span several themes tourism,urban planning,sustainability,economic insightsThe Powerful Ro

27、le Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 31.IntroductionIn todays economies,data underpins everything from international production processes to global e-commerce and is set to grow in both importanceand volume.In 2021,on average,200 terabits of dataflowed through global cables every single se

28、cond.Among public authorities and international organizations alike,there is growing recognition of the huge contribution that data and responsible publicprivate data collaboration1 can make to the prosperity of citizens and businesses.In early 2020,the European Commission introduced the Data Act,wh

29、ich sets out rules for fair access toand use ofdata.The Act was expected to ensure fairness in the digital environment,stimulate a competitive data market,open opportunities for data-driven innovation,and make data more accessible for all.The COVID-19 pandemic(referred to as“the pandemic”,the“COVID

30、pandemic”,the“COVID crisis”,or“COVID-19”hereafter)lent further impetus to the digital adoption and consumption of data,highlighting datas power to drive better policy decisions and benefit society.For example,Tyrola federal province of Austriaimplemented a wastewater monitoring program for tracking

31、the spatial distribution and temporal trends of COVID-19 at the community level.The program provided valuable insights into the development of the pandemic situation,represented an early-warning system,provided alerts about bursts of disease activity,and enabled the assessment of the effectiveness o

32、f response measures.Beyond COVID-19,data has proven its value in a number of situations over the years.Mobile network operators create mobility insights,dashboards,and other decision-making tools,generated from anonymized and aggregated telecommunications data.Their value has been demonstrated in ad

33、dressing different global challenges,ranging from the possibilities offered by models to better understand the spread of Zika in Brazil to interactive dashboards that aid emergency services during earthquakes and floods in Japan.1 A publicprivate collaboration consists of a partnership between a pub

34、lic organization and a private entity,where the latter provides a product or service to the former,in order to co-design a solution that addresses a public sector challenge.Data has the power to unlock and create enormous value when it is underpinned by transparent and accountable systems for data s

35、haring.It can also enable governments to address some of the most pressing challenges the world is facing today.With the public sector more focused than ever on ensuring that funds are spent effectively,data can help local and national governments develop informed and efficient policy responses.It c

36、an also support the post-COVID recovery of the tourism sector,help tackle congestion and improve air quality in cities,and develop ground-breaking remote diagnosis systems.This paper focuses on three areas where data could play a valuable role in informing and shaping public sector strategies and de

37、cisions:(i)travel and tourism,(ii)urban planning and sustainability,and(iii)macroeconomic foresight.We focus in particular onpayments data,exploring its unique ability to providegovernments with unrivalled economic insights.We also highlight real-world examples of successfulsolutions where the publi

38、c sector has deployed payments data in close collaboration with the private sector to tackle some of the biggest challenges facing society and the economy.This paper showcases effective practices and learnings of governments that are leading the way in this high-potential area.This paper identifies

39、the gaps between where the world stands today in terms of generating societal value from commercial publicprivate partnerships,where it could be in the future,and what needs to be done to get there.It also encourages consideration of the many opportunities and benefits that payments data could deliv

40、er for the public sector.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 4What is data?Data is factual information used as a reference or basis for analysis,reasoning,or decision-making.It includes text,audio,and video information.According to the International Smart Cities Network,dat

41、a is in its nature unlike any other resource:it is non-rivalrous and non-excludable,meaning that many actors can use it and reuse it as many times as they want,and for different purposes,without impacting its quantity or quality.Furthermore,data can be even more valuable when used in combination wit

42、h other datasets and leveraged for analytics and actionable insights.In this paper,we cover digital data onlyinformation in electronic form,as opposed to hard-copy.The datasets referenced in this paper include those captured by telecommunications companies(calls,geotagging),smart sensors(car parking

43、,mobility metrics),and financial services providers(aggregated card transactions).The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 52.Why is data important?Data is a powerful engine of economic activity and technological innovation.As the volume of data produced worldwide grows,there is

44、 an opportunity to harness and produce insights from data that unlocks economic prosperity.2.1.Exponential growth of dataAccording to IDC,the Global DataSphere is expected to more than double in size from 2022 to 2026.Adoption of data-reliant technologies is growing among businesses of all sizes.41

45、percent of EU enterprises2 used cloud computing in 2021mostly for hosting their e-mail systems and storing files electronically.By the same year,almost a third of all EU enterprises(29 percent)were using the Internet of Things(IoT),and 8 percent had already adopted Artificial Intelligence technologi

46、es.In 2020,across the EU countries,19 percent of enterprises had received orders online.2 EU enterprises with at least 10 employees and self-employed people.3 The EU-27 consists of the 27 states that are members of the European Union,as of February 1,2020.4 The value of the data economy is the value

47、 of the direct,indirect,and induced impacts of data-driven innovation on the EU economy.2.2.Data can drive economic growthData can significantly boost GDP.Data access and sharing can help generate social and economic benefits worth between 0.1 and 1.5 percent of GDP in the case of public sector data

48、,and between 1.0 and 2.5 percent of GDP when also including private-sector data.The European Commission,the Lisbon Council,and IDC estimated the value of the EU-273 data economy4 at nearly USD482bn(EUR422bn)in 2020.The new European data regulationthe Data Actis expected to add USD305bn(EUR270bn)to G

49、DP by 2028.Enhanced access to data creates new business opportunities,facilitates business cooperation across sectors and countries,boosts user-driven innovation,and enables“super additive”insights.Global exports of digitally deliverable serviceswhich rely on technology and data for their deliveryha

50、ve grown faster than the total services exports over the past 15 years.The total value of global digitally deliverable services has almost tripled since 2005 from USD1.2tn in 2005 to USD3.2tn in 2019.During that period,the share of digitally deliverable services in all services trade rose from 45 pe

51、rcent to 52 percent.Technological innovation has played an important role creating new job opportunities.Between 2019 and 2021,there was a noticeable increase in the total number of data professionals.The average number of data professionals per company also increased,as did their share of total emp

52、loyment in the EU-27.The number of data professionals is expected to reach 8.15mn in the EU-27 by 2025,equating to 1.65mn new positions from 20202025.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 62.3.Big data is an engine of innovationBig data has helped fuel rapid innovation throug

53、h faster iterative learning.Several innovative technologies rely heavily on big data for their operation.In the transport space,self-driving vehicles(SDVs)can share and process data across the network of SDVs to calculate the timing and location of traffic jamsenabling drivers to avoid them entirely

54、.The healthcare industry also leverages big data for more precise identification of at-risk populations and better surveillance of communicable and non-communicable diseases.And airplane engine manufacturers can use sensors to spot weaknesses and error patternsboth on prototypes and on engines alrea

55、dy in use.2.4.The data balancing actData represents an invaluable resource for the public sector.Its potential for creating more efficient public services,informing policy making and decision-making,and opening new forms of citizen participation is immeasurable.According to researchers,the opportuni

