1、Boosting EfficiencyDelivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin AmericaThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Thr

2、ough its work,the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries,11 association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,t

3、o the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLi

4、thuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TrkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaMoroccoSingaporeSouth Af

5、ricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYBoosting efficiency Abstract Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|2 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Abstract Countries around the world are facing an energy security and affordability crisis affecting households,businesses and public budgets.In

6、 Latin America,household expenditure on energy services is second only to food.On average,the share of household budget for energy ranges between 7%and 9%of income and up to more than 24%for the poorest households.As governments urgently implement measures to protect citizens and secure their econom

7、ies,it is important to consider short-and long-term solutions to ease existing pain and reduce risks over time.While much attention focuses on securing energy supplies,it is equally important to take a hard look at the role of more efficient and flexible demand in securing affordable,reliable energy

8、.There are several reasons for this.First,one of the fastest and cheapest options for short-term emergency situations is to reduce demand.Second,investments in more efficient technologies and practices can reduce risk over time while improving access to energy services,saving money and supporting ef

9、ficient,less costly energy systems.Third,managing demand by improving efficiency and making loads more flexible is key to cost-effectively meeting decarbonisation goals.Decades of policies and programmes have delivered energy savings around the world.As a result,energy systems are more resilient,bil

10、ls are lower,and public budgets feel less pressure than they would have without these efforts.This report looks at energy efficiency and demand management policies and programmes across Latin America.It presents evidence of the results of these efforts on improving living standards,public budgets,en

11、ergy security and employment,and provides a view on the opportunities to expand these benefits and support just energy transitions.Boosting efficiency Acknowledgements Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|3 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Acknowledgements,contributors and credits This rep

12、ort was prepared by the Energy Efficiency Division(EEFD)of the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security(EMS)of the International Energy Agency(IEA).This publication was produced with the support of the Danish Ministry of Energy and IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme.Edith Bayer led the analysi

13、s and production of the report with strategic guidance from Melanie Slade,Senior Manager of the Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies Programme and Brian Motherway,Head of the IEA EEFD.Important inputs,comments and feedback were provided by the following IEA and Energy Efficiency Hub collagues:Ale

14、jandra Bernal,Olivia Chen,Joerg Husar,Kristina Klimovich,Vida Rozite and Daniel Wetzel.Ana Lepure and Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira provided invaluable research and input.The IEA would like to thank the following experts who provided essential inputs,review and encouragement:Jlia Alvez and colleagues fro

15、m Mitsidi Projetos;Carlos Eduardo Barreira Firmeza de Brito and Carmen Silvia Sanches from the Brazilian National Electricity Agency(ANEEL);Luisa Fernanda Manrique and colleagues from the Colombian Fund for Non-Conventional Energy Efficiency(FENOGE);Estefania Neiva de Mello from Eletrobras;Flvio Rap

16、oso de Almeida and colleagues from the Brazilian Energy Research Office(EPE);Anabella Ruiz from the Argentinean Ministry of Economy;the Mexican Secretary of Energy(SENER),Electricity Energy Saving Trust Fund(FIDE),and Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy(CONUEE);George Soares and Alexandre de

17、Sousa Rodrigues dos Reis from ENBPar;Samira Sousa and Alexandra Albuquerque Maciel from the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy(MME);Jos Antonio Urteaga from the Inter-American Development Bank(IDB);Sebastin Wainberg and colleagues at the Ministry of Industry,Energy and Mining of Uruguay.Thanks a

18、lso to the IEA Communications and Digital Office(CDO)for their help in producing the publication,especially to Astrid Dumond and Clara Vallois.Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|4 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Energy security and a

19、ffordability The first fuel Energy efficiency improvements have delivered big savings and provide big opportunities Today the world is facing an energy crisis within a broader climate emergency.The crisis comes on the heels of the Covid-19 pandemic,already volatile energy prices and weather-related

20、challenges in many countries.Much of the focus lies on how to secure supply,with policymakers focussed on how to“keep the lights on.”Yet if we stick to lighting for a moment,it is equally relevant to consider whether we might meet the same goal by installing more efficient light bulbs.The same balan

21、cing act occurs throughout the energy system,across buildings,transport,and industry.In each sector the demand side determines how much energy is needed,and equally,can be managed to be more efficient and flexible.Decades of experience show that energy efficiency and other demand management measures

22、 such as load shifting and conservation can deliver both short-and long-term benefits to the energy system and to consumers.These measures slim down demand,lower costs,cut emissions,avoid more expensive supply side investments and can be shaped to complement variable renewable generation.They save h

23、ouseholds,businesses and governments money and improve competitiveness.And they improve access to energy services and generate jobs many of them local.This is true of emergency measures as well as of sustained improvements over time.Consider what a decade of energy efficiency improvements has delive

24、red in the regions largest economies.In Brazil,by 2019 ten years of energy efficiency improvements had prevented 14%higher energy use in freight transport and almost 6%higher energy use in households.In Mexico,by 2015 ten years of energy efficiency improvements had avoided almost 8%higher energy use

25、.In the residential sector,energy efficiency is estimated to have avoided 33%higher energy use.And this is just a slice of the energy savings achieved in both countries over nearly 30 years,thanks to which they require less effort to procure energy at home or abroad to satisfy demand.In Chile,the na

26、tional plan for energy efficiency,published in 2013,delivered the equivalent of 9%of projected energy demand in 2019.This represented a Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|5 I EA.CC BY 4.0.savings of 8.7 million tonne

27、s of CO2 equivalent,the same as the annual emissions of five million cars,delivering energy security while advancing climate goals.The examples highlighted in this report reflect the results of key policies and programmes in Latin America,demonstrating the value of energy efficiency and demand manag

28、ement in advancing policy priorities including energy security,affordability,access to energy services,and jobs and skills creation.The conclusions are powerful.Energy efficiency delivers and has tremendous potential to grow and to help deliver affordable,reliable access to energy services now and i

29、nto the future.Affordability and security for households In Latin America,household expenditure on energy services is second only to food.On average,the share of household budget for energy ranges between 7%and 9%of income.The poorest households(the bottom income quintile,representing one one ten ho

30、useholds)pay more than 24%of their income on energy,often concentrated on electricity and gas.The current energy crisis is hitting households hard,raising the costs of fuel and food,and combining with inflation to drive a dire cost-of-living crisis.This comes on the back of the Covid-19 pandemic,whi

31、ch already disrupted livelihoods for many people.In 2019-2021,the number of people living below the poverty line in Latin America and the Caribbean increased from 28%to 30%this means 14 million people fell into poverty.This figure would have been much higher if not for important social support progr

32、ammes implemented across the region.Affordable energy is essential to ensure access to basic energy services,including lighting,clean cooking,space cooling,heating and transport.Providing relief on energy bills is important to maintain access to these services a need that increases when energy price

33、s rise.Yet old and inefficient appliances often lock in high bills,requiring high levels of support to help meet basic needs.Energy efficiency can help more permanently lower bills and government expenditures.Policies and programmes,such as those that improve the minimum efficiency of appliances and

