1、THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S.CABLE PROVIDERS2022 NATIONAL,STATE,AND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT ESTIMATESSEPTEMBER 2023A report by2The economic impact of U.S.cable providers:2022 estimatescomprises over 2,000 international organizations,including leading multinational companies and financial institutions;k

2、ey government bodies and trade associations;and top universities,consultancies,and think tanks.SEPTEMBER 2023All data shown in tables and charts are Oxford Economics own data,except where otherwise stated and cited in footnotes,and are copyright Oxford Economics Ltd.This report is confidential to NC

3、TA and may not be published or distributed without their prior written permission.The modeling and results presented here are based on information provided by third parties,upon which Oxford Economics has relied in producing its report and forecasts in good faith.Any subsequent revision or update of

4、 those data will affect the assessments and projections shown.To discuss the report further,please contact:Alice Gambarin Valentyna Katsalap Oxford Economics 5 Hanover Sq,8th Floor New York,NY 10004 Tel:+1 646-786-1879ABOUT OXFORD ECONOMICSOxford Economics was founded in 1981 as a commercial venture

5、 with Oxford Universitys business college to provide economic forecasting and modeling toUK companies and financial institutions expanding abroad.Since then,we have become one of the worlds foremost independent global advisory firms,providing reports,forecasts and analytical tools on more than 200 c

6、ountries,100industries,and 8,000 cities and regions.Our best-in-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unparalleled ability to forecast external market trends andassess their economic,social and business impact.Headquartered in Oxford,England,with regional centers

7、in New York,London,Frankfurt,and Singapore,OxfordEconomics has offices across the globe in Belfast,Boston,Cape Town,Chicago,Dubai,Dublin,Hong Kong,Los Angeles,Mexico City,Milan,Paris,Philadelphia,Stockholm,Sydney,Tokyo,and Toronto.We employ 600 staff,including more than 350professional economists,in

8、dustry experts,and business editorsone of the largest teams of macroeconomists and thought leadership specialists.Our global team is highly skilled in a full range of research techniques and thought leadership capabilities from econometric modelling,scenario framing,and economic impact analysis to m

9、arket surveys,case studies,expert panels,and web analytics.Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate,financial and government decision-makers and thought leaders.Our worldwide client base now 3 CONTENTSExecutive summary 41.Introduction 61.1 Cable providers overview 71.2 Overview of downstream e

10、ffects 71.3 Cable programming providers overview 82.The economic impact of cable providers 92.1 The impact of cable providers on the U.S.economy 92.2 The impact of cable providers on jobs and wages 102.3 The impact of cable providers on tax revenue 113.Downstream impact of cable providers 124.The ec

11、onomic impact of cable programming providers 154.1 Cable programming providers impact on the U.S.economy 154.2 The impact of cable programming providers on jobs and wages 164.3 The impact of cable programming providers on tax revenue 185.Conclusion 19Appendix A:Methodology 20Appendix B:Economic impa

12、ct of cable providers by state 22Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional district 24Table of contents4Executive summaryEXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe U.S.cable industry helps to power the national economy by providing high-speed fiber-rich networks across all of America and by creating

13、high quality programming.Cable providers have,in the 20 years prior to 2022,invested some$310 billion in infrastructure,generating direct benefits in the economy as well as impacts in areas such as technical services,real estate,and repair&maintenance industries.This report,commissioned by NCTA,show

14、s that cable providers and cable programming providers had a significant impact on the U.S.economy in 2022 in terms of their contribution to GDP,the number of jobs they support,and the tax revenue they stimulate.KEY FINDINGSEstimated impacts of cable provider services in 2022:Providers of cable inte

15、rnet and TV services(“cable providers”)directly employed 263,000 workers,and directly generated$96 billion in GDP.In total,cable providers supported over 1 million jobs across the U.S.,which is greater than the workforces in 15 states.These workers earned$83 billion in income.Including all channels

16、of impact,cable providers supported the generation of$196 billion of U.S.GDP,equivalent to$1 in every$130 of GDP generated across the U.S.economy.Cable providers contribute to the economies of all 50 states and the District of Columbia,supporting at least 500 jobs within 96%of all congressional dist

17、ricts.The total economic activity stemming from cable providers supported almost$41.4 billion in taxes.263K direct,1m+totalJobs supported by cable providers$96 bn direct,$196 bn totalCable provider-supported GDP 5Executive summaryThe economic importance of U.S.cable internet service is also seen thr

18、ough the host of firms that depend upon and use cable-provided internet services as a key component of their business operations.This greatly expands the impact of cable providers on the economy.In 2022,the direct downstream impact of internet services provided by cable broadband providers amounted

19、to$132 billion in GDP and 549,000 jobs.Estimated impacts of cable TV programming in 2022:1 Cable programming providers directly employed 32,000 workers,generating$44 billion in GDP in the U.S.The total employment impact of cable programming providers across the U.S.amounted to 495,000 workers,earnin

20、g$46 billion in income.Cable programming providers supported the generation of$104 billion of GDP,equivalent to$1 in every$246 of GDP generated across the U.S.The total economic activity stemming from cable programming supported activities supported$16.4 billion in taxes.1 Since providers of cable p

21、rogramming are suppliers to cable broadband and TV providers,a portion of the total impact of cable programming is included in the total impacts of cable providers.As such,the total impacts for both providers and programmers as presented in this report are not additive.549,000Downstream jobs support

22、ed by cable broadband providers$132 bnDownstream GDP impact of cable internet services61.Introduction1.INTRODUCTIONHaving a fast internet connection at home opens up a world of opportunities;it is vital for learning,working from home,interacting with friends and family,and so much more.Over the past

23、 several decades,U.S.cable broadband providers have constructed high-speed networks spreading across all of America and continue to work on extending access to previously unserved homes.With cables dedicated determination to reach unserved communities,the objective of connecting all Americans to the

24、 internet is within reach.NCTA commissioned Oxford Economics to conduct an analysis of cables U.S.-based operations and the economic impacts that are felt all across the domestic economy.Cable broadband providers not only make high-speed internet available to approximately 85%of all U.S.homes,offeri

25、ng gigabit internet speeds in both urban and rural communities,but they also provide access to more than 200 TV networks and streaming video services,many created by cable programming providers,with a rich history of popular and award-winning television content.Having invested hundreds of billions o

26、f dollars in infrastructure and programming over the last several decades,cable providers commitment to powering the countrys digital economy is clear.The remainder of this section describes the components of the industry,as defined within this study.71.Introduction1.1 CABLE PROVIDERS OVERVIEWProvid

27、ers of cable internet and TV services(“cable providers”)offer broadband internet and entertainment products and services to residential and business consumers.Of the 88%of U.S.households estimated to subscribe to fixed broadband internet access at home,almost two-thirds subscribe to a cable provider