56、ties created through data will trigger a change in society similar to that experienced upon the arrival of electricity.But there is growing momentum to ensure that data is used in ways that respect the public interest and deliver trustworthy outcomes.The OECD highlights growing concerns around the u

57、se of data,stating that data should be managed with integrity and that ethical considerations must be incorporated into public sector decision-making.For data usage to match its potential for good,it must be accompanied by accountability and responsibility.When it comes to data,governments commonly

58、are working toward two important objectives:(i)responsible data sharing and(ii)innovation through the use of data.Commercial data collaborations underpinned by robust ethical standards can facilitate the creation of innovative data solutions that are valuable for both public and private stakeholders

59、.For example,in the payments industry,transaction data is critical for fraud detection from the moment a payment is initiated with a merchant,as powerful artificial intelligence models analyze hundreds of risk attributes.In the tourism sector,dashboards that capture insights from mobility and spend

60、data allow public bodies to maximize a destinations attractivenesscreating direct financial benefits for the administration and private companies in the area and at the same time improving tourists experience.What is big data?Big data is data with large size and complexity.Big data is characterized

61、by its volume(enormous size),variety(heterogeneous sources and the nature of data,both structured and unstructured),velocity(high-speed generation of data),and variability(inconsistencies sometimes hampering effective data management).According to SAS,big data analytics examines large amounts of dat

62、a to uncover hidden patterns,correlations,and other insights.The combination of different datasets can provide a more complete and more accurate picture.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 73.Payments data:an invaluable dataset5Data-driven decision-making can deliver many w

63、ell-documented benefits for the public sector,including greater accuracy,precision,and efficiency.While different types of data have their own advantages,payments data6 comes with its own unique attributes.Payments data is information collected when consumers insert a card,touch,click,or tap to make

64、 a payment.It includes personal identification data7,information about the transaction(e.g.,details of the merchant,location/purpose of the transaction),and data about the payment instrument used(e.g.,cardholders account number,card expiration date).At an aggregated level,payments data can provide a

65、 snapshot into macro and microeconomic trends as explained by spend patterns.5 Content from interviews and materials provided by Visa subject matter experts.6 Payments data discussed herein is aggregated and anonymized.7 Personal data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable

66、living individual.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 8Payments data has some particularly valuable characteristics:Accessibility.Data is collected automatically when digital payments are made,with no need for infrastructure or technology investment.Accuracy.Payments data i

67、s not dependent on self-assessment and reflects actions consumers have actually taken,rather than actions or intentions they have reported(e.g.,as opposed to determining hotel occupancy based on bookings,which tourists may not have actually occupied).Timeliness.Datasets are real-time and can be proc

68、essed very quickly.This makes payments data faster to pinpoint shifts in customer sentiment or economic conditionsparticularly in comparison to traditional statistics.Granularity.Different cuts of aggregated and anonymized payments data can provide unique insights.For example,payments data can hone

69、in on geographical coordinates(e.g.,specific postal codes in a city),customer profiles(e.g.,tourists from a particular country of origin),or merchant category(e.g.,the purchase of smartwatches).These deep insights into human behavior can be scaled up to a macro-level view of cities and countries.Unl

70、ike some other data types,payments data can generate comprehensive economic insights revealing how much consumers spend,what they buy,and where and when they prefer to shop.Only tax data can offer a comparable depth of insight into economic valuebut at significantly higher cost and with a longer tim

71、e lag.8 Based on 73 countries,as published by Global Data.Payments data and the associated customer spend insights are now providing an increasingly comprehensive picture of consumer spending.Lockdowns and social distancing rules during the COVID pandemic made the use of cash much more complicated.T

72、hey also vastly increased consumers preference for paying digitally,especially for online shopping.In the U.K.,prior to the pandemic,an average of around 30 percent of card spending occurred online.In April 2020,this rose to as high as 45 percent as people turned to online shopping during the first

73、lockdown.Some governments actively discouraged their citizens from using coins and notes.Countries around the world have expanded contactless payments and significantly increased the spending limit on an individual contactless card payment.For example,Canada raised its limit by USD120(CAD150),Bahrai

74、n by USD80(BHD30),and New Zealand by USD85(NZD120)making the new limits in these countries 150 percent higher than originally.These changes have contributed to the number of digital payments skyrocketing.By March 2021,Visa reported increases of more than 40 percent in tap-to-pay transactions globall

75、y,and 1bn additional touch-free transactions in Europeless than a year since contactless limits had increased across the region.Meanwhile,the World Bank FINDEX database revealed that 12 percent of adults in Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)made their first digital in-store merchant payment after

76、the COVID-19 pandemic started.Consumers tendency to use digital payments instead of cash has been supported by a significant increase in the number of digital acceptance locations from 13.4 point of sale(PoS)terminals per 1,000 inhabitants in 2016 to almost 22 per 1,000 in 20218.The acceleration of

77、digital payments means that payments data now spans almost all sectors of the economy,providing more and deeper insights into spend behavior and patterns than ever before.This makes payments data a highly valuable resource for supporting public administration officials in making decisions and shapin

78、g policy.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 94.Three payments data opportunities4.1.Travel and tourism4.1.1.ContextTravel and tourism are sectors of significant economic importance for economies around the globe.Prior to the pandemic,the tourism sector directly contributed

79、 4.7 percent of GDP and 6.9 percent of employment,and tourism generated 20.5 percent of service-related exports in OECD countries,on average.More than 800mn international tourist arrivals were registered in 2019 across OECD countries.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 10Th

80、e COVID-19 pandemic has hit tourism hard.In 2020,tourism suffered its greatest crisis on record.International arrivals plunged by 73 percent as the COVID-19 pandemic prompted nearly all governments around the world to introduce travel restrictions,including closing their borders to tourists.The shoc

81、k has been unprecedented even in countries that saw the smallest falls in international arrivals in 2020,with inbound tourism remaining significantly below 2019 levels through 2021.For example,international tourists to Mexico declined by 46 percent in 2020,despite an open border strategy and the thi

82、rd-highest number of arrivals among OECD countries.Australia,Canada,Israel,Japan,and Korea saw declines of more than 80 percent in inbound arrivals in 2020.This dramatic decline in travel led to massive losses in revenues for tourism-dependent economies.Tourism accounted for 77 cents of every one do

83、llar of lost revenue from the decline in service exports in OECD countries in 2020.This increases to 90 cents of every one dollar when passenger transport receipts are included.The shock from COVID-19 saw the average direct contribution of tourism to GDP fall to 2.8 percent in 2020 across OECD count

84、ries9.This equates to an average decline of 1.9 percentage points compared to pre-COVID-19.Tourisms share of total employment fell to 4.3 percent in the same regiondown 0.8 percentage points10.COVID-induced travel disruption forced many governments to rethink their response to new issues.The crisis

85、triggered by COVID-19 presents a unique opportunity to rethink tourism policy and take steps so the measures put in place today can shape a more resilient,sustainable,and inclusive tourism economy for the future.The pandemic made it painfully clear that historical data-driven models were no longer f

