1、Wissenschaft weltoffen kompakt 2019 Facts and Figures on the International Nature of Study and Research in Germany pdf-version with optional data-download for all figures: www.wissenschaft-weltoffen.de Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wis

2、senschaftsforschung Deutsches Zentrum fr Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung English edition foreign students in germany Foreign students at German universities fall into two distinct groups: Bildungsinlaender and Bildungsauslaender. Bildungs- inlaender are students of other nationalities who have

3、 obtained their higher education entrance qualification in Germany, while Bildungsauslaender are students of other nationalities who have obtained their higher education entrance qualification out- side Germany. Bildungsinlaender have usually lived in Germany for a long period and attended a German

4、school before going to university here, whereas Bildungsauslaender usually come to Germany primarily in order to study here. The central data basis on foreign students in Germany is the German Federal Statistical Offices statistics on students and examinations. These data are collected by universiti

5、es in accordance with statu- tory provisions, examined by the statistical offices of the federal states and passed on to the German Federal Statistical Office. 0,000000 41666,666667 83333,333333 Fig. 13 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); DZHW calculation The academic year is take

6、n as the basis for determining the number of students. Using this method, students of the winter semester 2017/18 are defined as students of the academic year 2018. 1 | Foreign students, Bildungsauslaender and Bildungsinlaender, since 2009 3 | Bildungsauslaender by type of mobility, since 2005, numb

7、er and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities 2 | German and foreign students by type of university in 2018, number and in % of all students at German universities TotalUniversities Universities of applied sciences (UAS) StudentsNumberin %Numberin %Numberin % German students2,470,3958

8、6.81,558,79885.7911,59788.8 Foreign students374,58313.2259,46114.3115,12211.2 Bildungsauslaender282,0029.9207,52811.474,4747.2 Bildungsinlaender92,5813.351,9332.940,6484.0 350,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 250,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Academic year51620092018 Bildungsinlaender 92,581 Bi

9、ldungsauslaender 282,002 Foreign students 374,583 17 2005201020152018 170,208 | 91.2% 16,448 | 8.8% 161,136 | 88.9% 20,113 | 11.1% 207,804 | 88.1% 28,054 | 11.9% 255,379 | 90.6% 26,623 | 9.4% 186,656 181,249 235,858 282,002 Studying for a degree in Germany: Yes No X Total foreign students in germany

10、 bildungsauslaender in germany 4 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by region of origin, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities 5 | Bildungsauslaender from the top 20 countries of origin, in 2018, number and in % of all Bildungs- aus laender at German universities Country of or

11、iginNumberin % China36,91513.1 India17,2946.1 Austria11,1303.9 Russia10,7953.8 Italy8,9083.1 Syria8,6183.1 Turkey7,6332.7 Iran7,5272.7 Cameroon7,3442.6 France7,2022.6 Ukraine7,0372.5 Bulgaria6,4702.3 Spain6,2012.2 USA6,1582.2 South Korea5,8432.1 Tunesia5,4451.9 Morocco5,2971.9 Poland5,0061.8 Indones

12、ia4,9381.8 Pakistan4,9281.7 Total282,002100.0 North America 7,210 | 2.6% Latin America 16,069 | 5.7% Total number of Bildungsauslaender at German universities 282,002 (including 304 students who cannot be classified by region) Western Europe 54,692 | 19.4%Eastern Europe and Central Asia 26,013 | 9.2

13、% North Africa and Middle East 44,842 | 15.9% Central and South Eastern Europe 34,527 | 12.2% Asia and Pacific 83,326 | 29.5% Sub-Saharan Africa 15,019 | 5.3% 6 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by type of degree and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities F

14、ig. 47 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis) Deviations from 100 % are due to rounding. The academic year is taken as the basis for determining the number of students. Using this method, students of the winter semester 2017/18 are defined as students of the academic year 2018. UAS =

15、Universities of applied sciences 6 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by type of degree and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German universities 7 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2018, by subject group1 and type of university, number and in % of all Bildungsauslaender at German

16、universities TotalUniversitiesUAS Numberin %Numberin %Numberin % Bachelors degree104,43637.058,48528.245,95161.7 Masters degree104,23137.082,15139.622,08029.6 PhD26,2659.326,24112.6240.0 Other degrees20,4477.318,7359.01,7122.3 Not studying for a degree26,6239.421,91610.64,7076.3 Total282,002100.0207

17、,528100.074,474100.0 TotalUniversitiesUAS Numberin %Numberin %Numberin % Engineering107,52638.168,70933.138,81752.2 Law, Economics and Social Sciences72,45525.745,74222.026,66935.8 Humanities33,23511.832,21715.51,0181.4 Mathematics, Natural Sciences29,95310.627,70513.42,2483.0 Medicine, Health Scien

