1、EY Green Tax TrackerKeeping pace with sustainability incentives,carbon regimes and environmental taxes20 February 2023EY Green Tax Tracker Page 2Global goalsThe Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change.It was adopted by 196 parties in 2015 and entered into force in 2016.The goal

2、of the agreement is to keep the global average temperature rise this century as close as possible to 1.5C above preindustrial levels.Emissions need to be reduced by 45%by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.The Glasgow Climate Pact is a 2021 agreement of 190 countries that reaffirms the goal of limiting

3、 global warming to 1.5C.It asks countries to improve their 2030 national climate targets by the end of 2022,calls for countries to make efforts to reduce the use of coal as a source of fuel and end inefficient fossil fuel subsidies,calls for climate financing for developing countries,calls financial

4、 support for adaptation measures and creates a market for units representing emissions reductions that countries can trade.Carbon negative is the result of an organization both reducing its emissions in line with its 1.5C SBT and investing in nature-based solutions and carbon technologies to remove

5、and offset more carbon than it emits each year.130+countries representing over 80%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,have communicated a net-zero target in either domestic law,policy,or high-level political pledge*Net zero is the point at which an organization has achieved its science-based targ

6、et to limit global warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels and removed its residual emissions from the atmosphere.100+nations pledge to stop deforestation100+nations agree to reduce methane40+nations vow to phase out coal and fossil fuels*Source:,10 February 2023.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 3Keepi

7、ng pace with sustainability tax policySustainabilityPolicy monitoring and modelingESG QuantificationFund ManagementCredits,Incentives and FundingESG+International TradeSupply Chain OptimizationSustainability LawPlanning,Reporting and ComplianceAs governments make pledges to reduce emissions to addre

8、ss climate change,they develop policies to drive progress toward those pledges.These policies often involve tax tax incentives to encourage green behavior and green technology and tax costs to discourage behaviors and technologies that add to GHG emissions.Governments are also using sustainability t

9、ax measures to raise revenue and fund important policy objectives.While these goals are shared,the policies established to achieve them vary greatly across the globe.As much of global climate policy sits in global tax codes,its imperative for tax to be at the table in a companys sustainability discu

10、ssions.Tax plays a significant part in encouraging and enabling companies to fulfill their climate commitments for achieving net zero and greening up their operations.Staying on top of the evolving sustainability tax landscape across the globe is critical.Here EY teams offer a snapshot of sustainabi

11、lity incentives,carbon regimes,environmental taxes and environmental tax exemptions present in 44 jurisdictions,representing nearly 90%of global GDP.To learn more about any measure,please consult with your EY engagement team or the jurisdiction contact located at the top of each page.EY Green Tax Tr

12、acker Page 41,950 Sustainability incentivesSustainability incentives can generally be divided into three categories,those that encourage a reduction in natural resource consumption,those that encourage a switch to renewable or alternative energy sources,or those that encourage innovation of new low-

13、carbon products and manufacturing processes.Many programs are a mix of the three containing multiple elements.Prevalent measures used to influence sustainable behavior include tax credits,grants and loans.1,200+Reduce Construct or retrofit energy-efficient buildingsProcure energy-efficient process e

14、quipmentApply emission reduction technologies800+SwitchAlternative fuelsRenewable energy generation(such as solar,wind,geothermal)Qualifying on-site generation200+InnovateResearch and development(R&D)creditsResearch funding grantsFunding rebates for green job trainingSource:EY jurisdiction professio

15、nals.Included in the 44 jurisdictions represented in this editionEY Green Tax Tracker Page 53,000+Environmental taxes and exemptionsEnvironmental taxesWithin the overall taxation framework,environmental taxes function not only as a source of revenue,but also as an instrument of environmentalpolicy.A

16、s a result,governments use taxes on a variety of products to encourage or discourage consumption.Similarly,governments offer exemptions from environmental taxes for certain qualifying products,uses or taxpayers.Water,pollution and effluent chargesConsumption taxesGreenhouse gasesDischarge feesRecycl

17、ing,waste and landfillsDisposal feesRecycling feesElectronic wasteDisposal feesEmissions and air pollutionCongestion charge Tax on certain chemicalsEmissions feesConventional and alternative fuelsGasoline,coal,natural gas,etc.taxesAviation taxesEnergy or electricity generation,distribution and consu

18、mptionOil,coal,natural gas,etc.taxesElectricity feesEnergy-efficient industrial and manufacturing processesGasoline,coal,natural gas,etc.taxesPlastics and packaging taxesTax on single use plastics OthersTaxes on other productsSource:EY jurisdiction professionals.Included in the 44 jurisdictions repr

19、esented in this editionEY Green Tax Tracker Page 644Jurisdictions coveredArgentinaAustralia AustriaBelgiumBrazil Canada Chile China Mainland ColombiaCyprusDenmarkEuropean UnionFinlandFrance Germany IndiaIndonesiaIrelandItalyJapanLithuaniaLuxembourgMalaysiaMexicoThe NetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPeruTh

20、e PhilippinesPoland PortugalRomaniaSingaporeSlovakiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpain SwitzerlandSweden*ThailandT rkiyeUnited Kingdom United States VietnamThe information offered for each jurisdiction represents the best understanding of EY professionals in that jurisdiction.It is high-level and subject

21、to change.This document is updated on an ongoing basis but not all entries will be up to date at a given moment.In addition,not all jurisdictions are reflected in this document.Please contact your EY engagement team or the listed jurisdiction contact for more information.*New in this editionIndex of

22、 measures EY Green Tax Tracker Page 7Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsReduceSwitchInnovateETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnergy efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equip.Water use

23、reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling techEmission reduction technologiesAlt fuel vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation Renewable energy generation Recycled materials/recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies Green

24、jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and p

25、ackaging Water use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuelOn-site generation Renewable energyConventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingArgentinaAustr

26、aliaAustriaBelgiumBrazilCanadaChileChina MainlandColombiaCyprusDenmarkEuropean UnionFinlandFranceGermanyNote:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more details.Return to jurisdiction listFind the most current version o

27、f this tracker on Index of measures(continued)EY Green Tax Tracker Page 8Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsReduceSwitchInnovateETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnergy efficient buildingsEnerg

28、y efficient process equip.Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling techEmission reduction technologiesAlt fuel vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation Renewable energy generation Recycled materials/recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green produc

29、tsCarbon capture technologies Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and m

30、anufacturing processesPlastics and packaging Water use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuelOn-site generation Renewable energyConventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processes

31、Plastics and packagingIndiaIndonesiaIrelandItalyJapanLithuaniaLuxembourgMalaysiaMexicoThe NetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPeruPolandReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please s

32、ee the jurisdiction page for more details.Index of measures(continued)EY Green Tax Tracker Page 9Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsReduceSwitchInnovateETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnergy

33、efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equip.Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling techEmission reduction technologiesAlt fuel vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation Renewable energy generation Recycled materials/recycling equipmentR&D machinery for ma

34、nufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels Energy/electricity generation,distribution and con

35、sumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packaging Water use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuelOn-site generation Renewable energyConventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and

36、 manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingThe PhilippinesPortugalRomaniaSingaporeSlovakia South AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSwitzerlandSwedenThailand TurkeyUnited KingdomUnited StatesVietnamReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Note:Yellow fill indicates the prese

37、nce of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more details.ArgentinaEY Green Tax Tracker Page 10J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelJ LETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainabilit

38、y incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fu

39、el(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon

40、capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,di

41、stribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel

42、cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax incentives have been in place for over 15 years in Argentina and a national carbon tax was implemented in 2018,but t

43、he countrys holistic approach to environmental tax policy is still emerging.The national carbon tax estimated to cover 20%of the countrys greenhouse gas emissions is the top focus area of environmental tax policy.Argentina also has several incentive programs to promote technological development,rene

44、wable energy and biofuel utilization,wind and solar energy generation,and investment in forestry projects.Contact:Gustavo Scravaglieri,Ariel BecherReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:18 January 2023 AustraliaEY Green Tax Tracker Page

45、11JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,

46、furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal

47、,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectro

48、nic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic w

49、asteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingAustralia

50、s new Labor Federal government has a target of net-zero emissions by 2050 and a 43%reduction over 2005 levels by 2050.These targets will be legislated to increase policy certainty and stability.Instead of placing a moratorium on new oil and gas projects to reach the targets,the safeguard mechanism w

51、ill continue to apply to the 215 entities that currently emit more than 100,000 tons of C02a year and a revised mechanism to apply from 2023-24 will require them to reduce aggregate emissions by 5 million tons a year to collectively achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.There is a national excise tax o

52、n petrol,diesel and other fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas or ethanol.Additionally,there are multiple state and territory levies,charges and fines on pollution.Initially individual states applied user charges on zero and low emission vehicles at purchase,but programs are emerging on the federal

53、 level proposing a limited fringe benefits tax exemption and customs duty relief.Sustainability tax programs continue,including additional clean energy technology incentive measures.There are many targeted sustainability grant funding programs offered by both federal and state governments.Contact:La

54、urence Osen,Simon Whyte Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:3 February 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listAustriaContact:Markus Schragl,Sebastian Koch JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under

55、 considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technolog

56、iesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D mac

57、hinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles

58、and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn

59、-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax policies are well established in Austria,for example,the fuel tax can

60、be traced back to the first half of the 20th century.Further sustainability tax programs are expected in the future.The most significant measures are on a national level,however,there are also measures at a local level.Energy taxes(fuel taxes,electricity tax)have been a focus in recent years.A new c

61、arbon tax,by way of national emission certificate trading,is effective 1 October 2022.National emissions trading will start with a fixed price phase.The initial value for the emission of one ton of carbon dioxide will be 30;this value increases to 35 as of 2023,to 45 as of 2024 and to 55 as of 2025.