28、.2Most of the revenue of cable providers consists of fees paid by consumers and businesses for high-speed internet,multichannel video,voice,and mobile services.While revenue from multichannel video has declined over the past few years,the provision of services to businesses and residential high-spee

29、d internet has grown substantially,with mobile services increasingly providing a key source of additional growth.Cable providers also generate revenue from the sale of advertising.Cable providers have,between 2002 and 2022,invested some$310 billion in infrastructure,generating impacts in areas such

30、as technical services,real estate,and repair&maintenance industries.They also create economic impact in the entertainment industry,through their purchase of programming to show on their video services,and add value to the U.S.economy by providing broadband access for streaming services and other bus

31、inesses that use broadband as a production input.1.2 OVERVIEW OF DOWNSTREAM EFFECTSA host of downstream industry sectors depend upon and use internet services from cable providers as a key component of their business operations.This makes the cable-impacted share of the economy even larger than what

32、 is created through its direct activities and its purchases of goods and services.Wired and wireless telecommunications providers are naturally large purchasers of cable internet services,but industries such as hospitality leverage cable internet services to manage and streamline booking processes,w

33、hile also subscribing to cable television as a value-added amenity for their customers.Streaming video services,such as Netflix,Disney+,Peacock,and HBO Max also rely heavily on cable broadband networks as a way of delivering their programming to consumers.2 Federal Communications Commission,2022 Com

34、munications Marketplace Report,Fig.II.A.1,2022.81.Introduction1.3 CABLE PROGRAMMING PROVIDERS OVERVIEWProviders of cable programming produce entertainment,lifestyle,news and sports content,which is then distributed via cable video and broadband networks and other multichannel video programming distr

35、ibutors.Traditional cable programming includes the following types of networks:Basic cable channels,which include networks such as ESPN,TNT,USA,CNN,Nickelodeon,and FX.Premium cable channels,which offer specialized content beyond basic cable,including original series,movies,and special events(e.g.,HB

36、O,Showtime,Starz).Regional sports networks(RSN),which hold the broadcasting rights for regional sports.Some of the largest are Spectrum Sports,Bally Sports(previously Fox Sports),NBC Sports,and MSG.Major content producing companies,like Warner Bros.Discovery,Disney,NBCU,and Paramount also have creat

37、ed streaming platforms for online content delivery.However,in this report,as mentioned above,the effects of these streaming networks are generally captured as downstream services that use cable and other broadband providers as an input to reach their customers.3Most of the revenue generated by cable

38、 programming providers still comes from basic cable services.Across all three network segments,affiliate revenue(or licensing fees)generates most of the revenue,while for basic cable channels,advertising constitutes an additional important portion of the revenue stream.However,the breakdown of reven

39、ue among the types of cable programming providers has changed substantially over the last few years;last year,basic cable and RSN revenue contracted,while premium cable channels displayed a 10%annual revenue growth,continuing the trend of high growth from the prior year.4The success of cable program

40、ming relies upon the quality of the content.Because of this,cable programming providers invest heavily in content production and acquisition.In 2022,basic cable networks spent$33.8 billion on content,supporting upstream economic impacts with studios,producers,artists,and performers,as well as for th

41、e sports industry in the case of RSNs and some of the basic cable channels.53 Given that many cable programming providers also own streaming services,it is conceivable that some employment or output effects from these services could be captured here.However,programming providers generally keep strea

42、ming services separate as lines of business,and the data that is used in this report to estimate the output and employment effects of programming providers is meant to be limited to traditional cable networks.4 Estimates from Kagan,a division of S&P Global Market Intelligence.5 Ibid.92.The economic

43、impact of cable providers2.THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS6 Over and above cable providers,the wired telecommunications industry also includes other non-cable wired broadband Internet service providers(e.g.,fiber,DSL),direct-to-home satellite system(DTH)services,local and long-distance wired

44、telephone carriers,multichannel multipoint distribution services(MMDS),satellite television distribution systems,and VoIP service providers using their own wired telecommunications infrastructure.7 The expenditures within supply chains generate“indirect effects”in the economy,while the expenditures

45、by workers generate“induced effects.”See Appendix A for more detail about these concepts.2.1 THE IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS ON THE U.S.ECONOMYWith over 82 million cable broadband customers and tens of millions of video,voice,and mobile customers,cable providers directly created nearly$96 billion wort

46、h of GDP for the American economy in 2022.This represents over half of the GDP generated by all U.S.wired telecommunications carriers.6In addition to their direct impacts,the expenditures of cable providers within their U.S.-based supply chains also generates an enormous amount of economic activity

47、across all sectors and regions of the economy.In 2022,these supply-chain effects totaled approximately$54 billion of GDP.Moreover,the economic activity supported by the spending of the workers employed by cable providers and their supply chains generated a further$46 billion in GDP in 2022.7Combinin

48、g all channels of impact,cable providers contributed$196 billion to U.S.GDP in 2022.This is equivalent to$1 in every$130 of GDP generated across the U.S.economy.As the total economic impact of cable providers was two times the direct impact alone,the GDP multiplier was 2.0.That is,for every$1 of GDP

49、 generated by cable providers themselves,a further$1 of GDP is supported in other parts of the U.S.economy as a result of supply chain linkages and wage-funded spending effects.Fig.1.Cable providers GDP impact in the U.S.,2022Source:NCTA,Oxford Economics$billionsGDP$100$0$150$50$200DirectIndirectInd

50、uced$96 bn$54 bn$46 bn$196 bn$96 bnU.S.cable providers direct GDP contribution in 20222.0 xGDP multiplier of cable providers in 2022102.The economic impact of cable providers2.2 THE IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS ON JOBS AND WAGESCable providers in the U.S.employed 263,000 workers in 2022,accounting for

51、46%of the entire wired telecommunications industry workforce.These workers are estimated to have earned some$28 billion in labor income in 2022 and their average compensation was approximately 13%higher than the compensation of the average American worker and 14%higher than the average for all manuf

52、acturing workers.The supply chain expenditures of cable providers supported a further 351,600 jobs through the economy and wage-based spending supported an additional 397,800 jobs.Adding all the channels together,cable providers supported 1,012,500 jobs across the U.S.in 2022.These workers received

53、an estimated$83 billion in labor income.Fig.2.Comparison of average labor income by industry,202289+78+78+37Source:Oxford Economics,IMPLANAverage labor income($per worker)$0$120,000$60,000$107 kCable providers workersAll workersManufacturingRetail$94 k$93 k$44 kFig.3.Cable providers employment impac

54、t in the U.S.,2022Source:NCTA,Oxford Economics$billionsLabor income(left axis)Employment(right axis)$44k$0$100$10$20$30$40$50$60$70$80$90ThousandsDirectIndirectInduced$83 bn$26 bn$29 bn$28 bn1,012.5 k397.8 k351.6 k263.1 k01,2002004006001,000800112.The economic impact of cable providersCable provider