86、it for purpose,leaving governments struggling to predict tourism demand.New challenges have emerged,including determining health restrictions,navigating booking windows,engaging international audiences,adjusting to smaller budgets and staff,and rethinking messaging.In addition,a lagging travel recov

87、ery has forced governments to more aggressively compete for a much smaller pool of travelers and to optimize spending.In the process,the role of governments and destination management organizations(DMOs)has evolved beyond simply marketing a destination to actively driving change in the tourism secto

88、r by managing a complex matrix of stakeholder interests.9 Where data was available.10 Percentage point is the unit for the arithmetic difference of two percentages.This definition applies to the remainder of this whitepaper where the term“percentage point(s)”is used.Data and market intelligence are

89、critical for the recovery of the travel and tourism sector.Weaker economic growth,the geopolitical implications of the RussiaUkraine conflict,and rising inflation and interest rates could also translate into a decreased ability or desire to travel,as well as higher travel costs for consumers.This pu

90、ts additional pressure on tourism bodies to invest wisely into attraction campaigns.Some tourists now have limited budgets,and many are likely to choose to take one big trip to a single destination,rather than many trips to multiple destinations.The OECD cautions that“innovative solutions are needed

91、 in many countries to survive the turbulent times ahead.”The pandemic has reinforced the urgency to have new tourism data measures and complementary data sources to react quickly under uncertainty,and this will be more evident as governments look to measure new sustainable policies.As the sector mov

92、es toward recovery,data and market intelligence have the ability to play a critical role in empowering destinations,businesses,and tourism officials to be better prepared in a rapidly changing landscape.Robust data and analytics may be essential for the travel and tourism sector to reconfigure,enabl

93、e,and measure the effectiveness of customer segmentation and marketing/promotional spending.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 114.1.2.Payments data opportunityPayments data could play a key role in the recovery of the tourism sector:New strategies for growing the tourism

94、sector.Understanding tourism expenditure is vital for countries,cities,and destinations that rely on tourism.Payments data can help them identify top feeder regions based on spending and understand which segments visitors are spending on most.Access to this data can steer tourism ministries toward m

95、ore strategic and informed initiatives and campaigns.It can enable destinations to measure the impact of travel and tourism in specific locations,and forecast the potential of large-scale events to draw in visitors and revenue.In addition,it can help effectively allocate tourism budgets and resource

96、s by visitor country of origin,as well as support capacity planning and infrastructure investments.At the government level,payments data could support travel-and tourism-related policy-making such as investments into infrastructure or services appropriate for growth sectors like ecotourism and leisu

97、re and recreational tourism.Finally,as DMOs transform themselves from destination marketing organizations into destination management organizations,payments data can inform decision-making not only on tourism development alone,but also on the impact of tourism on local residentsfor example,regarding

98、 overtourism or support for local businesses.New Zealand.For example,in New Zealand,the government uses an experimental dataset containing a time series for international visitor expenditure in New Zealand.This data is based on model estimates from electronic card transactions and international visi

99、tor numbers and is an alternative way of estimating visitor expenditure.Based on this and other data11,the Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment has been publishing a Tourism Recovery Dashboard,tracking the border reopening and its effect on the recovery of the tourism sector from the COVID

100、-19 pandemic.These statistics helped identify at what point of time holiday and vacation visitors exceeded friends and family visitors and that it was the U.K.and U.S.card spend which led the recovery to 2019 levels.11 Data for the dashboard includes StatsNZ provisionalborder crossing and visitor ar

101、rival data,Sabre flight capacity,Marketview international electronic card spend,and Immigration New Zealand visa approval and arrival figures for the Working Holiday Scheme visa.The decision to use card transaction data is grounded in New Zealands status as a mature economy,with high adoption of car

102、d payments and a strong card acceptance infrastructure.In 2020,there were 362 card transactions per capita in New Zealand74 percent more than in Singapore(207)and 10 percent more than in Sweden(328)indicating a strong adoption of cashless transactions.South Korea.Since 2015,KT Corporation(KT)and the

103、 Korea Tourism Organization(KTO)have worked together to revitalize South Koreas tourism sector.As part of this drive,KT developed the Travel Intelligence Platform(TIP),which leverages mobile telecommunications and credit card data to provide periodic tourism statistics and analysis of tourists patte

104、rns in specific areas.The resulting analysis informs and facilitates KTOs development of tourism strategies and policies.During the COVID-19 pandemic,TIP has been used to determine the number of domestic visitors and analyze their expenditure patterns.Having access to data that can offer insights in

105、to domestic tourists demands,behaviors,and willingness to engage in tourism-related activities has enabled KT and KTO to design attractive products and boost recovery.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 12Differentiated marketing by visitor profile.Payments data can reveal

106、differences in spend and preferences between visitors coming from different parts of the world,enabling DMOs to invest in effective marketing campaigns.Spend data can“zoom in”on visitors from a specific country and track their behavior,e.g.,what are the main attractions they are interested in,whethe

107、r they stay in one or more locations,and whether they return to a site that they have previously visited.Payments data can also highlight post-COVID-19 changesfor example,by revealing“top feeder”regions that were previously big contributors to the visitor economy but have not recovered post-pandemic

108、 as they require extensive travel time to reach or are no longer as attractive.By developing regionally specific barometers that show the amount of money being spent on certain products and services,payments data can capture more precisely the tourists socio-spatial behaviorwith a high degree of geo

109、graphical granularity.Understanding consumer behavior,spending patterns,and trends opens up an opportunity to offer locations and services best suited to visitors preferences.By understanding how trips taken by different types of tourists vary in duration and spend amount,marketers are able to diffe

110、rentiate their strategies for longer-staying and high-spending visitors.Dubai.Hala China is a first of its kind initiative for Dubai,aimed at exploring opportunities to attract Chinese visitors.Launched by Meraaspart of Dubai HoldingDubais Hala China initiative was conceived to foster economic devel

111、opment through tourism,trade,and investment.Hala China includes new tourism packages that cater to Chinese visitors in seven categoriesstay,shop,eat,play,explore,wellness,and concierge.The initiative has seen several key government ministries and companies in Dubai and China team up to organize even

112、ts and incentives designed to further strengthen bilateral relations.Chinese tourists are some of the biggest spenders in Dubaisecond only to travelers from the Gulf in terms of their total card spending.Initiatives like Hala China saw Chinese spending in Dubai grow by more than 50 percent.The Dubai

113、 Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing counted almost 300,000 Chinese visitors per quarter before the COVID-19 pandemic hit.Japan.In 2015,the government launched the Regional Economy and Society Analyzing System.This groundbreaking tool converts economic and social data into easy-to-understan

114、d visualizations,allowing users to understand regional development metrics or process the data on their own.Various types of data are behind a series of nine map visualizations,on metrics ranging from population to corporate activity or urban development.Under one of the nine visualization maps,name

