1、Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 5A Global Digital Compact an Open,Free and Secure Digital Future for AllMAY 2023OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL2IntroductionCHAPEAU The challenges that we face can be addressed only through strong

2、er international cooperation.The Summit of the Future in 2024 is an opportu-nity to agree on multilateral solutions for a bet-ter tomorrow,strengthening global governance for both present and future generations(General Assembly resolution 76/307).In my capacity as Secretary-General,I have been invit

3、ed to provide inputs to the preparations for the Summit in the form of action-oriented recommendations,build-ing on the proposals contained in my report enti-tled“Our Common Agenda”(A/75/982),which was itself a response to the declaration on the com-memoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the

4、 United Nations(General Assembly resolution 75/1).The present policy brief is one such input.It elaborates on the ideas first proposed in Our Common Agenda,taking into account subse-quent guidance from MemberStates and over one year of inter governmental and multi-stakeholder consultations,and roote

5、d in the purposes and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations,the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international instruments.PURPOSE OF THIS POLICY BRIEFThe present brief proposes the development of a Global Digital Compact that would set out principles,objectives and acti

6、ons for advancing an open,free,secure and human-centred digital future,one that is anchored in universal human rights and that enables the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.It outlines areas in which the need for multi-stakeholder digital cooperation is urgent and sets out how a Global

7、 Digital Compact can help to realize the commit-ment in the declaration on the commemoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the UnitedNations(General Assembly resolution 75/1)to“shaping a shared vision on digital cooperation”by provid-ing an inclusive global framework.Such a frame-work is essen

8、tial for the multi-stakeholder action required to overcome digital,data and innovation divides and to achieve the governance required for a sustainable digital future.Our digital world is one of divides.In 2002,when governments first recognized the challenge of the digital divide,1 billion people ha

9、d access to the Internet.Today,5.3 billion people are digitally connected,yet the divide persists across regions,gender,income,language,and age groups.Some 89 per cent of people in Europe are online,but only 21 per cent of women in low-income coun-tries use the Internet.1 While digitally deliverable

10、 services now account for almost two thirds of global services trade,access is unaffordable in some parts of the world.The cost of a smart-phone in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa is OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL3more than

11、40 per cent of the average monthly income,and African users pay more than three times the global average for mobile data.2 Fewer than half of the worlds countries track digital skills,and the data that exist highlight the depth of digital learning gaps.3 Two decades after the World Summit on the Inf

12、ormation Society,the dig-ital divide is still a gulf.Data divides are also growing.As data are col-lected and used in digital applications,they gen-erate huge commercial and social value.While monthly global data traffic is forecast to grow by more than 400 per cent by 2026,activity is con-centrated

13、 among a few global players.4 Many developing countries are at risk of becoming mere providers of raw data while having to pay for the services that their data help to produce.The innovation divide is even more stark.Digital technologies have moved beyond the Internet and mobile devices into autonom

14、ous intelligent systems and networks,generative artificial intel-ligence(AI),virtual and mixed reality,distributed ledger technologies(such as blockchain),digi-tal currencies and quantum technologies.The wealth generated by these innovations is highly unequal,dominated by a handful of big platforms

15、and States.5 Inequality is rising.Enormous investments in technology have not been accompanied by spend-ing on public education and infrastructure.Digital technology has led to massive gains in productiv-ity and value,but these benefits are not resulting in shared prosperity.6 The wealth of those in

16、 the top 1 per cent is growing exponentially:between 1995 and 2021,they accounted for 38 per cent of the increase in global wealth,while the bottom 50 per cent accounted for only 2 per cent.7 Digital technologies are accelerating the concentration of economic power in an ever smaller group of elites

17、 and companies:the combined wealth of technology billionaires,$2.1 trillion in 2022,is greater than the annual gross domestic product of more than half of the Group of 20 economies.8 Behind these divides is a massive governance gap.New technologies are lacking even basic guardrails.It is harder to b

18、ring a soft toy than an AI chatbot to market today.Because such digital technologies are privately developed,Governments are constantly lagging behind in regulating them in the public interest.As a result of decades of underinvestment in State capaci-ties,public institutions in most countries are il

19、l-equipped to assess and respond to digital chal-lenges.Very few can compete with private actors to harness talent and offer incentives to digitally skilled people to work in the public sector.Public administrations are being hollowed out at the time that they are most needed to support safe and equ

20、itable digital transformations.As was observed during the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,the use of digital technol-ogies has brought unparalleled opportunities for how we live,learn,work and communicate.It has also brought great harm through irresponsible and malicious use and criminal abuse

21、s,as well as negative unintended consequences and envi-ronmental impacts.With States vying for politi-cal and military advantage through technological dominance,the risks of destabilizing competi-tion,escalation,and accidents mount.Even as societies grapple with these threats,newer tech-nologies are

22、 raising fundamental questions con-cerning the features that make humans unique.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL420212022Affordability target of the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development (2 per cent)World1.9%1.5%Afric

23、aAmericasArab regionAsia-PacificCommonwealth of Independent StatesEuropeLow-incomeLower-middle-incomeUpper-middle-incomeHigh-incomeLeast developed countriesLandlocked developing countriesSmall island developing States6.5%5.0%2.6%2.4%1.2%1.0%1.5%1.4%1.1%0.9%0.5%0.4%11.4%9.3%3.2%2.8%2.1%1.5%0.5%0.4%7.

24、4%5.7%4.6%2.4%3.3%3.0%FIGURE IDISPARITIES IN AFFORDABILITY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SERVICES WORLDWIDE(2022)Data-only mobile broadband(2GB)basket prices as percentage of gross national income per capita,2021-2022.Source:International Telecommunication Union,affordability of ICT s

25、ervices.Available at www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2022/11/24/ff22-affordability-of-ict-services.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL5We urgently need to find ways to harness digi-tal technologies for the benefit of all.We ne

26、ed national and international governance arrange-ments that prevent their misuse.We must shape innovation in ways that reflect universal human values and protect the planet.Unilateral regional,national or industry actions are insuf-ficient:this cooperation must be global and multi-stakeholder to pre

27、vent digital inequalities becoming irreversible global chasms.I propose the development of a Global Digital Compact that would set out principles,objec-tives and actions to advance an open,free,secure and human-centred digital future,one that is anchored in universal human rights and that enables th

28、e attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.I outline three areas in which the need for multi-stakeholder digital cooperation is urgent.I set out how a Global Digital Compact can help to realize the commitment in the declaration on the commemoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Unit

29、ed Nations(General Assembly reso-lution 75/1)to shaping a shared vision on digi-tal cooperation by providing an inclusive global framework.Such a framework is essential for the multi-stakeholder action required to overcome digital,data and innovation divides and to achieve the governance required fo

30、r a sustainable digital future.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL6What does a shared vision on digital cooperation involve?A shared vision on digital cooperation requires collectively setting goals and pursuing action to safeguard

31、 and advance our digital future.CLOSING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE AND ADVANCING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSWe have already set ambitious goals for uni-versal and meaningful connectivity.The Kigali Declaration of 2022,agreed at the World Telecommunication Development Conference,details what that invol

32、ves:available,interopera-ble,high-quality and sustainable infrastructure;inclusive,affordable and secure coverage;and the capacity and skills for people to make full and safe use of connectivity.At the Transforming Education Summit held in September 2022,90 per cent of the 133 national commitments c

33、ontained references to digital learning and skills.Follow-up actions include initiatives to expand public digital learning opportunities for making free and open education resources accessible to teachers,learners and families in rural as well as urban communities.9 What is needed now is concerted a