55、s spending creates jobs across the U.S.economy.For every individual directly employed by cable providers in 2022,2.8 additional jobs were supported in other areas within the U.S.a jobs multiplier of 3.8.This includes an estimated 350,000 information jobs,105,000 administrative jobs,and employment fo

56、r 74,000 healthcare and social workers.Fig.4.Total cable providers employment impact by industry,2022 82.3 THE IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS ON TAX REVENUEThe economic activity supported by cable providers sustained almost$41.4 billion in taxes at all levels of government in 2022.8 The industries listed

57、 in these table are based on categories in the North American Industry Classification System(“NAICS)2-digit codes.DirectIndirectInducedFig.5.Total tax contribution of cable providers$billionsState and local taxesFederal taxesTax contribution50%0%75%25%100%$25.6 bn$15.8 bn$41.4 bn300 k200 k100 k0350

58、k250 k150 k50 k400 kInformationAdministrative&support servicesHealth care&social assistanceArts,entertainment,&recreationProfessional,scientific,&technical servicesAccommodation&food servicesRetail tradeOther services(exc.public administration)Real estate&rental servicesFinance&insuranceOther indust

59、ries350,000105,00074,00065,00059,00054,00052,00048,00037,00036,000134,000123.Downstream impact of cable providers3.DOWNSTREAM IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS9 We cannot identify which industries purchase their wired telecommunications services from cable providers as opposed to other ISPs.To fill this gap

60、,we have used cable providers estimated share of the sector(50%when measured in terms of output)to estimate cables share of total wired telecommunications services spending.The economic importance of U.S.cable providers is even larger than what is supported through their direct activity,supply chain

61、 purchases,and the spending of their employees.In this section,we profile the downstream use of cable-provided internet services by other industries using input-output(IO)economic data similar to that used to calculate the upstream economic impacts described earlier.These IO data identify which indu

62、stries rely most heavily on cable providers based on those that spend the most(in absolute and relative terms)on wired telecommunications services.9In 2022,U.S.firms spent approximately$118.3 billion on wired telecommunications services,which include an estimated$58.6 billion spent with cable provid

63、ers.The types of companies that spent the largest amounts with U.S.cable providers were wireless and wired telecommunications carriers and satellite and telecommunications resellers.These same industries were also the ones that depended most heavily on cable provider services in relative terms,measu

64、red as the proportion of intermediate consumption spent with wired telecommunication carriers.Cable broadband services,however,are used in a host of other Fig.6.Top industries that purchase from U.S.cable providers,ranked by amountSource:IMPLAN,Oxford Economics$10$0$20$15$5$25TelecommunicationsFinan

65、ce&insuranceOther business sector servicesWholesale&retail tradeReal estatePublishing&broadcastingAccommodation&foodITMachinery&equipmentConstructionComputer,electronic,&optical productsFabricated metal productsTransportation&storageArts,entertainment,&recreationRubber&plastic products$18.9 bn$5.7 b

66、n$4.6 bn$4.5 bn$3.7 bn$3.5 bn$2.1 bn$1.8 bn$1.5 bn$1.3 bn$1.3 bn$1.1 bn$1.1 bn$1.0 bn$0.8 bn$billions133.Downstream impact of cable providersindustry sectors,as demonstrated by Fig.6.For example,the hospitality sector leverages cable internet services to manage and streamline booking processes,while

67、 also subscribing to cable television as a value-added amenity for their customers.This spending in turn supports jobs and economic activity within those downstream sectors,as it enables those sectors to operate more productively or provides opportunities for additional value added.For example,satel

68、lite and telecommunications resellers are estimated to spend 14%of their total intermediate consumption with U.S.-based cable providers,while wireless telecommunications carriers purchase 5%of their intermediate goods and services from the industry.This could imply that 14%and 5%of those industrys o

69、perations are directly dependent on cable-provided internet services.By applying this approach to every industry,we estimate that the direct downstream impact of cable providers in 2022 amounts to$132 billion in GDP and to 549,000 jobs.10 In terms of GDP,telecommunications is by far the most cable-d

70、ependent sector,followed by finance and business services(Fig.7).In terms of employment,the retail and hospitality sectors are major beneficiaries,with 68,000 and 48,000 cable-dependent jobs,respectively(Fig.8).These figures do not take into account the contributions made by sectors that do not dire

71、ctly purchase cable provider services but indirectly depend on and use wired telecommunications services.This could represent hundreds of billions in additional GDP,as well as hundreds of thousands of additional workers.A host of downstream market segments indirectly rely upon the services of cable

72、providers,including search engines,digital advertising agencies,and social networking sites.The internet services offered by cable providers are,therefore,an important contributing factor to the growth of these sectors.In addition,by being the main source of residential internet in the U.S.,cable pr

73、oviders indirectly enable the work of thousands of sellers on platforms like eBay,Etsy,and Craigslist,as well as the activity of hundreds of thousands of content creators(e.g.,YouTubers)and digital entertainers(e.g.,podcast creators).10 In this study,we only assess the value of the direct(or first-r

74、ound)downstream impacts of cable providers.While a methodology exists to calculate the full range of downstream multipliers(also known as Ghoshian multipliers),such an approach is only appropriate in limited circumstances,for example when assessing a fresh injection of a supply-constrained commodity

75、.In a supply-constrained economy,increased activity in one sector allows other sectors(that use its products as inputs)to expand.In addition,it is important to note that the upstream multiplier effects estimated in the previous sections of this report and the first-round of downstream impacts presen

76、ted in this chapter should not be combined into an all-encompassing“total impact.”These effects measure the impacts of different kinds of disturbances to the economy and,in choosing one or the other,we are making a judgement about the kind of economy being investigated.$132 bnDownstream GDP impacts

77、supported by cable providers in 2022549,000Downstream cable-dependent jobs supported by cable providers in 2022143.Downstream impact of cable providersFig.7.Cable providers direct downstream GDP impact,by sectorIndustryDownstream cable-dependent GDP($billions)Telecommunications$35.8Financial and ins

78、urance activities$13.8Other business sector services$13.6Wholesale and retail trade;repair of motor vehicles$12.3Real estate activities$9.2Publishing,audiovisual,and broadcasting activities$6.8Accommodation and food services$4.7Transportation and storage$3.8IT and other information services$3.5Machi

79、nery and equipment$3.1Human health and social work$2.6Computer,electronic,and optical products$2.6Construction$2.5Arts,entertainment,recreation,and other service activities$2.3Fabricated metal products$2.1Rubber and plastic products$2.1Other$10.9Total$131.8Fig.8.Cable providers direct downstream job

80、s impact,by sectorIndustryDownstream cable-dependent jobs(Thousands)Other business sector services78.4Wholesale and retail trade;repair of motor vehicles68.5Telecommunications49.6Accommodation and food services47.7Financial and insurance activities45.4Real estate activities36.4Transportation and sto

