1、ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0WHITE PAPER V9.02023.03Executive SummaryThe development of information technology is a process of continuous emergence and integration of new technologies.The 5G era has completed the integration of information and communication technology(ICT).In the trend of evolution

2、 to 6G,ICT is further integrated with big Data,artificial intelligence,and system Operation technology,presenting the characteristics of ICDT(Information,Communication,big Data Technology)integration.ICDT integrated 6G is an end-to-end information processing and service system.It is a mobile informa

3、tion network with strong connectivity,strong computing power,strong intelligence,and strong security.A large number of new technologies and new functions have become candidates for 6G design,and the performance of the scheme has been verified at different levels such as theory,simulation and prototy

4、pe.This white paper attempts to classify and integrate 6G potential technologies and solutions from a system perspective,and gives technical system suggestions.According to functional characteristics,6G technology can be roughly divided into four directions:wireless communication,wireless network,fu

5、nctional architecture and system operation.Among them,wireless communication aims to improve the point-to-point transmission performance,wireless network aims to achieve the capabilities of multi-band networking,enhanced coverage,network sensing,lean network and the full life-cycle information proce

6、ss through platform-based,structured,service-oriented and biochemical design.The goal of system networking is to achieve self-growth,self-optimization and self-evolution of network operation capabilities,and improve energy and resource efficiency.In terms of wireless communication and networking,the

7、 integrated sensing and communication,reconfigurable intelligent surface and intelligent interference coordination have attracted much attention,and are also the key directions of 5G enhancement.At present,these technologies have completed the design of technical solutions and prototype solutions,an

8、d are undergoing field testing.In terms of network architecture and functions,lean network,intelligent native network,service-based wireless network,mobile computing network,digital twin network,intelligent network management,and semantic communication have become the research focus.Based-01-on entr

9、opy reduction network theory and cloud pooling of basic resources,the integration of communication,computing,AI,service and other elements can be realized in a service-based and software-defined way.ICDT integrated 6G will further extend to the cross-border integration of new sensing,new terminals,n

10、ew computing,new security,new low-carbon,new materials,new bionics,new networking,new facilities and new paradigms,bringing more innovative paths to 6G.Among them,quantum computing with its advantages of parallel computing will bring subversive opportunities to 6G networks.For the better development

11、 of 6G,this paper proposes to strengthen the research and verification of system design,as well as the individual technological innovation.We should not only pay attention to the ultimate performance,but also take flexibility,simplicity,green and security as the premise.While actively promoting 6G,w

12、e should pay attention to cooperation with 5G.-02-Preface ICDT-integrated 6G Technology SystemOverall Technology System View Wireless Communication Technology ClusterRadio Access Network(RAN)ClusterFunction and Architecture Technology ClusterSystem Networking Technology ClusterICDT-integrated Wirele

13、ss Communication and NetworkingISAC TechnologyBasic ConceptsKey TechnologiesCollaborative Reflection Nodes(RIS)Basic ConceptsKey TechnologiesTechnical ChallengesIntelligent Autonomous Interference CoordinationTechnical OverviewTechnical AdviceICDT-integrated Architecture and FunctionFlexible Simple

14、NetworkBasic ConceptsTechnical ChallengesTechnical AdviceIntelligent Endogenous NetworkBasic ConceptsKey TechnologiesTechnical ChallengesService Wireless NetworkBasic ConceptsKey Technologies Executive Summary 1 22.1 2.22.32.42.533.13.1.13.1.23.23.2.13.2.23.2.33.33.3.13.3.244.14.1.14.1.24.1.34.24.2.

15、14.2.24.2.34.34.3.14.3.2 01 03040405050506060606060808080936171717ContentsTechnical ChallengesWireless Computing NetworkBasic ConceptsArchitecture DesignersKey TechnologiesDT NetworkBasic ConceptsArchitecture DesignersTechnical ChallengesSemantic CommunicationBasic ConceptsKey

16、TechnologiesTechnical ChallengesICDT-integrated Technology TrendsCross-border Integration Technology TrendsQuantum Computing and ApplicationsConclusion4.3.3 4.4 4.4.14.4.24.4.34.54.5.14.5.24.5.34.64.6.14.6.24.6.355.15.25.5.1 Acknowledgement 18 1818 19 20 21 21 21 232424252727272930311.PrefaceInforma

17、tion technology is constantly changing.The 6G technology integrating information technology,communication technology,artificial intelligence(AI),big data technology,system control technology,and digital twin technology is developing constantly.At the Global 6G Conference in November 2020,the ICDT-in

18、tegrated 6G Network white paper 1.0 was officially released,regarding 6G as an end-to-end information processing and service system.Its core function is expanded from information transmission to information collection,information computing,and information application,providing more powerful endogeno

19、us capabilities in multiple dimensions,including communication,computing,sensing,intelligence,and security.The ICDT-integrated 6G Network white paper 2.0 was released at the Global 6G Conference held in March 2022.Based on version 1.0,this version focuses on the network capability,architecture,air i

20、nterface,terminal,and industry that integrate sensing,communication,and computing,while proposing a new 6G solution.Over the past year,the connotation and positioning of 6G have been continuously extended.The trend is the integration of data,operation,information,and communication technology(ICDT),w

21、hile the characteristics of the four strong capabilities,that is,strong connection,strong computing power,strong intelligence,and strong security,have become more prominent.Now,the focus of 6G technology development is moving from multi-point technology to key technology.The system solution design a

22、nd prototype verification have become key work,and the IMT-2030 working group has started indoor and outdoor testing of key technology prototypes.At the same time,the industry has begun to standardize some quasi-6G technologies in 3GPP 5G-A.China Mobile and Huawei take the lead in launching 6GANA(a

23、global platform for network intelligent communication).They advocate unified global 6G standards,covering more than 31 units of industry,academia,and research,with a proposal for many solutions at the intelligent network architecture level.Based on the latest 6G progress,the 6G working group of the

24、FuTURE MOBILE COMMUNICATION FORUM(FuTRUE Forum)takes the lead in completing the ICDT-integrated 6G Network white paper 3.0.This white paper mainly introduces the ICDT-integrated 6G technology system,wireless communication and networking,as well as architecture and function,with a brief discussion on

25、 the ICDT-integrated technical trend,and 6G development proposals.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-03-2.ICDT-integrated 6G Technology System2.1 Overall Technology System ViewIn the overall vision of 6G technology,regarding 6G system design,6G new technologies can be classified into four directions:wir

26、eless communication,radio access network(RAN),function and architecture,and system networking according to their functional characteristics and positioning.Of the four,wireless communication is positioned in point-to-point communication,with the goal to improve spectral efficiency,peak rate,and the

27、number of access users.The radio access network(RAN)is positioned in multipoint-to-multipoint networking,with the goal to support multi-band,multi-standard,expanded micro-domain,blind area coverage capabilities,and network awareness capabilities.The function and architecture are positioned in the th