62、Trading participants placing on the market sources of energy such as mineral oil,fuels,gas or coal will be liable to acquire national emission certificates.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 12Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=L

63、ocal levelReturn to jurisdiction listBelgiumEY Green Tax Tracker Page 13JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-ef

64、ficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel

65、 cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumpt

66、ion,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduct

67、ion and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency

68、,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingBelgiums sustainability tax programs are well-established and wide ranging,including implementation of EU-level environmental legislation and policy.Most measures are at the local level,due to the federal nature of Belgium.Environmental re

69、gulation and policy sit with the regions(Brussels Region,Flanders Region,Wallonia Region),which each having their own parliaments and regional waste and environmental agencies.Belgium has relatively high fuel taxes on consumer fuels and a very high recycling rate,in part due to the early introductio

70、n of landfill bans and high landfill taxes and charges.Linked to this,Belgium has a relatively successful extended producer responsibility(EPR)system for both household and industrial packaging.Belgium is often cited as a European leader in terms of recycling and EPR.There is a political impetus com

71、bined with strong consumer and citizen support for further or stricter environmental taxes,regulations and policies,going forward.Contact:Philippe Lesage,Sofie Van DoninckFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:10 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelR

72、eturn to jurisdiction listBrazilContact:Waine Peron,Priscila Vergueiro,Ricardo F.Costa,Francisca Lacerd,Gabriel MartinsJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemp

73、tionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuels

74、On-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs

75、/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing pr

76、ocessesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geotherma

77、l,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs are still emerging in Brazil.However,some general incentives focused on infrastructure and innovation often apply to sustainable projects.Carbon taxes and an ETS ar

78、e currently under analysis by the Brazilian government,with no set date for new rules.The government is carrying out a study for economic impact,and ETS simulations with three top Brazil companies.Some states,such as S o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are assessing the possibility of ETS programs on a sta

79、te level.The government is currently focusing on biofuels(the RenovaBio program)and vehicles(ROTA2030).RenovaBio was approved in 2017 and establishes mandatory goals for the reduction of GHG emissions by avoiding the use of fossil fuels.The system basically allows for the certification of biofuels.T

80、he law also creates a decarbonization credit that combines the emissions reduction targets and the live cycle assessment of each biofuel producer.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 14Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:26 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local leve

81、lReturn to jurisdiction listCanadaContact:Krista Robinson,Thomas BrookJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-effi

82、cient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel c

83、ells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumptio

84、n,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reductio

85、n and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,i

86、ndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingCanadas sustainability tax programs at both the federal and provincial levels have been in place for several years and continue to evolve.Over time,the two levels have worked together to harmonize the application of environmental regulations

87、 including water,air,land and environmental assessment.In 2016,Canada adopted the Pan-Canadian Framework(PCF)which focused on pricing carbon pollution,complementary actions to reduce emissions economy-wide,adaptation and climate resilience,and clean technology,innovation and jobs.There are currently

88、 federal sustainability funding programs,federal accelerated depreciation for qualifying clean energy investments and several provincial sustainability programs,most taking the form of grants or rebates.Canada established a carbon pricing framework in 2018.Flexibility was provided to provinces and t

89、erritories to establish their own pricing plans with a federal backstop implemented if a local plan did not meet federal standards.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 15Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to juri

90、sdiction listChileContact:Alicia Dominguez Varas,Elanne AlmeidaJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient b

91、uildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,mi

92、croturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollu

93、tion and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and t

94、hermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industri

95、al and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingChile started a sustainability plan to transition away from coal-fired plants in response to the Paris Agreement in 2015.However,sustainability tax programs are still emerging and are generally promoted at national level.The top focus areas are gre

96、en taxes on discharged pollution of particulate matter,NOx,SO2and CO2and fuel taxes.Chile has a strong and legal commitment in achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050 and the government is actively working on additional measures.In June 2022,the Congress approved the Climate Change Act of Chile that

97、 seeks to promote climate action by proclaiming the fight against this phenomenon and including carbon neutrality as one of its State policies,establishing a legal commitment in achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050.There are proposals currently being legislated and expected tax reforms involving

98、corrective taxes are expected to be submitted by the Ministry of Finance in March 2023(i.e.,plastic tax,increase in green taxes,among others).EY Green Tax Tracker Page 16Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelRet

99、urn to jurisdiction listChina MainlandContact:Alan Lan,Andrea Yue,Yao Lu,Shirley Yong,Derrick ChenJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruc

100、tion/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(co

101、generation,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and

102、 packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and p

103、ackagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional g

104、enerationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingChina Mainland has long established,but still evolving,sustainability tax programs.At the national level,there are three environmental protection focus areas:pollution reduction,greenhouse gas reduction and resour

105、ce conservation.There are multiple tax incentives that address the three focus areas and utilize different mechanisms,including reduced corporate income tax rates for certain enterprises or for certain revenue sources,increased VAT refunds or tax exemptions.For pollution reduction,China Mainland lau