34、ction to con-nect the remaining 2.7 billion people,more than 1 billion of whom are children and most of whom live in least developed countries;policy and finan-cial investments to make broadband and mobile devices affordable and reliable;and a global effort to strengthen digital learning and skills,

35、with tar-geted efforts for women,girls and young people,so that everyone can take full advantage of the opportunities of connectivity and employers and workers can adapt to digital transformation.Supply-side initiatives are not enough for a human-centred digital transformation.A demand pull is also

36、needed through the provision of digi-tal public goods and services that are meaning-ful for people and communities.Governments,including in the context of the Group of 20,and multi-stakeholder partnerships,such as the Digital Public Goods Alliance,are exploring options for developing digital public

37、infrastructure.These public goods harness huge amounts of data that,if safely governed and effectively used,can help countries to accelerate their development and advance the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.To enable schools,medical facilities,businesses and cultural insti

38、-tutions to pool resources and draw upon public data,digital public infrastructure must be open,inclusive,secure and interoperable.The capaci-ties of public administrations to manage and pro-vide digital services must be urgently built.As societies invest in these goods,a wealth of knowledge,best pr

39、actices and experience is being gathered.The task before us now is to create common frameworks and standards for digital public infrastructure and services,build multi-stakeholder partnerships for scaling up their provision and ensure that people and public servants have the skills and opportunities

40、 to use and create value from digital technologies.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL7DIGITAL PUBLIC SERVICES FOR FORCIBLY DISPLACED PEOPLELeaving no one behind also means putting in place robust and accessible arrange-ments for p

41、eople who have been forcibly displaced,currently numbering 103 mil-lion.The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is creating an accessible entry point for safely communi-cating their needs and accessing human-itarian services and is working with host communities and Government

42、s to ensure that forcibly displaced communities are included in the development and imple-mentation of digital public services.We must also nurture innovation for development in areas in which we are falling behind.We know the cross-cutting potential of digital technolo-gies to advance progress acro

43、ss the Sustainable Development Goals beyond quality education(Goal 4)and industry,innovation and infrastruc-ture(Goal 9).What we have not yet done is harness data at scale,make them globally accessible and use them to inform national and international development plans and programmes as well as publ

44、ic-private partnerships,e-commerce,tech-nological entrepreneurship and capital invest-ments.Progress towards achieving 41 per cent of the 92environmental Sustainable Development Goals indicators,for example,cannot currently be globally measured owing to a lack of interoperable data and standardized

45、reporting.Overcoming this fragmentation and adopting global environmen-tal data standards are critical to enabling action to address the triple planetary crisis.Networks,such as the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability facilitated by the United Nations Environment Programme,can help to

46、 promote common sustainability standards and access to environmental data and to align incentives for accelerating green transitions.Urgent investments are needed in“data com-mons”,which pool data and digital infrastruc-ture across borders,build flagship data sets and standards for interoperability

47、and bring together data and AI expertise from public and private institutions to build insights and applications for the Sustainable Development Goals.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL8FIGURE II GLOBAL DIGITAL COOPERATION AND THE

48、 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSDigital IDs linked with bank or mobile money accounts can improve the delivery of social protection coverage and serve to better reach eligible beneficiaries.Digital technologies may help to reduce leakage,errors and costs in the design of social protection programmes.D

49、rone technology can monitor crops and provide information on how much water is needed.Software systems available through mobile apps can monitor and analyse data to help farmers to decide when to plant,fertilize,irrigate and harvest their crops.Novel platform-based vaccine technologies and smart vac

50、cine manufacturing techniques help to produce greater numbers of higher-quality vaccines.Open-source platforms can help accelerate and scale up vaccine delivery.Accessible and affordable connectivity allows young people to use open,free and high-quality digital skills and training platforms.Smart di

51、gital platforms can be made accessible in local languages and used to align curricula with internationally recognized standards and certification.Connectivity enables women and girls to access information and communicate for their safety and development.It can allow girls to access support services,

52、learn about sexual and reproductive health and express their voices.Internet of things-based precision irrigation and leakage management systems enable the monitoring and management of water resources.In urban areas,artificial intelligence systems draw upon data such as rain forecasts and the number

53、 of rooftops to determine rainfall run-off.Next-generation digital networks have lower energy consump-tion,and smart grids can support electrification and more affordable connectivity.Artificial intelligence technology can be used for predictive maintenance of electrical utilities,enabling automatic

54、 backups and limiting downtime.Internet availability leads to more jobs.Labour force participation and wage employment increase in areas with Internet availability.Use of local-language videos and decision support applications on smartphones supports personalized advice resulting in better jobs.Mobi

55、le digital technologies are enabling high-quality communications infrastructure and networks to expand into underserved remote and rural areas.Data and artificial intelligence technologies can accelerate innovation and productivity in key sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing.Digital technol

56、ogies such as 3D printing,the Internet of things,big data,cloud computing and blockchain can support a circular economy and supply chain resilience,in particular in manufacturing industries.Digital public goods and applications such as mobile money are enabling access to financial and other services

57、 for all members of societies,including women and girls,rural communities and displaced people.Information and communications technology solutions can help to cut nearly 10 times more carbon dioxide than they emit.Digital technologies combined with ecological design can help to reduce natural resour

58、ces and other materials used in products by up to 90 per cent,lessening the impact of material extraction.Satellite imaging and machine learning can help find and collect the 5 trillion pieces of ocean plastic trash.Online portals and mobile-based tools can connect the plastics supply chain,track th

59、e flow of waste materials,and help create transparent digital marketplaces for plastic waste.Sensors and monitors connected to the Internet of things,cloud-based data platforms,blockchain-enabled tracking systems and digital product passports unlock new capabilities for the measurement and tracking

60、of environmental and social impacts across value chains.Public technologies and e-government services,where well designed and applied,enable people to access public services,reduce waste and corruption and create data that allow public institutions to target needs more effectively.Partnerships betwe

61、en States,private sector and civil society leverage the capacity of digital tools to provide solutions for development across the Sustainable Development Goals.Examples include the Digital Public Infrastructure Alliance,the Coalition for Digital Environmental Sustainability and public-private partne

62、rships for disaster response.Intelligent systems deploy information from remote sensors to guide traffic signals and maximize the efficient flow of commuters in urban areas.They can be used to design safe transportation for vulnerable and underserved communities.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GL

63、OBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL9MAKING THE ONLINE SPACE OPEN AND SAFE FOR EVERYONEWe have committed to applying human rights online and to putting in place specific measures to protect people and communities,in particular women,chil-dren,young people and older per

64、sons,persons with disabilities,Indigenous peoples and ethnic,religious and linguistic minorities.However,in every society around the world,harm is rampant.Open,safe and secure use of the Internet is slipping away from us potentially permanently.Government shutdowns of the Internet,data-fuelled State

65、 surveillance and predatory business models pose serious risks to human rights.Disinformation,hate speech and malicious and criminal activity in cyberspace raise the risks and costs for everyone online.United Nations processes addressing cybersecurity have identified norms of responsible State behav

66、-iour to help safeguard peace and security online and are exploring confidence and capacity-building measures to advance them.States are also explor-ing legally binding arrangements to tackle criminal threats as well as capacity for Governments and judiciaries to counter,investigate,prosecute and ad

67、judicate on cybercrime.Regions and States are putting in place legislation for online safety.Some digital platforms are investing resources in better detecting and responding to online abuse,and cur-ricula are being introduced to develop digitally liter-ate citizens capable of thinking critically an