28、eoretical system of information and communication network architecture.Such technical means as platformization,structuring,servitization,and endogenous design are used to simplify the network and reduce the structural entropy,as well as to realize smooth intergenerational evolution and forward-backw

29、ard bidirectional compatibility with 5G.6G is designed for all scenarios,integrates all elements,and realizes the connection of resources and capabilities in all fields,and the whole process service of information flow.The system networking is positioned to penetrate the physical and digital spaces,

30、and realize self-growth,self-optimization,and self-evolution at the system level.With a transition to centralized+distributed collaboration,it expands on demand,supports the plug-and-play function,and realizes flexible network organization.The end-to-end system saves energy and improves energy and r

31、esource utilization.The service network integration realizes the internalization of capabilities and the symbiosis of openness.Figure 1 6G Technology SystemICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-04-2.2 Wireless Communication Technology ClusterWireless communication focuses on solving the systematic integrat

32、ion of new spectrum and new antenna technologies.The key technologies include two technology clusters of large-scale intelligent wireless transmission and ultra-high frequency communication.The former uses Ultra Massive MIMO,virtual MIMO,new multiple access,collaborative passive nodes(such as reconf

33、igurable intelligent surface(RIS)and air interface(AI)as technical components to build an intelligent multi-antenna air interface solution.The latter is mainly based on visible light communication and terahertz communication,providing ultra-high rate transmission solutions,with a peak rate target of

34、 at least 100 Gbps.2.3 Radio Access Network(RAN)ClusterThe radio access network(RAN)focuses on solving multi-technology,multi-band,multi-functional wireless networking,and coverage issues.The focus includes two technology clusters of multidimensional heterogeneous networking and network collaborativ

35、e communication sensing technology.The former includes multi-band networking,such as low and medium frequency bands,millimeter waves(mmWaves),terahertz,and visible light,ground and satellite networking,multi-standard networking such as 5G/6G short-distance communication,cellular networks and non-cel

36、lular integrated networks,and micro-domain communication(micro coverage)and other technologies.The latter includes multi-dimensional interference coordination management,distributed MIMO,network collaborative sensing,and other technologies.2.4 Function and Architecture Technology Cluster6G function

37、and architecture focus on solving the design problems of 6G overall architecture and endogenous functions,including two technology clusters of the platform service network and the all-element integrated network.The former includes entropy reduction network theory,full-service network(service-oriente

38、d core network and access network),flexible simple network and other technologies,while the latter includes endogenous AI network,endogenous security network,mobile computing network,and 6G-oriented space-air-ground integrated network.A variety of functional integration designs form functional coupl

39、ing,creating difficulty in system architecture design.Based on cloud-based pooled basic resources,it is feasible to design in a service-oriented and software-defined function manner.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-05-2.5 System Networking Technology ClusterThe system networking focuses on solving end

40、-to-end network operation problems,including network management,service management,operation and maintenance,and capability opening.Key technologies include two technology clusters of the global autonomous network and energy-efficient operation and maintenance.The former includes technical component

41、s such as network intelligence,digital twin networks,and distributed autonomous networks.The latter includes technologies such as technology for information energy integration,service network integration(such as semantic communication),network management and orchestration,and capability opening.3.IC

42、DT-integrated Wireless Communication and Networking3.1 ISAC Technology3.1.1 Basic ConceptsIn the future,the 6G network will have the basic ability to perceive the physical world anytime and anywhere.It aims to realize integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)through the design of spectrum resource

43、sharing,integrated air interface,and hardware architecture,support the network to have communication and sensing capabilities,and improve spectrum and hardware resource utilization.Among them,networked collaborative ISAC utilizes distributed nodes deployed on a large scale in the network to promote

44、the deep integration of communication and sense through multi-point collaboration and information interaction.3.1.2 Key Technologies1)Air Interface Integrated TechnologyIntegrated waveform design:The joint design of the new ISAC waveforms needs to consider the compromise between communication and se

45、nsing performance,and reduce the complexity of hardware adaptation as much as possible.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-06-Frame structure design:According to service priority and service volume requirements,the symbol type can be flexibly configured,and at the same time meet the needs of sensing-assi

46、sted communication and communication-assisted sensing service scenarios.Reference signal design:Single-node sensing can multiplex data signals,while network collaborative sensing needs to design reference signals with lower PAPR,and further design flexible signal mapping methods to meet various sens

47、ing needs.Beamforming and beam management:Beamforming can achieve directional transmission and accurate sensing of the target,but the beam scanning process of sensing is expensive.Therefore,a reasonable beam management method can optimize the performance of the integrated system.2)Network Integratio

48、n TechnologyMulti-frequency point coordination:It comprehensively considers the fading characteristics,communication capabilities,and sensing capabilities of low,medium,and high frequency bands,and builds a full-spectrum fusion communication and sensing network that complements and enhances each fre

49、quency band to achieve wide-coverage detection and micro-accurate sensing.Synchronization between nodes:In a collaborative communication and sensing network,the error introduced by the asynchronous transmitting and receiving nodes cannot be ignored.It is necessary to design a system solution to redu

50、ce or avoid synchronization errors from the perspective of system performance and complexity.Networking interference coordination:Networked collaborative ISAC disrupts traditional co-frequency deployment and additionally introduces cross-link interference.From the perspective of network resource con

51、figuration and coordination scheduling,the timeslot configuration method of each cooperative node can be optimized.Joint processing of signals:Joint processing of multi-node information can obtain joint processing gain,while considering the influence of frequency band,bandwidth and transmission powe

52、r on the sensing accuracy and range,and also taking into account the requirements of system communication traffic.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-07-3)Hardware Architecture DesignFor single-node sensing,the transmitter can realize hardware integration through air interface joint design,but the simult

53、aneous transmit-receive mode will introduce self-interference,and it needs to rely on full-duplex capability.However,the full duplexer is still in the research stage.In the future,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the maturity of the full-duplex technology for hardware architecture design.

54、3.2 Collaborative Reflection Nodes(RIS)3.2.1 Basic ConceptsThe RIS is an adjustable device array composed of hundreds or thousands of device units,and the working state of each device unit is dynamically or semi-statically controlled by a digitally programmable control module to realize the differen

55、t response modes of the wireless signal.In this way,it realizes the reshaping of the electromagnetic wave propagation environment.The RIS has the advantages of low power consumption,low cost,low thermal noise,and full duplex.The surface,deployed on the surface of objects in wireless transmission env

56、ironments,reconstructs traditional uncontrollable wireless channels into intelligent programmable wireless environments,and introduces a new paradigm of future wireless communications.The RIS can be used as reflection nodes in mobile communication networks,and base stations are required to cooperate

57、 and interact with them according to factors such as channel state,communication goals,and scheduling requests,then improving network performance,such as coverage enhancement and capacity improvement.Therefore,the RIS in the above application scenario is turned into collaborative reflection nodes.3.