18、ces14,8875.313,5486.51,3391.8 Art, Art History14,9865.312,3706.02,6163.5 Agricult., Forestry a. Food Sciences, Vet. Medicine6,2682.24,8772.41,3911.9 Other2,6921.02,3601.13320.4 Total282,002100.0207,528100.074,430100.0 foreign students in germany 8 | Bildungsauslaender, in 2013 and 2018, by federal s

19、tate, number and in % of all students in the relevant state 9 | Incoming Erasmus students, in 2017, by federal state, number and in % of all students in the relevant state bildungsauslaender in the federal states 20132018 Federal stateNumberin %Numberin % Changes in the numbers 20132018 in % Baden-W

20、uerttemberg29,8028.937,40910.325.5 Bavaria23,5127.138,6509.964.4 Berlin21,00413.131,17616.648.4 Brandenburg5,38710.46,62813.423.0 Bremen3,69510.64,49811.921.7 Hamburg7,0477.89,3118.632.1 Hesse18,4888.623,5049.027.1 Mecklenb.-W. Pomerania1,9244.83,1558.064.0 Lower Saxony11,9557.017,7178.548.2 North R

21、hine-Westphalia47,0117.364,3078.336.8 Rhineland-Palatinate8,2736.810,1948.323.2 Saarland3,36911.93,63111.67.8 Saxony11,0529.815,19913.937.5 Saxony-Anhalt4,9818.96,47511.930.0 Schleswig-Holstein3,0625.63,7996.124.1 Thuringia4,0827.76,34912.755.5 Total204,6448.2282,0029.937.8 Federal stateNumberin % B

22、aden-Wuerttemberg 3,97610.6 Bavaria 4,05310.5 Berlin 2,5728.2 Brandenburg 6249.4 Bremen 4409.8 Hamburg 7267.8 Hesse 1,3855.9 Mecklenb.-W. Pomerania 1875.9 Lower Saxony 1,1936.7 North Rhine-Westphalia 3,7465.8 Rhineland-Palatinate 9339.2 Saarland 2737.5 Saxony 1,2098.0 Saxony-Anhalt 2834.4 Schleswig-

23、Holstein 3017.9 Thuringia 3996.3 Total 22,3007.9 -30-20-5060 10 | German and foreign first-year students and graduates, in 2007, 2012 and 2017 number and in % of all first-year students or graduates at German universities 200720122017 First-year studentsNumberin %Numberin %Numberin % Germ

24、an first-year students297,33282.3399,62180.7390,67776.2 Foreign first-year students64,02817.795,46719.3121,74223.8 Bildungsauslaender53,75914.979,53716.1104,94020.5 Bildungsinlaender10,2692.815,9303.216,8023.3 GraduatesAnzahl Anteil in % Anzahl Anteil in % Anzahl Anteil in % German graduates256,8208

25、9.7373,76090.4449,00189.5 Foreign graduates29,57110.339,5789.652,73310.5 Bildungsauslaender23,7778.330,8067.541,7368.3 Bildungsinlaender5,7942.08,7722.110,9972.2 Fig. 8 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); DZHW calculation 2013 = WS 2012/13; 2018 = WS 2017/18. Fig. 9 Source: DAAD A

26、n academic year in the Erasmus+ statistics begins on June 1st of the prior year and ends on May 31st of the following year. 2017 = 1.6.2016 until 31.5.2018. Excluding placements. The proportions of all students relate to the winter semester 2017/18. Fig. 10 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany

27、 (Destatis) First-year students: The sum of the number of first-year students in a summer semester and the following winter semester is the number for the year. 2017 = first-year students SS 2017 + WS 2017/18. Graduates: An examination year includes the graduates of a winter semester and the followi

28、ng summer semester. 2017 = graduates WS 2016/17 + SS 2017. foreign first-year students and graduates foreign students in germany german students abroad On the topic of international mobility of German students or gradu- ates, a distinction is made between temporary study-related visits abroad as par

29、t of a domestic study programme (temporary study- related visits abroad) and study-related visits abroad with the aim of taking a degree abroad (degree-related international mobility). The findings on degree-related international mobility were collected by the German Federal Statistical Office in st

30、atistical offices abroad. However, these statistics do not only include German students aiming to obtain a degree abroad, because in some cases, unknown numbers of Erasmus students and other students on temporary study-related visits abroad are included in the data. Since there are no official stati

31、stics regarding the total number of temporary study-related visits abroad by German students, this can currently only be estimated on the basis of student and graduate surveys. The differences in the proportions of internatio- nal mobility between the various surveys are the result of differ- ent su

32、rvey periods, sampling and methodologies. However, official data is available relating to the subsection of temporary study or placement visits abroad as part of the EUs Erasmus programme. These Erasmus visits represent about one third of all temporary study-related visits abroad made by German stud

33、ents. 11 | German students abroad, since 1991 12 | Major host countries of German students abroad, in 2016 number and in % of all German students abroad Numberin % Austria 28,22019.6 Netherlands 21,95615.3 United Kingdom 15,77011.0 Switzerland 14,60910.2 USA 10,1697.1 China 8,1455.7 France 6,0074.2