68、d taking protective action.However,these approaches are proving insufficient to address harms.The onus for safety should not lie with users.Profiting from an online presence and access to users data must not become a race to the bottom in terms of corporate responsibility.We need transparency,accoun

69、tability,oversight and capacity to make the online space open,safe and secure.As the High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism has also emphasized,this must be a collective effort to ensure that regional,national or industry initiatives,however well-mean-ing,do not further fragment the

70、Internet.Action in four areas is essential.First,we must bal-ance the incentive for governments and industry to maximize data collection with principles and stand-ards for policies and practices that protect data and the right to privacy.Personal data should only be col-lected for specified,explicit

71、 and legitimate purposes,and their processing must be relevant and limited to what is necessary for those purposes.People need to be able to control their personal data and how the data are used.Public and commercial digital plat-forms need to enable meaningful choices for opting in and out,and peop

72、le need the knowledge and skills to avail of those choices.Second,we must apply the same safe design approaches and standards that we use across physical industries cars,food,pharmaceuticals and toys to digital technologies and platforms.Developing a shared understanding of what consti-tutes physica

73、l and mental harm based on universal human rights,and aligning safety standards across regions,countries and industries,can help to build a global culture of digital trust and security.Ethics and safety teams cannot be optional:technology companies must invest in standing capacities for responsible

74、development and risk management.Third,we must strengthen accountability for harm-ful and malicious acts online.The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights provide a frame-work for assessing risks and mitigating,and providing remedies for,harm when necessary.As highlighted in my forthcoming p

75、olicy brief on information integrity on digital platforms,given the transnational nature of digital platforms,transpar-ency and safety measures must be interoperable,and prompt redressal should not be reserved for a privileged few.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FRE

76、E AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL10Fourth,we must protect the global nature of the Internet and the physical infrastructure that under-pins it.10 The Internet is governed by long-estab-lished multi-stakeholder institutions.While legal and regulatory approaches may differ among jurisdic-tions,conce

77、rted efforts must be made to maintain active policy compatibility and the interoperability of the Internet.GOVERNING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR HUMANITYThe pace of digital technology development is chal-lenging our governance systems.Tools that worked well in the past public policy processes and le

78、gis-lation are too siloed to anticipate and too slow to respond to the multiple ways in which innovations affect us.Artificial intelligence developments show how dangerous this governance gap has become.Companies are racing to bring AI technology to the marketplace before outputs are explainable and

79、 reli-able and before their consequences have been com-prehensively assessed.Education is being trans-formed overnight.The ability to create believable content at scale and low cost is intensifying misin-formation and disinformation threats.The future of work may change without sufficient time for i

80、nstitu-tions to adapt.States may be incentivized to develop and deploy AI-enabled systems for data collection,judicial proceedings,surveillance and warfare with-out the guardrails in place to ensure that such uses are lawful.Introducing autonomy into weapon sys-tems without human accountability and

81、control may lead us into uncharted waters in terms of interna-tional security.The potential for escalation and for global harms that we cannot mitigate is alarming.Artificial intelligence holds immense potential for our economies,societies and the planet.Applied well,AI can increase efficiency,and s

82、upport resource managment,climate mitigation,disaster response and productive economic transformation.We are beginning to realize the scale of its disruptive potential,both positive and negative,but we have yet to come together to consider the issues,much less to collaborate on identifying risks and

83、 agile ways of mitigating them.I welcome the growing interest among AI experts on how best to govern the development and use of AI.We need a global,multidisciplinary conversation in order to examine,assess and align the application of AI and other emerging technologies.Over 100sets of ethical AI pri

84、nciples have been developed by dif-ferent stakeholders,and they share many common ideas,including the need for AI applications to be reliable,transparent,accountable,overseen by humans and capable of being shut down.11 Different stakeholders are adapting existing frameworks or developing new ones fo

85、r risk management and redress.They need to be harmonized and effec-tive across borders.Industry self-regulation is not enough.We need to bring stakeholders together in a meaningful effort to consider the implications of emerging technologies and ensure that they align with universal human rights and

86、 values before their widespread application in our societies,economies,militaries and politics.We also need to bend the arc of digital investment more towards solving societal problems and shared global challenges.Digital innovations,if consciously applied,can help to overcome obstacles to progress

87、on the Sustainable Development Goals,but only if they rest on a diverse global foundation.Without engaging global talent and diverse and represent-ative data sets,the application of digital solutions will not be sufficient to achieve the scale needed to advance the Goals.And without involving public

88、 administrations,small and medium-sized enter-prises and communities in crafting locally relevant applications,they will not have the impact that we seek.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL11A Global Digital CompactDigital technolo

89、gies today are similar to natural resources such as air and water.Our well-being and development depend on their global availabil-ity.Their potential can be optimized only through shared access and use.As much we are adapt-ing our stewardship of energy and water in the climate crisis,we must collect

90、ively address the risk of digital harms and maximize the potential for common good.Some of the most crucial parts of the digital space already function in this way.Internet protocols are managed through international frameworks and open standards.Much of the open-source software that enables these i

91、s community-stewarded.Information available on the Internet,such as the Digital Library of the Commons,is pro-vided through public networked arrangements.Not all of the public goods are available globally,and they are vulnerable to harmful attacks and neglect.As the High-level Advisory Board on Effe

92、ctive Multilateralism notes,we have yet to put in place a global framework in which States and non-State actors participate fully in shaping our shared digital space and which promotes and supports interoperable governance across digital domains.Until we do so,our responses to digital challenges wil

93、l be incomplete.The United Nations is only one actor in this fir-mament,but it is the only global entity that can convene and facilitate the collaboration needed.The Organization must meet its responsibilities to support governments,companies,experts and civil society in engaging effectively,through

94、 data gathering,the sharing of best practices and,where requested,technical assistance.It must lead by example in breaking down the silos of digital activity and building capacities across the three pillars of the Organization:peace and secu-rity,human rights and sustainable development.VISION,PURPO

95、SE AND SCOPEA Global Digital Compact would articulate a shared vision of an open,free,secure and human-centred digital future that rests on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda.The purpose of the Compact would

96、be to advance multi-stakeholder cooperation in order to achieve this vision.It would articulate shared principles and objectives and identify concrete actions for their implementation.It would estab-lish a global framework for bringing together and leveraging existing digital cooperation pro-cesses

97、to support dialogue and collaboration among regional,national,industry and expert organizations and platforms,according to their respective mandates and competencies,and facilitate new governance arrangements where needed.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SEC

98、URE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL12The Compact would be initiated and led by Member States with the full participation of other stakeholders.Its implementation would be open to all relevant stakeholders,including digital platforms,private sector actors,digital technology-focused coalitions and civil soci-e

99、ty organizations.Endorsing its principles and objectives and committing to the alignment of respective policies and practices with these would be requirements for participation in its implementation.OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONSThe Compact should set out principles and objec-tives for multi-stakeholder act

100、ion.The principles set out in the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society of 2005 and important multi-stakeholder processes that have emerged since then offer a good foundation on which to build.FIGURE III EXISTING PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACTCONSENSUS-ORIENTEDPEOPLE-CENTREDSourc

101、es:NETmundial Multistakeholder Statement;High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation;the Rights,Openness,Accessibility to all,Multi-stakeholder Participation principles of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization;Tunis Agenda for the Information Society.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLIC

102、Y BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL13Objectives could be aligned with the broad objec-tives or themes being explored in jointly facili-tated consultations.To support their practical implementation,the Compact should also iden-tify achievable and measurab

103、le actions.Potential objectives and related actions could include the following objectives.A.DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY AND CAPACITY-BUILDINGI propose the following objectives:Close the digital divide to connect all people,especially vulnerable groups,to the Internet in ways that are meaningful and afford