34、 equipment available in the market,can help households purchase efficient appliances,or implement other measures such as shading to increase passive cooling.Take the example of Mexico.Over 30 years,the Mexican minimum energy performance standards(Normas Mexicanas or NOMs)have driven the worst-perfor

35、ming appliances out of the market,improving the efficiency of available models.This has delivered cumulative savings of 7%of annual electricity consumption.Over this period,there has been a powerful correlation between Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,se

36、curity and jobs in Latin America PAGE|6 I EA.CC BY 4.0.improvements in efficiency,increased ownership of basic appliances,and a decrease in final energy consumption.This correlation has been tracked closely for two key appliances:refrigerators and washing machines.Over the 30 years that the Mexican

37、standards have been in place,the number of households with refrigerators has grown by 19%and with washing machines by 20%,yet total average household electricity consumption has dropped by 17%.While there are some differences between areas with high first-time appliance ownership and those replacing

38、 old appliances with more efficient models,across the country households at all income levels have reduced the portion of income spent on energy bills.The poorest households saw the biggest savings:in 1994 they spent 9%of their bills on energy,dropping by nearly half by 2016.The Brazilian Programme

39、for Energy Efficiency(PEE)is another example of how low-income households can benefit from long-term energy efficiency programmes.Under the PEE,utilities must dedicate a portion of revenues to improve end-use energy efficiency.Historically,about half of the investments in energy efficiency have been

40、 made in low-income households.Estimates show these projects have saved around 30 kWh per household per month,or about 15%of average monthly electricity consumption for a low-income household.Some projects have been implemented using innovative approaches,such as partnering with NGOs and local resid

41、ents in low-income communities to enable access to homes to put in place energy efficiency measures,demonstrating the value of partnerships to deliver results.These programmes play an important role in advancing equitable distribution of the benefits of national policies.For example in the case of a

42、ppliances,they ensure that low-income households benefit from the continuous improvements in the efficiency of new appliances in the market that are driven by minimum energy performance standards and labelling programmes.While few countries in the region have tracked the link between policies and th

43、eir impacts on low-income households at national level,a number of targeted programmes demonstrate the value of focussed efforts to improve access to efficient technologies and practices:In Chile,the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism implemented a subsidy programme for insulation of low-income housin

44、g.From 2009-12,nearly 33 000 families benefitted from the programme.The Housing Improvement Programme(Programa de Mejoramiento de Vivienda)delivered weatherisation improvements in socio-economically vulnerable communities in Uruguay.The pilot programme delivered improvements that reduced heating dem

45、and(mostly met with gas heaters)by 21%in summer and Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|7 I EA.CC BY 4.0.24%in winter.Projects further improved both the health and comfort of households by reducing temperature fluctua

46、tions and excess humidity.In Colombia,the Fund for Non-Conventional Energy and Energy Efficiency,FENOGE,plays an important role in supporting energy efficiency and clean energy policy objectives through project financing and investment.From 2020 to 2022,FENOGE replaced more than 218 000 light bulbs

47、and 10 150 refrigerators and air conditioners with high-efficiency models in low-income households.In Uruguay,the programme Canasta de Servicios(Basket of Services)combines social support with energy efficiency to improve access to energy services while optimising use of public support systems.In Me

48、xico,the Sustainable Light and Save Yourself a Light programmes together replaced 86 million incandescent bulbs with CFLs.The Save Yourself a Light programme,which replaced 40 million bulbs,is estimated to have helped 7.9 million Mexican families to save USD 160.9 million in energy expenditures a ye

49、ar,avoiding government payments of USD 470.3 million in annual subsidy payments.Energy savings translate into budget savings Energy efficiency is an important source of savings for public budgets.Most countries in Latin America subsidise energy prices.Subsidies for electricity alone,primarily geared

50、 towards households,account for about 1%of GDP on average.Measures to reduce the costs of diesel and gasoline have grown across the region.In Mexico,recent fuel subsidies account for about 1%of GDP,and across the region subsidies and other fiscal support mechanisms have been in place to offset the i

51、mipact of increasing fuel prices.Programmes delivering energy savings,such as appliance replacement schemes,can be an important part of a package of public support that focuses on lifting families out of energy poverty,while generating public budget savings.In Mexico,a dedicated programme replaced 1

52、.9 million refrigerators and air conditioners all over 9 years old among low-income families from 2009 to 2012.The programme led to estimated savings of 6 770 GWh,equivalent to 8%of annual residential electricity consumption in Mexico.The government recovered its costs in about four years,saving the

53、 equivalent of USD 83.2 million in annual subsidies through avoided energy consumption.The public utility company benefitted from demand savings of 210 MW,equivalent to an investment of USD 147 million in power generation infrastructure.The programme eliminated 147 tons of refrigerant gases and redu

54、ced another 3.4 million tons of CO2 emissions.Similar programmes have been rolled out in other countries in the region,including Brazil,Colombia,Cuba,and Ecuador.The Inter-American Development Bank estimates that there is the potential to replace at least 20 Boosting efficiency Energy security and a

55、ffordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|8 I EA.CC BY 4.0.million inefficient refrigerators through loans paid back on energy bills throughout the region.1 The Brazilian PEE,mentioned earlier,has not only saved low-income households money;it has led to government

56、 budget savings through lower overall subsidy payments due to reduced energy use.Over the past five years,projects saved the equivalent of between 1%and 1.3%of energy consumption across all low-income households.This is the equivalent of between BRL 165 million and BRL 220 million(approximately USD

57、31 million and USD 38 million)2 in subsidy savings or 41%to 55%of the resources allocated for Procels programmes in 2022 and 2023.3 Brazils leading energy efficiency programmes Brazil has two leading national energy efficiency programmes:The Programme for Energy Conservation(Procel)and the Programme

58、 for Energy Efficiency(PEE).Together,these programmes deliver energy savings across all sectors,often with a strong focus on low-income households and the public sector.Procel was established in 1985 and housed within a subsidiary of Eletrobras,the state-owned electricity company.The programme has t

59、he objective of promoting energy conservation within the electricity sector.The governance structure of the programme has evolved over time in response to political and institutional changes.In its early years,Procel was funded from two primary sources:sectoral funds established to support developme

60、nt and innovation in the electricity sector,and directly from the budget of Eletrobras.In 2016,utility contributions began to fund the programme.In 2023,with the privatisation of Eletrobras,Procel is moving to the new state-run energy company,ENBpar.The Programme for Energy Efficiency(PEE)is the oth

61、er major driver of programmatic energy efficiency in Brazil.It was established following the passage of Law 9.991/2000,which mandated electricity distribution companies to invest a portion of their revenues in research,development and energy efficiency initiatives.It is one of two utility-funded ene

62、rgy efficiency programmes in Latin America,with the other based in Uruguay.1 Inter-American Development Bank,analysis based on own data,2023.2 Exchange rate:1 Real Brasileo(BRL)=EUR 0.18=USD 0.19(as of 28 Feb 2023).3 The published Par Procel plan for 2022 to 2023 contains several projects totalling