58、2.2 Key TechnologiesIn system solutions,the communication system architecture with collaborative reflection nodes includes a new node and two new links.For this new node,that is,the collaborative reflection node,it is necessary to define network element capabilities,beamforming methods,and the like.

59、Network element capabilities include the type of electromagnetic wave regulation(reflection or transmission),the time required for regulation,and array arrangement.The specific implementation of beamforming ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-08-will affect the design of control and transmission solution

60、s,as well as the design of codebooks.For example,beamforming based on channel information needs to redesign the CSI acquisition method,and the method based on beam scanning requires indexing a large number of additional beams introduced by RIS.For the two new links,one is the control link from the b

61、ase station to the RIS,the interface protocol needs to be further designed,and the wireless control interface is conducive to the RIS flexible deployment;the other is the data and signaling transmission link between the base station and the terminal through the RIS.The link is divided into the incid

62、ent link and the reflective link.It is necessary to further consider the impact of the RIS introduction on the existing air interface protocol,and redesign the transmission solution,such as a random access process,beam management process,and channel state information acquisition process.As for chann

63、el models,RIS has a large number of unit structures,and additional near-field propagation models need to be considered,but the near-field models are more complex and changeable,making modeling and measurement more difficult.At present,only some research institutions have carried out preliminary rese

64、arch on the RIS channel model,and further modeling and measurement results in the actual transmission environment are needed.As for network deployment,as the current RIS does not have the filtering capability for specific frequency points,it is necessary to evaluate and study the co-channel and adja

65、cent-channel interference issues,as well as interference coordination among operators and networking deployment issues.It is necessary to study the RIS network topology and deployment solutions in the wireless homogeneous or heterogeneous network.It is necessary to study the collaboration issues amo

66、ng multiple RISs in the same/different cells in the network environment.As for hardware characteristics and structural design,through electromagnetic simulation research,it is found that the single-polarization RIS only responds to incoming waves in one polarization direction,and mirrors incoming wa

67、ves in other polarization directions.Based on this problem,the structural design of dual-polarization RIS can be investigated.3.2.3 Technical ChallengesAt present,intelligent reflecting surfaces are still facing severe challenges in three aspects:hardware implementation and engineering deployment,th

68、eory and solution design,control solution and network architecture.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-09-1)Hardware implementation and engineering deployment.The hardware implementation and engineering deployment of RIS are restricted by factors such as scale,price,and deployment difficulty.In terms of

69、hardware implementation,the maturity of RIS materials and devices is not high,yet with a high cost.The performance of adjustable devices is difficult to meet the control requirements,and the structural design needs to be optimized.Restricted to the control speed of adjustable devices,the current hig

70、h-frequency RIS relay has not yet realized dynamic regulation.RIS operates with a limited bandwidth,energy conversion efficiency is low,and it is difficult to support long-distance coverage and large-bandwidth transmission.In terms of engineering deployment,the larger size of the RIS panel makes it

71、necessary to communicate with the property management company and owners and entails great wind resistance.The power feeding requirement of RIS will limit its deployment and may be faced with weak-current interference.2)Theory and solution design.The transmission solution design of RIS systems lacks

72、 strong theoretical support as reliable,complete transmission theoretical basis,channel models,and system models are yet to be developed.The existing air interface transmission solutions are highly complex and costly and have limited feasibility.Therefore,a complete,trustworthy evaluation system tak

73、ing non-ideal factors into account should be established for actual system performance.Further,channel estimation,joint beamforming,and other realizable basic air interface transmission solutions are to be designed based on the compromise between performance and complexity.In addition,further resear

74、ch is required as to whether the RIS can support sub-band dispatching solutions and whether the phase tuning of high and low-frequency arrays is faster enough.3)Control scheme and network architecture.The control method of RIS has an important influence on the design of network architecture,power co

75、nsumption,and deployment.A compromise between power consumption and network complexity should be considered for truly passive/semi-passive and dynamic control.In terms of networking,further assessment and investigation are warranted as to whether the RIS can obtain performance gain in multi-bandwidt

76、h,multi-system communication mode and how the transmission solution should be designed.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-10-3.3 Intelligent Autonomous Interference Coordination3.3.1 Technical OverviewInterference management technology is always the key technology to ensure the quality of wireless commu

77、nication.4G-oriented technologies include ICIC,eICIC technology,network coding,interference migration,multi-point coordinated transmission and other interference management technologies.5G-oriented ones include interference alignment,interference cancellation,interference randomization,and other int

78、elligent anti-jamming technologies.Network interference optimization methods have evolved from traditional model-driven optimization such as mathematical modeling optimization to current data-driven optimization based on AI algorithms such as reinforcement learning.Facing new service requirements of

79、 the future 6G ultra-large-scale user access,network architecture and ultra-high bandwidth of ultra-density heterogeneous networks,ultra-low latency,and ultra-high reliability,together with the 6G network evolution characterized by endogenous AI and ISAC,it is urgent to study new AI-based network in

80、terference management technologies and corresponding optimization methods to problems,and establish and optimize interference intelligent management decision-making driven by both data and models.It is of great importance to achieve further interference suppression in 6G complex networks and meet th

81、e new QoS requirements of 6G networks.3.3.2 Technical Advice1)Research on intelligent matching adaptive unified interference management theory.The current research on network interference management is mostly aimed at the optimization of single interference management under different network structu

82、res and different communication technologies.Although by analyzing the interference characteristics of multiple dimensions in different scenarios,a variety of models or data-driven interference management methods have been proposed,there is still little research on intelligent adaptive optimal selec

83、tion of interference management methods for increasingly complex and diverse network scenarios.Therefore,facing the characteristics of 6G new large-scale heterogeneous access networks,high-precision modeling of network scenarios based on stochastic geometry theory can be carried out.Network multi-di

84、mensional parameters and interference environment sensing can be performed based on network collaborative sensing technology.Data fusion and feature extraction algorithms can be used to ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-11-obtain the distribution of interference in space and the structural characterist

85、ics of interference,and then map such information into the state characteristics of interference.The studied module of intelligent matching unified interference management decision-making includes the resource library of interference management mechanisms and interference management action strategie

86、s.The resource library of interference management mechanisms includes available interference management methods.According to the state characteristics of the interference,based on the applicable interference management methods,an integrated interference management action strategy is generated throug

87、h an intelligent algorithm,and it predicts the network performance after adopting the action strategy.The interference decision-making module adjusts the interference management strategy through a self-learning algorithm according to the difference between the current network performance and the pre

88、dicted network performance and the state of the network and interference,realizing the adaptive and unified interference management that intelligently matches the characteristics of the network interference state.2)Swarm intelligence interference optimization for AI-integrated large-scale user colla