81、rage35.2Human health and social work34.4Arts,entertainment,recreation,and other service activities25.6Education21.3Construction13.7Machinery and equipment13.2Computer,electronic,and optical products12.4IT and other information services10.0Other57.2Total548.9154.The economic impact of cable programmi

82、ng providers4.THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CABLE PROGRAMMING PROVIDERS4.1 CABLE PROGRAMMING PROVIDERS IMPACT ON THE U.S.ECONOMYCable programming providers directly created nearly$44 billion of GDP in the U.S.in 2022.In addition to the direct economic impacts,expenditures by cable programming providers acr

83、oss their U.S.supply chains further generated$35 billion in GDP.Finally,the economic activity supported by the wage spending of workers supported another$25 billion in GDP in 2022.Across all channels of activity,cable programming providers contributed a total of$104 billion in GDP to the U.S.economy

84、 in 2022.This is equivalent to$1 in every$246 of GDP generated across the U.S.economy.The total economic impact of cable programming providers is equivalent to almost 2.4 times the direct impact.This GDP multiplier indicates that for every$1 of GDP generated by cable programmers,a further$1.40 of GD

85、P is supported across other U.S.industries as a result of supply chain expenditure and wage-induced spending.$44 bnU.S.cable programming providers direct GDP contribution in 20222.4 xGDP multiplier of cable programming providers operations in 2022Fig.9.Cable programming providers GDP impact in the U

86、.S.,2022Source:NCTA,Oxford Economics$billionsGDPDirectIndirectInduced$44 bn$35 bn$25 bn$104 bn$40$0$60$20$120$80$100164.The economic impact of cable programming providers4.2 THE IMPACT OF CABLE PROGRAMMING PROVIDERS ON JOBS AND WAGESWe estimate that cable programmers employed 32,000 workers in 2022

87、who earned over$13 billion in labor income across the U.S.In common with all other U.S.industries,cable programming providers employ both salaried and wage-earning workers.Some 21%of the workforce of cable programming providers are estimated to be made up of proprietors.Our analysis indicates that t

88、here is significant variability between average compensation of salaried or wage-earning employees and proprietors,with the former earning$168,000 on average,while the latter had a mean income of over$1.2 million per year.Given this discrepancy,Fig.10 compares only the salaried and wage-earning cabl

89、e programming provider employees with employees in other industry sectors and illustrates that cable programming providers pay salaries that are twice the economy-wide average and that are on par with electricity transmission and distribution and computer systems design services.Cable programming pr

90、oviders supported an additional 244,000 jobs across the U.S.economy as a result of their supply chain expenditures and 219,000 jobs through wage-supported spending.In total,cable programming providers supported 495,000 jobs across the U.S.,with these workers earning nearly$46 billion in labor income

91、 in 2022.Fig.10.Comparison of average employee compensation per wage and salary employee by industry,202297+93+91+87+82+46Source:Oxford Economics,IMPLANAverage employee compensation per wage&salary employee($per worker)Electric power transmission&distributionCable programming providersIndustrial gas

92、 manufacturingComputer systems design servicesRail transportationAll wage&salary employees$0$180,000$60,000$120,000$175 k$168 k$148 k$83 k$164 k$156 k174.The economic impact of cable programming providersFor each worker employed by cable programming providers in 2022,14.5 additional jobs were suppor

93、ted in other industries across the U.S.This employment footprint includes an estimated 97,000 creative industries jobs,87,000 information jobs,and employment for 41,000 healthcare and social workers.The fact that the highest number of jobs was supported in the arts,recreation,and entertainment secto

94、ra highly labor-intensive industryhelps contribute to this very large employment multiplier.Fig.12.Total cable programming providers employment impact by sector,20221111 NAICS 2-digit code.Fig.11.Impact of cable programming providers employment in the U.S.,2022Source:NCTA,Oxford Economics$billionsLa

95、bor income(left axis)Employment(right axis)$44k$0$50$10$20$30$4005000ThousandsDirectIndirectInduced$46 bn$14 bn$19 bn$13 bn494 k219 k244 k32 k80 k40 k0100 k60 k20 k120 kArts,entertainment,&recreationInformationHealth care&social assistanceAdministrative&support servicesProfessional,scient

96、ific,&technical servicesAccommodation&food servicesRetail tradeManufacturingOther services(exc.public administration)Transportation&warehousingOther industries97,00087,00041,00033,00030,00029,00029,00025,00024,00020,00081,000DirectIndirectInduced184.The economic impact of cable programming providers

97、4.3 THE IMPACT OF CABLE PROGRAMMING PROVIDERS ON TAX REVENUEThe direct,indirect,and induced economic activity supported by cable programming providers supported almost$16.4 billion in taxes at all levels of government in 2022.Fig.13.Total tax contribution of cable programming providers,2022$billions

98、State and local taxesFederal taxesTax contribution50%0%75%25%100%$6.4 bn$10.0 bn$16.4 bn195.Conclusion5.CONCLUSIONThe U.S.cable internet,TV and programming providers play an essential and powerful role in driving the national economy.In 2022,cable providers supported the generation of$196 billion of

99、 U.S.GDP,1,012,000 jobs,and more than$41 billion in taxes at all levels of government.These benefits were spread across the U.S.,with 96%of all U.S.congressional districts hosting more than 500 cable-related jobs(see Appendix C for more detail on employment by congressional district).The economic im

100、pact of cable providers also results from the fact that many industry sectors depend upon and use cable-provided internet services as a key component of their business operations.Our analysis shows that this direct downstream impact in 2022 amounted to$132 billion in GDP and 550,000 jobs,with the GD

101、P impact greatest in the telecommunications industry,and the retail and hospitality sectors among the largest beneficiaries in terms of employment.Cable programming providers supported the generation of$104 billion of U.S.GDP in 2022,supported almost 500,000 jobs,and generated more than$16 billion i

102、n taxes.As the internet has transformed peoples lives and the ways that they learn,communicate,and do business,cable providers will continue to play an integral role in the U.S.economy both by sustaining growth,job creation,and tax revenues,and also by supporting downstream industry sectors that dep

103、end upon and use robust cable-provided internet services.20Appendix A:MethodologyAPPENDIX A:METHODOLOGYECONOMIC IMPACT MODELINGEconomic impact modeling is a standard tool used to quantify the economic contribution of an investment,a company,or a sector of the economy.Impact analysis traces the econo

104、mic contribution of an investment or other spending through three separate channels:Direct impact:refers to activity conducted directly by the industry in the U.S.Indirect impact:consists of activity that is supported as a result of the purchase of goods and services by the industry in the U.S.,purc

105、hases by those companies in turn,and so on.Induced impact:reflects activity supported by the spending of wage income by direct and indirect employees.Fig.14.Channels of economic impactTOTAL IMPACTAdded together,these three effectsdirect,indirect,inducedcomprise the total economic impact of the compa