63、BRL 225 million.However,the total budget collected from the utilities(0.1%of their revenue)was higher,totalling BRL 402 million.The calculation here is based on this higher figure.Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|9

64、 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Energy efficiency can deliver significant savings to municipal budgets.In cities,public energy expenditures cover things like street lighting,sanitation,and public transport.Street lighting can constitute up to 65%of municipal electricity budgets,while drinking water and wastewater p

65、lants can often account for 30%to 40%of total municipal energy consumption.In all of these areas,programmes to improve energy efficiency are an important part of budget balancing strategies.In Mexico,a series of programmes has driven energy savings in the public sector.Buildings and transport.In 202

66、1,the Federal Public Administration project in Mexico saved 16.7 GWh of electricity in public buildings,5.3 million litres of diesel and 1.3 million litres of gasoline in public vehicle fleets.This programme has been in place since 1993.Over the past decade,the programme has saved more than MXN 180

67、million(USD 9.81 million)4 in federal public expenditures.Street lighting.Mexico has transformed street lighting,replacing less efficient lights with LEDs.In 2012,LEDs accounted for just 3%of street lighting in the country;in 2021 the share reached 62%.A combination of minimum energy performance sta

68、ndards,the National Project for Energy Efficiency in Public Municipal Lighting,and city leadership drove this transition.The 61 cities(with a combined population of 12 million people)who participated in the project saw their electricity bills shrink by 40%,and,in some cases,savings reached as high a

69、s 75%.By 2019,a similar project in Uruguay had replaced 42%of all public lighting in the country with efficient bulbs,up from zero in 2013.Packages of energy savings projects can generate even deeper benefits.The city of Guarulhos,Brazil,has implemented seven actions to save energy,including replaci

70、ng street and hospital lighting,replacing electric showers with solar water heaters in public social housing projects,and improving the efficiency of the municipal water supply system.These measures reduced electricity consumption by 26 351 MWh per year,saving the city BRL 5.25 million(USD 1 million

71、)5 annually with measures paying for themselves in around five years.Families participating in the solar water heater programme saved an estimated 40%on their monthly electricity bills.The projects drew support from several programmes,including EDP So Paolo(the regional electricity distribution comp

72、any)and the Technological Research Institute(IPT),as well as Procel Municipal Energy and Procel Reluz.City carbon emission reduction goals can be an important driver of energy efficiency programmes.Medellin,Colombia aims to reduce emissions from municipal buildings by 60%,and new municipal buildings

73、 must meet 100%4 Exchange rate:1 MXN=EUR 0.051=USD 0.054(as of 28 Feb 2023).5 Exchange rate:1 BRL=EUR 0.18=USD 0.19(as of 28 Feb 2023).Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|10 I EA.CC BY 4.0.sustainability and carbon ne

74、utral criteria by 2030.So far,a number of municipal buildings have been retrofitted,saving an average of 22%on bills.Measures undertaken include energy audits,envelope upgrades,system replacements and green building certifications.Similarly,Mexico city estimates that it can reduce GHG emissions by 2

75、0.5%through replacement of high energy consuming household appliances,and 37%through energy efficiency measures in buildings,businesses,services and industry.In several countries,there has been a push to increase the efficiency of public transport fleets to both increase efficiency and reduce emissi

76、ons.Both Santiago,Chile and Medellin,Colombia,have seen significant cost savings with electric public buses.In Santiago,electric buses have 75%cheaper energy costs than diesel,and 37%lower maintenance costs.In Medellin,fuel costs have been 55%lower,and operating and maintenance costs have been 25%lo

77、wer than for buses fuelled by compressed natural gas(CNG).Both countries are transforming public transport fleets as part of broader transport policies driving towards lower emissions and higher efficiency.A city initiative in So Paulo is requiring all new buses to be electric from October 2022,with

78、 2 600 out of 14 000 buses expected to be electric by the end of 2024.Chile recently announced one of the most ambitious vehicle electrification policies in the world that sets zero-emission sales targets for 100%of light-and medium-duty vehicles and city buses by 2035.In Uruguay,a programme to purc

79、hase public electric buses has replaced 4%of the national diesel bus fleet.A subsidy has brought the purchase price of an electric bus down to that of a bus of equivalent dimensions.The subsidy for electric buses is the same as that paid to support the cost of diesel fuel for the lifetime of a diese

80、l-powered bus,making this a case of shifting public spending to low-carbon alternatives.The programme has also required buses to modernise,including by having a low floor,air conditioning,travel information and security cameras.Similar programmes exist in other countries in the region.A low-cost res

81、ource to address the risks of today and tomorrow There is a story of a fox6 that comes across a boar sharpening its tusks.Seeing no hunters or other dangers nearby,the fox asks why the boar is bothering with this.The boar responds that when it is being hunted,it will have no time to sharpen its tusk

82、s;it must be ready.Similarly,it is important to sharpen energy 6 Aesops Fables,Avenel Books.Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|11 I EA.CC BY 4.0.efficiency and demand management programmes to be ready to respond to n

83、ear-term crises and to strengthen long-term energy security.Energy efficiency strengthens energy security in several ways.It reduces reliance on energy imports and can create space to increase exports.It brings down the amount of energy needed to deliver energy services,lowering bills under normal c

84、ircumstances,and buffering the cost impact of running an appliance or driving a vehicle during price spikes.Adding strategies to shift energy consumption through automation,price signals,or other methods further mitigates the impact of high prices by shifting demand away from high-priced periods and

85、 increasing consumption when prices are low.Short-term emergency measures Brazil is one of the countries with longest experience with emergency demand management measures in the region due to the effect of record-breaking droughts on its hydro-dominated power system.From June to December 2001,a drou

86、ght led regions to impose conservation mandates,reducing demand by between 18 to 21%compared with the previous year.The main driver was a series of incentives and penalties linked to quotas,followed by savings from programmes distributing CFLs and an increase in the purchase of energy efficient appl

87、iances.Some of the energy savings persisted:in 2003 electricity consumption was still 7%below 2000 levels,despite 4%annual GDP growth in both intervening years.In 2021,Brazil faced its second worst hydrological crisis in history due to drought.The government rapidly mobilised emergency measures acro

88、ss the energy system.Pricing incentives and information campaigns stimulated electricity customers to reduce their consumption by 5.6 TWh,lowering bills by 4.5%.Federal buildings,which were mandated to reduce consumption,cut their demand by an average of 21%from September 2021 to April 2022.The Volu

89、ntary Electricity Demand Reduction programme(RVD)delivered a further 28.8 GWh of electricity savings from small and medium consumers from September December 2021.This is equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of the state of Paraiba and enough to supply 32.8 million families for one month.

