1、 Information Paper|December 2022 1 published by International Federation of Robotics Frankfurt,Germany Update December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS INFORMATION PAPER 2 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Contents Introduction.3 Classification.4 Executive summary.5 Main ch

2、anges.5 China.5 Japan.6 Korea.8 Australia.9 European Union.10 Germany.11 Italy.12 United Kingdom.12 Sweden.13 Switzerland.13 United States.14 Canada.16 Summary.18 A01 China.18 A02 Japan.32 A03 Korea.47 A11 Australia.66 E00 EU.72 E01 Germany.80 E02 Italy.85 E04 UK.90 E07 Sweden.95 E11 Switzerland.100

3、 U01 USA.103 Appendix.119 A01 China.119 A03 Korea.141 E02 Italy.270 Information Paper|December 2022 3 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Introduction Most countries invest in robotics mainly on a government level.This trend has been strengthened in recent years.Through diversification and the establishment

4、 of robot technologies,investment in new robot technologies has become larger than before,and the application spectrum of such R&D on robotics is now broader.For more than ten years,a very challenging environment influenced by AI,IoT,Big Data and 5G telecommunication has been driving our daily life,

5、including robots.Within IFR,there have been continuous requests and discussions on robotics R&D programs and funding.IFRs Research Committee carried out a survey and concluded that the gathering of such information and materials on robotics R&D from each country makes sense for anyone who is involve

6、d as well as interested in robotics.The most efficient way to share such material seems to be publishing it to the IFR website directly,for easy public access.Updates will be provided from time to time in case of any update by individual countries.The survey and the summary made accessible will be e

7、xtended to more countries over time.The 1st version of World Robotics R&D Programs was introduced in an IFR press release in June 2020.Since then,dozens of countries have updated their robotics R&D programs,and information on several new programs has been gathered from each country.The 2nd version,W

8、orld Robotics R&D Programs 2021,included such updates as well as further new program information.The 3rd version,World Robotics R&D Programs 2022,covers up-to-date materials including updated and new information mostly during 2022.Work scope:The contents for extract and summary will be restricted to

9、 officially government-driven robotics R&D programs in each country.Classification:Every document and material will be classified and summarized into continent,region and country.Executive summary:Each country will have its own characteristics of robot programs based on its specific background and h

10、istory,for instance with cultural,mental and industry in focus.In this section,current as well as historical robot programs will be briefly summarized.Summary:The robotics R&D program of each country will be summarized into five pages.Several big programs in one country can be separately summarized,

11、for instance,space robotics,NRI program and so on.The original material is linked into every summary and one click leads to the original material on the Internet.Appendix:Some documents and materials are not easily accessible online,especially from most Asian countries.Another problem is that docume

12、nts are usually in the respective official languages of the countries.The Appendix will provide the original documents on the IFR website directly and all documents will be translated into English.Update and revision:Any update and revision will occur in an efficient way in case the following occurs

13、:announcement of the new program of any country update and revision of the current program in each country any correction or partial updates of any document Visitors are also cordially requested to let us know about any kind of related information and opinions.We will be pleased to implement any imp

14、rovements with your support.Exchange rate reference date:November 1,2022 Work team:Officially,this series of work is handled by IFR Research Committee.All communication,including the delivery of documents and information is to be directed at:First point of contact:Jenny Kim Korea Institute of Medica

15、l Microrobotics jhkimiro.re.kr +82-62-530-5243(office)+82-10-4995-9136(mobile)4 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS -The supervisor of all work:Jong-Oh Park,Dr.-Ing.President,Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics Vice Chair,Research Committee of IFR jopkimiro.re.kr +82-62-

16、530-5231(office)+82-10-3211-2795(mobile)Classification Every document is classified into region and country.Every country has its own regional code as follows:Region No.Country/Region Note Asia A01 China Updated A02 Japan Updated A03 Korea Updated A04 Chinese Taipei A05 Thailand A06 India A07 Singap

17、ore A08 Indonesia A09 Malaysia A10 Vietnam A11 Australia New EU E00 EU Updated E01 Germany Updated E02 Italy Updated E03 France E04 United Kingdom Updated E05 Spain E06 Turkey E07 Sweden-E08 Benelux E09 Austria E10 Denmark E11 Switzerland Updated E12 Czech Republic E13 Poland E14 Russia America U01

18、USA Updated U02 Canada Executive Summary only U03 Mexico Information Paper|December 2022 5 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Executive summary Basically,every country plans and allots specified budgets for each program,but some ambiguity exists in terms of the different program periods of each country,and

19、 there are some external restriction policies.Main changes China:The Chinese government provided funding of 43.5 million USD(315 million CNY)for the Key Special Program on Intelligent Robots in 2022.The other programs have not been included yet,primarily due to difficulty in accessing governmental m

20、aterials.Japan:A budget of 440 million USD(50 billion JPY)was allocated to robotics-related projects in the Moonshot Research and Development Program over a period of 5 years from 2020 to 2025.More than 930.5 million USD(105.7 billion JPY)in support has been provided by the Japanese government in 20

21、22.Korea:The Korean government allocated 172.23 million USD(244 billion KRW)in funding for the 2022 Implementation Plan for the Intelligent Robot.The Korean government is planning to budget 7.41 million USD(10.5 billion KRW)from 2022 to 2024 for the Project for Full-Scale Test Platform Project for S

22、pecial-Purpose Manned or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.European Union:The European Commission is expected to provide total funding of 198.5 million USD(201.0 million EUR)for the robotics-related work program 2021-2022 in Cluster 4 under Horizon Europe.Germany:The German government will provide around 69.

23、1 million USD(70 million EUR)annually until 2026(total budget:345.6 million USD(350 million EUR)for five years).United Kingdom:In the UK,over the past five years(2017-2022),more than 129 million USD(112 million GBP)have been invested in the“Robot for a Safer World”program to support over 153 project

24、s and 212 organizations.United States of America:(NASA)For the Artemis lunar program,the US government is planning to allocate a budget of 35 billion USD from 2020 to 2024.In 2020,NASA funded the Artemis I mission to the amount of 1.6 billion USD.(DOD)The DoD defense budget invested of 7.54 billion

25、USD in the fiscal year(FY)2021(approximately 1.07 percent of the total DoD budget)for unmanned systems across all agencies.It can be seen that the funding for unmanned systems and robotics in the last three years has been decreased,with funding in FY2021 reduced by 9%(from FY 2020)and 21%(from FY 20

26、19).8.2 billion USD funding is planned for unmanned systems in FY 2022 (NRI)The US government supported the NRI-3.0 fund to the sum of 14 million USD in 2021.China China,which began conducting research on industrial robots in 1972,promoted R&D on industrial robots with such applications as spraying,

27、spot-welding,arc-welding,and transport robots from the era of the 7th Five-Year Plan(1986-1990).In March 1986,it announced the 863 program,a high-tech R&D program.This was a scheme of massive government support for robot-related R&D,and constituted a key source of funding for Chinas research into in

28、dustrial and intelligent robots.In the 1990s,R&D of welding robots was prioritized,and investment made in nine robot industrialization hubs and seven R&D hubs.At this time,Chinas leading robot manufacturers such as Shenyang Siasun,Harbin Boshi Automation,and Beijing Research Institute of Automation

29、for Machinery Industry first appeared.The 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005),which began in 2001,included hazardous assignment robots,counterterrorism ordnance disposal 6 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS robots,and human-like and bionic robots.In addition,the 11th Five-Year Pl

30、an(2006-2010),which began in 2006,included key technologies for intelligent controls and human-robot interaction,and it emphasized robotics and automation technologies for industries including integrated circuits,ships,automobiles,light fabrics,household electrical appliances,and foodstuffs.The 12th

31、 FYP(2011-2015)was labeled“for intelligent manufacturing,”and demanded that Chinese manufacturing firms use(automate)more robots and integrate information technology.The Guideline on Promoting the Development of the Industrial Robot Industry,announced in 2013,sets out the goals that China should ach

32、ieve by 2020.These include:1)developing three to five globally competitive robot manufacturers;2)creating eight to ten industrial clusters for the industry;3)achieving 45%of domestic market share for Chinas high-end robots and;4)increasing the robot penetration rate to 100 per 10,000 people.Also ann

33、ounced in May 2015,Made in China 2025 aimed to innovate the three-stage manufacturing industry for the next 30 years and included advanced numerically controlled machine tools and robots among the top 10 core industries.In the 13th FYP(13th Five Year National Economic and Social Development Plan,201

34、6-2020),a manufacturing innovation strategy encompassing the convergence of the manufacturing industry and ICT was promoted,and the term artificial intelligence appeared in use.In 2016,the Robot Industry Development Plan(2016-2020)was announced,with the aims of completing the robot industry system,e

35、xpanding industrial scale,strengthening technological innovation capacity,improving core parts production capacity,and improving application integration capacity.It designated 10 product and five core components.The 10 products were:1)welding robots;2)cleaning robots;3)intelligent industrial robots;

36、4)human-machine cooperation robots;5)two-armed robots;6)heavy loads AGV;7)fire-fighting rescue robots;8)surgical robots;9)intelligent public service robots and;10)intelligent nursing robots.The five core components were:1)high precision reducers;2)high performance motors for robots;3)high performanc

37、e controllers;4)sensors and;5)terminal actuators.In order to implement the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline(2006-2020),Made in China 2025,and other plans,and to promote the rapid development of intelligent robot technology and industry,Intelligent Robots

38、key special projects are being deployed in accordance with the requirements of the Innovation Chain and implemented in six directions,focusing on the basic cutting-edge technologies of intelligent robots,new-generation robots,key common technologies,industrial robots,service robots,and special robot

39、s.The special implementation period is 5 years(2017-2021).The Ministry of Science and Technology of China released its 4th Guidelines on the“2020 Intelligent Robots Key Special Program”on March 23,2020 with allocated funding of approximately 9.13 million USD(about 66 million CNY).In 2021,the 14th FY

40、P(2021-2025)for the National Economic and Social Development of the Peoples Republic of China was announced by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,and the robot industry was included in 8 key industries for the next 5 years.In order to implement national science and technology inno