106、ny or sector.INDUCED IMPACTEmployees(including of the suppliers)spend their wages in the wider eonomy,generating more GDP,jobs,and tax revenues.INDIRECT IMPACTIt also spends money with suppliers who employ staff,generate GDP,and pay taxes.They use other suppliers in turn.DIRECT IMPACTA company emplo

107、ys staff and generates GDP and tax for the authorities.21Appendix A:MethodologyThe model captures the inter-industry relationships,consumer spending,and ripple effects that result from the economic activity of interest.The economic impact is measured in terms of:GDP:Value-added economic activity.Emp

108、loyment:Total jobs,measured on a headcount basis,including both wage and salary workers and the self-employed.Labor income:Total compensation(including benefits)for these workers.Taxes:Total taxes generated by the direct,indirect,and induced economic activity.Impacts were calculated using the IMPLAN

109、 economic impact software.12 IMPLAN is an industry-standard tool that collates government economic data from a variety of sources and streamlines economic impact calculations across different geographies.The national results presented in chapters 2,3 and 4 are based on an IMPLAN model built on the i

110、nputs provided by NCTA.The precise makeup of the industries operational spending by commodity type was sourced directly from IMPLAN in its 546 industry and commodity coding system.The national model inputs were split by congressional district based on the results of our original survey of cable prov

111、iders and based on IMPLAN county-level data for wired telecommunications providers.In order to map the county-level data to congressional districts,we used population weights from the Missouri Census Data Center(MCDC).The allocation of cable workers by congressional district was then computed throug

112、h an iterative process;whenever the survey yielded an employment figure that was greater or equal to the IMPLAN figure for wired telecoms,we used the survey at face value.For all other districts,we used IMPLANs proportional breakout of wired telecoms workers to allocate all the remaining cable emplo

113、yees.At this point,a new set of congressional districts resulted in survey results being larger than the estimated figure,and hence we repeated the same process as before,where we used the survey value in these cases.We continued to apply this approach until the survey responses of all congressional

114、 districts were smaller or equal to the estimated allocation.The state-level and congressional district-level total impacts were estimated by applying congressional district-specific output multipliers from IMPLAN to direct impacts by district and then aggregating results by state.The latest version

115、 of output multipliers in IMPLAN is for the 117th Congress.They were converted into those for the 118th Congress by applying population weights.The sum of subnational results was scaled to match the results from the national modeling.In other words,the sum of the economic impacts across all states(a

116、nd congressional districts)adds up to the total economic impact across the U.S.12 See .22Appendix B:Economic impact of cable providers by state APPENDIX B:ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS BY STATE StateTotal GDP(millions)Total employmentAlabama$1,89813,642Alaska$1,2038,575Arizona$1,5059,522Arkansa

117、s$9228,505California$12,85651,436Colorado$8,07859,605Connecticut$5,70315,834Delaware$8706,721District of Columbia$1,2303,070Florida$9,77272,569Georgia$12,15737,946Hawaii$1,0497,410Idaho$4414,803Illinois$3,59817,518Indiana$1,43815,435Iowa$1,76213,539Kansas$3,35816,234Kentucky$2,88621,568Louisiana$1,9

118、1012,129Maine$9818,676Maryland$2,0719,979Massachusetts$2,58016,863Michigan$3,15518,148Minnesota$2,81613,699Mississippi$6806,197Missouri$4,13232,328Montana$7155,290Nebraska$1,1868,347Nevada$1,3047,471New Hampshire$1,37010,10923Appendix B:Economic impact of cable providers by state StateTotal GDP(mill

119、ions)Total employmentNew Jersey$7,23630,533New Mexico$4415,230New York$14,78655,754North Carolina$7,95952,979North Dakota$4913,400Ohio$5,15428,624Oklahoma$2,91419,659Oregon$1,29310,160Pennsylvania$22,83649,580Rhode Island$7614,103South Carolina$3,02926,543South Dakota$7695,823Tennessee$2,33620,801Te

120、xas$18,64873,434Utah$1,5468,677Vermont$5544,542Virginia$3,81728,320Washington$2,45620,331West Virginia$1,0197,692Wisconsin$3,52419,864Wyoming$3473,277Total$195,5431,012,49324Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtAPPENDIX C:ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CABLE PROVIDERS BY CONGRE

121、SSIONAL DISTRICTCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentAK-01(Alaska First CD)$1,2038,575AL-01(Alabama First CD)$3542,550AL-02(Alabama Second CD)$1731,414AL-03(Alabama Third CD)$106783AL-04(Alabama Fourth CD)$139984AL-05(Alabama Fifth CD)$4473,754AL-06(Alabama Sixth CD)$4002,513

122、AL-07(Alabama Seventh CD)$2791,644AR-01(Arkansas First CD)$2051,775AR-02(Arkansas Second CD)$4584,402AR-03(Arkansas Third CD)$1761,546AR-04(Arkansas Fourth CD)$83782AZ-01(Arizona First CD)$2701,431AZ-02(Arizona Second CD)$59499AZ-03(Arizona Third CD)$174999AZ-04(Arizona Fourth CD)$137663AZ-05(Arizon

123、a Fifth CD)$100539AZ-06(Arizona Sixth CD)$1831,768AZ-07(Arizona Seventh CD)$1601,418AZ-08(Arizona Eighth CD)$3361,584AZ-09(Arizona Ninth CD)$87621CA-01(California First CD)$2011,437CA-02(California Second CD)$3052,275CA-03(California Third CD)$1741,578CA-04(California Fourth CD)$1951,269CA-05(Califo

124、rnia Fifth CD)$2221,342CA-06(California Sixth CD)$1081,411CA-07(California Seventh CD)$1091,42225Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentCA-08(California Eighth CD)$5062,055CA-09(California Ninth CD)$144747CA

125、-10(California Tenth CD)$7472,641CA-11(California Eleventh CD)$7312,559CA-12(California Twelfth CD)$2161,015CA-13(California Thirteenth CD)$146748CA-14(California Fourteenth CD)$4061,003CA-15(California Fifteenth CD)$4781,601CA-16(California Sixteenth CD)$521889CA-17(California Seventeenth CD)$56973

126、9CA-18(California Eighteenth CD)$4041,161CA-19(California Nineteenth CD)$4361,322CA-20(California Twentieth CD)$130654CA-21(California Twenty-first CD)$168831CA-22(California Twenty-second CD)$96450CA-23(California Twenty-third CD)$71343CA-24(California Twenty_fourth CD)$3462,386CA-25(California Twe

127、nty_fifth CD)$141589CA-26(California Twenty-sixth CD)$1931,108CA-27(California Twenty-seventh CD)$141501CA-28(California Twenty-eighth CD)$136430CA-29(California Twenty-ninth CD)$190578CA-30(California Thirtieth CD)$175612CA-31(California Thirty-first CD)$187546CA-32(California Thirty-second CD)$212