106、nched the Environmental Protection Tax(EPT),which is levied on the emission of four categories of pollutants,namely gas,water,solid wastes,as well as noises.The EPT was launched in 2018,but in fact replaced the long existing Pollutants Discharge Fee,which was levied on basically the same classes of

107、pollutants.For greenhouse gas reduction,a carbon emission trading system was recently established and there is discussion regarding a carbon tax to help China Mainland achieve its carbon goals of reaching carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 17Find the most cur

108、rent version of this tracker on Information current as of:3 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listColombiaContact:Margarita Salas,Catalina Sandoval,Josep M.AlbertJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnviron

109、mental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction

110、 technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufactur

111、ing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/

112、electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(coge

113、neration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingGreen tax programs are still emerging in Colombia,with most existing measures occurring at the national level,

114、such as the carbon tax and the plastic bag consumption tax.In addition to taxes,there are favorable tax benefits for environment friendly investments,such as energy efficiency investments and unconventional sources of energy investments.A tax reform bill was enacted in November 2022 that includes a

115、national tax on single-use plastic products used to wrap,pack or package goods,a tax on exports of crude oil and coal and the inclusion of coal within the national carbon tax.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 18Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:29 January 2023 J=Juri

116、sdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listCyprusContact:Simos Simou,Ioanna Drousioti,Marina Ioannou JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemption

117、sJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-s

118、ite generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/tra

119、iningPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing proces

120、sesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,et

121、c.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingCurrently,the only sustainability tax program in Cyprus is the Tonnage Tax Reduction of up to 30%for each marine vessel which demonstrates proactive measures to reduce its environmental impact.Mor

122、e sustainability tax programs could emerge as part of the Cyprus Recovery and Resilience Plan.The plan includes several legislative changes which are expected to be implemented by June 2026.The aim is to promote a more efficient use of environmental resources,reduced greenhouse gas emissions and inc

123、rease the availability of renewable energy.The anticipated green taxes under the Cyprus Recovery and Resilience plan fall under three main intervention areas:water pollution and water management,circular economy and waste management and climate change and air pollution.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 19Fi

124、nd the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:26 January 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listDenmarkContact:Anders Klinge,Mick J rgensen JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental

125、 taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction techn

126、ologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing gr

127、een productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electr

128、icity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogenerati

129、on,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs are well established in Denmark and have existed for many years at the national level.Th

130、ere are several incentives that offer grants and rebates for investments in technologies or projects that lead to energy saving,CO2reduction or stimulation of the generation of sustainable energy.The Denmark carbon tax applies to greenhouse gas emissions.The tax covers fossil fuels and waste.EY Gree

131、n Tax Tracker Page 20Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listEuropean UnionEY Green Tax Tracker Page 21Contact:Kasia Klaczynska Lewis,Magdalena HilgnerJLETS implementedETS under consider

132、ationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction tech

133、nologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materia

134、ls/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionC

135、onventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional an

136、d alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs in the EU are very

137、 well established and increasing with the European Green Deal,the EUs plan to make its economy sustainable.Some measures occur at the EU level,but the majority are implemented at the Member State(MS)level and execution may vary in every MS due to different energy mixes and economy structures.Other t

138、imes,a measure taken on the EU level cascades down and is complemented by a similar measure adopted by the MS(s).For instance,the plastics tax imposed by the EU on the MS will in most EU countries be supplemented by an equivalent tax that they will in turn impose on their domestic manufacturers.The

139、most significant focus areas are the EU Emissions Trading Scheme(cap-and-trade program)and corresponding Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,currently under development,the circular economy and decarbonization incentives.In February,the EU released the Green Deal Industrial Plan,with incentives for E

140、uropes net-zero industry and to support the fast transition to climate neutrality.The plan has four main pillars:simplified regulatory environment,funding,skills and trade.Return to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:15 February 2023 J=Jurisdi

141、ctional level;L=Local levelFinlandContact:Juuso SteniusJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildings

142、Energy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbi

143、nes)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and

144、 effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal e

145、nergy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and m

146、anufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs are well-established in Finland.There are many environmental taxes and fees in place,and changes to current or new excise duties are constantly under public discussion as a tool to achieve Finlands climate change policies.There

147、are also various non-tax incentives and funding schemes such as energy and investment aids available.All energy and environmental taxes are national in Finland and measures are both in part harmonized on an EU-level(energy taxation)and are national(e.g.waste tax,tax on beverage containers).There are

148、 also various environmental levies implemented on the local level,for example water drainage charges implemented by municipalities.Finland is part of the EU ETS.Recently there has been discussion of implementing a national emission trading system for fossil fuels used for transportation,but there is

149、 currently no consensus.The Finnish Government recently proposed a new mining tax(2024)and windfall tax(2023)with some sustainability considerations.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 22Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:26 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local l

150、evelReturn to jurisdiction listFranceContact:Nadine Grenouilleau,Pierre de Touchet,Pouya Javadi,Delphine PoirotJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLR

151、educeConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site

152、generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainin

153、gPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesP

154、lastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)C

155、onventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs have existed in France,mostly at the national level,since the 1990s,but have expanded in recent years.France passed an important energy and climate law in 2019 that sets am

156、bitious environmental goals such as carbon neutrality by 2050 and a 40%reduction in fossil fuel consumption by 2030 compared to 2012.The French environmental tax system is a behavior-based tax system,which means that it aims to change the behavior of companies and households by taxing the activities

157、 and products deemed to be the most harmful and by exempting the green economy.There are multiple taxes on energy consumption(e.g.,TICFE,TICPE,TICGN)and transportation(e.g.,Malus auto).Energy taxes also have a significant carbon component(i.e.,taxe carbone).There are multiple sustainability incentiv

158、e programs,including income tax credits,accelerated depreciation and alternative funding.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 23Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:27 January 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listGermanyContact:Richard Albert,

159、Boris Scholtka,Oliver Wittig,Robert B hm JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficie

160、nt process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable

161、energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent char

162、gesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy producti

163、onWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing p

164、rocessesPlastics and packagingGerman sustainability tax programs are well established,mostly at the national level,and more are continuing to emerge.Sustainability taxes and incentives are a political focus in Germany and thus the environment is constantly evolving.There are program adjustments due

165、to technological progress and other environmental needs,as well as the strong influence of supra-national EU legislation.There are multiple sustainability incentives available,including grants or rebates for the purchase of qualifying goods and reduced carbon taxes or taxes on fuels in certain quali

166、fying situations.A national ETS for fuels(used in the building and transport sector)began in 2021,expanding to all fuels in 2023.This measure is part of the German Climate Protection Program 2030.There are several additional fuel and environmental taxes.Current government focus areas are carbon pric

167、ing,renewable energy and fuel taxes.Future possible developments include a packaging levy,a plastic tax,change to EU and national ETS and waiver of the Renewable Energies Act and waivers of energy and electricity tax refunds and exemptions.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 24Find the most current version of

168、 this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelNote:Germany operates a national ETS in addition to participating in the EU ETSReturn to jurisdiction listIndiaContact:Rajnish Gupta,Shalini MathurJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implemen

169、tedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/

170、recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycli

171、ng equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternat

172、ive fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehic

173、les and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingIndia has well established sustainability tax programs.The power to le

174、vy tax is in hands of both Center and States.Both apply high taxes on non-environmentally friendly sources of energy such as petrol,high-speed diesel,etc.,and low taxes on environmentally friendly products such as EVs and ethanol.The government has incentives for use of green products,e.g.,electric

175、vehicle and scrapping old vehicles.India does not have an explicit carbon pricing regime.The government has recently passed the Energy Conservation(Amendment)Bill,2022,that allows the government to push its decarbonization agenda through carbon trading,mandatory usage of non-fossil fuel and energy e

176、fficiency standards.Proposed measures would incentivize domestic manufacturing of ACC batteries,solar panels and other qualifying activities.A Production Linked Incentive(PLI)scheme has been proposed to boost domestic manufacturing capabilities of the automobile industry,including electric and hydro

177、gen fuel cell vehicles.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 25Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:2 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listIndonesiaContact:Yudie P Paimanta,Benjamin Koesmoeljana,Peter Mitchell,Markus HidajatJLETS impl

178、ementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.

179、)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Innova

180、teUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmi

181、ssions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission

182、 reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingGreen policies are st

183、ill emerging in Indonesia with no measures currently implemented at the jurisdictional or local level,though some investment tax incentives do apply to green investments.The Indonesian government has stated to introduce a carbon tax.Under Indonesias Law on Harmonization of Tax Regulation,carbon emis

184、sions having a negative impact on the environment will be subject to a minimum carbon tax which the tariff is set at the higher than or equal to the carbon market price per kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent(CO2e).If carbon tax tariff on the carbon market is lower than IDR30.00(thirty rupiah)per

185、kilogram of CO2e,the carbon tax tariff is set at a minimum of IDR30.00(thirty rupiah)per kilogram of CO2e.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 26Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:26 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listIrelandConta

186、ct:Deirdre Hogan,Ben KellyJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equi

187、pment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generati

188、on(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,wa

189、ste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reducti

190、on/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastic

191、s and packagingIreland has a relatively long history of sustainability tax measures,mostly at the national level.Ireland was one of the first countries to introduce a plastic bag tax,which came into effect in 2002 and led to a 90%decrease in the use of plastic bags.A carbon tax was introduced in 201

192、0.There are also several sustainability incentive programs.Measures are continuing to evolve and are steadily increasing in importance.The Irish government has stated the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 7%a year from 2021,which equates to a reduction of 51%over the decade(202130).There

193、is also a target of meeting 70%of electricity demand by renewables by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.In progress toward these goals,the 2022 budget increased the level of the carbon tax to 41,increased the carbon tax target to 100 per ton by 2030 and included additional environmental tax measure