41、vation arrangements during the“14th Five-Year Plan”,the“Intelligent Robots”Key Special Program was launched under the National Key R&D Plan on April 23,2022 with funding of 43.5 million USD(315 million CNY).Japan In Japan,the national R&D program for robotics is planned and funded by the Economic Re

42、vitalization Policy and Science,Technology,and Innovation Policy.In February 2015,the Japanese government announced the New Robot Strategy(The Headquarters for Japans Economic Revitalization),based on the revised 2014 Japan Revitalization Strategy,as a key policy of the Abenomics Growth Strategy.Aft

43、er announcing this strategy,the robot-related Information Paper|December 2022 7 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS budget for FY2016 stood at 258.7 million USD(29.4 billion JPY),an increase of 83%over the previous fiscal year.The budget for FY2019 is 332.6 million USD(37.8 billion JPY).The New Robot Strate

44、gy presented action plans in five sectors to pursue over the following five years(2016-2020),which were:Manufacturing;Service;Nursing and Medical;Infrastructure,Disaster Response,and Construction and;Agriculture,Forestry,Fishery,and Food Industry.The Robot Revolution&Industrial IoT Initiative(RRI)wa

45、s established in May 2015,to execute these action plans.The government and the RRI provide a plan for sectoral robot-related R&D projects as well as cross-sectoral activities such as global standardization,regulatory reform,and robot awards and competitions.The robot-related R&D projects are planned

46、 in three stages:introduction and substantiation;development of technology applicable to market and;development of next-generation technology.The Council for Science,Technology,and Innovation,under the leadership of the Prime Minister of Japan and the Minister of State for Science and Technology Pol

47、icy,has promoted planning and coordination for comprehensive basic science,technology,and innovation policies,taking a birds-eye view of Japans entire science and technology landscape.In these circumstances,the council proposed three new policies:(1)strategic formulation of overall governmental scie

48、nce and technology budget;(2)the cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program(SIP);and(3)Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies(ImPACT).ImPACT is the R&D program to promote high-risk and high-impact R&D that could result in disruptive change to industry and society.ImP

49、ACT was implemented from 2014 to 2018 and provided funds of 484 million USD(55 billion JPY).SIP is a program aimed at accomplishing a leading role in science,technology,and innovation beyond the framework of government ministries and traditional disciplines.SIP has identified R&D themes that will ad

50、dress the most important social problems.Each R&D theme is led by a program director who is responsible for guiding the projects from basic research through to practical application and commercialization,and then ultimately towards a clear exit strategy.The first period was carried out from 2014 to

51、2018 at a cost of 440 million USD(50 billion JPY),and the second period was started in 2018 with funding of 573.7 million USD(65.2 billion JPY)until 2022.Such R&D programs will be showcased in the name of World Robot Summit to accelerate R&D and to introduce and diffuse in the Japanese society in 20

52、21(originally planned for 2020).World Robot Summit features World Robot Challenge where robots will be compete with one another and World Robot Expo where the latest robot technologies will be exhibited.There are 4 categories in both events,industrial,service,disaster robotics and junior.In July 201

53、9,Council for Promoting Social change Taking Advantage of Robots announced a report titled by Changes in the Environment Surrounding Robots and Direction of Future Policy.This report analyzes the market trends of industrial robots,the expanded participation of new runners,the appearance of new busin

54、esses utilizing robots,and the direction of each countrys robot policy.Then,based on the analysis,the report presents the direction of future robot policy.As of 2020,follow-up measures are in progress.Additional funding of 17.6 million USD(2 billion JPY)for the year 2019(up from 0.88 billion USD(100

55、 billion JPY)for the year 2018)was allocated to the Moonshot Research and Development Program to address the concerns of population decline and aging.These projects aimed to develop robots that could enhance both the physical and mental limitations of the human body and AI robots that evolve alongsi

56、de humans.In 2021,the national research and development agency,the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO),launched projects related to robotics and AI technology to cope with the explosive spread of COVID-19,which has widely affected global social and economic activities

57、 and brought about unprecedented change to everyday lives.These projects focus on developing new industrial robots and self-driving robots to strengthen supply chains and maintain logistics services with funding of 79.81 million USD(9.07 billion JPY)for the year 2021 and 67.48 million USD(7.68 billi

58、on JPY)for the year 2022.8 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Korea Since welding robots in car manufacturing was first introduced to Korea in 1978,an industry-academia collaboration began conducting independent robot-related R&D without government support.Subsequently,in 19

59、87,the government started supporting the Common Core Technology Development Project in the field of manufacturing robots and followed this up with an active R&D support policy.However,due to the IMF crisis,which began in 1997,government support and R&D almost stopped completely.Intelligent robots ap

60、peared in 2002,and the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE),Ministry of Information and Communication,Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)and various ministries and agencies began to provide support for the robot business,meaning government support was scaled up and organized.In August 2003,the

61、 robot industry was selected as one of the top 10 next generation growth engine industries.During the six years from 2002 to 2007,the government led the development of technology and market creation by investing a total of 343.4 million USD(486.5 billion KRW),296.6 million USD(420.2 billion KRW)in R

62、&D,6.7 million USD(9.5 billion KRW)in demand creation,and 52.8 million USD(74.8 billion KRW)in foundation)for 1,259 projects.It then enacted a special robot law in November 2007.In March 2008,the Intelligent Robot Development and Supply Promotion Act was enacted,and in accordance with Article 5 of t

63、he Act,the statutory plan,The First Intelligent Robot Basic Plan(2009-2013)was announced in 2009.The core strategy of the plan was to select three product groups by the time of market formation and to focus promotion policies accordingly.The three product groups selected were:1)Market Expansion(Manu

64、facturing Robots);2)New Market Creation(Education,Cleaning,Surveillance and Reconnaissance Robots)and;3)Technology Leadership(Medical(Surgery),Traffic/Transportation,Silver,Housework,Wearables,Underwater/Aerospace,Biomimetic Robots).In the meantime,policy investments totaling 536.9 million USD(760.7

65、 billion KRW)(R&D 362.6 million USD(513.7 billion KRW),72.7%)were made,and the robot industry is assessed to have achieved substantial results in corporate sales growth while securing some key source technologies via continuous improvement-oriented R&D development that avoided simply emulating the p

66、ast.In 2011,the robot team at the Ministry of Knowledge Economy was expanded to become the Robot Industry Division and the robot market exceeded 1.4 billion USD(2 trillion KRW)by production standards that year.The Second Basic Plan for Intelligent Robots(2014-2018)was announced in 2014.It promoted l

67、arge-scale R&D projects in robot fields for specialized services such as Disaster Response Robots and Robot Health Town and reinforced investments in core robot parts and services(Logistics Robots(AGV),Emotion Robots(Human Robot Interaction),which were relatively weak compared to technologies and pr

68、oducts.The second plan did not limit the scope of robot industry to robot products,establishing Seven Robot Convergence Business Strategy Roadmap,in order to expand other manufacturing and service sectors of robot technology.It also plans to strategically utilize the robot supply business to create

69、a new market for large-scale robots and strengthen global cooperation with countries possessing advanced robot technology and others.The seven key areas are:1)manufacturing;2)automobiles;3)medical and rehabilitation;4)culture;5)defense;6)education and;7)marine.During the five-year period,the governm

70、ents R&D-related budget was 77.2,87.9,90.8,121.6 and 119.8 million USD(109.45,124.6,128.6,172.2 and 169.7 billion KRW)from 2014 to 2018 respectively.With the vision of leaping into the worlds top four robot industry by 2023,The 3rd Basic Plan for Intelligent Robots(2019 2023)was announced in 2019.Wh

71、ile the 1st and 2nd basic plans are centered primarily on the government-led support system,support areas,and growth foundation for the growth of the robot industry,The 3rd basic plan promotes systematic dissemination and diffusion through the selection and concentration of promising sectors as well

72、 as role assignment for the government and the private sector.The main tasks are as follows.(1)Expanded dissemination for manufacturing robots with focus on the three largest Information Paper|December 2022 9 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS manufacturing businesses To supply 700,000 units manufacturing

73、robots(accumulated)by 2023,develop standard models of robot utilization are to be developed for 108 processes by 2023,while first develop standard models for the three largest business types such as root,textile,food and beverage,etc.(2)Concentrated cultivation of four largest service robot areas su

74、ch as care,wearable,medical care,logistics,etc.were selected.Technology development and dissemination are supported with leading by the concerned departments such as Ministry of Defense,Ministry of Agriculture,etc.for the ten largest niche market-type areas such as drone-bot,agriculture/exploration

75、robot,etc.to develop robots in many different areas;National defense area(unmanned surface vehicles,wearable muscular strength-enhancing robots),agriculture area(smart farm robots for facility gardening,unmanned tractor,agricultural robot capable of control,harvesting operations),underwater/explorat

76、ion area(underwater robot system capable of monitoring environmental changes,safety robots for the marine accidents,and underwater construction robots),and evacuation/safety area(search robots for a narrow space,remote mobile measuring device with sensors and detection device for drugs),etc.(3)Reinf

77、orcement of Robot Industry Ecosystem-Support independence of the three key next-generation components(Intelligent controller,Autonomous mobile sensor,Smart gripper)and the 4 key software components(Robot SW platform,Gripping technology SW,Image information-processing SW,Human-robot interaction).Rein

78、force the support focus on demonstration and dissemination of decelerator,motor,motion controller,etc.In April 2022,the Project for Full-scale Test Platform of Special-purpose Manned or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(2022-2024)was released from the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE).The purpose

79、of the project is as follows:(1)Establishment of an industrial ecosystem for special-purpose manned or unmanned aerial vehicles.(2)Establishment of a full-scale testing infrastructure for development of special-purpose manned or unmanned aerial vehicles.(3)Support for full-scale field experiments of

80、 special-purpose manned or unmanned aerial vehicles and utilization of extant infrastructures.The work program has been providing total funding of 7.41 million USD(10.5 billion KRW)for the project period(2022-2024).Australia In Australia,funding for R&D projects related to robotics has been provided