90、Successful demand response among large consumers helped to support the conversion of Brazils pilot demand response programme to a structural programme in the electricity sector in 2022.Countries across the region face the challenge of adapting to hydropower disruptions driven by climate change.Hydro

91、power is the main source of electricity generation in most countries,accounting for 45%of electricity supply across the region.Analysis of the impacts of climate change on hydro systems in the region finds that Mexico,Argentina,Chile and several Central American Boosting efficiency Energy security a

92、nd affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|12 I EA.CC BY 4.0.countries in particular are likely to see a consistent decrease in mean hydropower capacity factors due to changing rain patterns.Continuous improvements in energy efficiency and demand management are

93、 essential to strengthen energy systems against future crises and,increasingly,to help manage growing stress on energy systems.Longer-term energy security Energy security can be defined in different ways,including by import/export balances,diversity of energy sources,resilience of energy systems to

94、disruption,and reduction of exposure to risks such as price volatility on global markets.Energy efficiency can contribute to each of these dimensions.Mexico,for example,has calculated the contribution of energy efficiency programmes to energy independence,defined as the level of consumption to produ

95、ction in-country.While energy independence has decreased over time,energy efficiency has tempred this trend.From 2000-2015,energy efficiency improved the level of energy independence by 9%relative to a scenario without energy savings.Index of energy independence with and without energy efficiency(in

96、 petajoules)in Mexico,2000-2015 IEA.All right reserved.Source:National Commission for the Efficeint use of Energy(CONUEE)(2020),Indicadores de Eficiencia Energtica en Mxico.Transport is another important strategic sector across Latin America,with road transport playing an important role.Trucks are p

97、articularly important because of Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|13 I EA.CC BY 4.0.the long distances often travelled to transport goods.Take the case of Brazil.Over the past 20 years,Brazil has become one of the

98、worlds leading agricultural exporters.This has increased freight demand and,correspondingly,fuel demand.Increasing diesel demand and imports have led the country to implement several initiatives and programmes in order to reduce the countrys energy dependence.A few highlights are the auto labelling,

99、Inovar Auto,Rota 2030,Proconve,RenovaBio,PNPB,Pro Trilhos and BR do Mar programmes.Along with new investments in railways and an increase in the size of trucks,this suite of policies has led to a 38%reduction in the energy intensity of the freight sector from 2000 to 2022.Institutional frameworks fo

100、r energy efficiency Targeted policies,programmes and institutional frameworks play a central role in delivering energy savings,helping to overcome barriers to energy efficiency and driving the market for energy efficient products and services.Countries with the strongest advancements in energy effic

101、iency have developed institutional frameworks to develop,track and improve energy efficiency policies and programmes.In Mexico,for example,the Secretary of Energy(SENER)is the central authority overseeing the planning,coordination,and definition of energy efficiency policies.In addition,the National

102、 Commission for the Efficient use of Energy(CONUEE)plays a central role as the expert body on energy efficiency,including by promoting energy efficiency,capacity building,analysing progress and informing policy.Some other countries in Latin America have divided these responsibilities among several a

103、gencies,such as in Brazil with the Ministry of Mines and Energy(MME),National Energy Conservation Programme(Procel),Energy Research Office(EPE),and National Electricity Regulatory Agency(ANEEL)all having important roles.Other countries have dedicated agencies or entites leveraging public-private coo

104、peration such as in Chile,where the Sustainable Energy Agency focusses on implementing projects and developing the market for efficiency services.Securing a least-cost,reliable power sector Energy efficiency has a strong track record of reducing electricity consumption,including peak demand.This is

105、important,as the value of energy savings and demand-side management will only grow with the continued expansion of electricity demand and intermittent renewable generation.Several countries programmes have delivered significant electricity system benefits over time:Boosting efficiency Energy securit

106、y and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|14 I EA.CC BY 4.0.In Uruguay,a national lighting programme rolled out in two phases from 2008 to 2009 and 2011 to 2012,replaced incandescent bulbs with CFLs in households across the country.Each time,households bene

107、fitted from receiving two CFL bulbs.The first phase of the programme generated peak savings of up 100 MW,with another 82 MW shaved off peak in the second phase.The second phase saved 2.4%of total residential,and 1%of total electricity consumption in the country.It reached 72%of homes,benefitting the

108、 vast majority of the population through lower bills,and all users on the system through avoided electricity generation costs.In Brazil,Procel and the Programme for Energy Efficiency(PEE)have together saved an average of more than 13 000 GWh of electricity a year over the most recent decade of their

109、 operation,equivalent to 82%of all of the consumption of solar PV on the Brazilian system in 2021(16 752 GWh).They have reduced peak demand by about 4.6%of Brazils historic peak,demonstrating the value of peak-coincident energy savings to benefit power systems in addition to customer bills.Appliance

110、 standards and labelling programmes have further delivered important savings,as illustrated by air conditioning and electric motors.Many countries in the region have introduced standards and labelling frameworks for appliances and electric motors,including Uruguay,Chile,Argentina,Colombia,Panama,Mex

111、ico and countries in the Central American Integration System(SICA)region.Air conditioning(AC)is an important area of focus,given the growth in air conditioner ownership in the region.In the IEAs Future of Cooling report,improving the energy efficiency of ACs could reduce the contribution of ACs to p

112、eak demand from 24%to 15%in Mexico and from 31%to 20%in Brazil.The Brazilian Energy Research Office has estimated that demand for electricity due to the use of air conditioners in the residential sector could grow by 5.4%per year from 2017 to 2035 and reach 48 TWh.In 2022,Brazil updated its minimum

113、energy performance standards for air conditioners,which are expected to deliver 67 TWh of electricity savings by 2040.Combined with passive cooling measures,energy efficiency and demand management for ACs can support affordable access to cooling while limiting the stress of peak loads on power syste

114、ms.Electric motors are another priority sector.Electric motors are nearly ubiquitous,and power everything from large industrial processes to household fans.In Latin America,they account for 644 TWh of consumption,more than the annual electricity consumption of Brazil.Few countries in the region have

115、 adopted the premium IE3 international efficiency standard for motors.In 2017,Brazil approved the adoption of a minimum performance standard at the level of IE3 for motors up to 500 horsepower.These new indices are expected to generate an accumulated saving of 11.2 TWh between 2019 and 2030,with ann

116、ual Boosting efficiency Energy security and affordability Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|15 I EA.CC BY 4.0.savings equivalent to the annual consumption of more than half a million households.Across the region,even in countries with high standards,there is the challe

117、nge of very old motors with low efficiencies(IE1 level or below)that continue to operate.By one estimate,replacing old motors with IE3 standard-level motors,the minimum required in Brazil and Mexico,would lead to 8%energy savings.Going one level higher to IE4 would lead to 10%energy savings.The payb

118、ack on motor replacement,through lower energy bills,can be less than a year.This can make a tremendous impact on electricity systems while cutting costs,but requires policy action to accelerate.The potential for energy savings is much greater These numbers are significant.And yet,consider the remain

119、ing potential.In Mexico,the Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy(CONUEE)has calculated that a new refrigerator can consume up to 65%less energy than one that is more than 10 years old.In Colombia,inefficiencies in energy consumption across the economy are estimated at 67%.Applying best availab