128、735CA-33(California Thirty-third CD)$63313CA-34(California Thirty_fourth CD)$149457CA-35(California Thirty_fifth CD)$167789CA-36(California Thirty-sixth CD)$5071,835CA-37(California Thirty-seventh CD)$167566CA-38(California Thirty-eighth CD)$144437CA-39(California Thirty-ninth CD)$178758CA-40(Califo

129、rnia Fortieth CD)$280856CA-41(California Forty-first CD)$114504CA-42(California Forty-second CD)$144422CA-43(California Forty-third CD)$144426CA-44(California Forty_fourth CD)$144427CA-45(California Forty_fifth CD)$24973626Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongre

130、ssional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentCA-46(California Forty-sixth CD)$242740CA-47(California Forty-seventh CD)$244751CA-48(California Forty-eighth CD)$134513CA-49(California Forty-ninth CD)$165593CA-50(California Fiftieth CD)$205857CA-51(California Fifty-first CD)$3701,508CA-52(Cal

131、ifornia Fifty-second CD)$245969CO-01(Colorado First CD)$8784,554CO-02(Colorado Second CD)$1851,190CO-03(Colorado Third CD)$1601,660CO-04(Colorado Fourth CD)$8787,916CO-05(Colorado Fifth CD)$4816,495CO-06(Colorado Sixth CD)$4,67533,692CO-07(Colorado Seventh CD)$6333,296CO-08(Colorado Eighth CD)$18780

132、2CT-01(Connecticut First CD)$5143,018CT-02(Connecticut Second CD)$144979CT-03(Connecticut Third CD)$3971,889CT-04(Connecticut Fourth CD)$4,2689,218CT-05(Connecticut Fifth CD)$380729DC-01(District of Columbia First CD)$1,2303,070DE-01(Delaware First CD)$8706,721FL-01(Florida First CD)$6025,837FL-02(F

133、lorida Second CD)$1491,094FL-03(Florida Third CD)$120978FL-04(Florida Fourth CD)$2191,596FL-05(Florida Fifth CD)$2772,214FL-06(Florida Sixth CD)$1871,923FL-07(Florida Seventh CD)$7805,631FL-08(Florida Eighth CD)$2632,531FL-09(Florida Ninth CD)$1431,053FL-10(Florida Tenth CD)$9876,706FL-11(Florida El

134、eventh CD)$2041,474FL-12(Florida Twelfth CD)$1281,225FL-13(Florida Thirteenth CD)$2962,671FL-14(Florida Fourteenth CD)$1,70111,000FL-15(Florida Fifteenth CD)$3962,229FL-16(Florida Sixteenth CD)$1,0257,44227Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(

135、CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentFL-17(Florida Seventeenth CD)$1721,652FL-18(Florida Eighteenth CD)$4003,413FL-19(Florida Nineteenth CD)$2662,505FL-20(Florida Twentieth CD)$2441,448FL-21(Florida Twenty-first CD)$1201,088FL-22(Florida Twenty-second CD)$124735FL-23(Florida Twenty-third CD)$2381,5

136、01FL-24(Florida Twenty_fourth CD)$119660FL-25(Florida Twenty_fifth CD)$2411,416FL-26(Florida Twenty-sixth CD)$100624FL-27(Florida Twenty-seventh CD)$138893FL-28(Florida Twenty-eighth CD)$1351,031GA-01(Georgia First CD)$2261,822GA-02(Georgia Second CD)$2212,085GA-03(Georgia Third CD)$1901,718GA-04(Ge

137、orgia Fourth CD)$1,2903,025GA-05(Georgia Fifth CD)$3,7638,133GA-06(Georgia Sixth CD)$2,2545,864GA-07(Georgia Seventh CD)$1,0102,693GA-08(Georgia Eighth CD)$1441,201GA-09(Georgia Ninth CD)$4621,964GA-10(Georgia Tenth CD)$87713GA-11(Georgia Eleventh CD)$1,3904,081GA-12(Georgia Twelfth CD)$1901,545GA-1

138、3(Georgia Thirteenth CD)$7191,756GA-14(Georgia Fourteenth CD)$2101,345HI-01(Hawaii First CD)$7825,480HI-02(Hawaii Second CD)$2671,930IA-01(Iowa First CD)$2752,085IA-02(Iowa Second CD)$4423,278IA-03(Iowa Third CD)$7455,980IA-04(Iowa Fourth CD)$3012,196ID-01(Idaho First CD)$2272,250ID-02(Idaho Second

139、CD)$2152,553IL-01(Illinois First CD)$167545IL-02(Illinois Second CD)$2191,043IL-03(Illinois Third CD)$246786IL-04(Illinois Fourth CD)$18859228Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentIL-05(Illinois Fifth CD)$1

140、90628IL-06(Illinois Sixth CD)$272886IL-07(Illinois Seventh CD)$2851,158IL-08(Illinois Eighth CD)$211695IL-09(Illinois Ninth CD)$173581IL-10(Illinois Tenth CD)$89466IL-11(Illinois Eleventh CD)$2371,022IL-12(Illinois Twelfth CD)$2301,690IL-13(Illinois Thirteenth CD)$2581,792IL-14(Illinois Fourteenth C

141、D)$156735IL-15(Illinois Fifteenth CD)$2311,640IL-16(Illinois Sixteenth CD)$2001,441IL-17(Illinois Seventeenth CD)$2471,817IN-01(Indiana First CD)$1561,722IN-02(Indiana Second CD)$1261,439IN-03(Indiana Third CD)$2623,038IN-04(Indiana Fourth CD)$69827IN-05(Indiana Fifth CD)$105959IN-06(Indiana Sixth C

142、D)$1521,620IN-07(Indiana Seventh CD)$2972,450IN-08(Indiana Eighth CD)$1381,793IN-09(Indiana Ninth CD)$1331,587KS-01(Kansas First CD)$3201,987KS-02(Kansas Second CD)$2601,521KS-03(Kansas Third CD)$1,9787,584KS-04(Kansas Fourth CD)$8005,142KY-01(Kentucky First CD)$1431,088KY-02(Kentucky Second CD)$283

143、1,830KY-03(Kentucky Third CD)$1,66312,547KY-04(Kentucky Fourth CD)$3012,180KY-05(Kentucky Fifth CD)$2051,553KY-06(Kentucky Sixth CD)$2912,370LA-01(Louisiana First CD)$3661,915LA-02(Louisiana Second CD)$2181,382LA-03(Louisiana Third CD)$2261,413LA-04(Louisiana Fourth CD)$1691,172LA-05(Louisiana Fifth

144、 CD)$6483,822LA-06(Louisiana Sixth CD)$2832,42629Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentMA-01(Massachusetts First CD)$4964,415MA-02(Massachusetts Second CD)$2692,173MA-03(Massachusetts Third CD)$210993MA-04(

145、Massachusetts Fourth CD)$2661,551MA-05(Massachusetts Fifth CD)$3331,733MA-06(Massachusetts Sixth CD)$1941,205MA-07(Massachusetts Seventh CD)$3171,615MA-08(Massachusetts Eighth CD)$2241,193MA-09(Massachusetts Ninth CD)$2701,986MD-01(Maryland First CD)$1671,122MD-02(Maryland Second CD)$2411,086MD-03(M