81、 via key initiatives such as the Next Generation Technologies Fund,the CRC for Trusted Autonomous Systems,Advancing Space:Australian Civil Space Strategy 2019-2028,and CSIRO Robotics and Autonomous Systems Group.In addition,similar to other fields,research projects related to robotics are also funde

82、d by the Australian Research Council.On November 17 2021,the government announced the Blueprint and Action Plan for Critical Technologies,which sets out a vision and strategy for protecting and promoting critical technologies in the national interest.The Blueprint for Critical Technologies articulat

83、es Australias strategy for maximizing the opportunities offered by critical technologies as well as managing the risks.The Action Plan for Critical Technologies practically demonstrates Australias value-added in critical technologies for industry,academia,and the nations international partners.Of th

84、e 63 critical technologies,4 are related to robotics,of which the first 3 also belong to the list of critical technologies of initial focus:advanced robotics,autonomous systems operating technology,drones,swarming and collaborative robotics,and nanoscale robotics.In January 2022,the Robotics and Aut

85、omation on Earth and in Space Roadmap 2021-2030 was announced,which is a key priority area under the Australian Civil Space Strategy 2019-2028.It is the third in a series of technical roadmaps to be delivered by the Australian Space Agency.The roadmap is considered an important milestone on the road

86、 to achieving 20,000 new jobs and tripling the size of 10 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Australias civil space sector to 7.68 billion USD(12 billion AUD)by 2030.Most recently,in August 2022,the government announced investment of 0.64 billion USD(1 billion AUD)in critica

87、l technologies as part of the National Reconstruction Fund to support home-grown innovation and value creation in areas like AI,robotics,and quantum.European Union The Framework Programs(FPs)abbreviated FP1 to FP7 with“FP8”named“Horizon 2020”and FP9 referred to as“Horizon Europe”are the European Uni

88、ons main instrument for funding research and development activities.These multi-annual programs have been implemented since 1984.The framework programs up until Framework Program 6(FP6)covered five-year periods.From Framework Program 7(FP7)on,programs run for seven years.In FP6 and FP7,carried out f

89、rom 2002 to 2013,the robotics-related work program was still focused on technological research,but Horizon 2020 places emphasis on innovation and transfer of technology to the marketplace.FP7 is the seventh Framework Program for Research and technological development scheme,which was carried out fro

90、m 2007 to 2013.The European Commission(EC)financial contribution in FP7 was estimated to be around 49.4 billion USD(50 billion EUR)over seven years.The robotics-related sections in FP7 focused on research related to the perception,understanding,action-cognitive,and intelligent enabling technologies.

91、Upon completion,FP7 directly funded some 130 robotics-based projects involving around 500 organizations,with total grants of 529.3 million USD(536 million EUR).Other funding with elements related to robotics amounted to 167.9 million USD(170 million EUR).Horizon 2020 is the eighth EU Framework Progr

92、am,running from 2014 to 2020.The work programs in Horizon 2020 are set out in multi-annual programs,namely Work Program 2014-2015,Work Program 2016-2017 and Work Program 2018-2020.The Robotics Work Programs in Horizon 2020 are established based on the outcomes of the consultation and discussions in

93、the SPARC program.In addition,the robotics projects funded by Horizon 2020 represent a wide variety of research and innovation themes from Information and Communication Technologies(ICT),Future and Emerging Technologies(FET),and Societal Challenges.Through this program,EC provides an estimated 691.2

94、 million USD(700 million EUR)worth of funding for robotics research and innovation.The summary section covers the Horizon 2020 ICT Robotics Work Program related to manufacturing,commercial,healthcare,consumer,transportation,civil and agri-food,inspection,search and rescue robotics.Under ICT Work Pro

95、gram 2014-2015,the Research Development and Innovation(R&D&I)projects aim to advance current robot capabilities in terms of robustness,flexibility,and autonomy,while operating in real-world environments for manufacturing,commercial,civil,and agriculture.The work programs have been providing total fu

96、nding of 155 million USD(157 million EUR)for 36 projects.The R&D&I projects in ICT Work Program 2016-2017,with estimated funding of 119.5 million USD(121 million EUR),focus on a wide variety of robotics and autonomous systems and capabilities,such as navigation,human-robot interaction,recognition,co

97、gnition,and handling to move research results into the marketplace.ICT Work Program 2018-2020 is the final work program under Horizon 2020.Its main topics are related to digitization of industry through robotics,robotics applications in promising new areas,and robotics core technologies such as AI a

98、nd cognition,cognitive mechatronics,socially cooperative human-robot interaction,and model-based design and configuration tools.For this program,a total of 154 million USD(156 million EUR)has been budgeted.Horizon Europe,the new European Framework Program on research and innovation over the period o

99、f 2021 to 2027,has been launched.Building on the achievements and success of Horizon 2020,Horizon Europe will support top researchers,innovators,and general citizens to develop the knowledge and solutions needed to Information Paper|December 2022 11 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS ensure a green,digital

100、,and healthy future.Specifically,the Strategic Research,Innovation and Development Agenda(SRIDA)of the new European Public Private Partnership(PPP)“Artificial Intelligence(AI),Data and Robotics Partnership”aims at strengthening the AI,Data and Robotics infrastructure and ecosystem.The SRIDA defines

101、the vision,overall goals,main technical and non-technical priorities,investment areas and a research,innovation and deployment roadmap under the Horizon Europe Program.The robotics-related work program is embedded in Cluster 4:Digital,Industry,and Space under Horizon Europe.The Work Program 2021-202

102、2:Cluster 4:Digital,Industry,and Space was announced in 28 Oct 2021.Robotics-related R&D&I projects will focus on the digital transition of the manufacturing and construction sectors,autonomous solutions to support workers,enhanced cognition,and human-robot collaboration based on research into digit

103、ization,AI,data sharing,advanced robotics,and modularity.The robotics-related work program 2021-2022 in Cluster 4 will provide total funding of 198.5 million USD(201.0 million EUR).Germany In Germany in 2006,the High-Tech Strategy(HTS)was formulated to move the country forward on its way to becoming

104、 a worldwide innovation leader.The goal is for good ideas to be translated quickly into innovative products and services.Most of the framework of the High-Tech Strategy promotes partnership between companies,universities,and research institutions in order to bring together institutional research and

105、 entrepreneurial expertise.The Industry 4.0 initiative,in which robot-related R&D plays an important role,is one part of the High-Tech Strategy of the German government to maintain Germanys status as a leading supplier of products and production location for digital equipment,processes,and products.

106、As such,the German government launched a series of technology-centered research programs related to robot R&D.Between 2009 and 2014,the“AUTONOMIK”program provided funding for robot-related R&D projects in the fields of manufacturing,logistics,and assembly.The technology program of AUTONOMIK focused

107、on forward-looking approaches to advance the development and proof testing of smart tools and autonomous systems.Through this program,the German government has provided a total of 43.4 million USD(44 million EUR)in funding for 14 projects involving around 90 partners from industry and academia.The o

108、utcomes of the AUTONOMIK program formed an important basis for the program entitled“AUTONOMIK fr Industrie 4.0”that was designed to merge information and communication technologies with industrial production technologies.From 2013 to 2017,16 projects qualified for support from the Federal Ministry,w

109、hich backed the projects with funding in the order of 43.4 million USD(44 million EUR).These funded projects tried to address a range of technologically important issues including human-robot interaction,3D technologies in industrial application,and cognitive features that enable systems to act inde

110、pendently.Since 2016,the 49.4 million USD(50 million EUR)funded“PAiCE”program has been continuing the work as a follow-up program related to AUTONOMIK and“AUTONOMIK fr Industrie 4.0”for the next five years.The technology program of“PAiCE”emphasizes the development of digital industry platforms as we

111、ll as collaboration between companies using these platforms.In particular,the robotics-oriented projects are focusing on the creation of platforms for service robotics solutions in the various relevant application areas including service,logistics,and manufacturing fields.The High-Tech Strategy 2025

112、 is the fourth edition of German R&D and innovation activity in this area and was adopted in September 2018.It has been set the target of 3.5 percent of GDP per annum investment in R&D by 2025.In several program lines of the mission“Shaping Technology for the People”,the robotics-related program“Tog

113、ether Through Innovation”was launched in 2020.With this research program line,the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)will provide around 69.1 million USD(70 million EUR)annually until 2026.12 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Italy The Italian government contri

114、butes to research funds that are managed by the EC,and Italian researchers successfully participate in the European HORIZON 2020 ICT,NMBP,and other programs that involve robotics.As part of the FP7(2007-2013)program,16.5%of funding for robotics projects was awarded to Italian institutions.In Decembe

115、r 2020,the National Program for Research 2021-2027 was approved and was extended through public consultation to public and private stakeholders and interests and to civil society.The National Research Program(PNR),provided for by Legislative Decree 204/1998,is the document that guides research polic

116、ies in Italy,the realization of which State administrations contribute to through the coordination of the Ministry of University and Research.And robotics is one of the primary areas of research and innovation in the PNR 2021-2027,and the relevant content is indicated below:1.Robots more and more pe

117、rvasive and personal 2.Six priority areas for the overall supply chain,from fundamental research to application:1)Robotics in a hostile environment;2)Robotics for Industry 4.0;3)Robotics for inspection and maintenance of infrastructure;4)Robotics for the agro-food sector;5)Robotics for health;6)Robo

118、tics for mobility and autonomous vehicles Other robot-related programs were launched in Italy include the following:1.Innova per lItalia:technology,research,and innovation to counter the COVID 19 crisis,23 March 2020:For reasons of speed,the call is addressed to entities that already have platforms,

119、or can easily adapt them,algorithms of analysis and artificial intelligence,robots,drones,and other technologies for monitoring,preventing,and controlling Covid-19 2.Competence Centers:In June 2020,the highly specialized Competence Center on advanced robotics and artificial intelligence Artes 4.0 an

120、d the Digital Innovation Hub of Confindustria Sicilia formalized the collaboration to push the companies of this region towards new innovative and development dimensions through the use of 4.0 technologies 3.MISE innovation projects:-Complex and high value-added ships -Robotics for radiotherapy and

121、surgery 4.Robotics Olympics 2020 to encourage and support the educational potential of robotics,with reference to STEM United Kingdom Witnessing rapid developments in microelectronics,data processing,and robotics technologies over the last 10 years,government,academia,and many industries in the UK a

122、re recognizing robotics technology to be a game changer in the way people live and work.The increased utilization of robotics technology is seen as one way to significantly increase productivity and consequent growth in the UK economy.Robotic systems are now starting to be able to sense their enviro

123、nments in real time and process information to deliver a goal and not just a task i.e.they can act with a degree of autonomy.This has resulted in significant amounts of funding becoming available from UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)-related organizations to support the research,development,and comm

124、ercialization of RAI technologies.Analysis by the National Nuclear Laboratory shows that 20%of the cost of complex decommissioning(approximately 13.8 billion USD(12 billion GBP)will be spent on Robotics and Autonomous Systems(RAS)technology.In the UK,Accenture estimates that automation and robotics

125、could provide significant economic benefits over the next 10 years.211.14 billion USD(183.6 billion GBP)of value to UK industry 17.25 billion USD(15 billion GBP)of cost savings passed on to consumers 127,000 workplace injuries avoided From 2017 to 2020,the challenge of robotics offers more than 109.