120、le technologies can reduce these inefficiencies by between 38%and 62%.If we move beyond technologies to system strategies,such as combining buildings materials and passive technologies with efficient end uses,the savings can reach much higher,putting critical visions for decarbonisation such as net

121、zero buildings within grasp.The IEAs Net Zero Scenario estimates that investments in energy efficiency and demand-side measures(such as behaviour,fuel switching,and demand response)must quadruple by 2030.Achieving this will require countries to build on existing policy frameworks and experience,incl

122、uding with financing energy efficiency projects,to overcome barriers to energy efficiency and accelerate energy savings.It is important to learn from experiences both inside and outside of the region to identify strategies to scale energy efficiency.These might include bulk procurement,which has had

123、 success in driving down costs of efficient lighting in Mexico and lighting,air conditioning and other equipment and appliances in India.Appliance replacement programmes have helped many households,particularly low-income ones,to gain access to newer,more efficient appliances.Working with banks to e

124、nsure the supply of affordable loans and supporting private sector investments to complement government spending is key.Innovative business models are under development across the region,such as cooling as a service,and combining energy efficiency with solar PV for low-income households in Brazil.Bo

125、osting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|16 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Jobs of the present,careers of the future A jobs engine Energy efficiency is an important source of local jobs,with rapid near-term growth potential Around t

126、he world,energy efficiency is an important source of jobs.According to the IEAs World Energy Employment report,energy efficiency accounted for 10.9 million full-time-equivalent(FTE)jobs in 2019.In Latin America,direct energy efficiency jobs accounted for about 8%of energy sector jobs.In Central and

127、South America,33%of energy efficiency jobs are in the construction sector,and around 25%in manufacturing.Estimates of employment impacts tend to be measured in terms of full-time equivalence(FTE).This is helpful in generating absolute estimates;however,looking only at FTE as an indicator masks the i

128、mportance of energy efficient technologies and practices among many more workers and professions,because part-time employment is prevalent in the delivery of energy efficiency projects.For example,a bottom-up survey of Brazilian stakeholders found that while energy efficiency consultants spend 100%o

129、f their professional time working on energy efficiency,construction workers dedicate only about 9%of their working hours to energy efficiency activities.As this example illustrates,in addition to net job creation,it is important to look at the role of energy efficiency in the broader structure of ke

130、y sectors.Statistical information on job creation in energy efficiency is scarce.Most countries do not collect economy-wide data on the subject.Rather,national statistical agencies tend to collect data on key sectors such as manufacturing and construction which are delineated clearly by economic sec

131、tor classification systems,and where energy efficiency jobs are not broken out.Still,there is evidence of the employment benefits of energy efficiency from some specific programmes.For example,a recent survey conducted by the Inter-American Development Bank looked at job creation in emerging sectors

132、 such as electric mobility,digitalisation,hydrogen,storage,energy efficiency,and batteries.The survey covered three countries:Bolivia,Chile and Uruguay,and found that investing 1 million USD in these sectors can create up to 49 new jobs depending on the country more than the number of jobs created b

133、y traditional energy sector Boosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|17 I EA.CC BY 4.0.investment.Job creation differed significantly between countries,depending on national circumstances.Of the emerging sector fir

134、ms surveyed,energy efficiency accounted for 27%of activity in Chile,13%in Bolivia and 35%in Uruguay.While this is just a sample,it provides some insight into the role of energy efficiency in employment creation alongside other key emerging sectors in the energy transition.Another recent survey of gr

135、een building practices in Colombia found that most companies surveyed generated new jobs when incorporating sustainable practices,with the highest job creation in the manufacturing and supply of efficient materials and in financing.In Mexico,the household refrigerator replacement programme mentioned

136、 earlier is estimated to have created around 9 000 direct and 3 000 indirect jobs.Organisations including the IEA and International Labour Organization(ILO),academic researchers,and initiatives at national level such as in Brazil,have developed jobs multipliers based on available evidence to help de

137、termine the jobs creation potential of investment in energy efficiency.In its 2020 Sustainable Recovery report,the IEA estimated that globally,every million USD invested in energy efficiency generates significant jobs in key sectors including building construction,renovation,appliances and transport

138、ation.In the buildings sector,every million dollars invested in energy efficiency generates an estimated 10 to 31 jobs in manufacturing and construction for retrofitting existing buildings and implementing energy efficiency measures in new construction.Most construction jobs are local.Manufacturing

139、focuses on key materials,such as insulation,window glazing and heat pumps.For appliances,every million dollars invested would generate an estimated 7 to 16 jobs,mainly in supply chains and sales.Average jobs created globally per million dollars invested,buildings and appliances IEA.CC BY 4.0.Source:

140、IEA(2020),Sustainable Recovery(World Energy Outlook Special Report).10 20 30 40 50Jobs per million dollars AppliancesNew buildings RetrofitsEmploymentBoosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|18 I EA.CC BY 4.0.In th

141、e transport sector,many of the energy efficiency jobs are in the manufacture of electric vehicles,batteries and charging infrastructure.Expanding rail travel can create additional jobs and provides significant efficiency improvements compared to other modes of transport.Investments in urban infrastr

142、ucture to shift to walking and cycling are estimated to create between eight and 22 jobs per million dollars invested,making them a jobs engine in city centres.Average jobs created globally per million dollars invested,transport infrastructure IEA.CC BY 4.0.Source:IEA(2020),Sustainable Recovery(Worl

143、d Energy Outlook Special Report).Understanding the key sectors where energy efficiency is driving employment can help target policies,programmes and training initiatives to strengthen capacity and deliver energy efficient solutions.Construction is a particularly important sector,both as the largest

144、sector in which energy efficiency jobs are created and as a strategic source of local employment across Latin America.The sector accounts for about 7.4%of total employment across Latin America and the Caribbean.In some countries,this share is higher.In Mexico,for example,construction is the fourth b

145、iggest economic sector,accounting for 8.0%of GDP,and generating 13.9%of jobs in the country,behind only agriculture and commerce.Informal employment,which refers to forms of employment where there is no clear employer-employee relationship,is high in the construction sector.Around 60%of construction

146、 workers in Latin America are informal,with the number ranging from 36%in Chile to 72%in Argentina.In Mexico,the percentage of informal workers in the construction sector was 94.3%in 2022 well above the average 39%of informality in the broader labour market.This dynamic means 5 10 15 20 25Pedestrian

147、 andbike lanesCharginginfrastructureRailwayBattery cellmanufacturingICE carmanufacturingBattery electriccar manufact.Jobs per million dollarsBoosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|19 I EA.CC BY 4.0.that addressin

148、g energy efficiency and related jobs is important across both formal and informal construction in the region.A recent innovative project in Mexico demonstrates one way to address energy efficiency in both the formal and informal construction sectors through financing,training and empowering low-inco

149、me households to attain home ownership.The project was implemented by the Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers(INFONAVIT)and the National Housing Commission(CONAVI),together with the World Bank.It provided support in two areas:purchase and efficiency improvements of homes constructed f