104、able Empower people,through digital skills and ca-pabilities,to participate fully in the digital econ-omy,protect themselves from harm and pursue their physical and mental well-being and devel-opmentAccordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States should:Commit to putting in place policies

105、and new fi-nancial models to encourage telecommunica-tions operators to bring affordable connectivity to hard-to-reach areas Commit to strengthening or instituting public education for digital literacy and transdiscipli-nary skills and to incentivize lifelong learning for workersAll stakeholders sho

106、uld:Agree to common targets for universal and meaningful connectivity and commit to track-ing progress against them12 Commit to extending the connectivity mapping and building currently being undertaken for schools to medical facilities and relevant pub-lic institutions Commit to coordinating action

107、s,subsidies and incentives for digital technical and vocational training and public access facilities,in particu-lar for women and girls and people living in rural areas Set the target of creating 1 million“digital champions”for the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030,a quarter of them in Africa,b

108、y creating a capacity development network that leverages existing initiatives to pool training content,trainers and case studies,develop common competency frameworks and deliver a Digital for Sustainable Development Goals training standardMultilateral organizations should:Set a revised target of$100

109、 billion for pledges to the Partner2Connect Digital Coalition by 2030(International Telecommunication Union)Accelerate efforts to connect all schools to the Internet by 2030(Giga initiative of the Inter-national Telecommunication Union and the United Nations Childrens Fund)B.DIGITAL COOPERATION TO A

110、CCELERATE PROGRESS ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALSI propose the following objectives:Make targeted investments in digital public in-frastructure and services,and advance global knowledge and the sharing of best practices on digital public goods to serve as a catalyst for progress on the Sustain

111、able Development Goals Ensure that data are a force multiplier for pro-gress on the Goals by making data representa-tive,interoperable and accessible Pool data,AI expertise and infrastructure across borders to generate innovations for meeting the Goal targetsOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL

112、 DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL14 Develop environmental sustainability by design and globally harmonized digital sustainability standards and safeguards to protect the planetAccordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States should:Develop,with other stakeholde

113、rs,a framework of design principles that are based on best prac-tices,and a set of definitions for safe,inclusive and sustainable digital public infrastructure Build and maintain a global repository of expe-riences for digital public infrastructure and dig-ital public services Allocate an agreed per

114、centage of total inter-national development assistance for digital transformation,with a particular focus on pub-lic administration capacity-buildingAll stakeholders should:Commit to completing the identification of gaps in Sustainable Development Goal data and make 90 per cent of Goal tracking data

115、 available and publicly accessible by 2030 Commit to fostering open and accessible data ecosystems that enable earlier,faster and more targeted disaster mitigation and crisis response,including through the Complex Risk Analytics Fund of the United Nations and the Systematic Observations Financing Fa

116、cility of the World Meteorological Organization Create collaborative research initiatives for data and AI applications for the Goals in priority areas such as agriculture,education,energy,health and green transitions13 Commit to building a global online resource of trusted and open environmental dat

117、a for researchers and policymakers,together with the necessary licences,quality standards,in-frastructure and safeguards to support green digital transformationMultilateral and regional organizations should:Establish pooled financing mechanisms to sup-port governments in planning and designing digit

118、al public infrastructure and services Expand voluntary purpose codes of the Devel-opment Assistance Committee of the Organi-sation for Economic Co-operation and Devel-opment in order to track and report financing for data and digital transformation across all development sectors and Sustainable Deve

119、lop-ment Goals Utilize the common blueprint on digital trans-formations,to be devised by the United Nations as an end-to-end guide for digital development and as a tool for leveraging a new digital win-dow in the joint Sustainable Development Goals trust fund to assist country-led digital transfor-m

120、ation initiatives supported by resident coordi-nators and United Nations country teamsC.UPHOLDING HUMAN RIGHTSI propose the following objectives:Make human rights the foundation of an open,safe and secure digital future,with human dig-nity at its core End the gender digital divide by ensuring that o

121、nline spaces are non-discriminatory and safe for women and by expanding womens partici-pation in the technology sector and digital policy making Apply international labour rights regardless of the mode of work and protect workers against digital surveillance,arbitrary algorithmic deci-sions and loss

122、 of agency over their labourOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL15Accordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States should:Commit to establishing a digital human rights advisory mechanism,facilitated by the Office of the Uni

123、ted Nations High Commissioner for Hu-man Rights,that would provide practical guid-ance on human rights and technology issues,building on the work of the human rights mech-anisms and experts,showcase good practices and convene stakeholders to explore effective and coherent responses to legislative or

124、 regu-latory issuesAll stakeholders should:Commit to reflecting existing legal commit-ments in regional,national and industry policies and standards and take specific measures to protect and empower women,children,young people,older persons,persons with disabilities,Indigenous Peoples and ethnic,rel

125、igious and linguistic minorities to fully benefit from digital technologies In the case of Governments,employers and workers,commit to upholding labour rights,supported by the International Labour Organi-zation,and promote meaningful and equitable employment opportunities through innovative regulati

126、on,social protection and investment policiesD.AN INCLUSIVE,OPEN,SECURE AND SHARED INTERNETI propose the following objectives:Safeguard the free and shared nature of the Internet as a unique and irreplaceable global public asset Reinforce accountable multi-stakeholder gov-ernance of the Internet to h

127、elp harness its po-tential to advance the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and leave no one behindAccordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States should:Commit to avoiding blanket Internet shutdowns,which run counter to efforts to close the digital divide,and ensure that

128、 targeted measures are proportional,non-discriminatory and undertak-en only as necessary for transparently reported and legitimate aims and in accordance with in-ternational human rights law Commit,in the context of United Nations cyber-diplomacy processes,to refraining from actions that would disru

129、pt,damage or destroy critical infrastructure that provides services across bor-ders or the infrastructure that underpins the gen-eral availability and integrity of the InternetAll stakeholders should:Commit to upholding net neutrality,non-discriminatory traffic management,technical standards,infrast

130、ructure and data interopera-bility,and platform and device neutrality to sup-port an open,interconnected InternetE.DIGITAL TRUST AND SECURITYI propose the following objectives:Strengthen cooperation across Governments,industry,experts and civil society to elaborate and implement norms,guidelines and

131、 princi-ples relating to the responsible use of digital technologies Develop robust accountability criteria and standards for digital platforms and users to address disinformation,hate speech and other harmful online content Build capacity and expand the global cyberse-curity workforce and develop t

132、rust labels and certification schemes as well as effective re-gional and national oversight bodies Mainstream gender in digital policies and in technology design and ensure zero tolerance for OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL16ge

133、nder-based violence,in order to create a more equal and connected world for women and girlsAccordingly,I propose the following actions:All stakeholders should:Commit to developing common standards,guidelines and industry codes of conduct to ad-dress harmful content on digital platforms and promote s

134、afe civic spaces,as follows:Online safety commissioners from different jurisdictions should collaborate to develop shared understandings and best practices that respect freedom of expression and ac-cess to information while protecting against harm Social media platforms should commit to and put in p

135、lace co-regulation mechanisms,such as social media councils,that would ensure adherence to agreed standards across the industry.The standards underlying the mech-anisms could be based on the proposed code of conduct for information integrity on digital platforms and benefit from the discussions at t

136、he Internet for Trust Towards Guidelines for Regulating Digital Platforms for Informa-tion as a Public Good global conference or-ganized by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization Multi-stakeholder alliances,such as the Action Coalition on Technology and Innova-tion for G