126、365 million USD(95.1 million GBP)in a 4-year program that will develop robots and AI to take people out of dangerous work environments and into areas that lie beyond human limits.Currently,the Information Paper|December 2022 13 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS ISCF RAI in Extreme Environments program has

127、 3 delivery streams to provide funding to various projects around the UK.These fall under:Collaborative research and development Demonstration competitions Hubs Until 2021,109.365 million USD(95.1 million GBP)in a 4-year program and an additional 17.25 million USD(15 million GBP)have been committed

128、through these delivery streams,complemented by around 92 million USD(80 million GBP)of industry-matched funding.The projects receiving this funding demonstrate the cross-cutting nature of RAI,with a broad range of activities that the ISCF is supporting to ensure that the UK remains at the forefront

129、of this growing industry.These funded activities can be broken down into five environments:Offshore(wind,underwater,ice)Nuclear Space Mining Cross-cutting projects that cover different technological developments or could be applied across many industries An additional 8.05 million USD(7 million GBP)

130、funding in 2021 for the“remote offshore rescue service”was granted.In March 2022,the challenge ended with over 129 million USD(112 million GBP)having been invested into 153 projects and 212 organizations,complemented by over 575 million USD(500 million GBP)of industrial matched funding.Sweden In Swe

131、den,Robotdalen a Swedish robotics initiative with the goal of creating regional growth in Mlardalen and Sweden as a whole by building an innovation system in robotics and automation commenced its operations in 2003 as a VINNVXT winner.From 2003 to 2019,VINNOVA(a Swedish governmental R&D agency)had s

132、upported Robotdalen.It was one of Europes leading robotics centers,where researchers,developers,manufacturers,and academics work together in the field of robotics with a commercial focus.Robodalen had a particular emphasis on industrial,logistics,service,and healthcare robotics.There were five repre

133、sentative projects:robot suit HAL,FIREM(FIre REscue in Mines),STRADA for interactive remote rehabilitation for stroke patients,the cognitive retinal generator for assisting ophthalmic surgery,and the worlds first hygiene robot,Poseidon.As VINNVXT funding was being phased out in 2019,Robotdalen was r

134、estructured into Robotdalen AB,enabling its commercial revenues to be managed and switched up.Aside from Robotdalen,the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research(SSF)funds science,engineering,and medicine via grants of up to 54.6 million USD(600 million SEK)annually.From 2016 until 2021,there was a

135、robotic related research theme“Smart Systems 2015”including ICT,robotics,and AI with a budget 27 million USD(300 million SEK).The goal of framework grants for research on smart systems is to improve the designs and functionalities of existing kinds of technological systems or to create entirely nove

136、l types.Smart systems may offer adaptive,predictive,and robust behaviors and capabilities even under hostile conditions.They could also provide compensation for uncertainty or variability in a range of contexts.Safety and security can be features of a target system,while flexibility and upgradeabili

137、ty are normal parts of the specification.The major research areas are Cyber Physical Systems,Integrated Systems,Systems of Systems,Automation,Autonomous Systems and Robots,and Artificial Intelligence-Based Information Systems.Switzerland To enhance the scientific competitiveness of Switzerland,the S

138、wiss National Science Foundation(SNSF)has so far launched four series(2001,2005,2010,2014)comprising 36 NCCRs(NCCR:National Center of Competence in Research)in total.In 2010,NCCR Robotics was launched,and EPFL and ETH Zurich are home institutions.With total funding of 20 million USD(20,629,608 CHF)f

139、rom 2018 to 2021,NCCR Robotics promotes three main strands of research:Wearable robotics:Regait+,Third Arm Mobile robots for rescue operations:Flying robots,legged robot,collaboration,learning and tests 14 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Educational robotics:teaching reso

140、urces(Thymio),Cellulo United States US robot R&D programs managed by the US government in 2020 were mainly reviewed on the key categories with“Space Robotics”,“Military Autonomous vehicle&System”,and“Ubiquitous Collaborative Robots”.As a space robot R&D program,National Aeronautics and Space Adminis

141、tration(NASA)has been promoting Mars Exploration Program(MEP).MEP is a long-term mission in order to explore the planet Mars,funded by NASA.Since it was formed in 1993.MEP has been applying diverse orbital spacecraft,landers,and Mars rovers to discovery the clues about the possibilities of life on M

142、ars,as well as the planets climate and natural resources.At the beginning of the 21th century,the MEP missions were concentrated on the“Follow the Water”goal,including the Mars Odyssey(2001),Mars Exploration Rovers(2003),Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(2005),and Mars Phoenix Lander(2007).Since then,MEP

143、has transitioned from the“Follow the Water”goal to a combination of characterizing the climate and geology of Mars with the Mars Science Laboratorys Curiosity rover(2011)and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution(2013).Currently,the MEP missions are pursuing more emphasis on seeking signs of life as

144、 well as preparing for human exploration of the planet by conducting the programs of InSight Lander(2018),Mars Rover(2020).Since NASA announced the Mars rover program named as“Mars 2020”on 4 December 2012,the rovers have taken a journey toward Mars with specific goals.In September 2013,NASA launched

145、 Opportunity rover for scientists/researches to propose and develop the instruments,including the Sample Caching System for storing Martian soil.The science instruments for the mission were selected in July 2014 after an open competition based on the scientific objectives set one year earlier.Mars 2

146、020 has been in progress by MEP with a planned launch on 17 July 2020,and touch down in Jezero crater on Mars on 18 February 2021.The rover in the Mars 2020 program is based on the design of Curiosity rover but key scientific instruments are embedded in the rover to explore a site likely to have bee

147、n habitable.The budget of MEP in 2017 was supported with about 647 million USD by the US government and separately,NASA funded 408 million USD for Mars Rover 2020 and 239 million USD for other missions&data analysis,respectively.In 2019,MEP have funded approximate 604.5 million USD and NASA is suppo

148、rting 348 million USD for Mars 2020 and 253.5 million USD for Other missions&data analysis,respectively.Following the Mars exploration program,National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)launched a lunar program named“Artemis”in May,2019.The purpose of the Artemis lunar program is to return a

149、stronauts to the lunar surface by 2024 and to construct promising capabilities for Mars missions after 2024.The Artemis program has close relevance to Mars exploration programs such as Mars 2020,in that the Artemis program pursues the goal of building capabilities as an outpost for Mars.The Artemis

150、lunar program is a newly crewed spaceflight program by NASA,the US commercial aerospace institution,and international partners including the ESA(comprising 22 countries),Canada,Japan,and Russia.The missions of the Artemis lunar program can be divided into two phases;Phase 1 from 2020 until 2024 and

151、Phase 2 from 2025 to 2029(expected).Phase 1 focuses on getting systems in place to support the first human lunar surface landing in more than half a century.It will proceed in a sequence of three steps:Artemis I(the first launch of the SLS and Orion spacecraft),Artemis II(taking a crew on a flight a

152、round the Moon),and Artemis III(taking a crew to the Gateway,then down to the lunar surface).Phase 1 also includes lunar science research with the goal to study polar volatiles,the geology of the South Pole-Aitken Basin,and to land at a lunar swirl feature to perform the first direct magnetic measur

153、ement.Meanwhile,Phase 2 comprises the capabilities necessary to establish a sustainable human presence on and around the Moon.For the Artemis lunar program,the US government is planning a budget of 35 billion USD from 2020 to 2024.In 2020,NASA provided 1.6 billion USD in funding for the mission of A

154、rtemis I.For a military autonomous system R&D,Department of Defense(DOD)has been managing lots of programs related to develop Information Paper|December 2022 15 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS unmanned military systems and robotic vehicles.Since RDE Focus of the US Secretary of Defense was released in 2

155、010,“Autonomy”has become Science&Technology(S&T)priority of DOD.Annually,DOD has announced progress reports and plans associated with development of military autonomous vehicles and integration of the vehicles/systems of each department such as Army,Navy,Air Force,etc.The development topics of auton

156、omy technology can be classified into Machine Perception,Reasoning and Intelligence(MPRI),Human/Autonomous System Interaction and Collaboration(HASIC),Scalable Teaming of Autonomous Systems(STAS),Test,Evaluation,Validation,and Verification(TEVV).In the topics,seven core technologies have been identi

157、fied:sensors/payloads,navigation/control,weapons,comms/data management,autonomy,propulsion/energy,mobility.The largest investment has been made in the integrated sensors and payloads followed by navigation and control systems.Annual budget to develop autonomy systems of DOD was funded with 9.6 billi

158、on USD for 2019 into three main services(Navy,Army,Air Force)and the other agencies(DBDP,DARPA,DLA,DTIC,DTRA,MDA,OSD,SOCOM,TJS,WHS)in the DoD for developing unmanned systems and robotics.The United States Department of Defense(DoD)remains the largest customer for unmanned systems technologies,with 8

159、.3 billion USD and 7.3 billion USD budget projected in 2020 and 2021,respectively.Over 1,000 unique projects with funding ranging from the sub-$1 million range to over 100 million USD are associated with 17 different departments and agencies that are seeking to develop and deploy UxS in support of U