115、ly the Consumption Map,credit card payments data provided by Visa is used to show a comparison of consumption by foreigners across Japans regions.The provided maps and graphs show the amount of card consumption,the number of transactions,and the transaction unit price for foreign visitors spending.D

116、ifferent regions of the country can thus be compared looking at the total value of consumption or at spending in specific categories.Likewise,the spending habits of tourists by nationality are also recorded and can be used to develop marketing strategies tailored to the regions main attraction point

117、s.Another visualization,the Tourism Map,allows regional administrations in Japan to obtain information on visitor movement patterns,popular places of interest,and preferred tourism routes.In Niseko,a town on Hokkaido Island,the local administration used such information to decide on the promotion of

118、 tourism consumption in the town centered on the charm of food.The city of Obihiro looked at foreign tourism data to perform an analysis on inter-cities cooperation in Eastern Hokkaido for attracting foreign tourists.According to Eurostat,full utilization of big data by national tourism organization

119、s,destination management organizations,and national statistics offices will take some time.In the near term,big data will become an auxiliary data source to official surveys.In the medium term,it will gradually be integrated with traditional data sources.And in the longer term,big data will become t

120、he predominant source.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 13Using payments data for tourism development in Australias Gold Coast region12In 2020,the City of Gold Coast decided to leverage payments data to help it make more informed decisions on its economic development and

121、investments in tourism and events.The City also wanted to explore opportunities for economic growth and promote the citys strengths.In partnership with Visa,the government council developed a dedicated tourism insights dashboard based on VisaNet transaction data.The payments data helped the City of

122、Gold Coast to develop an evidence-based methodology for the analysis of events and their impact on the local economy.Officials can identify the flow of economic benefit not just to the localized event area,but also to precincts in the vicinity.Precinct analysis enables them to understand a precincts

123、 catchment and assists in determining zoning and infrastructure decisions,as well as potential requirements for enhanced service provision.The local government has also been using Visa tourism dashboards to get a better understanding of the Citys primary visitor destinations and how they responded t

124、o the pandemic.Analyzing spending on a daily basis allowed them to observe a surprisingly quick recovery in spending by domestic visitors after extended periods of border restrictions.Additionally,intrastate economic activity was vital to the citys recovery from the initial COVID-19 lockdown,as spen

125、ding from within Queensland grew in 2020 despite months of restrictions on travel.Other insights include the disproportionate impact of border restrictions and lockdowns on tourism-and leisure-oriented merchants,with spend in these sectors declining by 33 to 90 percent.When restrictions were removed

126、,these areas saw the largest recovery.At the same time,lockdowns had a varying effect on residential spend depending on their timing.When lockdowns occurred during the week,average spend declined by 33 percent,but lockdowns that happened at weekends led to a 54 percent drop as they also hit daytrip

127、visitor activity.All in all,the experience of the City of Gold Coast emphasizes both the versatility of payments data as input for tourism and local policy-making,as well as the importance of generating insights tailored to local concerns.12 Information in this case study was gathered and confirmed

128、through direct communication with Tanya Lipus,Executive Coordinator Smart City,City of Gold Coast,Australia.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 144.2.Urban planning and sustainability4.2.1.ContextThe world is facing unprecedented urban growth.More than half of the worlds po

129、pulation lives in cities,and that figure is expected to grow to 68 percent by 2050.Moreover,a UN report from 2018 estimated that by 2050,the world could have more than 40 megacitiescities with more than 10mn inhabitantsup from 33 at 2018.Most of these will be in Asia,Africa,and LAC,raising challenge

130、s for both governments and local administrations.Given cities unstoppable growth,its important for public administrations to understand how investments in urban design could be planned in a more sustainable and effective way.Sustainable development is the biggest challenge in urban planning and mana

131、gement.Cities consume two-thirds of global energy and account for more than 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.At the same time,continuous urban expansion at rates much higher than population growth has resulted in a massive urban footprint.Known as“urban sprawl”,this phenomenon puts addi

132、tional pressure on land and natural resources.The cities energy demands are increasing along with their vulnerability to disasters and climate shocks such as heat stress,flooding,and health emergencies.These challenges put increasing pressure on critical urban infrastructure and on local administrat

133、ions as they strive to provide fair living opportunities to all citizens and reduce the marginalization of the poor.Some governments are addressing this threat to the existence of cities through climate-sensitive urban planning.This solution has significant potential to drive job creation,poverty re

134、duction,efficient use of resources,improved public health,and reduced pollution.In 2019,President Joko Widodo announced that Indonesias capital will move to the island of Borneo in order to save sinking and congested Jakarta.Planning for the new capital cityNusantarahas considered equitable and bala

135、nced development,accommodated large-scale investments,and envisioned an ideal urban area that is carrying the Future City Direction,following three main missionsnational identity,sustainability,and a modern smart city with international standards.Data is a powerful tool for cities.Urban planners can

136、 benefit from aggregated and anonymized data generated by street sensors,public space monitors,pollution dashboards,location data from residents mobile phone apps,and other private sources.Community participation in urban design and governance has even been encouraged through videogames.The novel id

137、ea that the video game Minecraft can be used for public participation was created in 2012 by UN-Habitat,the UN program for sustainable urbanization,and the Swedish gaming studio Mojang.Today,with the support of the Block by Block Foundation including Mojang and Microsoft,UN-Habitat has over the year

138、s developed Block by Block into a robust public participation methodology which has been used in urban projects in more than 75 cities.Data can be a main contributor to solving urban sustainability challenges.Data insights could help reveal the economic impacts of climate change,as well as the inves

139、tment potential of climate-smart urban infrastructure.It also allows for the experimentation and evaluation of the impact of new sustainable solutions.This is particularly important given the size of required investment to address climate change and limited public sector budgets.The Powerful Role Pa

140、yments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 154.2.2.Payments data opportunityDeploying payments data in urban planning can help authorities benchmark cities,understand behavior patterns,and model future scenarios.Data relevant for city planners includes spending location,timeline,and amount,as well as

141、 the consumers demographic profile.Smarter evaluation of urban planning initiatives.Payments data provides insights into the impact of the urban environment on dwellers spending behaviorreflecting their everyday preferences and potential problems.As such,payments data is invaluable for city planners

142、.It allows them to better assess initiatives related to sustainable street design,such as pedestrian zones transformations,land repurposing,and electrical transportation and to gain unique and valuable insights into the financial impact of different options.Payments data can also be used to identify

143、 and predict patterns of commercial activity.This can help urban planners and commercial developers better understand the connection between residents travel and their shopping behaviorinforming decisions related to commercial center development,retail categories of interest,and the public transport

144、ation network.13 GHD is a global professional services company that provides integrated solutions through its expertise in engineering,environmental design,and construction.14 Information in this case study was gathered and confirmed in an interview with Steve Scott,Executive Leader of GHD Advisory