89、borative access network architecture.There are also weaknesses in the current interference management method based on the complementary advantages of data and models.Therefore,to make a breakthrough in the traditional model or the interference management method driven by single data,comprehensively

90、utilize the database of the online wireless interference environment and the wireless interference database actually collected by the offline prototype system,together with the highly heterogeneous 6G network characteristics to meet large-scale user access,based on Knowledge map technology,it establ

91、ishes the correlation and restriction relationship model of network multi-dimensional parameters and network interference level,and establishes the correlation and restriction mechanism between multi-dimensional network resources such as signal space,time-frequency resources,and spatial distribution

92、 of network nodes and network interference state characteristics,excavate the multi-dimensional interference characteristics under complex networks,and propose a multi-agent learning algorithm combined with models to realize swarm intelligence interference optimization for AI-integrated large-scale

93、user collaborative access network architectures.3)Autonomous interference avoidance transmission based on interference depression/hole sensing.Through the collection of relevant air interface parameters of the base station and UE,it constructs the large-scale three-dimensional spatial interference d

94、istribution characteristics of the time-frequency space domain and the wireless fingerprint map based on the virtual grid.The established ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-12-wireless fingerprint map is used to characterize the wireless interference environment,and intelligently sense the UE interferen

95、ce situation.Interference detection can first obtain the service state data of the base station.It can construct a wireless fingerprint map based on a virtual grid for the parameters of each layer of the protocol stack in the base station and the user,such as frequency occupancy,load overhead,traffi

96、c load,neighboring cell transmission power,and radio frequency fingerprints.According to the wireless fingerprint map,it builds an AI model and counts interference parameters to realize near-real-time interference detection in a second level for users.Then,it locates interference sources based on th

97、e virtual grid,and finally,uses the results of interference detection and interference source location to optimize base station configuration,and achieve interference avoidance transmission based on interference depression/hole sensing.4.ICDT-integrated Architecture and Function4.1 Flexible Simple N

98、etwork4.1.1 Basic ConceptsFlexibility means that the network provides flexible and on-demand functions and services to meet customized industry needs.Simplicity means designing a unified network architecture and protocol framework to break the constraints in the network.The combination of flexibilit

99、y and simplicity builds a 6G network that deeply integrates networks and services.The design of a flexible simple network includes user-oriented,service-oriented and O&M-oriented dimensions.User-oriented flexibility and simplicity.In the 6G network,the heterogeneous and dense hybrid networking of si

100、tes with multi-layer irregular coverage replaces the traditional single-layer and single-base station networking,creating dense access points,various types,and flexible access methods.As the non-cellular network becomes a trend,the network-centric management and control methods of the traditional ce

101、llular architecture are no longer applicable.User-oriented simplicity has become an important research direction.Service-oriented flexibility and simplicity.The future 6G era will put forward more optimum requirements for network service quality assurance,such as how to achieve on-demand services to

102、 improve service adaptability.QoS guarantees that combine air interface capabilities with service ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-13-requirements are the core issues of wireless-side QoS guarantees.O&M-oriented flexibility and simplicity.Due to ubiquitous connections,massive information processing,va

103、rious access technologies,and complex network topologies,network O&M is becoming increasingly difficult.O&M personnel need to face greater parameters,which will seriously affect O&M complexity.How to simplify complex O&M issues and improve O&M efficiency is an important issue in a flexible simple ne

104、twork.4.1.2 Technical ChallengesThe core issue that needs to be considered in a flexible simple network is the balance between flexibility and simplicity.With the increasing business requirements,the network design needs to be more and more flexible.However,flexibility and network complexity are two

105、 indicators that affect each other.Excessive flexibility is usually at the cost of greater network complexity.The main challenge faced by a flexible simple network is how to build a unified technical system that improves the network flexibility without much increase in the internal complexity of the

106、 network.4.1.3 Technical AdviceUser-oriented flexible simple network:The user-side experience should be simpler and more flexible.In network design,it is necessary to simplify the relationship between network elements and unify the architecture design,reduce the length and number of signaling paths

107、through multi-level control,and realize the unified scheduling of multiple air interfaces through MAC-enhanced design.Business-oriented flexible simple network:6G network needs to solve the contradiction between the existing design ideas of three scenarios and more diverse and multi-dimensional busi

108、ness requirements.Business characteristics are internalized into the wireless QoS system.Business adaptability is improved with on-demand services.Network capabilities are adjusted according to the network state.Hence,it can adapt to new requirements and scenarios quickly,and improve resource utiliz

109、ation.A flexible simple network of operation and maintenance:6G networks must follow the principle of consistent network capabilities and requirements.The adoption of a plug-and-play method ensures flexible expansion of the network on demand.With smooth compatibility from 5G to 6G,it realizes the ne

110、twork construction promotes the use,the network is under use while constructed,and the needs promote construction.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-14-4.2 Intelligent Endogenous Network4.2.1 Basic Concepts6G network endogenous AI is a complete operating environment that provides the full life cycle of

111、AI workflows,such as data collection,data preprocessing,model training,model reasoning,and model evaluation within the 6G network architecture.Computing power,data,algorithms,connections and network functions,protocols,and processes required for AI services are deeply integrated and designed to supp

112、ort the on-demand orchestration of AI capabilities to wireless,transmission,bearer,and core.Self-design,self-implement,self-optimization,and self-evolution through the sensing of user and network element needs can be realized.In this way,it can provide the basic capabilities required for intelligenc

113、e for high-level network autonomy and diversified business requirements.On the other hand,the 6G intelligent endogenous network can embed security capabilities in every link to detect threats independently and realize independent defense.At the same time,network intelligence can also provide intelli

114、gent service capabilities.In short,the design concept of the 6G intelligent endogenous network is that with the native capabilities of the network to support intelligent services,intelligence is reflected in many aspects,such as deployment,operation,and maintenance,becoming an endogenous feature of

115、the network.4.2.2 Key TechnologiesThe 6G network will support endogenous intelligence,requiring the mobile communication network to be a transmission channel and an intelligent platform with both connection and computing capabilities.This relies on the integrated collaboration of communication,compu

116、ting power,data,and storage,and the joint deployment of multi-dimensional resources,deeply integrating the multi-dimensional resources required by intelligent services with network functions,protocols,and processes.Considering the centralized and distributed hybrid characteristics of multi-dimension

117、al heterogeneous resources between cloud computing nodes and distributed network element nodes and the differentiated performance requirements of intelligent services,the efficient and flexible collaboration mode of resources between heterogeneous network element nodes is researched to ensure the qu

118、ality of intelligent services.At the same time,traditional QoS indicators,such as the delay,throughput,and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)used in live network deployment,are difficult to accurately characterize the quality of intelligent services in 6G networks.It is necessary to research ICDT Integrated

119、 6G Network 3.0-15-the modeling characterization and performance evaluation scheme for QoAIS with comprehensive consideration given to the different requirements of intelligent services for communication,computing,data,and storage resources.The 6G network will add new data planes,intelligent planes,