160、.S.troops.In FY 2021,7.54 billion USD of the DoD budget was invested in unmanned systems,with 3.327 billion USD for procurement and 4.213 billion USD for RDT&E of autonomous systems.This years investment(approximately 1.07%of total DoD budget)observes the decrease in funding of unmanned systems and

161、robotics in the last three years by 9%and 21%in comparison with FY 2020 and FY2019,respectively.In addition,the FY 2022 budget includes 8.2 billion USD to support the RDT&E and procurement of unmanned systems.For a fundamental robot R&D,National Robotics Initiative(NRI)was launched in 2011 and NRI h

162、as been advanced from NRI-1.0 to NRI-2.0,supported by the US Government.At the beginning,the goal of NRI-1.0 is to accelerate the development and use of robots in the United States as innovative robotics research and applications emphasizing the realization of such co-robots working in symbiotic rel

163、ationships with human partners.Since NRI-2.0 was released in 2016,the main goals of NRI have focused on seeking research on the fundamental science,technologies,and integrated systems needed to achieve the vision of ubiquitous collaborative robots and to assist humans in every aspect of life with“Ub

164、iquity:Seamless integration of co-robots”.Moreover,in NRI-2.0,collaboration between academic,industry,non-profit,and other organizations is encouraged in order to accomplish better connections between fundamental science/engineering/technology development,deployment,and use.Annual budget of NRI-2.0

165、in 2019,was funded with 35 million USD as the projects of Foundation(FND)and Integrative(INT)in multiple agencies of the federal government,including the National Science Foundation(NSF),the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),the National Institutes of Health(NIH),the U.S.Department

166、 of Agriculture(USDA),Department of Energy(DOE)and the U.S.Department of Defense(DOD).From 2020,NASA and NSDA/NIFA only considered projects within its stated budget limits.Moreover,the DOE and the DOD were removed as partner organizations,and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

167、(NIOSH)added as one.The US government supported NRI-2.0 to the amount of 32 million USD in 2020.In 2020,the Unites States released the 2020 US National Robotics Roadmap that pursues implementation of robots for purposes of economic growth,improved quality of life,and 16 Information Paper|December 20

168、22 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS empowerment of people.1 Based on the robotics roadmap,R&D programs related to Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Systems(IRAS)have been launched to advance intelligent robotic systems including R&D in robotics hardware and software design and applications,machine perc

169、eption,cognition and adaptation,mobility and manipulation,human-robot interaction,distributed and networked robotics,and increasingly autonomous systems.The IRAS strategic priorities and associated key programs are intended to promote safe,efficient human-robot teaming,improve validation and verific

170、ation of robotic and autonomous systems,and advance intelligent physical systems.The IRAS budget accounts for 4%of the overall FY 2021 budget of 6.5 billion USD that the president requested for federal agencies Networking and Information Technology Research and Development(NITRD)-related R&D.As part

171、 of the IRAS programs,NRI-3.0 was released in 2021 to support fundamental research in the United States that will advance the science of robot integration.NIR-3.0 supports research that promotes integration of robots for the benefit of humans in terms of human safety and human independence.The main

172、goals of NRI-3.0 are to strengthen the robotics research community,foster innovation and workforce development,accelerate progress,demonstrate novel capabilities,build ecosystems for innovation,and moreover,to promote new integrated approaches to the challenges of accountability,interoperability,eth

173、ical operation,and trust which will be engendered by integrated functional ubiquitous robots.The annual budget of NRI-3.0 in 2021 was 14 million USD for Foundation(FND)and Integrative(INT)projects in multiple agencies of the federal government,including the National Science Foundation(NSF),Departmen

174、t of Transportation(DOT),National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),National Institutes of Health(NIH),National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),and U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA).From NRI-3.0,NASA,NIFA,and NIOSH have been only considered projects within their stated

175、 cost 1 Reference:2020 US National Robotics Roadmap,NITRD Supplement to the Presidents FY 2021 Budget,https:/svrobo.org/svr-reports-publications/limits.Moreover,the DOT and NIH have been added as partner organizations.Canada In Canada,aerospace is the number one R&D player among all Canadian manufac

176、turing industries.In 2018,the Canadian aerospace manufacturing industry invested 1 billion USD(1.4 billion CAD)in R&D,contributing close to a quarter of total manufacturing R&D in Canada and achieving over five times higher R&D intensity than the manufacturing average.The only Canadian government-le

177、d large robot R&D program is Canadarm*,Canadas best-known contribution to robotics.A manipulator able to withstand the harsh radiation of space,it was first used by the crew of the NASA Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981.On subsequent missions,Canadarm2 and Dextre were used to construct and maintain the

178、 International Space Station.On February 28,2019,the government promised 1.4 billion USD(2.05 billion CAD)in funding for this“third generation”Canadarm over 24 years.The first Canadarms technical name was The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System(SRMS).The project was launched in 1974.Spar,CAE,and DSMA

179、Atcon formed the industrial team,with what was formerly the National Research Council of Canada(NRC)and currently the Canadian Space Agency(CSA)overseeing the project.The Government of Canada invested 78 million USD(108 million CAD)in designing,building,and testing the first Canadarm flight hardware

180、,which was given to NASA for the orbiter Columbia.It was deployed in 1981 and returned to earth in 2011.The second Canadarms technical name was The Space Station Remote Manipulator System.It was designed,built,and tested from 1986 to 2001 by MDA in Brampton,Ontario.On April 21,1988,Canada announced

181、a 1.2 billion Canadian dollar commitment over 15 years for the realization of the Mobile Service System(MSS)under the name of the Canadian Space Station Program.It included the Space Station Remote Manipulator System(SSRMS,Information Paper|December 2022 17 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Canadarm2),mou

182、nted on a Mobile Base System(MBS)and designed to handle large loads onboard the ISS,and the Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator(SPDM,Dextre),a second robot designed to perform more delicate tasks.Canadarm2 was deployed on April 19,2001 and MBS was deployed on June 5,2002.A total of 1 billion USD(1.

183、4 billion CAD)were invested in this up to 2002.The third and last component of MSS,Dextre,was developed from 2003 to 2007 and deployed on March 11,2008 and 84 million USD(116 million CAD)were invested.The third Canadarms letter of interest,“Lunar Gateway Robotics_Canadarm3”was announced on July 26,2

184、019.CSA proposed to include the following elements:1)the eXploration Large Arm and its tools(XLA);2)the eXploration Dexterous Arm(small arm or XDA);3)various robotic interface fixtures,platforms,and receptacles and;4)ground segment and robotic integration.To contribute an artificial intelligence-ena

185、bled robotic system to the United States-led Lunar Gateway,the government announced 152 million USD(209 million CAD)in funding from 2019 to 2024 to develop Canadarm3 under a policy entitled“Canada Reaches for the Moon and Beyond”in the 2019 Canadian Budget.CSA announced a request for a proposal to d

186、evelop XLA,XDA“Gateway External Robotics Interfaces(GERI)Large and Dexterous Arms Interfaces_Phase A”on April 26,2019.It states that 1,990,710 USD(2,727,000 CAD)for XLA and 2,780,935 USD(3,809,500 CAD)for XDA will be allocated,and its expected completion date is on or before August 31,2020.Canadian

187、Robots Canadarm2 and Dexter have led to the development of many technologies,such as neuroArm and IGAR.Now,with the improved Canadarm incorporating advanced artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,Canadarm3 is expected to open the door for new robotics technologies.18 Information Paper|December 2022

188、 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Summary A01 China Title“The 14th Five-Year Plan”for Robot Industry Development Region China Issued by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT),National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),Ministry of Science and Technology(MST),(In addition to the above

189、institutions,12 other institutions participated)Announcement December 21,2021 Term of validity 2021-2025 Budget Key words Related website http:/ Background In 1972,China began research on industrial robots.In 1986,for high-tech R&D,863 program was announced and R&D for industrial robot applications

190、was promoted.In the 1990s,welding robots R&D was prioritized and investment was made in nine robot industrialization hubs and seven R&D hubs.The 10th FYP(2001-2005)included counterterrorism ordnance disposal robots,hazardous assignment robots,and human-like and bionic robots.The 11th FYP(2006-2010)i

191、ncluded key technologies for intelligent controls and human-robot interaction.The 12th FYP(2011-2015)was labeled“for intelligent manufacturing,”and demanded that Chinese manufacturing firms use more robots and integrate information technology.The 13th FYP(2016-2020)a manufacturing innovation strateg

192、y encompassing the convergence of the manufacturing industry and ICT was promoted,and the term Artificial Intelligence appeared in use.In 2016,the Robot Industry Development Plan(2016-2020)was announced,with the aims of completing the robot industry system,expanding industrial scale,strengthening te

193、chnological innovation capacity,improving core parts production capacity,and improving application integration capacity.The 14th FYP(2021-2025)for National Economic and Social Development of the Peoples Republic of China was announced by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Robo

194、t industry is included in 8 key industries for the next 5 years.Goal Focus on making breakthroughs in core technologies Strive to consolidate industrial foundation and enhance effective supply Expand market applications Improve the stability and competitiveness of the industrial supply chain Continu

195、e to improve the industrial development ecology The latest R&D project Key Special Program on Intelligent Robots of 2019 The key targets of the latest R&D project New-type mechanism/material/driving/sensing/control and bionics Learning and cognition of intelligent robots Human-machine natural intera

196、ction and collaboration Enhancing the robots integration with new-generation information technology Making reserves of basic cutting-edge technologies for the growth of robot intelligence level Information Paper|December 2022 19 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Contents 1.Development Objectives Technolog

197、y and Products Breakthroughs in a number of core robot technologies and high-end products Achievement of the leading level of comprehensive performances of complete robots in the world Achievement of the highest international standards of the performances and reliability of key parts in the world In

198、dustry Scale Average annual operating profit growth rate of 20%or more in the robot industry Corporate body Establishment of a group of leading companies with international competitiveness Establishment of a number of specialized and new“little giants”enterprises with great innovation ability and gr