145、UK.U.K.Several cities in the U.K.,including Bath,York,and Newcastle,are partnering with GHDs13 people movement and crowd dynamics team to obtain an aggregated view of spatial dynamics and economics of their city centers.Visa payments data,mobility data,and other mass-datasets are used to analyze mov

146、ement,spend,and dwell in the cities.The insights are packaged in a dashboard and are used by the cities in a variety of ways,from building resilience to disaster events to planning for urban regeneration,assessing the economic impact of clean air zones,or identifying locations for electric vehicle c

147、harging.The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified public administrations need for data-based insights.In recent work with the Scottish Government14,GHD determined the impact of the pandemic on mobility and spend in the countrys largest cities.The granularity of the employed data confirmed the assumption t

148、hat each place is uniquethe pandemics effect on each city largely depended on its catchment and position in the urban hierarchy.While some cities proved to be self-sustaining,others that were previously benefitting from non-resident commuters coming there to work and spend were more seriously affect

149、ed.Moreover,there was a recurring theme in different data analysesthe economic dynamics and role of big cities with city centers versus satellite cities has changed.Life has become more locally focused,and this trend seems here to stay.“We live in a continuously disruptive state.Real and immediate d

150、ata on changes in citizens behavior allows governments to answer with agility to unexpected challengesand in this lies the key value of data.Questions can be answered as and when they are asked.”Steve Scott,Executive Leader of GHD Advisory UKThe Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sec

151、tor 16New York City,U.S.New York City has been at the forefront of creating new models for sustainable urban development.Most notably,it has designed initiatives to help make the streets more welcoming spaces.Metrics deployed by the New York City Department of Transportation(DOT)revealed that higher

152、 retail sales result from street projects that improve safety and design and welcome pedestrians,cyclists,and transit riders.For example,in the three years following the installation of bicycle lanes and a tree-lined median in Brooklyns Vanderbilt Avenue,retail sales doubledsignificantly outperformi

153、ng borough-and city-wide trends.In 2010,DOT simplified the intersection of Amsterdam and St.Nicholas Avenues in Harlem,creating new public space and changing the traffic pattern.As a result,stores in the area experienced a 48 percent rise in salesbeating the Manhattan average for the same period and

154、 outstripping the performance of nearby streets.Retail sales databased on card transactionscan be used to help address the concerns of local residents and business owners regarding the impact of potential projects,replacing anecdotal experience with comprehensive data and activating the business com

155、munity in support of appropriately designed projects.Such empirical resultscomparing the situation before and after implementation,along a set of predefined success factorscan also allow cities to link street design more closely with economic development goals.15 Closed-loop smart cards are typicall

156、y issued by transport operators and can only be used within their private ticketing system.In open-loop systems,passengers can use their bank-issued contactless credit or debit card,mobile wallets,or smart devices to pay the fares.Making public transportation more sustainable and efficient.In cities

157、 around the world,administrators and urban planners leverage payments data to make the public transportation systems more environmentally sustainable and logistically efficient.For example,authorities could use smart card or contactless payments data to identify intense movement between parts of a c

158、ity,which could point to a need for additional direct travel routes.Similarly,by using payments data to pinpoint passengers origin and destination,transport authorities can identify gaps in available first-and last-mile public transport.Identification of peak travel times and ridership trends within

159、and amongneighborhoods can help plan more effective transportation routes and frequency and,as a result,increase ridership,efficiency,and sustainability.Closed-and open-loop public transit systems15powered by smart digital payment solutionshave long proven their benefits and are becoming a priority

160、for big cities.U.K.Launched in 2020,Transport for Londons(TfL)Go travel app provides real-time train times and information in a mobile-friendly way,enabling customers travelling on the Tube,bus,and rail services across London to make more informed decisions about travelthus helping reduce congestion

161、 and overcrowding.TfL has been using ticketing data to understand travel patterns on the network,with quiet times data in TfL Go based largely on data from TfLs Oyster smart card and contactless ticketing system which records entry and exits at stations.More recently,the Go app has been fed aggregat

162、ed and depersonalized data from TfLs Wi-Fi network to provide customers with real-time information on how busy Tube stations are at any particular point of the day.The fact that customers can choose quieter times to travel around the city helps build confidence as more people continue to return to p

163、ublic transport.Open-loop systems further support public transports inclusion and attractiveness by facilitating fare capping.This pricing model uses account-based fare collection to ensure that commuters get the best price per ride,every time they use the public transit system.The Powerful Role Pay

164、ments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 17Italy.In February 2022,Italian transit operator Azienda Mobilit e Trasporti launched a pilot of open-loop contactless fare payments in Genoa.The system allows customers to benefit from the best fares proposalscalculated on the basis of length of trip and th

165、e number of travelerswith the use of a single payment card,up to four people.Thanks to this innovative set-up,for the first time in Italy,users can access fare-capped rates dedicated to groups,such as the 24-hour ticket for four people.Fare capping,which combines digital payments technology with dat

166、a-based intelligent pricing,allows low-income groups who cannot afford to pay upfront for a weekly or monthly card to enjoy the benefits of the cheaper priceeven when paying for one ride at a time.This enables agencies to make the service more accessible and attract new users.Genoa thus becomes one

167、of the more than 100 cities that have enabled contactless payments at the European level to facilitate and develop public transport systems,confirming digital payment instruments significant role in the return to the use of urban means of transport.There is also a growing trend for city authorities

168、to release APIs(Application Programming Interfaces)to encourage developers and community organizations to use open data.16 The Global Resilient Cities Network is a city-led organization that drives urban resilience action.Mexico.In 2020,Visa partnered with the Global Resilient Cities Network16the wo

169、rlds leading urban resilience network,pioneered by The Rockefeller Foundationto launch the Resilient Cities Shaping a Digital World program.Designed to advance digital transformation in LAC,the program helps member cities across LAC to design digital solutions in pursuit of a more resilient future,p

170、rotecting vulnerable communities from climate change and other physical,social,and economic urban adversities and challenges.It identified urban mobility as one of the key areas of focus for governments committed to creating an inclusive digital economy.As part of the program,the Jalisco state gover

171、nment in Mexico has been looking to invest in a top-of-the-art digital mobility solution.A new policy called“Mi Movilidad”(“My Mobility”)was implemented to modernize Jaliscos public transport and introduce digital payment options for transit fare.The open-loop system allows frictionless transfer bet

172、ween different modes of transport and reduces effort by eliminating the time spent recharging cards and paying for tickets.It also supports users financial autonomy as funds do not need to be allocated upfront to a single use,such as a pre-paid closed-loop card,without any way to access them for oth

173、er uses in case of need.Moreover,digital payments increase the amount of data available to transport operators and enable them to provide segments of the population with offers aimed at improving their access to mobility options,as well as their financial inclusion.In a second stage of the project,t

174、he Jalisco administration is looking to incorporate state subsidies into the mobility system with the goal of providing an additional incentive for those unbanked to join the financial system.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 18The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in