194、s.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 27Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listItalyContact:Stefano Pavesi,Alessandra Di SalvoJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon

195、tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling

196、technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipme

197、ntR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(

198、vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and eq

199、uipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingItaly has well-established sustainability taxes,programs and incentives with mos

200、t of the policy decided at the national level.Italy is set to receive 37%of the EU Next Generation program which will assist the country with its green transition.The use of these funds and implementation will be decided at the national level in agreement with the EU.Local jurisdictions retain some

201、control with their own specific requirements,taxable bases and compliance obligations.There are several national and regional green incentives available to taxpayers,including the“super-bonus”incentive to convert buildings to increase energy efficiency.It is important to note the effective dates of

202、many incentives and green benefits are in flux with some renewed on a yearly basis and others designed as one-off programs.There is currently no carbon pricing regime in Italy.There are multiple fuel taxes,however these taxes were primarily introduced to pay for extraordinary and unexpected costs.A

203、tax on single-use plastic manufactured goods took effect in July 2021.More green taxes and incentives are expected during Italys green transition.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 28Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:27 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local leve

204、lReturn to jurisdiction listJapanContact:Satoru Araki JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsE

205、nergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbin

206、es)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and

207、effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal en

208、ergy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and ma

209、nufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJapan announced an ambition to become net zero by 2050,highlighting the goal as one of the governments key policy items.In this context,more carbon-related policy measures including a more substantial carbon tax are expected.Japans sustainability tax progra

210、ms are still emerging.There are currently sustainability incentives that take the form of tax credits,enhanced depreciation,grants or rebates.There is a national carbon tax that applies to CO2emissions from all fossil fuels and a multitude of fuel taxes.There are two regional ETSs that apply to ener

211、gy-use related CO2 emissions from the industry,power and building sectors.In June 2022,Japan created a Green Transformation(GX)League with 440 companies,which is a framework for companies aiming to introduce an ETS.The GX League launched an experimental voluntary ETS in September 2022 and aims to la

212、unch a voluntary ETS after April 2023.In December 2022,GX announced a roadmap for green transformation that proposes the introduction of a carbon levy in 2028.Importers of fossil fuels will be subject to a carbon tax.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 29Find the most current version of this tracker on Inform

213、ation current as of:2 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listLithuaniaContact:Irmantas Misinas,Agn Jablonskyt,Aida Garnyt JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOver

214、viewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)ve

215、hicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technolo

216、gies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and c

217、onsumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbi

218、nes)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingA wide array of sustainability taxes have been in place in Lithuania for some time now,including taxes on pollution,fuels,waste and certain plastics an

219、d packaging.Lithuania also participates in the EU ETS.More initiatives are expected in conjunction with the European Green Deal.Anticipated initiatives are expected to address:the circular economy and climate neutral economy,sustainable and accessible cities,green energy,protection and sustainable u

220、se of natural capital,sustainable agricultural,aquaculture and food production systems and society as a partner in the transformation of the European Green Deal.It is worth noting that the packaging tax applies to more than just plastic in Lithuania,for example,there are separate tariffs for cardboa

221、rd packaging,wood packaging and others.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 30Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:9 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listLuxembourg Contact:Sabrina Witte,Laura de AlmeidaJLETS implementedETS under con

222、siderationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction

223、 technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled ma

224、terials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollu

225、tionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConvention

226、al and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability incentives are well establ

227、ished in Luxembourg.However,sustainability taxes and exemption policies are still emerging.A National ETS enables emissions rights to be counted and the proper performance of operators environmental obligations to be monitored.The EU Directive on the reduction of plastic products was implemented on

228、9 June 2022 into the national legislation.All provisions will be enforceable at the latest on 31 December 2024.Luxembourg introduced a carbon tax in 2021,that is set at 30 per ton of CO2for 2023 and participates in the EU ETS.Investments in assets purchased or constructed for the purposes of protect

229、ing the environment,reducing waste or saving energy may also qualify for a tax credit of 9%up to an investment amount of 150,000 and 4%for investments over that amount.The tax credit is also available under certain conditions and up to a determined amount for the acquisition of passenger cars with z

230、ero emissions,functioning exclusively on electricity or on hydrogen fuel cells.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 31Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:3 February 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listMalaysiaContact:Sharon Yong,Shalini R Ch

231、andrarajah JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refri

232、geration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,g

233、eothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfil

234、lsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingEle

235、ctronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packaging

236、Sustainability tax policies are still emerging in Malaysia.There are several green incentives available at the national level,taking the form of income tax credits,accelerated depreciation,grants and rebates.The Malaysian Government has announced a proposal for a carbon tax to be implemented in Mala

237、ysia,as well as the development of a domestic emissions trading scheme.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 32Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listMexicoContact:Fernando Escamilla Chavez,Jessica

238、 Torres HernandezJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD

239、,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,

240、wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and l

241、andfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recycl

242、ingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and pac

243、kagingMexicos sustainability programs have been in place for several years,with a mix of incentives at the national and local level.Most local incentives are based in Mexico City.Sustainability incentives include a 100%depreciation of machinery and equipment for renewable energy generation;reduction