199、owth potential Industrial Clusters Establishment of 3-5 industrial clusters with international influence Application Density Double the density of manufacturing robots 2.Main Tasks 2.1.1.Improvement of industrial innovation capacity Overcoming difficulties in core technology R&D Necessity of develop

200、ment of national strategies and industries to make breakthroughs in robot system development,operating systems and other common technologies.Requirement to understand the development trend of robot technology for R&D of advanced technologies such as biometric recognition and cognition,bio-mechanical

201、-electrical convergence,etc.Enhancement of robot intelligence and networking,functional security,network security,and data security through the integration and applications of new technologies such as AI,5G,big data and cloud computing.Establishment and improvement of an innovation system Strengthen

202、ing the research on cutting-edge and common technologies,accelerating the transfer and transformation of innovative achievements,and establishing an effective industrial technology innovation chain Encouraging backbone enterprises to jointly carry out collaborative robot R&D projects;promote standar

203、dization and modularization of software and hardware systems;and improve the efficiency of new product development.Strengthening the construction of technology centers for development of key and application technologies.2.1.2.Implementation of overcoming obstacles in robot core technology Common tec

204、hnologies Robot system development technology,robot modularization and reconfiguration technology,robot operating system technology,robot lightweight design technology,information perception and navigation technology,multi-task planning and intelligent control technology,human-robot interaction and

205、autonomous programming technology,robot cloud-edge-end technology,robot safety and reliability technology,rapid calibration and precision maintenance technology,multi-robot cooperative operation technology,robot self-diagnosis technology,robot self-diagnosis technology,etc.Cutting-edge technologies

206、Robot bionic perception and cognition technology,electronic skin technology,robot bio-mechanical-electrical fusion technology,human-robot natural interaction technology,emotion recognition technology,skill learning and developmental evolution technology,material structure function integration techno

207、logy,micro-nano operation technology,soft body robot technology,robot cluster technology,etc.2.2.1.Establishment of the foundation for industrial development 20 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Compensating for the shortcomings of industrial development Promoting joint eff

208、orts of production,academia and research institutions to make up for the shortcomings of special materials,core components and processing technologies;to improve the functionality,performance and reliability of key robot components;to develop robot control software and core algorithms;and to improve

209、 the functionality and intelligence of robot control systems.Establishment of standard systems Establishment of a national robot standardization organization to play the role of a national technological standard innovation base(robot);and to continuously promote robot standardization.Establishment o

210、f a robot standard system to revise standards related to robot function,performance,and safety;and to strengthen standardization,application,and promotion of scientific and technological achievements.Improvement of testing and certification capabilities Strengthening testing and certification capaci

211、ties of enterprises to consolidate product testing and improve quality and reliability of products.Improvement of the testing capabilities to satisfy the needs of enterprises for testing and certification services.Necessity of Chinas robot certification system.2.2.2.Implementation of improving key r

212、obot foundation High performance reducer Development of advanced manufacturing technologies and techniques for RV reducers and harmonic reducers to improve the accuracy retention(life)and reliability of reducers,reduce noise,and achieve mass production.Study on the basic theories of new high-perform

213、ance precision gear transmission devices to make breakthroughs in precision/super-precision manufacturing technologies and assembly processes.High performance servo drive system Development of high-precision,high-power density robot-specific servo motors,high-performance motor brakes,and other core

214、components.Smart controller Development of controller hardware system with high real-time function,high reliability,multi-processor parallel working capacity or multi-core processor shall to realize standardization,modularization,and networking.Breakthroughs in multi-joint high-precision motion solv

215、ing,motion control,and intelligent motion planning algorithms to improve the intelligence of the control systems as well as safety,reliability and ease of use.Intelligent integrated joint Development of modular robot joints integrating mechanism/drive/control and servo motor drive,high-precision har

216、monic drive dynamic compensation,high-precision real-time data fusion of composite sensors,modular integration,and other technologies.New sensors Development of products such as 3D vision sensors,6D force sensors and joint torque sensors and other force sensors,large view single-and multi-line LIDAR

217、s,intelligent hearing sensors,and high-precision encoders.Intelligent end actuators Development of the end actuators for intelligent picking,flexible assembly,and rapid switching.2.3.Expansion of the supply of high-end products Goal:Development of advanced intelligent products Type of robots Functio

218、ns(Fields)Industrial robots Welding robots Automotive,aerospace,rail transit and other fields Vacuum(cleaning)robots Automatic handling,intelligent movement,and storage for the semiconductor industry Robots with explosion-proof function Production of civil explosives Logistics robots Unmanned forkli

219、fts,sorting,and packaging operation Collaborative robots Large-load,lightweight,flexible,dual-arm,Information Paper|December 2022 21 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS mobile for 3C,automotive parts,and other fields Mobile operation robots Movement anywhere in the work areas for transfer,grinding and assem

220、bly.Service Robots Agricultural robots Orchard weeding,precision plant protection,fruit and vegetable pruning,picking,harvesting and sorting Livestock and poultry breeding such as feeding,inspection,silt removal,netting attachment and disinfection Mining robots Extraction,support,drilling,inspection

221、,and heavy-duty auxiliary transport operations Construction robots Intelligent production of building components,measurement,material distribution,steel processing,concrete pouring,floor and wall decoration,component installation,and welding operations Medical rehabilitation robots Medical rehabilit

222、ation robots for surgery,nursing,examination,rehabilitation,consultation,and distribution Elderly assistance robots Walking aid,bathing aid,article delivery,emotional companionship,and intelligent prosthesis Home service robots Housekeeping,education,entertainment,and security Public service robots

223、Interpretive guides,catering,delivery,and mobility Special Robots Underwater robots Underwater exploration,monitoring,and operation and deep-sea mineral resources development Security robots Security patrol,anti-smuggling security inspection,anti-riot,investigation and evidence collection,traffic ma

224、nagement,border management,and security control Robots for operations under dangerous conditions Firefighting,emergency rescue,safety inspection,nuclear industry operation,and marine fishing Health and epidemic prevention robots Test sampling,disinfection and cleaning,indoor distribution,auxiliary l

225、ifting,auxiliary rounding and checking,and critical care auxiliary operations 2.4.1.Expansion of the depth and breadth of applications Encouraging users and robot enterprises to jointly carry out technical testing and verification;support the implementation of key components verification of robot ma

226、chine enterprises;and enhance the testing and verification capabilities of public technical service platforms.Encouraging robot system integrator to focus on specific scenarios and production processes in breakdown fields.Establishment of a robot application promotion platform to ensure the accurate

227、 matchmaking between production and demand.2.4.2.Implementation of“Robots+”application Fields Goal Development of industrial applications Automotive,electronics,machinery,light industry,textiles,building materials,medicine,public services,warehousing and logistics,intelligent Development and promoti

228、on of new robot products for high-end application market and intelligent manufacturing.22 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS home,education,and entertainment.Expansion of emerging application Mining,petroleum,chemical,agriculture,electric power,construction,aviation,aerospac

229、e,shipping,railroads,nuclear industry,ports,public safety,emergency rescue,medical rehabilitation,and elderly&disabled assistance Development of robot products and solutions based on specific scenarios to carry out pilot demonstrations and expand application space.Enhancement of special applications

230、 Sanitary ware,ceramics,photovoltaic,smelting,casting,sheet metal,hardware and furniture,key links such as glazing,fettling,polishing,grinding,welding,spraying,handling,and palletizing Formation and replication of specialized customized solutions to create a unique service brand and form a new compe

231、titive advantages.2.5.Optimization of the industrial organization structure Development of the high-quality enterprises Encouraging backbone enterprises to use mergers and acquisitions,joint ventures,and other ways for developing ecologically dominant robot enterprises with core competitiveness.Enco

232、uraging enterprises to develop subdivision industries and strengthen their specialized and differentiated development in the complete robots,parts and system integration.Facilitating efforts to improve,strengthen,and stabilize the chain Encouraging backbone enterprises to focus on weak links such as

233、 key parts and high-end complete products.Enhancement of international industrial security cooperation to promote diversification of the supply chain of the robot industry.Creating clusters with special benefits Promotion of a reasonable regional layout to guide resources and innovation factors and

234、cultivate advantageous clusters.3.Safeguarding Measures 3.1.Strengthening the coordination and coordinating the promotion Coordinating the resources and capabilities of industrial management,science and technology,finance and other functional departments to enhance policy synergies with users and su

235、pport the innovative development of the robotics industry Use of bridging capabilities of industry associations and intermediaries to enhance dynamic monitoring of the robotics industry 3.2.Expansion of fiscal and financial support The supports from major national science and technology projects and

236、 key national R&D programs for the development and application of robots.Optimization of the pilot work for insurance compensation mechanism for first(set)major technical equipment to fully play the purchasing role of governments and promote the applications of innovative robot products.Encouraging

237、cities with production-finance cooperation to expand the inputs in the robot industry.Guiding of financial institutions to innovate service modes for financing based on receivables and supply chain.3.3.Creating a good market environment Supporting the third-party testing and certification institutio

238、ns to build their capacities to improve their market recognition and international influence.Protecting intellectual property rights and strengthening the punishment for infringement of intellectual property rights Information Paper|December 2022 23 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS 3.4.Improvement of the

239、 talent guarantee system Strengthening the training of robot science and technology talents to support universities and research institutes for developing high-end professional,technical and composite talents.Encouraging universities and enterprises to jointly conduct education programs;develop a gr

240、oup of modern industrial colleges;promote order cultivation and modern apprenticeship systems;and develop the talents badly needed by the industry.Science publicity efforts for improving the robot qualities of the youth.3.5.International exchange and cooperation Encouraging enterprises,academic inst

241、itutions,and industrial organizations to carry out international exchanges in technologies,standards,testing certification,intelligent properties,and talent development.Encouraging foreign enterprises and institutions to establish R&D facilities and education centers in China.Supporting domestic ent

242、erprises to establish R&D organizations in developed countries for strengthening international technical cooperation and accelerating the promotion of our robots in international markets.Title Guidelines for the“Key Special Program on Intelligent Robots of 2022”Region China Issued by Ministry of Sci