120、and computing planes,and generate control planes and user planes with greatly expanded dimensions.Among them,the intelligent plane provides the complete operating environment required for the full life cycle of endogenous AI,invokes the services provided by the data plane and computing plane,and pro

121、vides intelligent services for other layers and planes.The intelligent plane architecture has the following technical features:first,the self-generation and import of AI use cases;second,the generation of QoAIS and one AI service corresponds to a set of QoAIS;third,the full life cycle of AI workflow

122、 is carried inside the network;fourth,the collaboration among the management plane,the control plane,and the user plane ensures the continuous achievement of QoAIS;fifth,the combination of AI centralized and distributed architectures takes into account the performance requirements of various intelli

123、gent application scenarios.4.2.3 Technical ChallengesIn the future 6G network,multi-dimensional resources are widely distributed in a large number of heterogeneous network element nodes in the space-air-ground environment.A challenge is how to study the orchestration management scheme for the uneven

124、 distribution of multi-dimensional resources.In addition,intelligent services in different industries and scenarios have different demands on 6G networks.Some QoAIS indicators have no mature quantitative evaluation methods.It is a challenge to propose indicators that can accurately describe the diff

125、erentiated needs of personalized intelligent services to guide the deployment of intelligent endogenous networks.It is a huge challenge to effectively combine the fusion mechanism for computing and communication on the management plane with the one on the control plane.At the same time,it may be dif

126、ficult to ensure the continuous achievement of QoAIS of AI services only by relying on the management plane only to orchestrate the resources required for the workflow.Therefore,it is necessary to consider whether the participation of the control plane is required,and how to coordinate and distingui

127、sh management and control.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-16-4.3 Service Wireless Network4.3.1 Basic ConceptsAt present,5G has realized the service-oriented transformation of the core network control plane.With the advancement of service-oriented RAN and service-oriented CN research,the future 6G sys

128、tem will implement an end-to-end full-service architecture to improve the adaptability of the network to all scenarios.The 6G service-oriented RAN based on the cloud-native technology aims to decouple the traditional integrated single base station into the control plane and user plane services,reali

129、ze the interaction and capability opening between functional services through service-oriented interfaces,and provide more flexible service capabilities in an on-demand combination.In addition,access network capabilities can be encapsulated and opened layer by layer to provide customers with integra

130、ted services in different forms and capabilities.4.3.2 Key TechnologiesTo create a better end-to-end service-oriented network that conforms to the cloud-native principle,the research on service-oriented RAN includes the service-oriented design of the basic functions of the RAN control plane and user

131、 plane,and the introduction of multi-dimensional capabilities,such as AI,sensing,and computing.With the deepening of network service transformation,it may also be extended to terminal services.Specifically,the key research content of the RAN control plane,such as the interface service scheme,transfo

132、rms the N2 interface into service to realize the direct call between the access network and the core network service,and reduce redundant signaling.The integrated service between RAN and CN and a design of a lightweight service call process further realize the end-to-end signaling process design and

133、 the service orientation of multi-dimensional capabilities.Through the definition of service-oriented interfaces between RAN and third-party services,the network can quickly introduce and deploy multi-dimensional capabilities.For the RAN user plane,the traditional RAN user plane complies with the de

134、sign concept of the OSI layered protocol,and cannot realize flexible cross-layer signaling interaction and cross-layer function combination.The service-oriented RAN user plane breaks through the design concept of the traditional layered protocol,enabling flexible calls between functional modules,and

135、 its call relationship is no longer subject to the relationship between ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-17-the upper and lower layer protocols.The user plane function of the RAN is reasonably split and reconstructed into multiple RAN user plane services,subject to the flexible combination as needed.S

136、pecifically,research on the RAN user plane services includes splitting and reconstruction of the user plane service,service-orientated interface design and development of service interfaces,and processing sequence of user plane data.4.3.3 Technical ChallengesThe inherent limitations of traditional R

137、AN and the new problems brought about by the introduction of new technologies challenge the research of service-based RAN.One is the definition of service splitting.Unreasonable service splitting is likely to build a distributed monolithic application that combines the disadvantages of both monolith

138、ic architecture and micro-services architecture.The second is the network energy efficiency problems posed by service orientation.Regarding energy efficiency,most of the implementation of service-oriented RAN will be based on general-purpose chips,which have the advantages of low cost and high flexi

139、bility,but at the same time,it will also bring problems of low processing efficiency and high power consumption.The third is testing operation and maintenance.An open interface will bring a more complex processing mechanism.Some interfaces need to define a new standard signaling process,which increa

140、ses the overall device complexity and the difficulty in system integration.In addition,further research and consideration are required for such problems as the non-significant cost advantage in the short term,the non-suitability of the current standardization method for the rapid development and dep

141、loyment requirements of service-based RAN,and the corresponding network security issues brought about by service-based RAN.4.4 Wireless Computing Network4.4.1 Basic ConceptsAt present,the mobile communication network architecture is designed to meet the basic functions of the wireless communication

142、system,and network real-time and stability requirements.The general computing resources are very limited,especially in scenarios with a high business load.It is difficult to provide stable and continuous computing and storage resources to intelligent functions under a heavy load of applications,such

143、 as data analysis and AI computing deployed on the wireless side.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-18-With the evolution of intelligent services in the future and the increasingly mature technologies such as 5G networks cloudification and distributed computing,the network will connect the cloud,edge,an

144、d end.Edge computing power will become an important link to support intelligent services.In the future,RAN will integrate edge computing power to form the basis of edge intelligent services.Based on endogenous AI capabilities,multi-dimensional resources,such as network,storage,and computing power,wi

145、ll be coordinated in a unified manner to realize the integrated supply of connection and computing power at the edge of the network and build a connection+computing+intelligent integrated architecture and technical system of the wireless computing network to create service capabilities of the wirele

146、ss computing network.4.4.2 Architecture DesignersThe architecture of the wireless computing network specifically includes four layers,the heterogeneous resource layer,network function layer,intelligent decision-making layer,and service application layer.Among them,the heterogeneous resource layer is

147、 the infrastructure provider of multi-dimensional online resources,such as the network connection,spectrum,computing power,and storage.Network connection resources include routing,transmission,and switching resources that provide ubiquitous network connections to every corner of the network.Spectrum

148、 resources mainly include wireless spectrum resources responsible for wireless access.Computing resources Figure 2 Mobile Computing Network ArchitectureICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-19-include processors with computing power as the main,such as CPU,GPU,NPU,and other various devices with data logica

149、l processing capabilities through the operating system.Storage resources include various independent storage or distributed storage devices.Relying on the development of virtualization and cloudification technologies,the heterogeneous resource layer provides abstract resource views and call interfac

150、es to the upper layer,realizing the integration and sharing of resources.The network function layer extends the functions based on the 3GPP definition of the RAN,including the original control plane and user plane,adding the security functions of the sensing plane,data plane,intelligent plane,and th