146、aryland Third CD)$3441,389MD-04(Maryland Fourth CD)$128599MD-05(Maryland Fifth CD)$97533MD-06(Maryland Sixth CD)$2881,572MD-07(Maryland Seventh CD)$233929MD-08(Maryland Eighth CD)$5732,750ME-01(Maine First CD)$6966,142ME-02(Maine Second CD)$2852,534MI-01(Michigan First CD)$2782,298MI-02(Michigan Sec

147、ond CD)$135880MI-03(Michigan Third CD)$4622,798MI-04(Michigan Fourth CD)$1701,187MI-05(Michigan Fifth CD)$86575MI-06(Michigan Sixth CD)$2191,096MI-07(Michigan Seventh CD)$1771,059MI-08(Michigan Eighth CD)$4082,626MI-09(Michigan Ninth CD)$1761,084MI-10(Michigan Tenth CD)$1911,062MI-11(Michigan Eleven

148、th CD)$3651,460MI-12(Michigan Twelfth CD)$3411,426MI-13(Michigan Thirteenth CD)$147597MN-01(Minnesota First CD)$6303,889MN-02(Minnesota Second CD)$135775MN-03(Minnesota Third CD)$269932MN-04(Minnesota Fourth CD)$8433,482MN-05(Minnesota Fifth CD)$3261,135MN-06(Minnesota Sixth CD)$9443430Appendix C:Ec

149、onomic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentMN-07(Minnesota Seventh CD)$2261,321MN-08(Minnesota Eighth CD)$2941,728MO-01(Missouri First CD)$1,79710,843MO-02(Missouri Second CD)$9187,886MO-03(Missouri Third CD)$1191,147MO-04(M

150、issouri Fourth CD)$1051,067MO-05(Missouri Fifth CD)$6695,666MO-06(Missouri Sixth CD)$62659MO-07(Missouri Seventh CD)$2713,067MO-08(Missouri Eighth CD)$1921,994MS-01(Mississippi First CD)$1421,515MS-02(Mississippi Second CD)$2381,986MS-03(Mississippi Third CD)$1811,579MS-04(Mississippi Fourth CD)$119

151、1,117MT-01(Montana First CD)$3552,629MT-02(Montana Second CD)$3602,661NC-01(North Carolina First CD)$125799NC-02(North Carolina Second CD)$8525,074NC-03(North Carolina Third CD)$1101,178NC-04(North Carolina Fourth CD)$2601,652NC-05(North Carolina Fifth CD)$1121,109NC-06(North Carolina Sixth CD)$4424

152、,032NC-07(North Carolina Seventh CD)$2091,960NC-08(North Carolina Eighth CD)$60515NC-09(North Carolina Ninth CD)$127947NC-10(North Carolina Tenth CD)$1311,328NC-11(North Carolina Eleventh CD)$80870NC-12(North Carolina Twelfth CD)$1,1546,759NC-13(North Carolina Thirteenth CD)$3092,635NC-14(North Caro

153、lina Fourteenth CD)$3,98724,121ND-01(North Dakota First CD)$4913,400NE-01(Nebraska First CD)$2641,812NE-02(Nebraska Second CD)$7164,938NE-03(Nebraska Third CD)$2071,597NH-01(New Hampshire First CD)$9936,755NH-02(New Hampshire Second CD)$3773,353NJ-01(New Jersey First CD)$7185,850NJ-02(New Jersey Sec

154、ond CD)$2561,91031Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentNJ-03(New Jersey Third CD)$9414,254NJ-04(New Jersey Fourth CD)$5382,082NJ-05(New Jersey Fifth CD)$198894NJ-06(New Jersey Sixth CD)$5892,559NJ-07(New J

155、ersey Seventh CD)$1,6294,181NJ-08(New Jersey Eighth CD)$155846NJ-09(New Jersey Ninth CD)$141580NJ-10(New Jersey Tenth CD)$2891,014NJ-11(New Jersey Eleventh CD)$5601,530NJ-12(New Jersey Twelfth CD)$1,2214,833NM-01(New Mexico First CD)$2012,299NM-02(New Mexico Second CD)$1311,464NM-03(New Mexico Third

156、 CD)$1091,467NV-01(Nevada First CD)$150819NV-02(Nevada Second CD)$4273,036NV-03(Nevada Third CD)$142751NV-04(Nevada Fourth CD)$5852,864NY-01(New York First CD)$225696NY-02(New York Second CD)$202549NY-03(New York Third CD)$4941,398NY-04(New York Fourth CD)$5181,416NY-05(New York Fifth CD)$140392NY-0

157、6(New York Sixth CD)$3931,169NY-07(New York Seventh CD)$4271,106NY-08(New York Eighth CD)$182685NY-09(New York Ninth CD)$236645NY-10(New York Tenth CD)$5611,291NY-11(New York Eleventh CD)$3331,040NY-12(New York Twelfth CD)$1,3262,909NY-13(New York Thirteenth CD)$7581,185NY-14(New York Fourteenth CD)

158、$193564NY-15(New York Fifteenth CD)$163496NY-16(New York Sixteenth CD)$3271,095NY-17(New York Seventeenth CD)$3681,425NY-18(New York Eighteenth CD)$1,1564,595NY-19(New York Nineteenth CD)$4162,306NY-20(New York Twentieth CD)$1,9309,515NY-21(New York Twenty-first CD)$2611,33532Appendix C:Economic imp

159、act of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentNY-22(New York Twenty-second CD)$1,1455,803NY-23(New York Twenty-third CD)$3621,789NY-24(New York Twenty_fourth CD)$2411,161NY-25(New York Twenty_fifth CD)$1,6157,476NY-26(New York Twenty-six

160、th CD)$8143,710OH-01(Ohio First CD)$6282,770OH-02(Ohio Second CD)$93470OH-03(Ohio Third CD)$6213,312OH-04(Ohio Fourth CD)$132816OH-05(Ohio Fifth CD)$1751,146OH-06(Ohio Sixth CD)$136893OH-07(Ohio Seventh CD)$137680OH-08(Ohio Eighth CD)$4462,323OH-09(Ohio Ninth CD)$1771,126OH-10(Ohio Tenth CD)$6744,64

161、6OH-11(Ohio Eleventh CD)$3701,693OH-12(Ohio Twelfth CD)$3692,138OH-13(Ohio Thirteenth CD)$6843,704OH-14(Ohio Fourteenth CD)$2081,190OH-15(Ohio Fifteenth CD)$3051,714OK-01(Oklahoma First CD)$1,78611,604OK-02(Oklahoma Second CD)$1791,394OK-03(Oklahoma Third CD)$1781,349OK-04(Oklahoma Fourth CD)$111931