243、ence and Technology of the Peoples Republic of China Announcement April 27,2022 Term of validity 2022 Budget about 43.5 million USD(about 315 million CNY)Key words Basic frontier technologies,Common key technologies,Industrial robots,Service robots and special robots Related website https:/ Backgrou

244、nd In order to implement the arrangements of national science and technology innovation during the“14th Five-Year Plan”,the Key Special Program of“Intelligent Robots”has been launched under the National Key R&D Plan.According to the deployment of this key special program implementation plan,the annu

245、al project declaration guide for 2022 is released.Goal Development of an intelligent robotics system suitable for Chinas national conditions;Achievement of advanced industrial chain,high-end products and system applications;Supporting independent development of the industries/fields related to natio

246、nal economy,major national needs and peoples life and health.The latest R&D project-The key targets of the latest R&D project Basic frontier technologies Common key technologies Industrial robots Service robots and special robots Contents 1.Basic frontier technologies 1.1 Theory on integrated design

247、 of robot structure-function-performance Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the comprehensive design of motion and force analysis theory in the integrated design of structure-function-performance for complex environment robots to reveal the inner mechanism of robot function generation,

248、multi-structure conversion and dynamic performance evolution.Development of a robot principle prototype to verify the environmental adaptability and motion operation function under more than 4 types of working conditions through active/passive regulation of single structure/structure configuration.P

249、ioneering at least two state-of-the-art techn 24 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Development of a collaborative method of robot design,manufacturing and drive control O&M theory in the whole process of design mechanics materials manufacturing-operation.Development of a pr

250、inciple prototype of the robot,which can change its structure independently according to the external environment through mechanism reconstruction to realize the operation in different environments.ology or reaching the highest international standards;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/ga

251、ined.1.2.Controllable cross-media bio-mechanical fusion robot Research content Evaluation criteria Study of the basic theories and implementation methods of controllable cross-media fusion robot to explore the mechanism and model theory of bio-neural feedback and motion control.Development of bio-me

252、chanical cross-media integration bi-directional interface technology based on neural signal transmission mode.Study of embedded multi-mode motion information sensing and online detection method.Establishment of cross-media bio-mechanical system and experimental platform of neuromuscular-mechanical f

253、usion.Development of controllable cross-media fusion robot system with biological neural response mechanism with the accuracy rate of 70%and a shape variable detection error of 5%based on embedded sensing in more than three scenarios.Pioneering at least two state-of-the-art technology or reaching th

254、e highest international standards;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained.1.3 Interactive control and behavioral integration of bio-mechanical systems Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the method of simultaneous measurement and multimodal fusion of physiological informati

255、on on myoelectricity,myoacoustic,blood flow and blood oxygen with physical information on forces and postures.Exploration of the feedback mechanism of mixed ultrasound and electrical stimulation affecting human movement and sensation.Development of a multifunctional integrated flexible bi-directiona

256、l neuromuscular interface device.Establishment of an experimental platform for interactive control of bio-mechanical systems with human-machine co-motor function.Achievement of accurate intent recognition understanding and motion behavior fusion of human in the loop.Development of a flexible bi-dire

257、ctional muscle interface device with synchronized detection function for physical and physiological signals and the in situ synchronous measurement and ultrasound stimulation function.Achievement of three-dimensional forces,temperature,myoacoustic and myoelectric at an ultrasound stimulation spatial

258、 resolution of 8 mm;human-computer interaction intention recognition rate shall be 90%.Establishment of a bio-mechatronics system interaction control experimental platform with the walking speed of 1.6m/s,and realize the typical application of human-machine integration in more than three scenarios.P

259、ioneering at least two state-of-the-art technology or reaching the highest international standards;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained.1.4 Multi-robot collaborative universe sensing technology Research content Evaluation criteria Information Paper|December 2022 25 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D

260、 PROGRAMS Research on the universe scene perception and model representation methods of fusion of information about robot,environment,geography and social activities,the emergence and feedback mechanisms of multi-robot swarm intelligence,the cross-domain matching and cross-fusion of multiple types o

261、f information,the multi-robot navigation and localization,the target detection and tracking,and the interactive decision-making and other key technologies supported by universe perception.Development of a multi-robot collaborative universe perception and intelligent decision-making system and conduc

262、t typical application verification.Development of the universe sensing and intelligent decision-making system for multi-robot clusters.Realization of the sensing fusion of more than 3 types of cross-domain information.Verification of the application in more than 2 typical scenarios with more than 10

263、 sets of 5 types of robots for each scenario.Pioneering at least two state-of-the-art technology or reaching the highest international standards;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained.1.5 Robot skill learning and intelligence development Research content Evaluation criteria Research on

264、 dexterous manipulation arm-hand design,modeling planning and precise control,complex scene object multimode perception and operation,complex operational skill knowledge expression and learning,operational skill recurrence optimization,cumulative generalization,migration application,and other key te

265、chnologies.Development of robot skill learning and development system and platform on dexterous manipulator.Development of the dexterous manipulator with various sensing abilities for forces,positions/touching.Establishment of the robot skill learning and development and platform with HMI skill tran

266、sfer and independent development to realize the learning of more than 5 complex operation skills and the understanding and independent use of tool functions.Verification of more than 3 scenarios in the same category with no object without reprogramming to show the generalized application capacity.Pi

267、oneering at least two state-of-the-art technology or reaching the highest international standards;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained.1.6 Highly mobile wheel-foot bionic robot for complex plateau environment Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the integrated design of w

268、heel-foot composite functional structure,multi-sensor fusion.perception,agile gait and stability control and wheel-foot composite behavior planning and decision making methods.Breakthroughs in key technologies related to high-speed modeling of complex environment and autonomous climbing/agile jumpin

269、g/omnidirectional movement behavior control and autonomous generation and switching of combined motion modes.Development of a highly mobile wheel-foot bionic robot prototype.Realization of wheel-foot composite agile motion in typical environment of highland mountainous areas.Development of highly mo

270、bile wheel-foot bionic robot with the ability to adapt to highland mountainous environments.Implementation of at least 3 movement modes with wheel,foot and wheel-foot.Achievement of more than four kinds of behavior combinations with crossing trenches,steps,vertical obstacles,mud lands and long-dista

271、nce slopes.Requirement of the robot specification:self-weight:350kg,loading capacity:200kg;wheel-mode speed:30km/h,slope climbing degree:45;foot-mode movement over vertical obstacle:1m,jump distance:2m.Pioneering at least two state-of-the-art technology or reaching the highest international standard

272、s;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained.1.7 New concept robot system creation 26 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the new principles,methods and forms to enhance the environmental adaptation capability,task op

273、eration capability or intelligent decision-making capability of robots to conduct innovative design and create new concept robot system.Development of prototypes of new concept robotic systems with originality.Determination of the specific task objectives and system evaluation criteria under the dec

274、lared project.Pioneering at least one state-of-the-art technology or reaching the highest international standards in improving the robots environmental adaptation capability,task operation capability or intelligent decision-making capability;with at least 5 patents for invention applied/gained 2.Com

275、mon key technologies 2.1 Performance improvement and application of core robot parts Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the technologies of designing and optimizing the retention and reliability of precision reducer of robots.Research on the design of robot controller performance and s

276、calability;Research on high quality high power density drive and servo motor performance optimization design Development,promotion,and application of core components of robots leading among the similar products in the world.Establishment of the index system for benchmarking with similar foreign prod

277、ucts.Leading in the world among similar products for the performance and consistency of controllers,servo motors,drives and reducers.Realization of 9-axis interpolation and multi-machine cooperative interpolation and 16-axis linkage in total with additional axes.Achievement of more than 10 patents f

278、or invention applied/gained and more than 20,000 sets of ontology packages.2.2 Overall performance optimization and application of multi-articulated industrial robots Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the lightweight design of robots,the high speed,high load and high precision dynamic

279、s design and control of complete robots and the off-line programming and no-demonstration deployment.Breakthroughs in key technologies such as electromechanical coupling parameter calibration,attitude error compensation and variable inertia high-speed vibration suppression.Improvement of the accurac

280、y,static and dynamic performance and ease of use of domestic industrial robots,and the 6 degree of freedom articulated industrial robot with typical loading capacity.Establishment of a robot system for benchmarking with similar foreign products.Reaching the leading level among the similar foreign pr

281、oducts in the key industrial robot enterprises in at least 5 countries for the performance index of the 6 degree-of-freedom industrial robots with typical loading capacity.Achieved sales of over 20,000 robots.Achievement of more than 10 patents for invention applied/gained.2.3 Integrated development

282、 platform for process applications of industrial robots Research content Evaluation criteria Research on processes and technologies for real-time arc tracking in welding,laser seam positioning and tracking,force control and compensation in contact applications such as assembly,drilling,grinding and

283、polishing,precise control of spray flow and path planning.Breakthroughs in key technologies such as intelligent learning and optimization of process Development of an integrated development platform for process applications of industrial robots,including intelligent process planning,data center and

284、virtual simulation platform.Implementation of more than six typical processes,including welding,painting,grinding,polishing and assembly;with an accuracy rate of more than 95%for simulation and emulation Information Paper|December 2022 27 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS rules and parameters,intelligent

285、process data center and virtual simulation.Development of an integrated development platform for process applications of industrial robots.Use of the platform in more than 5 key enterprises in at least three high-end industries;with the sales of more than 500 sets.Achievement of more than 10 patents

286、 for invention applied/gained.2.4 Intelligent operating system of industrial robots Research content Evaluation criteria Research on open and distributed network control system architecture design,robot universal configuration motion control and dynamic trajectory planning,and self-learning.Breakthr

287、oughs in system multi-task parallel real-time processing,high reliability network control and information security transmission,system multi-awareness fusion and robot control security and other key technologies.Development of a general-purpose industrial robot intelligent operating system with at l

288、east one real-time task interface within 2ms.Realization of Integration of system with application algorithm library;with the average algorithm time of 95%).Improvement of operation efficiency by 20%over manual operation.Achievement of more than 10 patents for invention applied/gained.Establishment

289、of more than two enterprise standards.3.2 Flexible integrated manufacturing system and application demonstration for power battery pack multi-robot Research content Evaluation criteria Research on key technologies such as automatic welding of battery modules,automatic gluing of cases,collaborative h