137、ender Equality,should help to devel-op standard measurement of online violence against women and girls and methodologies to better measure,track and counter patterns of harm Childrens needs should be a priority for safety policies and standards,including with respect to age-appropriate design and ac

138、-cess,and platforms must share child-impact assessments and data with regulators and researchers14F.DATA PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENTI propose the following objectives:Ensure that data are governed for the benefit of all and in ways that avoid harming people and communities Provide people with the cap

139、acity and tools to manage and control their personal data,includ-ing options and skills to opt in or out of digital platforms,and the use of their data for training algorithms Develop multilevel and interoperable standards and frameworks for data quality,measurement and use,in full respect of intell

140、ectual property rights,to enable safe and secure data flow and an inclusive global economyAccordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States and regional organizations should:Legally mandate protections for personal data and privacy,based on,for example,the African Union Convention on Cyber S

141、ecurity and Per-sonal Data Protection and the European Union General Data Protection Regulation.Such pro-tections could:Empower citizens with meaningful and revo-cable consent and options in respect of how their data are used Supplement legal protections with independ-ent,publicly accessible ombudsp

142、ersons and other fiduciaries Consider the adoption of a declaration on data rights that enshrines transparency,to ensure scrutable data-driven decisions,interoperabili-ty and portability,and protections against be-haviour manipulation and discrimination Consider the call by the High-level Advisory B

143、oard on Effective Multilateralism to seek con-vergence on principles for data governance through a Global Data Compact in a new Inter-national Decade for DataOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL17All stakeholders should:Commit to de

144、veloping common definitions and data standards for interoperability,access to data according to type of data,and data quality and measurement and to their monitoring and enforcement Commit to enhancing agency and control by people over the use of their personal data,in-cluding opt-out choices,enhanc

145、ed interopera-bility,data portability and encryption options Consider the recommendation by the High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism on the multi-stakeholder development of a Global Data Compact for adoption by Member States by 2030G.AGILE GOVERNANCE OF AI AND OTHER EMERGING TECHNO

146、LOGIESI propose the following objectives:Ensure that the design and use of AI and other emerging technologies are transparent,relia-ble,safe and under accountable human control Make transparency,fairness and accountability the core of AI governance,taking into account the responsibility of Governmen

147、ts to identify and address the risks that AI systems could entail and the responsibility of researchers and companies developing AI systems to monitor,transparently communicate and address such risks Combine international guidance and norms,national regulatory frameworks and tech-nical standards int

148、o a framework for agile governance of AI,with an active exchange of lessons learned and emerging best practices across borders,industries and sectors In the case of regulators,coordinate across digital,competition,taxation,consumer pro-tection,online safety and data protection policies as well as la

149、bour rights,to ensure the alignment of emerging digital technolo-gies with our human valuesAccordingly,I propose the following actions:Member States should:Urgently launch,together with industry,a glob-al collaborative research and development effort to ensure that AI systems are safe,fair,accountab

150、le,transparent,interpretable,trust-worthy and aligned with human values.They should also consider mandating that a mini-mum percentage of investments in AI be allo-cated to AI governance and ensuring that AI systems are aligned with human values.In that respect,Member States should consider the reco

151、mmendation by the High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism that a fund be developed to incentivize research and pre-paredness on the existential risks that could arise from ungoverned AI evolution Establish a high-level advisory body for AI with-in the framework of the Global Data Comp

152、act.This body could include Member State experts,relevant United Nations entities,industry repre-sentatives,academic institutions and civil so-ciety groups that would meet regularly to con-sider emerging regional,national and industry AI governance arrangements.It could offer perspectives on how eth

153、ical,safety and other regulatory standards could be aligned,inter-operable and compliant with universal human rights and rule of law frameworks.The advisory body could publicly share the outcomes of its deliberations and,where relevant,offer recom-mendations and ideas on the governance of AI technol

154、ogies,including options for internation-ally agreed measures and standardsOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL18 Agree with industry associations to develop sector-based guidelines in order to ensure that technology developers and o

155、ther users have applicable,relatable guidance for the design,implementation and audit of AI-derived tools in specific settings.Relevant United Nations en-tities,such as the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization through its recommendation on the ethics of AI and the World He

156、alth Organization(WHO)through its Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health:WHO guidance,could support stake-holders in developing sector-specific due dili-gence and impact assessments Commit,together with technology developers and digital platforms,to reinforcing transparen-cy and

157、 accountability measures,including es-tablishing human rights and ethics teams and transdisciplinary and independent oversight boards,documenting and reporting cases of harm caused by AI systems,sharing lessons learned and developing redressal measures Commit to building cross-domain and multi-stake

158、holder regulatory capacity in the pub-lic sector,including judicial capacity as noted by the High-level Advisory Board on Ef-fective Multilateralism,to ensure that regula-tions and public procurement of systems based on AI and other emerging technologies ad-vance inclusion,safety,security and the pr

159、ompt addressing of risks as they arise Consider prohibitions on the use of technology applications whose potential or actual impacts cannot be justified under international human rights law,including those that fail the necessi-ty,distinction and proportionality testsH.GLOBAL DIGITAL COMMONSI propos

160、e the following objectives:Develop and govern digital technologies in ways that enable sustainable development,em-power people,and anticipate risks and harms and address them effectively Ensure that digital cooperation is inclusive and enable all relevant stakeholders to contrib-ute meaningfully acc

161、ording to their respective mandates,functions and competencies Agree that the foundations of our cooperation are the Charter of the United Nations,the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the framework of universally recognized human rights and international humanitarian law Enable regular an

162、d sustained exchange across States,regions,industry sectors and issues to support the learning of lessons and best prac-tices,governance innovation and capacities and to ensure that digital governance is contin-uously aligned with our shared valuesAccordingly,I propose the following actions:All stak

163、eholders should:Commit to sharing governance and regulatory experience,align international principles and frameworks with national measures and indus-try practices,improve regulatory capacity and develop agile governance measures to keep up with the rapid pace of technology Commit to taking forward

164、the principles,objec-tives and actions set out in the Global Digital Compact through a framework for sustained,practical multi-stakeholder cooperation as de-scribed belowOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL19IMPLEMENTATION,FOLLOW-UP

165、 AND REVIEWThe success of a Global Digital Compact will rest on its implementation.Different stakehold-ers would be responsible for implementing the Compact at the national,regional and sectoral levels,taking into account regional contexts and respecting national policies,mandates and com-petencies.

166、Existing cooperation mechanisms,especially the Internet Governance Forum and the World Summit on the Information Society,as well as United Nations entities,including ITU,the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,the Uni

167、ted Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Development Programme,would play an important role in supporting imple-mentation,providing knowledge on issues and sectoral information,guidance and practical expertise to facilitate dialogue and action on agreed obj

168、ectives.Such individual efforts,however,must be under-pinned by sustained,networked collaboration.Without that collaboration,we will not overcome the fragmented and irregular policy discussions that have characterized digital coordination to date.Without a transparent and account-able implementation

169、 framework,duplication of efforts will persist and policy and technical standard-setting functions will continue to be blurred across forums.We need a networked multilateral arrangement that supports the establishment of converging agendas,facilitates communication across different work areas and in

170、centivizes the participation of relevant policy actors and the alignment of norms and standards.Such a global framework is essential to support knowledge-sharing,best practices and the learn-ing of lessons on digital governance that can be translated into national and regional regulatory arrangement

171、s and industry standards.The High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism has proposed the establishment of a global com-mission on just and sustainable digitalization to meet those objectives.MULTI-STAKEHOLDER IMPLEMENTATION I share the view of the Advisory Boards that while a global fram