150、ormally,and training and financing to help people build their own homes.Overall,the programme supported 28 864 households in purchasing or building their first home.The programme was part of a broader Covid-19 strategy to increase economic activity in key economic sectors such as construction and re

151、al estate.International green building practices and third-party labels and certifications are growing across the region,including LEED,EDGE,BREAM and VERDE.To add to these,some countries have established their own certifications.Chile has introduced the CES Seal,and Brazil the PBE Edifica Seal.As t

152、hese certifications grow in popularity,the number of specialised workers is increasing.Training is happening on many levels,including professional accreditation in internationally-recognised green building standards,national and regional programmes aimed at training builders and installers,and initi

153、atives to develop policy roadmaps to drive sustainable construction and renovation across the region.Career pathways Its not just todays jobs that matter.Countries around the region are setting national decarbonisation pathways and targets,often with strong emphasis on energy efficiency.This will cr

154、eate new demand for workers and call for new skillsets.According to the ILO,a decarbonisation scenario,which includes a strong energy efficiency component,has the potential to create 15 million new net jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2030.This would include creation of 58%more jobs in con

155、struction and 50%more in manufacturing by 2030 than in 2014 both sectors key to delivering energy savings.Investing in energy efficiency means investing in youth employment.Global youth employment declined by 34 million between 2019 and 2020,largely due to the Covid-19 crisis.In 2022,it was still ex

156、pected to remain one percentage point below 2019 levels.Overall,Latin America and the Caribbean saw a drop in working hours equivalent to 36 million full-time jobs due to the Covid-19 pandemic.The increase in demand for workers will not just be to multiply existing jobs;it will be for new skills acr

157、oss career pathways and for greater inclusion of historically underrepresented groups in the energy sector.For example,digital Boosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|20 I EA.CC BY 4.0.technologies can amplify sav

158、ings potentials in buildings,but require skills such as modelling to optimise building design,operating building management systems,smart lighting,and many other digitally-enabled demand-management solutions.The Inter-American Development Banks survey mentioned earlier has found a higher participati

159、on of women in emerging sectors,including energy efficiency,compared to traditional energy sector jobs.In addition to skills and inclusion,it is important for countries in the region,and globally,to focus on good-quality jobs.While the technologies and techniques exist today to expand energy efficie

160、ncy across buildings,industry and transport,innovation will be needed in policies,programmes,business models and finance to broaden their application.This is particularly true at the intersection of energy efficiency and demand-side flexibility.For example,electric vehicles,air conditioners and elec

161、tric heat pumps all present opportunities to improve energy efficiency,at the same time that they can add significant demand to the electricity system.This presents a challenge but also an opportunity to adjust consumption patterns both to reduce strain on the grid and to help integrate greater shar

162、es of variable renewable resources.Digital technologies provide a key opportunity in this area.One measure of progress and of job creation is the rate of venture capital investment in areas relating to digital innovation and efficiency.In 2021,venture capital investments more than tripled year-on-ye

163、ar to USD 3 billion.This increase was led by distributed energy resources(which include demand-side management)and grid management,demonstrating the interest of the finance community in these areas.With electricity demand climbing and variable renewable resources expanding,opportunities will continu

164、e to grow.Boosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|21 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Global venture capital investments in clean energy start-ups in the fields of efficiency and electrification,by technology,2015 H1 2022 IEA.CC BY

165、 4.0.Source:IEA(2022),Energy Efficiency 2022.There are many examples of training initiatives across the region to meet the growing demand for energy efficiency services.In Colombia the number of professionals accredited in a green building standard has increased significantly over the past few years

166、,with EDGE,LEAD and CASA certifications leading the pack.The government and Colombian Chamber of Construction(CAMACOL)have worked together to strengthen university curricula to train students in sustainable building practices.The Energy Efficiency in the Colombian Industry project(Proyecto de Eficie

167、ncia Energtica Industrial en Colombia),implemented from 2016 to 2019,aimed to boost the market for energy efficiency services and products.This project monitored 180 industries and trained more than 100 industry technicians,including 22 women,in seven regions of the country,bringing social and emplo

168、yment benefits to communities.Chile launched a capacity building programme to train energy managers and to support the implementation of energy efficiency measures in industrial sectors.From 2019 to 2021,the programme trained 476 energy managers and 390 registered energy consultants.Over the three y

169、ears,138 participating companies adopted an energy management system and another 637 undertook energy efficiency improvements.These efforts were a response to the finding that lack of trained personnel and insufficient knowledge to implement energy efficiency were key barriers to energy efficiency i

170、n industry.Boosting efficiency Jobs of the present,careers of the future Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|22 I EA.CC BY 4.0.In 2021,the National Electricity Conservation Programme,Procel,promoted training courses for public officials from municipal,state and federal l

171、evel in Brazil to disseminate knowledge about energy management,operational energy performance of public buildings,efficient technologies for public lighting and opportunities for energy efficiency in public sanitation.Five training courses were carried out with participation from nearly all Brazili

172、an states.These are in addition to other courses carried out in 2021 and 2022.The PotencializEE programme further provides training and certification to deliver energy efficiency in industrial facilities in Brazil.Energy efficinency offers a significant opportunity to grow jobs and careers.New skill

173、s will be needed to harness the full potential of digital technologies,data other innovations.As policymakers advance energy efficiency and demand management policies and programmes,it will be important to continue to build on existing programmes to ensure that the workforce is ready to deliver grea

174、ter savings,taking advantage of new and evolving opportunities.Boosting efficiency Conclusions and recommendations Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|23 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Conclusions and recommendations Capturing the value A proven track record of delivering value to peopl

175、e,governments and energy systems Energy efficiency and demand flexibility can play a key role in improving affordability and access to energy services,managing public budgets,strengthening energy security and generating jobs today and into the future.Evidence from well-structured policies and progra

176、mmes across Latin American demonstrate the kinds of benefits that can be achieved with thoughtful design and targeted objectives.Policies and programmes to save and manage energy consumption have a demonstrated track record of expanding affordable access to energy services and lowering bills for hou

177、seholds and businesses across Latin America.Investment in energy efficiency in public infrastructure and cities can deliver improved services and financial savings across sectors,including in buildings,transport,street lighting and water treatment.In crisis situations,targeted programmes and measure

178、s can reduce demand quickly and inexpensively relative to the cost of supply.Over the longer term,energy efficiency and demand-side flexibility are essential levers to incorporate and manage new loads such as air conditioning,electric vehicles and heat pumps,and to integrate variable renewable resou

179、rces.Energy efficiency is an important source of employment.Career opportunities will continue to grow as countries work to meet their climate,economic and social objectives.Digital technologies provide new opportunities to understand energy consumption patterns and to deliver and measure energy sav

180、ings and flexibility.New skills are being developed,but further skills building is needed to keep up with innovative opportunities.While there are many examples of successful delivery of these,and many other,benefits of energy efficiency and demand management,significant potential remains.Many effic