175、the Public Sector 194.3.Macroeconomic foresight4.3.1.ContextThe unexpectedand unprecedentedrestriction of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the experimentation with nowcasting:the use of real-time,high-frequency data sources to track economic activity.Central banks and macro

176、economists have always relied on data to monitor macroeconomic conditions.But the greater availability of real-time commercial datasets can enable more robust forecasting.Potential sources of data for economic nowcasting include financial market data,payment transactions,and transportation or locati

177、on data.Other possible sources are user behavior data from mobile devices,social media feeds,data collected through public sensors,IoT devices,or utility companies.These less frequently used data sources can provide some unique insights into macroeconomic activity.For example,nighttime satellite ima

178、gery can be used to indirectly observe the use of electricity at the local level.Similarly,nighttime lights,calculated from weather satellite recordings,are increasingly used by social scientists as a proxy for economic activity or economic development in subnational regions of developing countries

179、where disaggregated data from statistical offices are not available.In India,nighttime light intensity was used to estimate the impact of differential containment policies implemented by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic on aggregate economic activity.4.3.2.Payments data opportunityThe inc

180、reased availability of electronic payments data has spurred a flurry of recent research and publications.For example,Verbaan et al.(2017)analyzed whether the use of debit card payments data can improve the accuracy of Dutch private household consumption forecasts.In Spain,Bodas et al.(2019)replicate

181、d a retail sales index through point of sale transactions data.The accelerated adoption of digital payments throughout the COVID crisis positioned payments data as one of the strongest indicators of economic recovery and economic growth in the post-pandemic world.Payments data is particularly“useful

182、 in the monitoring,nowcasting and forecasting of retail sales,private consumption,and other related variables”and gauging the effects on households and businesses at national,regional,or local levels.Several countries have started collecting and publishing card transactions and looking for ways to l

183、everage them in macroeconomic monitoring and forecasting.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 20Macroeconomic monitoring and forecasting.Nowcasting is relevant in economics because key statistics on the present state of the economy are published with a significant delay.This

184、 is particularly true for those collected on a quarterly basis,with GDP being a prominent example.For example,the first official estimate of GDP in the U.K.is published approximately six weeks after the end of the reference quarter.U.K.In the U.K.,the Office for National Statistics(ONS)is deploying

185、early experimental data and analysis to create faster indicators of economic activity and social change.The ONS uses real-time indicators to monitor U.K.spending using debit and credit cards.These indicators track the daily CHAPS17 payments made by credit and debit card payment processors to around

186、100 major U.K.retail corporatesin both real-world and online channelssince the start of COVID.This data gives the ONS visibility of consumer activity across four broad retailer groups:(1)Staplesessential goods such as utilities and groceries,(2)Work relatedpublic transport and fuel,(3)Delayablediscr

187、etionary goods such as clothing and furniture,and(4)Socialleisure services such as holidays and eating out.In addition,the ONS suspended the International Passenger Survey in March 2020,which was feeding into estimates of the international trade in travel services.Instead,it produced early modelled

188、estimates of travel services,based on anonymized foreign-issued card spend processed through Barclays PoS and“card not present”channels.The ONS also utilized additional indicators of the volume of travel provided by the Civil Aviation Authority and Eurotunnel.U.S.The U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis(

189、BEA)has also been researching the use of card transaction data as an early barometer of spending in the U.S.,to inform their spending estimates and address the need for more complete source data about services.The traditional set of consumption statisticsretail sales from the Census Bureaus surveysa

190、re often revised considerably and do not include any subnational detail for analysis of regional shocks.Moreover,the Census Bureaus Quarterly Services Report is not available to BEA for their advance estimates of GDP,instead becoming available only for their second estimate.17 Clearing House Automat

191、ed Payment System.Other data sources,such as the Consumer Expenditure Survey,have limited sample sizes at smaller geographies and are only available after a lag of a year or two.This has prompted BEA to use payment card transactions data in order to inform their estimates of this unavailable source

192、data.Personal consumption expenditures account for nearly 70 percent of the countrys GDP and are therefore a strong indicator of the cyclical position of the economy.Noticing the public and policymakers increased need for more frequent and timely data,since the start of the pandemic BEA has been pre

193、senting estimates using daily payment card data to measure the effects of the pandemic on spendingupdated approximately every two weeks.Credit card data can be especially useful for gauging economic activities during sharp economic fluctuations caused by unexpected events.Israel.As part of its COVID

194、 strategy,the Bank of Israel designed rapid indicators to show changes in the countrys economic trendsspanning areas such as the labor market,credit market,and the foreign exchange market.The payment system and means of payment were particularly relevant here,with indicators including cash withdrawa

195、ls by the public from ATMs,checking activity,and payment card activity.One indicator of particular interest was credit card activity by industry,which provided a clear picture of the intensity of COVID impact on various industries.The bank aimed to update and publish these indicators with weekly fre

196、quency.The Bank is also analyzing changes in energy consumption and mobility patterns among the population.Googles“Community Mobility Report”indices for mobility to workplaces,retail,and recreation areas are analyzed as real-time indicators of the state of the labor market and private consumption.Pa

197、yments data is also leveraged to validate economic growth forecasts and to shape policy measures and stimulus programs for the affected industries.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 21Crisis management.The pandemic demonstrated the power of data to facilitate a better,fast

198、er response to crises.With the world suddenly in uncharted territory,traditional data was unreliable,incomplete,and slow to enable decision-making.But policymakers were under pressure to respond rapidly.Data from multiplesometimes unconventionalsources,as well as accurate and timely reporting,were c

199、ritical components of crisis management,helping control the spread of infection.Australia.The Reserve Bank of Australia has used a wide range of timely information about household spending and activity to provide a real-time assessment of household consumption following the onset of the COVID-19 pan

200、demic.While national accounts data are not available until two months after the end of each quarter,the Bank has built up a consumption tracker drawing on information from a range of sources such as anonymized card transaction data,state government administrative data(including public transport use

201、and gambling revenue),restaurant bookings,flight departures,and mobility indicators.Card payments data were particularly important for the hospitality sector,as they provided an early read on hospitality spending as restrictions on dining out came into place.Insights from the detailed understanding

202、of household consumption responses during the pandemic have helped to inform the Banks view of the outlook for the economy.For example,high-frequency indicators showed that household activity snapped back to normal within days of lockdown restrictions being lifted.The observed smaller impact of lock

203、downs after the first lockdown episode was partly because households and businesses adapted and found ways to operate effectively while in lockdown.These observations led to a significant reduction in the precautionary behavior embedded within the Banks central forecasts for household consumption.18

204、 Information in this case study was gathered and confirmed in an interview with Dr.lvaro Ortiz,Head of Big Data Analysis at BBVA Research.U.K.The U.K.government launched the Eat Out to Help Out(EOHO)Scheme to support businesses reopening after the first COVID-19 lockdown and used transaction data to

