1、替代性饲料原料成分评估Evaluation of feed substitute componentsPedro E.Urriola佩卓尤罗拉,University of Minnesota明尼苏达大学Jinlong Zhu朱进龙,明尼苏达大学Zhaohui Yang杨朝晖,NutribinsCME,2022大量使用豆油生产可再生柴油导致油脂价格上涨High use of soybean oil for renewable diesel has increased the price of oils and fats大豆油期货三月五月七月九月十一月三月五月养猪项目的经济评价Economic e

2、valuation of swine feeding programs盈利能力预测评估营养项目需要的信息复杂性饲料成本增重成本除去饲料成本盈利动态边际效益配方饲料成本饲料效率价格头均收入生产力投入的市场价值经济计算分析的例子Example of economic calculations饲料成本Feed cost:160美元/吨或者8美分/磅$160/ton or$0.08/lb增重成本Cost of gain:2.8$0.08/磅=$0.224/磅增重 2.8 x$0.08/lb=$0.224/lb gain除去饲料成本的收益IOFC:(revenue feed cost)收入=胴体重 x

3、单位胴体价格=213磅 Revenue=HCW x HCW price=213 lb x$0.70/lb=$149.10 饲料成本=料比日增重育肥天数饲料成本 Feed cost=F/G x ADG x days in finisher x feed cost,$/lb=2.8 x 1.80 lb/d x 130 d x$0.08/lb =$52.42 除去饲料成本的收益=$149.10-$52.42=$96.68/头 IOFC=$149.10$52.42=$96.68/pig两个饲喂方案的比较Comparison of two feeding programs日粮日粮A A（能量低）日粮（能

4、量低）日粮B B（能量高）（能量高）Diet A(low energy)日粮成本Diet cost$160/ton 增重成本Cost of gain(2.8)$0.224/lb gain 除去饲料成本后的收益IOFC$96.68/pigDiet B(high energy)$190/ton日粮成本Diet cost$0.237/lb gain增重成本Cost of gain(2.5)收入Revenue=223 lb x$0.70/lb=$156.10/pig 饲料成本Feed cost=2.5 x 1.90 lb/d x 130 d x$0.095/lb=$58.66/pig 除去饲料成本收益

5、Income over feed cost=$156.10$58.66=$97.44/pig除去饲料成本后的收益IOFC替代性饲料原料在猪日粮中的典型添加比例和遇到的问题Typical inclusion rates and issues with alternative feed ingredients in swine diets原料Ingredient添加比例Inclusion rates,%diet评论Comments含固体可溶物的玉米酒精糟Corn distillers dried grains with solubles10-30%成分和毒素含量变异Variability in c

6、omposition and mycotoxins油菜籽和菜籽粕Rapeseed&canola meals10-30%硫代葡萄糖苷、芥子碱和纤维Glucosinolates,sinapine,and fiber33%NDF32%NDF使用高纤维谷物副产物的挑战Challenges of feeding high fiber grain by-products当下：和可靠的供应商合作Immediate:work with trusted supplier长期：采用动态的能量评估模型Long term:adopt modern dynamic energy valuation models问题：能

7、量含量在不同来源原料中变异大Problem:Energy content varies among sources当下：使用最新的消化率和外源消化酶 Immediate:use of updated digestibility values and exogenous enzymes长期：通过体外发酵提高消化率Long term:increase digestibility by ingredient fermentation纤维降低粗蛋白和粗脂肪的消化率Fiber reduces crude protein and ether extract digestibility当下：实施市场撤回策略

8、Immediate:implement market withdrawal strategy长期：发现胃肠信号通路和捕获纤维的胃肠健康益处Long term:discover GI signaling pathways and capture gut health benefits of fiber增加胃肠道的重量和大小Increase size and weight of the gastrointestinal tract养分含量的变异Variation in nutrient content替代性副产物评价Evaluation of substitute coproducts2022李曼

9、中国营养研讨会Leman China Nutrition Workshop,2022用动态方程可以更准确的评估能量含用动态方程可以更准确的评估能量含量量Dynamic equations allows to estimate energy more accurately代谢能代谢能=-261+（1.05消化能）消化能）-（7.89粗粗蛋白）蛋白）+（2.47中性洗涤纤维）中性洗涤纤维）-（4.99粗粗脂肪）脂肪）ME,kcal/kg=261+(1.05 DE,kcal/kg)(7.89%CP)+(2.47 NDF)(4.99%Crude Fat)Urriola et al.(2014)净能净能