290、uman-machine operation of fasteners and agile production of mixed rows of multiple species.Establishment of a flexible manufacturing system for collaborative operation of multi-category power battery pack robots.Development of a multi-robot flexible integrated manufacturing system for power battery

291、packs,including robotic flexible work cell workstations for assembly,welding,gluing,fastening and testing.Realization of robot demonstration on more than 3 production lines.Use of more than 50 sets of robots applied to each line in 3 categories.Achievement of more than 10 patents for invention appli

292、ed/gained.Establishment of more than two enterprise standards.28 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS 3.3 Automated production line and application demonstration of robots for woven material industry Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the key technologies such as

293、 robotized yarn management,finding yarn heads,yarn hanging,yarn threading etc.Breakthroughs in key technologies such as adaptive end-effector design for weaving robots,large-load weaving axis transfer and dexterous operation in restricted spaces,and fabric defect detection and real-time disposal.Dev

294、elopment of a series of special robots for weaving material operation and robot automated production system for complex production process of weaving materials.Development of domestic robot automated production line for the weaving material industry,with quality inspection,fault detection,process in

295、formation,data traceability and other functions.Realization of more than 3 application demonstrations of domestic robot automation production line;with more than 10 robot applications(including the textile-specific robots to be developed under the project).Achievement of more than 10 patents for inv

296、ention applied/gained.4.Service robots 4.1 R&D of robotic system for assisting spinal laminectomy surgery Research content Evaluation criteria Research on key technologies such as autonomous planning,human-machine collaboration,safe and effective local autonomous operation of the vertebral plate dec

297、ompression surgery robot.Research on robot clinical operation specification and operating room compatibility design.Obtaining a Class III medical device license for a complete robotic system for assisted spinal laminectomy.Realization of automatic robotic planning and local autonomous operation.Veri

298、fication of robotic system on more than 60 clinical demonstration applications in more than 5 hospitals with the product technology maturity of level 8.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.2 R&D of robotic system for soft tissue puncture surgeries such as lungs Research

299、content Evaluation criteria Research on the ease of use,stability and clinical adaptability of the puncture treatment surgery robot to improve the clinical surgical capability of the product.Breakthrough in high reliability and high safety guarantee technology for surgical robots to realize the reli

300、ability design of the whole machine.Research on the clinical operation specification and operating room compatibility design for thoracoabdominal puncture oriented to lung,liver or kidney to improve clinical adaptability.Obtaining a Class III medical device license for the lung puncture surgery robo

301、t system.Verification of robotic system on more than 60 clinical demonstration applications in more than 5 hospitals with the product technology maturity of level 8.Preparation and submission of clinical trial cases and clinical trial reports.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/

302、gained.4.3 Brain neurointerventional nuclear magnetic image guidance(NMR)compatible puncture robot technologies and systems Research content Evaluation criteria Research on NMR-compatible cerebral neurointerventional robot system design,NMR image processing and real-time navigation,cerebral neuroint

303、erventional surgery design and 3D path planning of puncture needle,precision control,and safety assurance technology.Development of a prototype NMR-compatible Achievement of Cerebral neurointerventional puncture robotic system compatible with 3T MRI scanner.Verification of robotic system on 10 live

304、animals and 5 human specimens under NMR navigation with the product technology maturity of level 7.Information Paper|December 2022 29 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS puncture robot system for neurological interventions in the brain of animal and human specimens.Achievement of more than 5 patents for inv

305、ention applied/gained.4.4 Fundus microinjection surgery robot technologies and systems Research content Evaluation criteria Research on microinjection robot mechanism in the confined space of the closed eye to achieve precise and flexible operation under minimally invasive conditions;Optical Coheren

306、ce Tomography(OCT)and microscopic image fusion technology for precise targeting;Complex soft tissue robotic precision microinjection technology to achieve microscopic precision injection in the fundus.Development of a robotic system for fundus microinjection surgery.Verification of robotic system on

307、 more than 10 live animals with a success rate of 90%;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.5 Percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery robot technologies and systems Research content Evaluation criteria Research on key technol

308、ogies such as rigid-flexible coupling robot mechanism adapted to the needs of spinal endoscopic surgery,multi-source information perception and image fusion in narrow water environment,vision-enhanced guidance and human-machine cooperative safety control.Development of a robotic system for spinal en

309、doscopic operation in confined spaces to realize surgical operation functions such as peeling,probing,clamping,cautery and cutting under spinal endoscopy.Realization of dexterous and delicate operations such as endoscopic stripping,probing,clamping,cautery and cutting.Verification of robotic system

310、on 10 live animals and 5 human specimens with a success rate of 90%;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.6 Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)acupuncture robot technologies and systems Research content Evaluation

311、criteria Research on the key technologies such as robot dexterity mechanism,state perception and fine control of robotic humanoid acupuncture operation,digital modeling and automatic identification of acupuncture points under image guidance,automatic positioning planning of acupuncture points.Develo

312、pment of an intelligent TCM acupuncture robot system to realize animal and human application verification.Development of an autonomous acupuncture robot system for indications including nerve injury,urinary incontinence,and pain treatment.Verification of acupuncture robot system on more than 10 case

313、s of animal and 20 cases of human;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.7 Acquired debilitating rehabilitation robot technologies and systems for critical illnesses Research content Evaluation criteria Research on the intera

314、ction technology of multimodal information fusion of vision,haptics,electrophysiology and ultrasound to achieve patient cognitive state recognition,behavioral intention understanding and human-computer interaction control;Assisted respiratory rehabilitation assessment and treatment technology,muscle

315、 function recovery method with precise electrical stimulation,variable configuratio Development of wearable system for collecting physiological and morphological information such as EEG,EM,and ultrasound;cognitive state and intention recognition categories(20);correct recognition rate(90%).Developme

316、nt of robotic platform for assisting patients to complete the autonomous conversion of sitting,standing positions,and self-balancing walking with the active drive degrees 30 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS n robot creation method.of freedom of 12.Verification of robot sys

317、tem on 5 cases of clinical trials;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.8 Urination and defecation ability enhancement training and cleaning robot system for bed-ridden elderly people Research content Evaluation criteria Res

318、earch on a robot for defecation ability enhancement training with functions of autonomous diagnosis and assessment,personalized rehabilitation prescription generation,rehabilitation training and effect assessment.Breakthrough in key technologies such as defecation intention monitoring,human position

319、 recognition and positioning,human-machine contact force control,hip cleaning robot control,system comfort and safety design.Development of the defecation ability training module;with more than 3 training modes;with improved the defecation and urination ability(20%).Verification of robot system on m

320、ore than 30 cases;with the accuracy rate of urination and defecation monitoring and early warning(95%);with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.4.9 Single-port cardiac surgery robot technologies and systems Research content Evalu

321、ation criteria Research on robot mechanism configuration and end-effector design in confined spaces to meet surgical operation requirements;High-precision multidimensional force sensing technology to achieve precise force feedback for surgical operations;Precise recognition of surgical targets based

322、 on image information to achieve real-time dynamic tracking control of the operative area;Development of a prototype single-hole cardiac surgery robot system to realize typical cardiac surgery operations such as internal mammary artery acquisition and mitral valve surgery.Development of a single-hol

323、e cardiac surgery robotic system with a flexible end surgical actuator with the single-hole channel diameter(30 mm),three multifunctional instruments,more than six surgical actuator end degrees of freedom,surgical actuator positioning accuracy(1mm),surgical actuator end effective operation force(3 N

324、),and force sensing accuracy(0.1 N).Verification of robotic system on 10 live animals;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.5.Special robots 5.1 Large hydropower dam underwater intelligent defect detection robot system Researc

325、h content Evaluation criteria Research on key technologies such as lightweight structure design of underwater inspection robots,inertial autonomous positioning and navigation technology,dam defect measurement and identification,underwater anti-disturbance motion control,underwater power supply and c

326、ommunication,remote operation and local autonomous fusion.Research on robot clinical operation specification and operating room compatibility design.Development of large hydropower dam underwater intelligent defect detection robot with the maximum working depth of 300m,the directional positioning ac

327、curacy of 1,the distance positioning accuracy of 0.5%slope distance,the depth positioning accuracy of 0.05%,and the speed estimation accuracy of 0.5%.Verification of robot performance in large dam based on the defect measurement area error of 5%,the volume error of 10%and the defect positioning erro

328、r of 0.5 m;with the product technology maturity of level 7.Achievement of more than 10 patents for invention applied/gained.Information Paper|December 2022 31 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS 5.2 Key technology and application demonstration of high-speed robot for Mini LED mega-volume transfer Research c

329、ontent Evaluation criteria Research on one-time,high-speed,precise and stable giant transfer methods for Mini LEDs.Research on key technologies such as lightweight design of intermittent motion transfer robots with ultra-high speed,high precision and high frequency,multi-source error transfer and co

330、mpensation,fatigue life design under alternating load,and system vibration suppression under high frequency excitation.Development of High-speed robot system for Mini LED mega-transfer with X,Y axis positioning accuracy(5m),maximum transfer target area(1450mm 850mm),minimum transfer chip(125m 75m),t

331、ransfer speed(180,000pcs/hour),and chip transfer accuracy(153).Verification of robot system performance in at least 15 application demonstrations.Achievement of more than 5 patents for invention applied/gained.32 Information Paper|December 2022 WORLD ROBOTICS R&D PROGRAMS A02 Japan Title New Robot S

332、trategy Japans Robot Strategy Region Japan Issued by The Headquarters for Japans Economic Revitalization Announcement January 23,2015 Term of validity 2016 2020 Budget 842 million USD(95.7 billion JPY)for 2022 Keywords Robot Revolution Initiative,New Robot Strategy,Connected Industry,Society 5.0 Rel

333、ated website New Robot Strategy https:/www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/seizou/robot_competition/pdf/001_se02_00.pdf Robot Revolution Initiative https:/www.jmfrri.gr.jp/english/outline/Fukushima Robot Test Field https:/www.fipo.or.jp/robot/World Robot Summit https:/worldrobotsummit.org/en/Background Research and development of humanoid robots in Japan began in the 1970s,centered on universities