151、e whole system.The network function layer can combine one or more network functions to form a specific network function,meeting the requirements of different applications and services.The intelligent decision-making layer mainly includes intelligent connection,intelligent configuration,intelligent o

152、rchestration,and intelligent management.Intelligent connection and intelligent configuration realize the optimal matching of service and business function requirements through the mapping of required services and reasonable task orchestration through real-time monitoring,integrated scheduling,and jo

153、int orchestration of multi-dimensional online resources,as well as real-time management and control of the full life cycle of various task strengths.The service application layer includes connection services,computing power services,function customization,and capability opening.The service applicati

154、on layer provides end customers and other users with service interfaces for various services through a unified service interface by abstraction,encapsulation,and a combination of system capabilities.It can also provide customized business services for specific customers.At the same time,various busi

155、ness needs are sent to the intelligent management layer or the corresponding business functions.With the rapid development of distributed cloud,resource and data processing will accelerate the spread from the cloud to the edge,and the end to the edge.The network is transformed from simply providing

156、end-to-end communication services at the beginning,to cloud-to-end content services,and then to the device-edge-cloud collaborative intelligent services.4.4.3 Key TechnologiesThe deep integration of 6G communication resources and computing in the future includes key technology research in the follow

157、ing two aspects.First,the introduction of new computing and intelligent planes brings the necessity of restructuring the RAN architecture.It is necessary to clarify ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-20-the corresponding interfaces and application processes to give full play to the advantages of the wir

158、eless computing network in performance and intelligent services.At the same time,in order to support the realization of the wireless computing network,the protocol stack may be simplified to provide high-performance solutions for task-oriented services.For example,users can directly establish connec

159、tions with POD or containers on the computing plane,instead of using the data connection method of traditional base stations and core networks.It also includes the design and deployment of AI algorithms.Wireless computing networks require AI assistance to balancethe overhead and performance of commu

160、nication,computing,and storage resources.Second,at the network management level,the network and the computing power need to be orchestrated in a unified manner,including support for heterogeneous computing power,ubiquitous scheduling of computing power and services,and operation and maintenance of i

161、ntelligent network management,including intelligent reasoning,optimization,and verification for different application scenarios,and automation of the network from deployment and operation and maintenance to fault analysis and decision-making.4.5 DT Network4.5.1 Basic ConceptsThe digital twin network

162、 is to build a twin digital network by digital twinning the network itself.It provides new technical ideas and solutions for realizing the high-level autonomy of the 6G network.The digital twin network is a network system composed of a physical network entity and its twin digital network,and real-ti

163、me interactive mapping can be performed between the physical network and the twin digital network.By constructing a digital image of the physical network and finely replicating the entire process of the network and device,the digital network can provide a digital verification environment close to th

164、e real network for optimization and policy adjustments of network operation and maintenance.It achieves pre-verification with low trial and error costs and risks.Its independent construction and expansion capabilities can realize the demand exploration and effect verification of new services.In this

165、 way,it can help 6G RAN in self-optimization,self-evolution,and self-growth.4.5.2 Architecture DesignersThe 6G digital twin network will present a combination of centralized and distributed,layered and ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-21-cross-domain architecture.The digital twin of local network elem

166、ents and its functions can support the autonomy requirements of local or single network elements,conducive to the generation of the digital twin on demand,reducing the pressure of data collection and transmission,and protecting the privacy of device data.The RAN digital twin platform stores the RAN

167、digital twin and its functions,which can support wide-area or network-level autonomy requirements and support global business optimization.On this basis,facing the autonomous requirements of 6G RAN,the resource objects in the digital twin network have three bodies and five states,and achieve continu

168、ous optimization through double closed loops,forming an overall structure of a three-layer three-domain double closed-loop.To meet the requirements of 6G RAN autonomy,the network needs a combination of inner and outer closed loops to realize the linkage between the three bodies.The physical entity a

169、nd digital twin of an object are commonly mentioned in digital twin technology,while the digital planning body is a newly proposed concept based on the characteristics of network autonomy.The digital planning body represents the decision-making content and results of the digital domain in the networ

170、k autonomy scenario.It is the purpose of keeping the digital twin and the physical object in sync.It reflects the decision-making intelligence level of the digital twin network and is an important link in the closed loop of network autonomy.At present,the construction of digital twin systems in vari

171、ous industries mainly focuses on the real-time and accurate synchronization between physical objects and their digital twins in the upstream direction.In the downstream direction,the implementation of digital planning bodies to the time delay,accuracy,and jitter performance of physical objects also

172、directly affects the effect of network autonomy.The relationship between the three bodies is that the digital twin is a mapping of the state of the physical entity.Based on the digital twin and related data,the network generates a digital planning body and optimizes and adjusts the physical entity a

173、ccording to the digital planning body.Different from the separate stages of planning,construction,maintenance,and optimization in the current network,all states of 6G network devices from supply to decommissioning are managed by the digital twin network.To distinguish the different relationships and

174、 technical requirements between devices at different stages of the life cycle and twin digital networks,and to be compatible with existing network devices that do not support digital twins,a five-state design scheme is proposed:initial state,planning state,service state,twin state,and energy-saving

175、state.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-22-In terms of architecture,the network needs to have a complete autonomous closed-loop,as well as platform-level and distributed computing power to achieve multi-level closed-loop autonomy in layers and domains.The autonomous closed loop mentioned in standardiza

176、tion and industry organizations generally includes four links:observation,analysis,decision,and execution.In the digital twin network,the digital twin realizes observation by synchronizing the state of the physical network,the digital planning body corresponds to the decision-making result,and the p

177、hysical entity is the object of execution.For the analysis link,since the digital twin network has a high-fidelity digital network environment,it can verify the decision-making effect and provide the possibility for closed-loop optimization of decision-making in the digital domain,making the analysi

178、s link itself a closed-loop process.4.5.3 Technical ChallengesAs a complex system based on a large-scale communication network,the digital twin network has many technical problems to be addressed in data,models,and architecture.As for data,such issues should be considered as data privacy protection,

179、compatibility of data from different vendors,and how to design digital twins and planning models for different network autonomy scenarios and ensure data quality.In terms of models,further research is needed on how different types of models can interconnect,and how to use multiple models to correct

180、the accuracy of digital twins still needs further research.Regarding architecture,we should join hands to explore how to realize on-demand customized and dynamically generated digital twins and planning bodies,and how to realize self-analysis of pre-verification intent and self-orchestration of proc

181、esses to meet the performance requirements(such as real-time performance and accuracy)of different network autonomy scenarios.How to build an intelligent digital twin common to the entire network,and form a twin network with string generalization ability and migration ability.Although the digital tw