172、ework should be driven by Member States,the involvement of the private sector and civil society is essential.Their involve-ment is also critical to the development of the governance innovations that we need.An agile approach to multi-stakeholder implementation of the Compact is essential to avoid cr

173、eating bureaucratic structures that are too rigid and slow-moving.Examples of tripartite approaches include civil society participation in the confer-ences of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,the membership of private sector entities in ITU,the tripartite structure of the Inter

174、national Labour Organization and indus-try initiatives such as the Kimberley Process.Private sector participation should be inclusive and should reflect large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises as well as start-ups through representative bodies.This would ensure that narrow corporate i

175、nterests do not dominate the discussion and that innovative practices of smaller businesses to address risks and add value to Sustainable Development Goal acceler-ation efforts are highlighted.Digital technologies could be used to allow wider consultation,communication and infor-mation-sharing,espec

176、ially among civil society organizations.Opportunities for participation could be regularly reviewed so that the Compact implementation framework remains inclusive and keeps pace with technology developments.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUT

177、URE FOR ALL20Multi-stakeholder participation could be sup-ported by a trust fund that could,inter alia,spon-sor a Digital Cooperation Fellowship programme and civil society participation,as well as the maintenance of a United Nations portal.15 To support the input of young people,my Envoy on Technol

178、ogy and Envoy on Youth could draw on the proposed United Nations youth town hall.16A DIGITAL COOPERATION FORUMRegular assesment of the implementation of the Compact would be essential to keep pace with technology developments.The Summit of the Future,in establishing a Global Digital Compact,could ta

179、sk me to convene an annual Digital Cooperation Forum to support tripartite engage-ment and follow up on the implementation of the Compact.The Digital Cooperation Forum would support Member States and private sector and civil soci-ety stakeholders,as the High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multila

180、teralism also recommends,to:Discuss and review the implementation of agreed Global Digital Compact principles and commitments;Facilitate transparent dialogue and collabo-ration across digital multi-stakeholder frame-works and reduce duplication of effort where relevant and appropriate;Support eviden

181、ce-based knowledge and infor-mation-sharing on main digital trends;Pool lessons learned and promote cross-border learning on digital governance;Identify and promote policy solutions to emerg-ing digital challenges and governance gaps;Highlight policy priorities for individual and collective stakehol

182、der decision-making and ac-tion.The Digital Cooperation Forum would accom-modate existing forums and initiatives in a hub-and-spoke arrangement and help to identify gaps where multi-stakeholder action is required.Existing forums and initiatives,many of which are listed in annex I to the present poli

183、cy brief,would support the translation of Compact objectives into practical action within their respective areas of expertise.The Digital Cooperation Forum would help to promote communication and alignment among them and focus collaboration around the priority areas set out in the Compact.Internet g

184、overnance objectives and actions,for example,would continue to be supported by the Internet Governance Forum and relevant multi-stake-holder bodies such as the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers and the Internet Engineering Task Force.The recently established Internet Governance For

185、um Leadership Panel on Effective Multilateralism,in accordance with its mandate to enhance the impact of those bodies,could share Internet Governance Forum outputs in the Compact implementation framework,lever-aging relevant expertise from the Forums Multi-stakeholder Advisory Group.17The actions pr

186、oposed in the present policy brief to address governance gaps could strengthen the implementation of the Compact.Where relevant,they would support collaboration in priority areas,including in the preparation of the annual Digital Cooperation Forum.These include,for example,the digital human rights a

187、dvisory mechanism and initiatives in support of digital public infrastruc-ture and capacity development.A hub-and-spoke arrangement would also help stakeholders to identify and address gaps in multi-stakeholder cooperation,such as inter-national data and AI governance.The high-level advisory body on

188、 AI,for example,would facilitate a structured exchange of national and industry experiences to align AI development with human OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL21rights and values and to assist researchers and innovators with pra

189、ctical guidance on developing responsible and trustworthy AI.To support the preparation of the agenda of the Digital Cooperation Forum,I would establish a tri-partite advisory group drawn from a diverse and representative group of State,non-State and United Nations participatory stakeholders,buildin

190、g upon the experience of multi-stakeholder implemen-tation of the Road Map for Digital Cooperation.Membership would rotate every two years to enable the participation of diverse stakeholders and benefit from wide skills and perspectives.The preparation of the Forum could also include regional consul

191、-tations facilitated by United Nations regional eco-nomic commissions,in cooperation with regional organizations,so that the priorities and perspec-tives of different regional contexts are reflected in the agenda and the content of discussions.The commissions could also facilitate context-specific f

192、ollow-up and exchange.The Digital Cooperation Forum would be informed by an annual report provided by the United Nations Secretariat,building on input provided through a digital platform open to contributions from stake-holders and publicly accessible.The report would provide data-driven updates on

193、progress across actions agreed upon in the Compact and result-ing stakeholder initiatives.A live and accessible United Nations portal would provide a single entry point to access the wide range of United Nations data resources and tools now available on digital developments.The Forum would be action

194、-oriented and focused on assessing and communicating digital govern-ance progress and gaps,facilitating peer learning and exchange and distilling much faster than we do now key trends and challenges in emerging technologies.It would catalyse practical efforts such as a potential global network of di

195、gital reg-ulators cutting across regulatory domains.18 It would not seek to negotiate outcomes but rather to reflect,through accessible mapping,visuals and policy notes,19 where progress is being made and where we need to go.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND

196、SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL22Conclusion Almost four years have passed since the High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation published its report.More than two years have passed since the release of my Road Map for Digital Cooperation and Our Common Agenda,which outlined options for practical action to

197、 advance digital coopera-tion.The High-level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism has offered important new ideas.The time for talking about the need for digital cooperation has long passed.We need to focus on how we make this a reality.We need to act now,and with speed,if we are to recover t

198、he potential of digital technologies for the equitable and sus-tainable development that is slipping away from us and the planetary crisis that confronts us.We must work together if we are to restore the trust that unconsidered,irresponsible or malicious use of digital technologies has damaged in an

199、d among societies,the private sector and States.Furthermore,we must commit to sustained follow-up and review,so that agreed principles and priorities are translated into practice and we do not retreat into siloed debates.The ideas set out in the present policy brief are neither exclusive nor exhaust

200、ive.They can,how-ever,provide a basis for discussion and debate in the consultations on the Global Digital Compact that are currently under way.The United Nations system stands ready to assist,at the delibera-tions in the Summit of the Future,in considering those ideas and in exploring new ideas.Wha

201、tever directions we take,they must be towards con-crete and meaningful multi-stakeholder action if we are not to leave our planet,our people and our humanity behind.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL23FIGURE IV TIMELINE OF THE GLO

202、BAL DIGITAL COMPACTSeptember 2024:Summit of the FutureLate 2023-second quarter 2024Negotiations on the Global Digital CompactJune 2019Recommendations of the Secretary-Generals High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation2025:World Summit on the Information Society reviewSeptember 2020Declaration of the c

203、ommemoration of the 75th anniversary of the United NationsJanuary-May 2023Informal consultations with Member States and stakeholders undertaken by co-facilitators on a Global Digital CompactMay 2023Secretary-Generals policy brief on a Global Digital Compact:an open,free and secure digital future for

204、 allJune-August 2023Development of an issues paper based on the co-facilitated consultationsJune 2020Secretary-Generals Road Map for Digital CooperationFebruary 2022Consultations led by the President of the General AssemblySeptember 2021Our Common Agenda reportSeptember 2023Presentation of the issue