244、 of payroll or property tax subject to the improvement of environmental conditions,such as,solid waste recycling,conservation of water and electric energy and reduction of polluting emissions.Mexico has two national cap and trade programs.An ETS is scheduled to begin in Mexico in 2023 after two year

245、s of a“pilot”phase(20-2021)and one year of“transition”phase(2022).The pilot covers direct CO2emissions from entities in the energy and industry sectors generating at least 100,000 tCO2per year.Approximately 300 entities are covered by the pilot,corresponding to 40%of national emissions.There is also

246、 a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels in effect since January 2014.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 33Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:10 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listThe NetherlandsContact:Bastiaan Kats,Walter

247、 de WitJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigera

248、tion,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geoth

249、ermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsEl

250、ectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectro

251、nic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingThe

252、Netherlands has a well-established suite of environmental taxes and levies that mostly sit at the national level.New measures continue to emerge such as a flight ticket tax and CO2taxes.To achieve the Dutch Climate Plan target of a 43%emissions reduction compared to 2005,various incentive programs a

253、re available for Dutch entrepreneurs who invest in sustainable technologies.Originally,Dutch environmental taxes were primarily focused on energy and fuel consumption.More recently,the government is concentrating on CO2reduction and new ways of raising revenues via plastic and carbon taxes.The Dutch

254、 Carbon Levy took effect in in 2021 and applies to installations already subject to the existing EU ETS.The Netherlands has introduced a temporary cap on market income of electricity producers for the period from 1 December 2022 to 30 June 2023.The general income ceiling is set at 130 per MWh,calcul

255、ated on the basis of monthly average prices.Above this ceiling,90%of market income must be remitted.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 34Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:31 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listNew ZealandContact

256、:Paul Smith,Pip Best,Aaron Quintal,Paul Dunne,Sladjana Freakley JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient

257、buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,m

258、icroturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,poll

259、ution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and

260、thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industr

261、ial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingThe New Zealand Government has declared a climate emergency and indicated that climate action is one of its key priorities.The recently released“Emissions Reduction Plan”focuses on the development of clear action points for the coming decade,inclu

262、ding mitigation strategies to manage climate change impacts.New Zealand has a national ETS that at present applies to all non-agricultural sources of emissions.Following a period of detailed consultation with the agricultural sector,the Government proposed a farm-level split-gas levy to address agri

263、cultural emissions,which is awaiting approval by the ministers in 2023.Proceeds raised through the ETS fund many sustainability related initiatives including several grant and rebate programs to support projects that reduce waste and carbon emissions.There are also fuel and waste charges levied,and

264、a commitment to phase out certain single-use plastics by 2025.Revenue officials are expected to soon release a framework for environmental taxation to guide the design of future taxes.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 35Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:25 January 20

265、23J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listNorwayContact:Jan-Erik T rres,Delphine PoirotJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLRe

266、duceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site g

267、eneration(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/training

268、Plastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPl

269、astics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Co

270、nventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingNorway has long established sustainability taxation at the national level.The main focus for several years has been on car emissions,for example,the VAT exemption on electric cars,leading to 64%of new

271、cars purchased in Norway in 2021 being electric.Changes from 2023 have,however,limited the exemption for VAT to values below NOK500,000.The recent focus is on carbon emissions related to the petrol industry and implementation of higher carbon taxes.The Norwegian government is actively working on mor

272、e measures.While not a member of the EU,Norway participates in the EU ETS and tends to follow the EU trends when it comes to sustainable taxation,often aligning national measures to EU initiatives.The Norwegian government has recently focused on how to cut emissions in transport,agriculture,waste,co

273、nstruction and civil engineering.These sectors are not part of the EU quota system and cutting emissions in the non-quota sector is largely the responsibility of each individual country.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 36Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:7 February

274、2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listPeruContact:David De La Torre,Carla Puente,Fernando Tori,Edwin SarmientoJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEn

275、vironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructur

276、eHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/u

277、tilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial

278、 and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy

279、(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs are still emerging in Peru with most existing measures occurring at the national level.Currently,the main government focus is promoting the swi

280、tch to energy produced from renewable sources and reducing the use of single use plastic bags,expanded polystyrene single use containers,and single use plastic wraps,plastic straws and containers.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 37Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:3

281、1 January 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listPolandEY Green Tax Tracker Page 38Contact:Kasia Klaczynska Lewis,Magdalena HilgnerJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverv

282、iewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)veh

283、icles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technolog

284、ies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and co

285、nsumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbin

286、es)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingPoland has well-established green policies regarding air emissions,packaging,waste,water and wastewater.Other policies and tax measures are emerging,for

287、 the most part to implement or respond to EU legislation(e.g.,the proposed plastic tax).Most green measures are established at the national level.There are a variety of incentives available in Poland for green investments,including grants,rebates,tax deductions and loans.Carbon pricing in Poland is