182、ins of the network have been applied in some existing networks,such twins are often constructed based on a large amount of expert knowledge and specific field backgrounds,with poor general availability.Usually,it is only suitable for specific physical or logical aspects of the network environment.Ho

183、w to find a way to make full use of RAN big data,knowledge graphs,and AI to construct RAN meta-models and meta-algorithms,and form a network digital twin with strong generalization ability that can be migrated to various RAN environments.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-23-How to realize the controlla

184、bility of scenario generation of the virtual network and improve the reliability of data augmentation and pre-verification results of the digital twin network.The virtual network scenario is designed to simulate actual network performance,and its performance evaluation system and control mechanism s

185、hould be established.In addition,the digital twin network also needs to be able to generate augmented data and pre-verification results based on specific conditions,to realize the simulation of specific intent-driven customized scenarios.How to improve the utilization efficiency of the real RAN data

186、 and reduce the cost of digital twin network modeling.Considering the cost of real RAN data collection,the digital twin network should reduce the number of required training samples to the lowest possible,but a few samples will cause the failure of the digital twin network to match the actual scenar

187、io.Hence,it is necessary to balance the relationship between effectiveness and complexity.4.6 Semantic Communication4.6.1 Basic ConceptsShannon and Weaver pointed out that communication contains three levels:syntactic level,semantic level,and pragmatic level.Semantic communication was proposed synch

188、ronously with grammatical communication a long time ago.However,limited by technology and scenario requirements,more attention has been paid to grammatical communication.Today,grammatical communication has been close to the Shannon limit.With the development of AI technology and the growing demand o

189、f 6G for agent communication,semantic communication has once again become a high-profile technology trend.Classical information theory solves the error-free transmission of information symbols at the grammatical level,leaving the understanding of information content to the receivers themselves.Seman

190、tic communication is a technology that represents and transmits information semantically.It solves the information meaning expression and transmission at the semantic level,and puts part or all the understanding of information meaning in front of the sender,thereby reducing the amount of transmissio

191、n and bandwidth requirements.Semantic communication mainly focuses on the semantic representation,transmission,and reconstruction of source content,as well as semantic-based wireless transmission.Therefore,thekey links of semantic communication mainly include semantic coding and channel coding.ICDT

192、Integrated 6G Network 3.0-24-Compared with traditional grammatical communication,semantic communication has three own and advantages.The first is information representation.Semantic communication upgrades symbolic representations to semantic representations so that the extraction and understanding o

193、f semantic features of source content are forwarded from the receiving end to the sending end,directly facing scenarios,user intentions,and tasks.Hence,business functions can be added to provide value-added services,such as emotion recognition,emotion classification,speech enhancement,and others.At

194、the same time,data security can be enhanced under certain conditions,because the original information cannot be recovered without a semantic decoding model.The second is the evaluation criteria for service quality.Grammatical communication usually measures service quality through indicators such as

195、the symbol error rate,packet error rate,and packet loss rate,which cannot directly reflect subjective quality like QoE timely.Semantic communication uses semantic accuracy and sensing quality to define service quality.The third is transmission bandwidth.As semantic communication only transmits seman

196、tic information,the requirements for transmission bandwidth can be reduced by 10 times.The reduction in bandwidth requirements will further reduce transmission delay and jitter,improve transmission reliability and transmission capacity,and further integrate with wireless transmission solutions to im

197、prove wireless transmission efficiency.4.6.2 Key TechnologiesCurrently,semantic communication mainly focuses on the following areas.The first is semantic information measurement.It mainly solves the problem of non-statistical characteristics and ambiguity of semantic information,as well as the probl

198、em of semantic entropy,semantic rate-distortion function,semantic channel capacity,and the performance measure for semantic communication systems.At present,it is considered to replace statistical probability with logical probability,and introduce the fuzzy set theory and generalized information the

199、ory to solve the problem.The second question requires a specific analysis of the source content.Currently,there is a definition of semantic similarity,as well as indicators that are directly introduced into machine learning,such as precision(such as BLUE)and recall(such as ROUGE).The second is seman

200、tic feature extraction.It mainly studies the extraction,coding,and compression of multi-modal information sources such as videos,images,voices,and texts.A large part of the work is directly transferred from machine learning.The third is the joint transmission of semantic information sources and chan

201、nels.The research is mainly about the joint design of the semantic codec module and the channel codec module,and the joint training problem based on AI.The goal is to minimize feature redundancy and ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-25-maximize reconstruction quality.The fourth is the integration theor

202、y of semantic communication and AI.The main research is the definition and representation of semantic information for intelligent requirements,the mechanism for semantic information generation,and the mechanism for semantic encoding and decoding.The fifth is the design of the semantic communication

203、system.It mainly researches the network architecture that can support semantic information processing and semantic signal processing,such as the introduction of the knowledge-sharing mechanism and semantic processing functions.Here are the basic principles of semantic representation,feature extracti

204、on,and encoding of multi-modal information sources.1)Image semantic communication.With pixel accuracy as the reconstruction goal,traditional image coding uses pixels as the unit of representation and its performance is not good when the bandwidth is limited.Image semantic communication is based on t

205、he scene graph method,and image semantics are represented and transmitted in a triplet form of subject-verb-object.2)Video semantic communication.In the case of the face scene,the basic principle is to recognize the face at the sending end,extract the semantic features of the face,then encode and tr

206、ansmit,and reconstruct the face at the receiving end based on the semantic feature information.3)Text semantic communication.The basic principle is to jointly train the semantic codec and the channel codec through the data set,making it able to resist semantic noise and channel noise.Enriching the d

207、ata set through semantic noise modeling further improves the systems ability to resist semantic noise.4)Speech semantic communication.The basic principle is that the sending end performs text recognition and speech feature extraction on the initial audio,and then encodes and transmits it to the rece

208、iving end for speech synthesis.The proposed scheme for speech feature extraction can achieve better speech recognition and speech synthesis than the traditional method.Figure 3 Schematic Diagram of Video Semantic CommunicationICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-26-4.6.3 Technical ChallengesGenerally spea

209、king,semantic communication technology is still not mature,facing four industrialization challenges.One is multi-user semantic communication.The practical application of semantic communication needs to solve the problem of multi-user communication.The difficulty lies in an inconsistent understanding

210、 of semantics by multiple users,leading to a failure in multi-party communication.The second is multi-modal communication.The current multimedia services are basically a content mix of videos,voices,images,pictures,and texts.However,the current semantic communication prototypes are all aimed at a si

211、ngle media form,which is not practical.In the process of industrialization,it is necessary to solve the problem of extracting semantic information from multi-modal information sources by a single model,or solve the problem of how to maintain semantic consistency and transmission synchronization of m

212、ultiple models.The third is the construction and update of the knowledge base.Semantic communication relies on the consistent knowledge background of the sending and receiving parties,requiring a system to support the distribution,sharing,and updating of the knowledge base,but it is difficult for in