205、s paper at the ministerial meetingOUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL24Annex I:United Nations intergovernmental and multi-stakeholder digital cooperation bodies and forums with Member States and other relevant stakeholders The pres

206、ent list does not include United Nations programmatic initiatives to advance United Nations and/or multi-stakeholder coop-eration in specific issue areas,for example the Partner2Connect Digital Coalition of the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)to accelerate universal and meaningful connecti

207、vity in the hardest-to-connect communities.INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES ESTABLISHED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OR SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM Ad Hoc Committee to Elaborate a Comprehensive International Convention on Countering the Use of Information and Communications Technologies for

208、 Criminal Purposes(since 2021);Commission on Science and Technology for Development(annual since 2006 to serve,inter alia,as the focal point for system-wide follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society);Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Informa

209、tion and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security(six since 2004);ITU Plenipotentiary Conference and ITU conferences(every four years);World Radiocommunication Conference,World Telecommunication Development Conference and World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly;Group of G

210、overnmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems in the context of the objectives and purposes of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons(since 2016);Open-ended Working Group on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the

211、 Context of International Security(20192021);open-ended working group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies(since 2021);United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)Intergovernmental Group of Experts on E-commerce and the Digital Economy(since 2016

212、).OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL25MULTI-STAKEHOLDER BODIES ESTABLISHED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYInternet Governance Forum(annual,since 2005);multi-stakeholder forum on science,technology and innovation for the Sustainable Develo

213、pment Goals(annual since 2016 as part of the Technology Facilitation Mechanism;hosted by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat);World Summit on the Information Society,imple-mentation,follow-up and review processes(every 10 years,since 2005).MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FORUMS CONVEN

214、ED BY UNITED NATIONS ENTITIESBroadband Commission for Sustainable Development to promote universal connectivity and its working groups(since 2010,hosted by ITU and the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO);Action Coalition on Technology and Innovation for Gender Equ

215、ality of the Generation Equality Forum(since 2021,organized by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women(UN-Women);Forum on Business and Human Rights to promote dialogue and cooperation on business and human rights(since 2011,hosted by the Office of the United Nation

216、s High Commissioner for Human Rights under the guidance of a working group established by the Human Rights Council);World Summit on the Information Society Forum facilitating the implementation of its action lines for advancing sustainable development(since 2009,co-organized by ITU,UNESCO,the United

217、 Nations Development Programme and UNCTAD and the action lines co-facilitators);United Nations World Data Forum(since 2017,organized by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs).SELECTED MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY UNITED NATIONS ENTITIESArtificial Intelligence for Good Global Su

218、mmit(since 2017,organized by ITU and co-convened with Switzerland);Global Forum on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence(since 2022,UNESCO);International Forum on Artificial Intelligence and Education(since 2019,co-organized by UNESCO and China);Internet for Trust Conference(UNESCO in 2023);Tech aga

219、inst Terrorism(since 2017,Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate);UNCTAD eWeek(biennially since 2015);UNESCO digital learning week(since 2011);International Day for Universal Access to Information conference(since 2016,UNESCO).OTHER MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PLATFORMSThere are several other relev

220、ant multi-stakeholder forums,many focused on specific areas of digital cooperation,which are not reflected in the fig-ure.These include Christchurch Call,Committee on Data of the International Science Council,data.org,Digital Impact Alliance,Digital Public Goods Alliance,EDISON Alliance,Global Digit

221、al Health Partnership,Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence,Global Partnership for Action on Gender-based Online Harassment and Abuse,ICT4D Conference,Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace,RightsCon,as well as long-standing multi-stakeholder forums,in particular the Internet Corpor

222、ation for Assigned Names and Numbers and Internet Engineering Task Force.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL26FIGURE V UN INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND MULTI-STAKEHOLDER DIGITAL COOPERATION BODIES AND FORUMS Multi-stakeholder conferences o

223、rganized by United Nations entitiesIntergovernmental bodies established by the General Assembly or specialized agencies of the United Nations systemMulti-stakeholder forums convened by United Nations entitiesMulti-stakeholder bodies established by the General AssemblyBusiness and human rightsUNCTADe

224、weekIDUAIconferenceTechagainstTerrorismInternetfor TrustGlobalForumon Ethicsof AIAI forGoodSummitWSISForumForum on science,technology and innovationWSISITUconferencesWTDC,WRC,WTSAAd hocCommittee(cybercrime)IGF/IGF LPGGELAWSCSTDUNCTADIGE onE-commerceand DigitalEconomyBroadbandCommissionUnited Nations

225、 Data ForumUNESCOdigitallearningweekActionCoalitionfor GenderEqualityGGE/OEWGon intlcybersecurityAbbreviations:AI,artificial intelligence;CSTD,Commission on Science and Technology for Development;GGE,group of governmental experts;IGE,intergovernmental group of experts;IDUAI,International Day for Uni

226、versal Access to Information;IGF,Internet Governance Forum;LAWS,Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems;LP,Leadership Panel;OEWG,open-ended working group;WRC,World Radiocommunication Conference;WSIS,World Summit on the Information Society;WTDC,World Telecommunication Development Conference;WTSA,World Tele

227、communication Standardization Assembly.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL27Annex II:Selected United Nations documents on digital technologiesGENERAL ASSEMBLY Universal Declaration of Human Rights,resolution 217 A(III),December 194

228、8 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,resolution 2200 A(XXI),December 1966 Guidelines for the regulation of computerized personal data files,resolution 45/95,Decem-ber 1990 World Summit on the Information Society,reso-lution 56/183,December 2001 Science and technology for developmen

229、t,res-olution 58/200,December 2003(and subse-quent resolutions)The right to privacy in the digital age,resolution 68/167,December 2013(and subsequent reso-lutions)Transforming our world:the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,resolution 70/1,September 2015 Outcome document of the high-level meet

230、ing of the General Assembly on the overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society,reso-lution 70/125,December 2015 Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of interna-tional security,resolution 53/70,since 199

231、8(and subsequent resolutions)Impact of rapid technological change on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and targets,resolution 73/17,November 2018 Information and communications technolo-gies for sustainable development,resolution 76/189,December 2021 Countering the use of informat

232、ion and com-munications technologies for criminal pur-poses,resolution 74/247,December 2019(and subsequent resolutions)Declaration on the commemoration of the sev-enty-fifth anniversary of the United Nations,resolution 75/1,September 2020 Follow-up to the report of the Secretary-General entitled“Our

233、 Common Agenda”,resolution 76/6,November 2021 Effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Eth-nic,Religious and Linguistic Minorities,resolu-tion 76/168,December 2021 Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamen-

234、tal freedoms,resolution 76/227,December 2021 Strengthening national and international efforts,including with the private sector,to protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse,resolution 77/233,December 2022OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGI

235、TAL FUTURE FOR ALL28ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Prevention,protection and international co-operation against the use of new information technologies to abuse and/or exploit children,resolution 2011/33,July 2011 Socially just transition towards sustainable de-velopment:the role of digital technologie

236、s on social development and well-being of all,reso-lution 2021/10,June 2021 Open-source technologies for sustainable de-velopment,resolution 2021/30,July 2021 Assessment of the progress made in the imple-mentation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society,resolu

237、tion 2022/15,July 2022(and previous resolutions since 2006)Science,technology and innovation for devel-opment,resolution 2022/16,July 2022HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises,resolution 17/4,June 2011 The promotion,protection and enjoyment o

238、f human rights on the Internet,resolution 20/8,July 2012(and subsequent resolutions)The right to privacy in the digital age,resolution 28/16,March 2015(and subsequent resolutions)Rights of the child:information and communi-cations technologies and child sexual exploita-tion,resolution 31/7,March 201