181、iency policies and programmes could be improved to more equitably benefit all people.Similarly,many areas traditionally focussed on energy sector regulation and markets could be improved to capture the benefits that efficiency and demand management can deliver.Boosting efficiency Conclusions and rec

182、ommendations Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|24 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Harnessing this capacity will require decisionmakers to build on existing policies and programmes while identifying additional pathways to expand and deepen the role of energy efficiency and demand-side f

183、lexibility in the energy transition.A key dimension of these efforts will be to ensure that historically marginalised and hard-to-reach populations benefit.In some cases,energy efficiency programmes will help enable access to critical energy services such as space cooling,clean cooking and refrigera

184、tion,rather than achieving net energy savings.It will be important to clearly define and track policy objectives in order to measure,communicate and improve on efforts over time.Recommendations to advance key benefits of energy efficiency 1.Reviewing and strengthening policy packages.Evidence from e

185、nergy efficiency and demand management policies and programmes across Latin America and globally demonstrate the value of policy packages to deliver improvements in energy efficiency and demand management.Leading jurisdictions have in place systems of regulations,information frameworks and incentive

186、s that work together and are underpinned by the necessary institutional support to track progress and improve on existing policies and programmes.It is important to review and build on these policy structures to accelerate and expand savings.It is also essential to consider introduction of new polic

187、ies such as those enabling demand response to advance demand flexibility.Digital technologies provide significant potential in this area,but require adjustments to market and regulatory frameworks to deliver robust demand-side flexibility.Boosting efficiency Conclusions and recommendations Deliverin

188、g affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|25 I EA.CC BY 4.0.A package of policies and implementation are needed to deliver energy efficiency IEA.CC BY 4.0.Source:IEA(2022),The value of urgent action on energy efficiency(Policy Toolkit).2.Designing policies to advance innovative solutio

189、ns.Energy consumption covers every aspect of daily life,from flipping a light switch,to manufacturing and powering electronic devices,and all the way to the heavy industrial processes that support construction of buildings and bridges.Innovation is occurring across these and other areas of energy us

190、e.Small innovations can make a big difference.To take one example,the introduction of LED lighting is driving enormous savings across the globe.Minimum energy performance standards and labelling programmes for appliances and equipment are helping to deliver these and other savings.Many other policie

191、s are driving innovation across the buildings,transport and industry sectors.At the same time,there are many innovations whose potential is not yet captured,and where policies can play an important enabling role.Digital technologies and the data and services that they can deliver are one such area.T

192、echnologies such as smart sensors and smart meters can help collect data on key end-uses such as air conditioning and electric vehicle charging,providing data on consumption levels and patterns,facilitating development of strategies to save and shift energy use to align with the availability of chea

193、p energy.This is an essential area of development for low-carbon energy systems and can help bolster responses to crisis situations.Capturing the value of these kinds of innovative developments requires a focus on policies that enable new ways of operating energy systems and new business models,as w

194、ell as building a skilled workforce that can deliver.In return,such policies can help meet energy transition goals more affordably and equitably.Boosting efficiency Conclusions and recommendations Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|26 I EA.CC BY 4.0.3.Strengthening eval

195、uation of policies and programmes.In the context of this report,the role of information deserves special mention.The evidence presented from various country policies and programmes relies on data collection and programme evaluation to demonstrate the savings generated including energy,bill,fuel and

196、public budget savings as well as employment creation.Yet many more programmes and policies exist for which data are not being collected,making it difficult to provide evidence on the benefits they are delivering and to identify opportunities for improvement.International methodologies exist to colle

197、ct and organise data,both through top-down analysis(such as through decomposition analysis)as well as bottom-up evaluation of programmes and policies.It is important to consider opportunities and strategies to strengthen the data collection process.Programmes and policies should have clearly defined

198、 objectives and indicators to track progress against goals.These might include energy and as well as non-energy related goals,such as those discussed in this paper.This will help strengthen the understanding of the role energy efficiency in advancing policy priorities and carve a path for structurin

199、g policy solutions into the future.Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|27 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Annex Policies and programmes mentioned in this report(by country)The following is a summary of examples referenced throughout the paper.It is not a compreh

200、ensive summary of policies or programmes,but rather a tool to navigate the policies,programmes and other sources of information cited in this paper.Sources are listed by country,and then in the order that they appear throughout this report,alongside the lead agency or actor responsible for the mater

201、ial,and key sectors covered.For a more complete overview of the policy framework for energy efficiency in the region,please see the IEAs Policies and Measures Database and publication by OLADE summarising energy efficiency laws in the region.Country/Reference Lead agency or actor Sectors Argentina W

202、eatherizers Without Borders WWB-Argentina Buildings Brazil Programme for Energy Efficiency(PEE)ANEEL Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Neoenergia-Programme for Energy Efficiency(PEE)AVSIBrasil&Neoenergia Buildings Guarulhos(SP):360-degree view on improving municipal energy efficiency Guarulhos

203、 Municipality&EDP So Paulo Buildings,Appliances,Water systems Widespread National Power Shortage:Brazil in Demand-Side Management in Chinas Restructured Power Industry GCE&ANEEL Energy security Use of Air Conditioning in the Brazilian Residential Sector:Perspectives and Contributions to Advances in

204、Energy Efficiency EPE Buildings,Appliances Energy generation and global load EPE Buildings,Energy security Decenial Plan for Energy Expansion 2029 EPE Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry PROCEL Awards in Electric Power.Efficient City.7th Edition Eletrobras Buildings,Appliances,Water systems 1st

205、solar energy cooperative in Favelas of Brazil RevoluSolar Buildings Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|28 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Country/Reference Lead agency or actor Sectors Potential jobs generated in the area of Energy Efficiency in Brazil from 201

206、8 to 2030 IEI&Mitsidi Buildings,Industry Demand Response Programme ANEEL Buildings,Energy security Atlas of Energy Efficiency Brazil 2021 EPE Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Procel Results(2003-2021)PROCEL Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Statistical Yearbook for Electricity EPE Brazi

207、lian Labelling Program(PBE)for commercial,service and public buildings and residential buildings(EDIFICA)Eletrobras-PROCEL Buildings Transforming Energy Efficiency Investments Program in Industry(PotencializEE)PotencializEE-SENAI-SP Industry Federal Government Procurement Portal Federal Government R

208、esults of the Voluntary Energy Consumption Reduction Program MME Buildings Chile Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2020 Ministry of Energy Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry,Mining,Clean cooking Fuel economy standards and zero-emission vehicle targets in Chile ICCT Transport National Energy Efficie

209、ncy Plan 2022-2026 Ministry of Energy Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Energy Efficiency Plan for the Industry and Mining Sector Ministry of Energy Industry,Mining First National Energy Efficiency Survey for Businesses Ministry of Energy Industry Sustainable Building Certification Ministry of