34、Sweden 4,6203.2 Denmark 3,5542.5 Turkey 3,3632.3 Hungary3,2322.2 Spain 2,7561.9 Canada 1,8271.3 Greece1,6371.1 Portugal1,6221.1 Italy1,4121.0 Norway1,3060.9 Poland 1,2390.9 Australia1,2020.8 Romania1,1870.8 Total143,853100 905070911151301 175,000 150,000 125,000 100,000 75,000 50,000 25,0

35、00 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 34,000 137,900 139,700 144,900 139,100 55 54 5555 58 20 135,400 16 German students abroad for every 1,000 domestic studentsGerman students abroad degree-related international mobility Fig. 11 From 2010 including results of the Destatis survey on doctoral students. Fig. 11

36、, 12 Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany (Destatis); country-specific reference periods german students abroad 13 | German students in later semesters with study-related visits abroad, in 2015 and 2017, by type of university and type of degree in % of all students in later semesters 14 | Germ

37、an students with study-related visits abroad, since 2007, by major types of visit in % of all internationally mobile German students 15 | Major host countries of German students for study-related visits abroad, in 2017, in % in % United Kingdom 12 USA12 France9 Spain9 Italy5 Netherlands4 Finland4 Sw

38、eden4 China4 Australia3 in % Austria3 Switzerland3 Poland3 South Africa3 Japan3 Ireland3 Canada2 Russia2 Czech Rep.2 Norway2 temPorary study-related Visits abroad Fig. 13, 15 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 2017 Students in later semesters: bachelor: 5th10th semester of higher education (s. o. h.

39、e.), master: 3rd6th specialised semester, state examination: 8th12th s. o. h. e. Fig. 14 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 20072017 3535 3332 54 52 36 43 40 45 37 38 200001720152017 Multiple responses possible Academic year 58 Study abroad 6 Summer school 34 Placemen

40、t 5 Language course 14 Study tour 30 60 % 50 40 0 20 10 2007200920015 University Bachelors degree University Masters degree UASUASState examination (University) Total 17 | Average duration of visits abroad by Erasmus participants from Germany, since 2003, by type of visit 16 | Erasmus par

41、ticipants from Germany, since 1988, by type of university 18 | Erasmus participants from Germany, in 2017, by major host countries erasmus Visits Total University University of applied sciences (UAS) Fig. 13, 15 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 2017 Students in later semesters: bachelor: 5th10th se

42、mester of higher education (s. o. h. e.), master: 3rd6th specialised semester, state examination: 8th12th s. o. h. e. Fig. 14 Source: DAAD/DZHW Mobility Survey 20072017 Fig. 1618 Source: DAAD, Erasmus statistics Erasmus statistics until 2014: An academic year in the Erasmus statistics (until 2014) b

43、egins in the winter semester and ends in the summer semester of the following year. 2014 = WS 2013/14 + SS 2014. New Erasmus+ statistics since 2015: An academic year begins on June 1st of the prior year and ends on May 31st of the following year. 2017 = 1.6.2016 until 31.5.2018. Academic year 5 8 Mo

44、nth 7 6 4 200320015 Study Placement visits 4.6 4.24.2 5.35.2 6.0 6.7 6.9 4.2 5.2 2017 Number Spain6,614 France5,442 United Kingdom5,258 Sweden2,653 Italy2,613 Netherlands1,904 Finland1,872 Norway1,629 Ireland1,463 Austria1,447 Number Turkey1,265 Portugal1,220 Poland1,148 Denmark979 Belgiu

45、m881 Hungary833 Czech Rep.782 Greece370 Latvia346 Estonia314 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 0 2 4 6 8 10 657 3,906 12,633 15,715 22,427 21,184 28,568 29,306 28,332 7,670 51015 16 17 10,784 11,151 12,257 german students abroad international mobility of students “Wissenschaft weltoffen” uses UNE

46、SCO data on international students for its presentation of international student mobility and Germanys position as a host country in international comparison. However, it must be observed that these figures usually differ from the equivalent data in the national statistics, because in some cases, di

47、fferent groups are defined as students. The UNESCO, for example, categorises all persons as students who are assigned to levels 5 to 8 (ISCED 2011) according to the Inter national Stan- dard Classification of Education“ (ISCED). In addition to studying at bachelors and masters level (ISCED level 6 a

48、nd 7), this also includes doctoral students (ISCED level 8) and so-called short tertiary education programmes“ (ISCED level 5), which are not counted as higher education in Germany and therefore are not part of the higher education statistics. As far as possible, UNESCO actually reports data on inte

49、rnatio- nal students in all countries. The term “international students” refers to students who have moved from their country of origin with the purpose of studying, according to the criterion of country of prior education or the criterion of prior/usual residence (“non- resident students”). In relation to Germany, this definition covers the group of all Bildungsauslaender. These data are not available for all countries, e.g. Italy, Russia, South Korea or Turkey. Their figures relate to stud