213、dustrialization.The fourth is about information privacy protection.Semantic communication extracts the users feature information,such as facial features,voiceprint features,and features in user data.At the same time,the model trained for user features can be used to imitate the user himself,which ca

214、uses great risks,so a sufficiently powerful mechanism for a security guarantee must be needed.5.ICDT-integrated Technology Trends5.1 Cross-border Integration Technology TrendsThe inter-border and interdisciplinary integration of information and communication technology has become the new normal.The

215、ten cross-border innovation trends are as follows.It may affect the development of ICDT technology in the future.One is new sensing.Sensing technology is the data foundation of digitization,showing the development trend of multi-technology integration,heterogeneous integration,and micro-energy,inclu

216、ding integrated sensing and communication,passive sensing technology,intelligent micro-system,intelligent sensing,and the system of human digital twins.The second is the new terminal.In the future,new terminals will have features such as bio-friendliness and low power consumption.Technologies such a

217、s flexible terminals,holographic ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-27-terminals,and modular terminals are included.The third is new computing power.The computing system presents a trend of diversification and the coexistence of multiple routes.Non-classical computing gradually moves from theory to prac

218、tice.It includes quantum computing,optical computing,storage and computing integration,and other technologies.The fourth is new security.It is urgent to upgrade the traditional patch-type and plug-in security defense system,realizing the transformation from network security to a secure network.Quant

219、um secure communication,a trusted endogenous security system,and unified identity authentication based on biological and device characteristics are included.The fifth is new low carbon.The increase in demand for information processing has imposed enormous pressure on achieving the double carbon goal

220、.It is necessary to seek new breakthroughs in energy saving and carbon reduction.It includes zero watt and zero bit technology,green new energy technology,and integration technology of communication and energy networks.The sixth is new materials.The development of information and communication netwo

221、rks with higher frequency bands and lower energy consumption puts forward transformative demands on new materials.Key material technologies include new antenna materials for nanometer printing,new chip materials for carbon nanotubes,and new materials for hollow-core anti-resonant optical fibers.The

222、seventh is new bionics.The development of brain science and material science has brought new directions and breakthroughs to bionic technology in the field of information and communication.It includes brain-like computing and DNA storage.The eighth is new networking.As the organizational relationshi

223、p of the existing network is generally rigid and closed,it is difficult for it to adapt to the future development needs of complex scenarios and high customization for thousands of industries.The future communication network will develop towards open,flexible,modular,and multimodal directions.It inc

224、ludes plug-and-play functions,modular service-oriented network functions,and on-demand service functions,as well as multi-modal network technology,to realize the new paradigm upgrade of separation of the application network and network resources.The ninth is new infrastructure.The coordinated constr

225、uction and integrated development of information infrastructure and related infrastructure have become a new trend.The focus includes the integration of communication and municipal public infrastructure,and the integration of communication and building infrastructure.The tenth is a new paradigm.In t

226、he future,mobile communications will involve more inter-border fields and interdisciplinary subjects.New industries and business models will continue to emerge.It includes new paradigms of industrial research and development,ecological development,and information services.ICDT Integrated 6G Network

227、3.0-28-5.2 Quantum Computing and ApplicationsQuantum computing is a new type of computing model that follows the laws of quantum mechanics.In terms of quantum simulation and computing acceleration,it shows superiority over classical computing,and has been experimentally applied in the fields of chem

228、istry,medicine,materials,finance,logistics,and aviation.At present,there are many quantum computing technology routes,each with its own advantages,disadvantages emphasis,so there exists great uncertainty in the development of the industry.Practical general-purpose quantum computers are expected to m

229、ature within 10 to 20 years,but dedicated quantum computers for specific applications may be commercially available in the next few years,which will have a profound impact on the development of information and communication.At present,quantum computing has some possible application areas.One is comp

230、uting services for mobile networks.Quantum computing provides exponential acceleration for the optimization of networks and business and promotes high-quality network upgrades.It provides exponential acceleration for model training and calculation for machine learning,empowers the network brain,and

231、drives the intelligent upgrade of the network.The second is computing power network services for vertical applications.Based on the self-owned computing power of the quantum computer,classic cloud computing infrastructure,and third-party quantum computer resources,through a deterministic and highly

232、reliable computing power network,it can provide quantum simulation,quantum computing,quantum algorithms,and other new services to vertical industries that have supercomputing needs,such as chemistry,medicine,and meteorology,as well as those in need of the optimized computing power,such as aviation,t

233、ransportation,logistics,and finance.The third is that the quantum information network will create a huge new space for services.Based on quantum teleportation,the quantum information network can realize quantum data sharing and small-scale quantum computer interconnection.Through blind quantum compu

234、ting and distributed quantum computing,it will provide low-threshold,low-cost quantum computing and storage services for small and medium-sized enterprises,universities,and individuals in the future.With the development of quantum sensor technology and industry,the quantum information network will f

235、urther expand the scope of quantum information processing and quantum computing,bringing more comprehensive quantum information services.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-29-6.ConclusionThe integrated development of mobile communication technology and computing technology,sensing technology,big data an

236、d AI technology,and control technology is forming a new ecology of 6G technology,bringing many innovative solutions at all levels of the network,air interface,terminal,and application.For the sustainable development of 6G,this article proposes:We should adhere to the global 6G innovation system and

237、6G internationalization route.During single-point core technology research,it is necessary to strengthen the design and research of 6G systems in combination with possible future commercial application scenarios and network deployment methods,to guide technological innovation,standard formulation,an

238、d industrial development,beginning with the end in mind.We should strengthen the research and experimental verification of basic technology and cross-border integration technology,as well as the research and layout of emerging technologies such as safety and low carbon.We should accumulate technolog

239、y and industry first-mover advantages in key directions of 6G,and provide a new opportunity for cross-border integration,innovation,and expansion in cutting-edge fields such as AI,life sciences,green energy,and new materials.Information security,network security,industrial security,and green and low

240、-carbon have become strong constraints on social development.The design of the 6G system should take flexible and simple,green and safe as important prerequisites into consideration,go beyond single-point optimization,and pursue comprehensive optimization.We should focus on collaboration with techno

241、logy,network,and application of 5G to create a common ecosystem.ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0-30-I Chih-Lin,Pan ChengkangPan Chengkang,Wang Qixing,Liu Jianjun,Deng Juan,Wang Yingying,Jin Jing,Li Na,Lou Mengting,Su Xin,Chen Tianjiao,Hou Shuai,Sun Zhiwen,Li Xinying Qin Zhijin,Duan Yiping,Du Qiyuan Huang Rong,Liu Shan,Pang Bo Cui Qimei,Zhang Xuefei,Tao Xiaofeng Sun Yanzan,Chen Xiaojing,Zhang Shunqing,Xu Shugong Responsible editors:China Mobile:Tsinghua University:China Unicom:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications:Shanghai University:Acknowledgement-31-ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0