10、=-1,130.5+(0.27 总能总能)+(23.86 粗粗脂肪脂肪)(10.83 中性洗涤纤维中性洗涤纤维)NE,kcal/kg=-1,130.5+(0.27 GE,kcal/kg)+(23.86%Crude Fat)(10.83%NDF)R2=0.99 Wu et al.(2016)Fangzhou Wu预测方程足以评估高和中等含油量的酒精糟Equations are adequate for high and medium oil DDGS酒精糟DDGS预测代谢能Predicted MEkcal/kg日采食量ADFIkg/d日增重ADGkg/d饲料转化效率G:F胴体Carcasstra

11、its腹部肉Belly IV高油高油HIGH,14%3,2972.600.930.367无差异No difference76.4中等中等MED,10%3,2772.610.920.36572.0低油低油LOW,6%3,2502.650.920.35670.7赖氨酸的消化率因玉米DDGS的来源而异Digestibility of lysine varies among sources of corn DDGS标准回肠可消化氨基酸SID AA研究Studies观测数Obs平均值Mean最大值Max最小值Min变异系数CVLys23118 0.476 0.818 0.078 30.3 Met2211

12、6 0.430 0.678 0.232 18.6 Zhikai ZengZeng et al.(2017)不同来源玉米酒精糟中可消化赖氨酸含量的预测Prediction of the digestible lysine content among sources of corn DDGS标准回肠可消化赖氨酸标准回肠可消化赖氨酸=-1.03+(=-1.03+(赖氨酸赖氨酸0.88)-(0.88)-(中性洗涤纤维中性洗涤纤维0.003)0.003)SID Lys,%=-1.03+(Lys,g/kg 0.88)(NDF,g/kg 0.003)R2=0.98标准回肠可消化蛋标准回肠可消化蛋+胱胱=0.

13、05+(=0.05+(蛋蛋+胱胱0.92)-(0.92)-(中性洗涤纤维中性洗涤纤维0.005)0.005)SID Met+Cys,%=0.05+(Met+Cys,g/kg 0.92)-(NDF,g/kg 0.005)R2=0.99事半功倍Making more with less农业资源在猪上最佳升级利用评估Evaluation of agricultural resources for optimal upcycle in pigs后生元提取物提高了粗脂肪的表观回肠消化率Apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract increases in d

14、iets with postbiotic extract1.促进有益菌生长促进有益菌生长Stimulate bacterial growth乳酸菌Lactic acid producing bacteria纤维素分解菌Cellulolytic bacteria乳酸和短链脂肪酸Lactic acid and short chain fatty acid2.降低肠道降低肠道pH pH Decreased lumen pH抑制病原生长Inhibit pathogens增加矿物质的溶解性Increase solubility of minerals3.Enzymatic activity米曲霉产生的酶

15、Enzyme produced by Aspergillus oryzae细菌产生的酶Bacterial enzymesJinlong Zhu米曲霉发酵提取物增加消化能Digestible energy increases with supplementation of A.oryzae extractData are LSmeans SEM;AOP:Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic.通过真菌发酵提高高纤维原料的营养品质Improvement of nutritional quality of high fiber ingredients with fungal fer

16、mentation玉米湿酒糟玉米油二次发酵动物饲料真菌酵母酒精玉米干磨工艺结果亮点结果亮点Results highlights底物Substrate发酵结果Fermentation outcome米曲霉发酵米曲霉发酵A.oryzae fermentation湿酒精糟WDGS10-37%Lys,Arg and Thr concentration含量 71%phytate植酸磷19-30%Lys,Thr and Met digestibility消化率米曲霉发酵米曲霉发酵A.oryzae fermentation湿酒精糟+大豆皮WDGS+Soy hulls24-69%Lys,Arg and Thr

17、 concentration含量 54%phytate黑体8-12%-Lys,Thr and Met digestibility消化率米曲霉发酵米曲霉发酵A.oryzae fermentation湿酒精糟+前处理的大豆皮WDGS+PT-Soy hulls18-42%Lys,Arg and Thr concentration含量 75%phytate植酸磷9-17%Lys and Thr digestibility消化率Bo Hu现代畜牧业和粮食生产系统的循环性Circularity of modern livestock and food production systems(Shurson

18、and Urriola,2022)生物燃料可耕地面粉厂草地屠宰场重点总结Take home message饲料行业的长期转型Long term transformation of the feed industry:以更低的环境足迹升级循环更多原材料Upcycle more raw materials with lower environmental footprint转化饲料成分以提高其营养价值Transform feed ingredients to enhance their nutritional value短期生产实践措施Immediate term practices:更新原料成分值Updated ingredient loading values提高能量和养分的消化率Increase energy and nutrient digestibility with postbiotics and enzymes