210、 Public Works Buildings Colombia Efficient Caribbean Program FENOGE Appliances Indicative Action Plan 2022 2030 for the development of the Program for the Rational and Efficient Use of Energy,PROURE Ministry of Mines and Energy Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry,Mining Programme for Three-Phase

211、 Induction Motors Squirrel Cage Rotor Ministry of Mines and Energy Appliances State of Sustainable Construction in Colombia CCCS Buildings Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|29 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Country/Reference Lead agency or actor Sectors Energ

212、y Efficiency in Industry Presentation of Results UPME Industry Mexico Energy Consumption Decomposition Tool CONUEE Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Replacement Programme Home Appliance Equipment(PSEE)FIDE Appliances Federal Public Administration Programme CONUEE Buildings,Transport Energy ser

213、vices,energy poverty and energy efficiency:a perspective from Mexico CONUEE Buildings,Appliances National Project for Energy Efficiency in Public Municipal Lighting CONUEE Appliances National Programme for the Sustainable Use of Energy 2014-2018.Progress and Results 2016 CONUEE Buildings,Transport,A

214、ppliances,Industry The electricity saving program in buildings of the federal public administration:A recount(1993-2019)CONUEE Buildings,Transport National Report on Monitoring Energy Efficiency in Mexico(2018)CONUEE Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry,Energy security Efficient Lighting and Appl

215、iances Project FIDE Appliances Current Situation and Construction Industry in Mexico Outlook CMIC Buildings Construction Support Workers Data Mexico Buildings Efficient lighting and appliances project:implementation completion and results report World Bank Group Appliances Local Climate Action Strat

216、egy 2021-2050 and Climate Action Programme of Mexico City 2021-2030 SEDEMA-CDMX Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Energy Efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises NAMA Facility Industry Uruguay Basket of Services Programme Ministry of Industry,Energy and Mining(MIEM)Buildings,Appliances Natio

217、nal Energy Efficiency Monitoring Report of the Republic of Uruguay MIEM Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry First Annual Report on Electric Buses MIEM Transport Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|30 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Country/Reference Lead age

218、ncy or actor Sectors Regional How do households consume energy in Latin America and the Caribbean?IDB Buildings Economic impacts of the war in Ukraine on Latin America and the Caribbean UNDP Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean:a long and bumpy road ahead World Bank The main challenges in ener

219、gy efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean IDB Buildings,Appliances Efficient refrigeration equipment in Latin America and the Caribbean:An opportunity to cool the planet and accelerate the regional economy UNEP Appliances No diesel,no gas:Latin American cities prefer electric buses for big sa

220、vings C40 Transport Climate Impacts on Latin American Hydropower IEA Energy Security Labour Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean:Patterns and Trends from Household Survey Microdata UNLP Jobs in a net-zero emissions future in Latin America and the Caribbean ILO&IDB Buildings,Appliances,Indu

221、stry,Mining EELA:Energy Efficiency in Brick Kilns in Latin America BEAM&Swisscontact Buildings Energy Efficiency Laws in Latin America and the Caribbean OLADE Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry,Mining Implications of the Energy Transition on Employment:Todays Results,Tomorrows Needs IDB Global

222、IEA Energy Efficiency Indicator Highlights IEA Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Empowering Cities for a Net Zero Future IEA Buildings,Transport C40 Net Zero Carbon Buildings Declaration:How cities are delivering low carbon and energy efficient buildings C40 Buildings The Future of Cooling IEA

223、 Buildings,Appliances World Energy Outlook 2022 IEA Super-efficient AC Programme in India EESL Appliances Cooling as a Service(CAAS)BASE Appliances World Energy Employment IEA 2020 Sustainable Recovery IEA Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|31

224、I EA.CC BY 4.0.Country/Reference Lead agency or actor Sectors Greening with jobs World Employment and Social Outlook 2018 ILO World Employment and Social Outlook Trends 2021 ILO Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022 ILO Policies and Measures Database IEA Energy Efficiency in Electric Motors WEG Ap

225、pliances Energy Efficiency Indicators:Essentials for Policy Making IEA Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Demand-side data and energy efficiency indicators IEA Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Skills Development and Inclusivity for Clean Energy Transitions IEA Buildings,Transport,Applian

226、ces,Industry The potential of digital business models in the new energy economy IEA Buildings,Transport,Appliances,Industry Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs in Latin America PAGE|32 I EA.CC BY 4.0.List of abbreviations AC Air Conditioner ANEEL National Electricity

227、 Regulatory Agency BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology BRL Brazilian Real CAMACOL Colombian Chamber of Construction CCCS Colombian Sustainable Green Building Council CES Sustianble Building Certification CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp CMIC Mexican Chamber of Con

228、struction Industry CNG Compressed Natural Gas CONAVI National Housing Commission CONUEE National Commision for the Efficient Use of Energy EDGE Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies EDIFICA Brazilian Labelling Programme for commercial,service and public buildings and residential buildings EE

229、LA Energy Efficiency in Brick Kilns in Latin America EESL Energy Efficiency Services Limited EPE Energy Research Office FENOGE Fund for Non-conventional Energy Efficiency FIDE Trust Fund of Energy Saving FTE Full-time-equivalent GCE Electricity Crisis Management Chamber GDP Gross Domestic Product GH

230、G Greenhouse Gas ICCT International Council on Clean Transportation IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDP Regional Electricity Distribution Company IEI International Energy Initiative ILO International Labour Organisation INFONAVIT Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers IPT Technologic

231、al Research Institute LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design MIEM Ministry of Industry,Energy and Mining of Uruguay MME Ministry of Mines and Energy of Brazil MXN Mexican Peso NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NOM Mexican Minimum Energy Performance Standard OLADE Latin American Energy Or

232、ganisation PBE Brazilian Labelling Programme PEE Brazilian Programme for Energy Efficiency PotencializEE Transforming Energy Efficiency Investments Programme in Industry PROCEL National Energy Conservation Programme PV Photovoltaic Boosting efficiency Annex Delivering affordability,security and jobs

233、 in Latin America PAGE|33 I EA.CC BY 4.0.RVD Voluntary Electricty Demand Reduction SEDEMA Ministry of Environment of Mexico City SENER Ministry of Energy of Mexico UNAM National Autonomus University of Mexico UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme UNLP National University of La Plata UPME Mine-

234、Energy Planing Unit of Colombia WWB Weatherizers Without Borders International Energy Agency(IEA).This work reflects the views of the IEA Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect those of the IEAs individual Member countries or of any particular funder or collaborator.The work does not constitut

235、e professional advice on any specific issue or situation.The IEA makes no representation or warranty,express or implied,in respect of the works contents(including its completeness or accuracy)and shall not be responsible for any use of,or reliance on,the work.For further information,please contact:e

236、nergy.efficiencyiea.org Subject to the IEAs Notice for CC-licenced Content,this work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of in

237、ternational frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Unless otherwise indicated,all material presented in figures and tables is derived from IEA data and analysis.IEA Publications International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.org Contact information:www.iea.org/contact Typeset in France by IEA-March 2023Cover design:IEAPhoto credits:Shutterstock