288、mostly influenced by EU legislation pertaining to the EU ETS.Country-level taxes are focused on energy,air emissions,packaging,waste,water and wastewater.Since Poland is at the beginning of its transition away from fossil fuels,the tax system remains dynamic to facilitate these changes.Taxes and sur

289、charges also depend on EU legislation.Poland is actively working on additional measures like a plastic tax and Extended Producer Responsibility fees.Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:25 January 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction li

290、stThe Philippines EY Green Tax Tracker Page 39Contact:Maria Margarita D.Mallari,Benjamin N.VillacorteJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConst

291、ruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation

292、(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics

293、and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics an

294、d packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventiona

295、l generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax policies are still emerging in the Philippines.There are several green taxes and exemptions available at the national level,taking the form of tax credits,special deductions,duties and fees a

296、nd other investment tax incentives for green investments.The Philippines government is currently considering new legislation that would underpin the release of additional tax sustainability mechanisms.Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:6 February 2023 J=Jurisd

297、ictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listPortugalContact:Amilcar Nunes,Jo o RibeiroJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruct

298、ion/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cog

299、eneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and

300、packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and pa

301、ckagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional ge

302、nerationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustainability tax programs have been increasing in Portugal over the past 10 years with a recent uptick in the number of initiatives.Most measures sit at the national level and are fairly consistent with those app

303、lied by other countries in the EU with a focus on carbon mitigation and low-emission initiatives such as support for battery electric vehicles.There are two different carbon taxes in Portugal,one that generally applies to CO2emissions mainly from the industry,building and transport sectors and one o

304、n air and sea travel.Portugal also participates in the EU ETS.There are also multiple fuel and environmental taxes.Portugal has implemented a tax on single-use plastic(or multi-material with plastic)packaging as of 1 July 2022.The tax is levied per package,completely or partially made of plastic(or

305、multi-material with plastic)to be purchased in to-go food regimes.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 40Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:19 January 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listRomaniaContact:Neagoe Daniela,Laura Ciobanu,Mihai Pe

306、tre JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeratio

307、n,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geotherm

308、al,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElect

309、ronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic

310、 wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSustain

311、ability tax programs are well established in Romania and continue to develop at the national level.A wide array of green incentives are available and green taxes,including a packaging tax,oil tax and tire tax were implemented many years ago.New taxes were introduced in 2017 on waste electrical and e

312、lectronic equipment and portable batteries and accumulators.Additionally,single-use plastic restrictions were recently implemented.The guarantee-return system(GRS)for certain not reusable primary packaging will enter into force and will be functional starting from 30 November 2023.The deposit will a

313、pply to non reusable primary packaging made of glass,plastic or metal,with volumes between 0.1l and 3l inclusive,containing water,juice or alcoholic beverages.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 41Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:2 February 2023J=Jurisdictional level;

314、L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listSingaporeContact:Shuhui Toh,Johanes Candra,Sherilyn Chan JLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruct

315、ion/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cog

316、eneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and

317、packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and pa

318、ckagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional ge

319、nerationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSingapore has traditionally maintained sustainability tax incentives to encourage businesses to embrace sustainability.Singapores sustainability tax incentives mainly focus on energy efficiency,adoption of technolo

320、gy or solutions for reduction of carbon emissions and the adoption of alternative sources of renewable energies.These incentives are periodically renewed or updated to ensure that Singapore stays on track to meet its environmental sustainability goals in the face of accelerating climate change.Singa

321、pore was one of the first Asian countries to implement an economy-wide carbon tax in 2019.In the 2022 Budget,Singapore committed to raising the carbon tax from$5 per ton to$25 per ton in 2024,with a view to reaching up to$80 per ton by 2030.The proposed increase will take effect in 2023.The Singapor

322、e Green Plan 2030,released in 2021,includes whole-of-government measures to improve public sector emissions targets and new incentives in order to encourage development of Singapores competencies in food security,energy management and green finance.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 42Find the most current v

323、ersion of this tracker on Information current as of:12 February 2023 J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listSlovakia Contact:Juraj Lendak,Peter Feiler,Jana KolesarovaJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxe

324、sSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologi

325、esSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green p

326、roductsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity

327、 generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,wa

328、ste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingSlovakias sustainability tax programs are mature and well defined.To maintain its presence on the global sustainability s

329、tage,the Slovakian Government recently introduced measures to support transitioning to a low carbon economy,including efforts to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Slovakia does not currently have a carbon tax system,but the implementation of a carbon tax is under consider

330、ation.Slovakia participates in the EU ETS.There are also energy,transport and pollution taxes in effect at the national level.EY Green Tax Tracker Page 43Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:20 January 2023J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdicti

331、on listSouth AfricaContact:Johnathan FillisJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEnvironmental taxesSustainability incentivesOverviewCarbon pricingEnvironmental tax exemptionsJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy effic

332、ient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewabl

333、e energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and altern