205、 monitor its impact.The scheme was designed to protect jobs in the hospitality sector by encouraging consumers to eat out.Participating restaurants offered a 50 percent discount on food and non-alcoholic beverages consumed on the premises from Monday to Wednesday,up to the value of USD12.8(GBP10)per

206、 person.The ONS used card transaction data from the fintech company Revolut to analyze the spread of transactions at restaurants across days of the week,and the amount spent on those transactions.This data illustrated how the EOHO schemeand other discountshave modified consumer behavior and supporte

207、d the governments goal of boosting the hospitality sector.While the impact of the EOHO program has been questioned,the use of payments data to understand consumer spending patterns in near real-time and to support sector recovery through timely decision-making still stands as a relevant example of h

208、ow policies might be formulated in the future.“We are doing what we do for free and for society.Our work is a public good.It is important to understand what is happening in crisis times and be able to make better policy decisions.”Dr.lvaro Ortiz,Head of Big Data Analysis at BBVA Research18The Powerf

209、ul Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 22Using card transaction data for macroeconomic and urban economics insights BBVAPrivate-sector initiatives have proven particularly helpful in getting nowcasting off he ground in its early days.Over the past few years,BBVA Research has used its da

210、tabases of card transactions to develop and publish proprietary analysesfor example,on the impact of COVID-19 on consumption.The publicly available indices,along with customizable infographics,are based on aggregated and anonymized data from millions of transactions carried out with BBVA cards or re

211、gistered in BBVAs PoSs.In 2021,BBVA Research added an index to measure investments by firms and households and more recently they have added the remaining payment means(e.g.,cash,money transfers)to complete consumption measures.The development and applications of these innovative indicators have bee

212、n already presented at conferences organized by important institutions including the Bank of England,the Federal Reserve,the European Central Bank,the Bank of Canada,and the OECD.The BBVA team has recently participated in consultation meetings organized by the U.S.Academy of Sciences with national a

213、nd top world experts in a project to improve the U.S.Official Statistics.In its work,BBVA Research counts on a number of qualities that differentiate payments data.The real-time nature of digital payments bridges the time-lag characteristic of traditional statistics based on surveysa huge advantage

214、in uncertain times and a particularly important feature in countries where the time lag of official statistics is greater.Payments data is also available in“high-definition”,making it possible to determine macroeconomic changes in particular sectors and geographies(regions and cities down to suburbs

215、 and streets).Finally,payments data reflects actual behavior,rather than intended or reported actions in surveys.The distinction is relevant when analyzing spending in certain sectors:there is a high likelihood of survey respondents not declaring they spent on luxury items or gambling,for instance,w

216、hich can skew the data.However,card data does not conceal these actions.BBVA Research is also spearheading a number of payments data innovations in the urban socioeconomic field.It is currently working on a joint project with the MIT-Media Lab to measure lifestyles and their impact on sustainability

217、.This project will reinforce previous work by BBVA on socioeconomic and urban trends,such as the Urban Lens project which predicted socioeconomic indices using card transactions.Researchers were able to quantify the distinctive signature of each region by capturing indicators,such as amount and type

218、 of spending,type of individual,and individual mobility.In parallel,BBVA created Urban Discoverya publicly available tool that analyzes the commercial activity of Madrid,Barcelona,and Mexico City.This project was also based on card transactions and redraws the borders of the citiesidentifying areas

219、where tourists like to visit,locals like to dine,or young people like to shop.“Governments tend to look at the economy and implement policies in terms of the average representative individual.But it is important to differentiate spending by income,regions,gender.Policy Makers will start realizing th

220、at the devil is in the detail and high-definition information opens the door for the design of smart policies.”Dr.lvaro Ortiz,Head of Big Data Analysis at BBVA ResearchThe Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 235.What comes next?Ensuring global interoperability across data silos

221、 and jurisdictionsHarmonized approaches to data governance practices and policies create a more transparent and easier-to-navigate business environment,playing an important role in economic growth and innovation.In the absence of cross-border data flows policy,the patchwork of national systems with

222、diverging requirements disproportionally affects organizations that rely on data and makes data insights less informative.The pandemic emphasized the need for international umbrella data-sharing agreements.As recently discussed in an OECD Global Science Forum workshop,the responsible,fair,and timely

223、 sharing of data is an essential element of the Open Science approach that the world needs to effectively combat pandemics like COVID-19 and other complex crises.Progress must be pursued to develop robust and globally interoperable standards.When the world faces its next crisis,both governments and

224、industry will likely need to react and respond swiftly and this will depend to a large extent on efficient and secure data exchanges and flows.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 24Strengthening open data and data-sharing frameworksSystematic technology-based innovations fo

225、r the public good cannot be created by policymakers and government entities alone.Public administrations should consider fostering a collaborative ecosystem and increase the amount of reliable,comprehensive,documented,and insightful sets of data feeding into the ecosystem.Examples are already emergi

226、ng.Transport for London makes data about its network,including the Tube,Docklands Light Railway,London Overground,buses,TfL Rail and tram,and cycle hire,available through APIs,downloads,and feeds.Businesses,academics,and developers partner with TfL and use this data to create new commercial and non-

227、commercial products and services for customers.Open data from TfL contributes USD116mn(GBP90mn)to USD168mn(GPB130mn)to the economy each year.Meanwhile,the Open Mobility Data in the Nordics projecta collaboration between players in the Nordic public transport industryaims to lower developer barriers

228、and transform the region into a“living lab”for innovative mobility services.Open-access frameworks that allow the secure sharing of data,including more sensitive financial and payments data,could spur innovation and contribute to the prosperity of society.To make this happen,the development and adop

229、tion of open data standards needs to be ramped up considerably.In Australia,for example,the federal,state,and territorial governments agreed on secure protocols.Singapore,which wants its public service to be“data-driven to the core”,established already in 2018 their Public Sector Governance Framewor

230、k,clarifying the situations in which agencies can and should share data.Brazil,one of the co-founders of the Open Government Partnership,established in 2016 an Open Data Policy aiming to build a culture of collaboration and information exchange between society and all levels of government.As more da

231、ta formats are opened up to wider use and more technologies advance beyond API into blockchain and cloud data warehouses,clear rules on access,sharing,and use of data will become more important than ever.Combining datasets for powerful synergiesCombining data from multiple sources is challenging but

232、 holds enormous potential.When data assets interact with each other,they create synergies.And synergies generate greater benefits than the sum of the individual assets involved.Data linkage enables“super-additive”insights,leading to increasing returns.The public sector too can reap huge benefits fro

233、m combining different datasets.The Bank of England explains how real-time payments and transaction data can be more readily combined with other forms of data to build a“richer and truer picture of the borrowers ability to repay.”In tourism,for example,great potential lies in combining the irreplacea

234、ble data provided of tourism operators(e.g.,hotel bookings)with non-tourism data(e.g.,data generated by mobile technologies or financial transactions).One type should not replacebut complementthe other.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 25Putting citizens at the heart of d