239、6 Accelerating efforts to eliminate violence against women and girls:preventing and re-sponding to violence against women and girls in digital contexts,resolution 38/5,July 2018 New and emerging digital technologies and human rights,resolution 41/11,July 2019(and subsequent resolutions)Freedom of op

240、inion and expression,resolution 44/12,July 2020 Human rights of older persons,resolution 48/3,October 2021 Countering cyberbullying,resolution 51/10,October 2022 Neurotechnology and human rights,resolution 51/3,October 2022UNITED NATIONS TREATY BODIES Committee on the Rights of the Child,general com

241、ment No.16(2013)on State obligations re-garding the impact of the business sector on childrens rights,April 2013 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimina-tion against Women,general recommendation No.35(2017)on gender-based violence against women,updating general recommendation No.19,July 2017 Comm

242、ittee on the Rights of the Child,general comment No.25(2021)on childrens rights in relation to the digital environment,March 2021INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION International Telecommunication Union(ITU)Plenipotentiary Conference,Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunica-t

243、ion Union,1992 Resolutions adopted at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conferences,most recently in 2022 in Bucha-rest Resolutions adopted at the World Radiocom-munication Conferences,the next one to be held in Dubai in 2023 Resolutions adopted at the World Telecommu-nication Standardization Assemblies,most

244、re-cently held in 2022 in Geneva Resolutions adopted at the World Telecommu-nication Development Conferences,most re-cently held in 2022 in Kigali Radio Regulations and Revisions,Edition of 2020,World Radiocommunication Conferences OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FR

245、EE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL29 International Telecommunication Regulations and the World Conference on International Tel-ecommunicationsUNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage,October 2003 General Conference resolution 3

246、8 C/53 of 10 August 2015 endorsing the“ROAM”principles for Internet universality.Declarations and recommendations Windhoek+30 Declaration:Information as a Public Good,AprilMay 2021 Recommendation on the ethics of artificial in-telligence,November 2021 Recommendation on open science,November 2021UNIT

247、ED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Promotion of activities relating to combating cybercrime,including technical assistance and capacity-building,Commission on Crime Pre-vention and Criminal Justice resolution 20/7,April 2011 Strengthening international cooperation to combat cybercrime,Commission o

248、n Crime Pre-vention and Criminal Justice resolution 26/4,May 2017 Improving the protection of children against trafficking in persons,including by address-ing the criminal misuse of information and communications technologies,Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice res-olution 27/3,May 2

249、018 Declaration adopted at the Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice,A/CONF.234/16,March 2021WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY Digital health,resolution 71.7,May 2018WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Unified data policy,resolution 1,October 2021WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATI

250、ON SOCIETY(GENEVA AND TUNIS,20032005)Geneva Declaration of Principles,WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/0004 Geneva Plan of Action,WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/0005 Tunis Commitment,WSIS-05/TUNIS/DOC/7 Tunis Agenda for the Information Society,WSIS-05/TUNIS/DOC/6(Rev.1)OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPAC

251、T AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL30Annex III:ConsultationsThe present policy brief builds upon the founda-tion laid by the report of the Secretary-Generals High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation of June 2019,the Secretary-Generals Road Map for Digital Cooperation of June 2020 and the

252、 report of the Secretary-General entitled“Our Common Agenda”(A/75/982).It has benefited from interaction with different stakeholders representing Governments,inter-national organizations,civil society,including academia and youth,the private sector and the technology community.These consultations an

253、d meetings were held over nine months between June 2022 and March 2023,in person in Barcelona,Spain,Berlin,Brasilia,Brussels,Bucharest,Doha,Geneva,Kigali,Mexico City,Nairobi,New Delhi,New York,Riyadh,Tokyo,Valletta and Vienna,as well as online.The following United Nations entities contrib-uted input

254、s:Department of Economic and Social Affairs,International Labour Organization,International Telecommunication Union,Office for Disarmament Affairs,Office of the Secretary-Generals Envoy on Youth,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,United Nations Entity for Gender Equality

255、 and the Empowerment of Women(UN-Women),United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,United Nations Development Programme,United Nations Environment Programme,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,United Nations Population Fund,Office of the United Nations High Commis

256、sioner for Refugees,United Nations Childrens Fund,United Nations Industrial Development Organization,United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,World Food Programme,World Intellectual Property Organization,World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization.More than 80 stakeholders submit

257、ted inputs and 40 sup-plementary documents online.The inputs of the Internet Governance Forum Leadership Panel have also informed the policy brief.OUR COMMON AGENDA POLICY BRIEF 5:A GLOBAL DIGITAL COMPACT AN OPEN,FREE AND SECURE DIGITAL FUTURE FOR ALL31Endnotes 1 See International Telecommunication

258、Union(ITU),Measuring digital development:Facts and Figures 2022(Geneva,2022).2 Ibid.3 See Wiley,Digital Skills Gap Index 2021(New York,Wiley&Sons,2021),white paper.Available at https:/ See United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO),Industrial Development Report 2020:Industrializing in

259、 the digital age(Vienna,UNIDO,2020).5 The United States and China account for half of the worlds hyperscale data centres,70 per cent of global AI talent and almost 90percent of the market capitalization of the worlds largest digital platforms.See United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,Di

260、gital Economy Report 2021(UNCTAD/DER/2021).6 See Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson,Power and progress:our thousand-year struggle over technology and prosperity(New York,Hachette Book Group,2023).7 See Lucas Chancel and others,World Inequality Report 2022(World Inequality Laboratory,2021).8 See Forbes

261、,“Here are the richest tech billionaires 2022”,5 April 2022.9 See www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/report_on_the_2022_transforming_education_summit.pdf.10 For example,new undersea cables,which promise to connect more than 1.4 billion Africans,are owned by a handful of commercial actors.11 See UNESC

262、O,Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence(UNESCO,Paris,2022).Available at https:/unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137.12 Such targets could draw on those developed jointly by ITU and the Office of the Secretary-Generals Envoy on Technology and outlined in the background paper e

263、ntitled“Achieving universal and meaningful digital connectivity:setting a baseline and targets for 2030”(availa-ble at www.itu.int/itu-d/meetings/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2022/04/UniversalMeaningful DigitalConnectivityTargets2030_BackgroundPaper.pdf)and on tools such as the Internet uni

264、versality indicators of UNESCO(see https:/unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367617).13 The importance of such collaborative data and artificial intelligence“commons”has been noted in the report of the High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation of June 2019 as well as the report of the High-level Advi

265、sory Board on Effective Multilateralism of April 2023,in which the Board calls for a data impact hub for pooling data-related capacities across public and private sectors for greater resilience and more reliable provision of global public goods.14 The Child Online Protection Initiative of the Intern

266、ational Telecommunication Union,the child-centred digital equality framework of the United Nations Childrens Fund and the Standard for an Age Appropriate Digital Services Framework based on the 5Rights Principles for Children of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.could be usef

267、ul in that regard.15 A Digital Cooperation Fellowship initiative could draw on the model of the United Nations Disarmament Fellowship Programme.16 See Policy brief 3(A/77/CRP.1/Add.2).17 See the terms of reference of the Internet Governance Forum Leadership Panel,available at www.intgovforum.org/en/

268、content/terms-of-reference-for-the-igf-leadership-panel.18 One such example is the International Competition Network launched in 2001 in New York by antitrust officials from 14 jurisdictions.19 The International Monetary Fund and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have a long-standing tradition of such policy briefs.23-07759