162、OK-05(Oklahoma Fifth CD)$6594,380OR-01(Oregon First CD)$2361,562OR-02(Oregon Second CD)$2442,294OR-03(Oregon Third CD)$1331,109OR-04(Oregon Fourth CD)$1961,697OR-05(Oregon Fifth CD)$1651,357OR-06(Oregon Sixth CD)$3182,141PA-01(Pennsylvania First CD)$1,1712,455PA-02(Pennsylvania Second CD)$2,8573,918

163、PA-03(Pennsylvania Third CD)$9,90616,320PA-04(Pennsylvania Fourth CD)$1,0122,775PA-05(Pennsylvania Fifth CD)$7431,838PA-06(Pennsylvania Sixth CD)$1,8293,994PA-07(Pennsylvania Seventh CD)$1,0433,82133Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Tota

164、l GDP(millions)Total employmentPA-08(Pennsylvania Eighth CD)$5431,973PA-09(Pennsylvania Ninth CD)$230895PA-10(Pennsylvania Tenth CD)$6331,942PA-11(Pennsylvania Eleventh CD)$246997PA-12(Pennsylvania Twelfth CD)$7652,113PA-13(Pennsylvania Thirteenth CD)$2751,013PA-14(Pennsylvania Fourteenth CD)$3131,1

165、08PA-15(Pennsylvania Fifteenth CD)$3571,407PA-16(Pennsylvania Sixteenth CD)$3991,741PA-17(Pennsylvania Seventeenth CD)$5131,272RI-01(Rhode Island First CD)$172960RI-02(Rhode Island Second CD)$5883,143SC-01(South Carolina First CD)$1851,594SC-02(South Carolina Second CD)$7426,071SC-03(South Carolina

166、Third CD)$1691,549SC-04(South Carolina Fourth CD)$1,1519,768SC-05(South Carolina Fifth CD)$2692,970SC-06(South Carolina Sixth CD)$2031,570SC-07(South Carolina Seventh CD)$3093,022SD-01(South Dakota First CD)$7695,823TN-01(Tennessee First CD)$2382,435TN-02(Tennessee Second CD)$6875,649TN-03(Tennessee

167、 Third CD)$1761,628TN-04(Tennessee Fourth CD)$108991TN-05(Tennessee Fifth CD)$3963,613TN-06(Tennessee Sixth CD)$2292,200TN-07(Tennessee Seventh CD)$2191,973TN-08(Tennessee Eighth CD)$86778TN-09(Tennessee Ninth CD)$1971,535TX-01(Texas First CD)$4832,801TX-02(Texas Second CD)$190871TX-03(Texas Third C

168、D)$7502,495TX-04(Texas Fourth CD)$4461,731TX-05(Texas Fifth CD)$9892,715TX-06(Texas Sixth CD)$3951,083TX-07(Texas Seventh CD)$167591TX-08(Texas Eighth CD)$196834TX-09(Texas Ninth CD)$15453534Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(mi

169、llions)Total employmentTX-10(Texas Tenth CD)$2631,048TX-11(Texas Eleventh CD)$1921,088TX-12(Texas Twelfth CD)$157623TX-13(Texas Thirteenth CD)$3191,887TX-14(Texas Fourteenth CD)$1971,155TX-15(Texas Fifteenth CD)$6783,740TX-16(Texas Sixteenth CD)$2,18112,978TX-17(Texas Seventeenth CD)$2441,155TX-18(T

170、exas Eighteenth CD)$253841TX-19(Texas Nineteenth CD)$3882,431TX-20(Texas Twentieth CD)$6162,284TX-21(Texas Twenty-first CD)$1,0303,688TX-22(Texas Twenty-second CD)$108502TX-23(Texas Twenty-third CD)$2531,076TX-24(Texas Twenty_fourth CD)$7861,936TX-25(Texas Twenty_fifth CD)$142664TX-26(Texas Twenty-s

171、ixth CD)$144458TX-27(Texas Twenty-seventh CD)$2281,278TX-28(Texas twenty-eighth CD)$192783TX-29(Texas Twenty-ninth CD)$176549TX-30(Texas Thirtieth CD)$1,3492,963TX-31(Texas Thirty-first CD)$97478TX-32(Texas Thirty-second CD)$1,3813,368TX-33(Texas Thirty-third CD)$7431,669TX-34(Texas Thirty_fourth CD

172、)$5713,182TX-35(Texas Thirty_fifth CD)$4561,440TX-36(Texas Thirty-sixth CD)$134643TX-37(Texas Thirty-seventh CD)$1,3855,114TX-38(Texas Thirty-eighth CD)$214755UT-01(Utah First CD)$1931,395UT-02(Utah Second CD)$3251,636UT-03(Utah Third CD)$4742,891UT-04(Utah Fourth CD)$5532,755VA-01(Virginia First CD

173、)$2111,545VA-02(Virginia Second CD)$4943,581VA-03(Virginia Third CD)$4252,711VA-04(Virginia Fourth CD)$1671,286VA-05(Virginia Fifth CD)$1531,49935Appendix C:Economic impact of cable providers by congressional districtCongressional district(CD)Total GDP(millions)Total employmentVA-06(Virginia Sixth C

174、D)$1991,276VA-07(Virginia Seventh CD)$88681VA-08(Virginia Eighth CD)$5065,408VA-09(Virginia Ninth CD)$1471,734VA-10(Virginia Tenth CD)$9183,855VA-11(Virginia Eleventh CD)$5094,742VT-01(Vermont First CD)$5544,542WA-01(Washington First CD)$2561,478WA-02(Washington Second CD)$2041,370WA-03(Washington T

175、hird CD)$3924,262WA-04(Washington Fourth CD)$1251,270WA-05(Washington Fifth CD)$4044,729WA-06(Washington Sixth CD)$1251,122WA-07(Washington Seventh CD)$2681,524WA-08(Washington Eighth CD)$147813WA-09(Washington Ninth CD)$2181,152WA-10(Washington Tenth CD)$3172,610WI-01(Wisconsin First CD)$145796WI-0

176、2(Wisconsin Second CD)$9505,111WI-03(Wisconsin Third CD)$3231,881WI-04(Wisconsin Fourth CD)$6623,479WI-05(Wisconsin Fifth CD)$202994WI-06(Wisconsin Sixth CD)$4422,626WI-07(Wisconsin Seventh CD)$153948WI-08(Wisconsin Eighth CD)$6484,029WV-01(West Virginia First CD)$6534,744WV-02(West Virginia Second

177、CD)$3662,947WY-01(Wyoming First CD)$3473,277Global headquartersOxford Economics Ltd Abbey House 121 St Aldates Oxford,OX1 1HBUKTel:+44(0)1865 268900London4 MillbankLondon,SW1P 3JA UKTel:+44(0)203 910 8000FrankfurtMarienstr.15 60329 Frankfurt am MainGermanyTel:+49 69 96 758 658New York5 Hanover Squar

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