235、ata-driven decision-making Individuals increasingly expect personalization and real-time service in every aspect of their lives.This also applies to their interactions with the public sector.Government services based on data are evolving in two directions.First,governments are using data to analyze

236、drivers,outcomes,and potential obstacles in citizens interactions with authorities,enabling them to spot unmet needs and service gaps.Second,the public sector leverages data insights in the same way many private companies doto nudge citizens toward certain behaviors,such as paying their taxes and re

237、newing documentation.The ability to anticipate citizens needs and expectations depends on personal data being shared consensually,collected responsibly,and stored safely;in other words,it is crucial to balance the need for consumer privacy with the demand for personalization.Private sector actors ow

238、n aggregated,anonymized datathough depersonalized,this data reveals trends and insights that can shape society-wide policies.Even more granular data can be shared directly by citizens.The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an urgent need for citizens to voluntarily share data such as personal details,curre

239、nt location,immunization,or infection status.But even in normal times,attitudes to data sharing are changing.Already in 2019,one-third of EU survey respondents were willing to share basic personal data such as date of birth,citizenship,or home address with private companies.As always,the caveat is t

240、hat such data exchanges must take place within the right guardrailsand on consumers own terms.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 26The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 276.Takeaways:Enablers for usage of paymentsdata in the public sectorData and th

241、e ability to draw insights from it are critical to the public sector.However,many benefits of data and analytics can only be realized by sharing it and collaborating with others.This underscores the importance of several enablers that must be put in place by the public authorities.01Safeguarding dat

242、aData privacy and security are arguably the most important issues facing governments as they begin working with data.The accelerated transition to hybrid and remote working resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has led to greater reliance on digital services and incentivized organized crime groups to

243、ward cybercrimes.In England and Wales,there were 1.8mn computer misuse offenses in the year ending June 2021an 85 percent increase compared with the year ending June 2019,largely driven by a 161 percent increase in“unauthorized access to personal information(including hacking)”offenses.In order to a

244、void unacceptable levels of personal and financial risk,it is critical for national public administrations to develop standards and protocols on software security,data access rules,and permission structures.The escalating privacy and security concernsparticularly when that data is personalare justif

245、ied and highlight the need for a solid framework for protection.Importantly,the public sector must ensure that citizens understand when their data is collected and shared,can explicitly provide or revoke consent,and have confidence in the safety and ethical use of their data.An independent report fr

246、om the UK Governments Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation portrays both the opportunities and the risks clearly:that data needs to be shared to drive improvements in service delivery and benefit citizens and for this to happen sustainably and effectively,public trust in the way data is shared and

247、used is vital.And without such trust,the government and wider public sector risks losing societys consent,setting back innovation as well as the efficiency of public services.02Fostering innovationInnovation that is grounded in data has the potential to improve many sectors in the economy and the li

248、ves of even more citizens.It falls to public administrations to manage the available data and use it to support innovation for the benefit of society.But current policies and incentives for the private sector to share data mean this is easier said than done.A comparative analysis conducted by the OE

249、CD revealed that few countries have policy initiatives to facilitate data sharing within the private sector,and between government and the private sector.There are four main steps that can be taken here.One,governments should be on the lookout for valuable datasourcing it as appropriate and combinin

250、g it with complementary data types.Two,given that data is only as good as what it is used for,the information should be analyzed and used in decision-making.Three,data should be shared consensually and to the mutual benefit of both citizens and the private sector.And four,feedback loops and collabor

251、ation should foster the innovation ecosystem.Once public data pools are created,governments are under the imperative to create the right incentives for private companies to contribute to strengthening the ecosystem.This will require a balanced approach,by building public confidence in new technologi

252、es,whilst supporting innovation and competitiveness.Policymakers and the private sector should work together to build an ecosystem in which the potentially transformational benefits of a more open data economy can be realized.This economy must be one in which consumers are protected and empowered to

253、 engage with data-sharing,and in which the commercial value of data is understood for its potential to drive further innovation.The Powerful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 2803Bridging the capability and skill gapUsing data at the government level often requires investments in phys

254、ical infrastructure,legal framework,and talent availability.In 2020,the United Nations Statistics Division conducted a global assessment of institutional readiness for the use of data in official statistics,and found that legal frameworks are still insufficient to regulate big data applications.More

255、 than half of public sector leaders in the U.K.believe that their organizations data is stored on infrastructure that is not fit for purpose,according to a study commissioned by NetApp.A number of countries around the globe report a technology skills shortage with data scientists,engineers,and analy

256、sts among the most in-demand skill sets,especially evident in the public sector.Only 35 percent of public sector organizations in Europe have an organization-wide program for digital skills development,according to an IDC study.There is a great incentive for the public sector to take the lead on clo

257、sing this skill gap.Partnering with universities and education providers to encourage citizens into these careers is an obvious first step.Beyond this,governments could also focus on enablement inside the workforce and creative new ways to recruit,retain,and train a workforce with the critical techn

258、ology skills.In cooperation with industry and academia,the public sector also has the chance to act as a role model and promoter of diversity in the IT and data workforce.Diverse thoughts and experiences that guard against biases are essential in developing data applications that serve not just sele

259、cted segments of the population,but society as a whole.04Develop publicprivate partnerships Countries that digitalize their processes and systems can only become truly technologically savvy if they can harness the power of data they produce.To achieve this,governments need a data layercomprising dif

260、ferent sources of internal and external datathat is supported by strong governance,security protocols,and robust management.One potential source of external data lies with private companies,which possess a wealth of data on citizen behavior and innovative tools to get insights from this data.The pub

261、lic sector can benefit from the capabilities and the experience of the private sector in using data for commercial purposes.Skill transfer to the public sector can be particularly beneficial in the current environment,where governments are under pressure to juggle multiple priorities and reduce head

262、counts,and where technology talent is scarce and expensive.The ecosystem of trust required to earn the public mandate for the uptake and usage of new digital technologies at scale can only be created through collaboration between industry and policymakers.This will require a balanced approach,by bui

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318、werful Role Payments Data Can Play in the Public Sector 36About VisaVisa Inc.is a global payments technology company that connects consumers,businesses,financial institutions,and governments in more than 200 countries and territories to fast,secure,and reliable digital payments.At Visa Government So

319、lutions,our mission is to help governments as they seek to advance their economies.We seek to make public disbursement programs more inclusive and impactful;help government employees execute payments in their daily roles more conveniently and with greater transparency;simplify government revenue col

320、lection for payers through better customer experience and provide payment data insight and measurement to governments to help inform and shape their About KearneyKearney is a leading global management consulting firm with more than 4,200 people working in more than 40 countries.We work with more tha

321、n three-quarters of the Fortune Global 500,as well as with the most influential governmental and non-profit organizations.Driven to be the difference between a big idea and making it happen,we help our clients break through with curiosity,boldness,generosity,solidarity,passion,and genuine commitment to client