1、E U S ol a r J ob s R e port 2023 Bri d gi ng th e sola r sk i lls ga p th rough q ua li ty a nd q ua nti ty SolarPower Europe L e a d ing the E ne rg y T ra ns ition S ola rP owe r Europe i s a me mb e r-le d a ssoc i a ti on th a t a i ms to e nsure th a t more e ne rgy i s ge ne ra te d b y sola

2、r th a n a ny oth e r e ne rgy sourc e b y 2030.www.solarpowereurope.orgJ oin 300+InfluenceIntelligenceNetworkDiscountsVisibilityE u ropeme mb e rsS ol a rP owe rEU S ola r J ob s R e port 20223T a b l e of c onte ntsE xe c u tive s u mma ry 4 P ol ic y re c omme nd a tions 5 1 I ntrod u c tion&me t

3、hod ol og y 8 1.1.Met hodology 8 1.2.Man ufact urin g s cen arios 11 1.3.Chan ges from EU Solar Jobs Report 2022 12 2 E U s ol a r j ob s 13 2.1.Updat e 2022 13 2.2.Pros pect s 2023-2027 20 An n ex 29 P roj e c t L e a d:Mi c h a e l S c h me la,S ola rP owe r Europe.P roj e c t Ma na g e me nt:R a

4、f f a e le R ossi,S ola rP owe r Europe.Au thors:Ch ri stoph e L i ts,R a f f a e le R ossi&Mi c h a e l S c h me la,S ola rP owe r Europe.T e xt e d iting:Be th a ny Me b a n,S ola rP owe r Europe.Conta c t:i nf osola rpowe re urope.org.P l e a s e c ite a s:S ola rP owe r Europe (2023):EU Solar Jo

5、bs Report 2023 Bridging the solar skills gap through quality and quantity.P u b l is he d:S e pte mb e r 2023.I S BN:9 7 8 9 464669 08 4.T ha nks to ou r s pons e r me mb e rs:D e s ig n:One h e mi sph e re,S we d e n.c onta c tone h e mi sph e re.se F ront c ove r ima g e:Ene l.D is c l a ime r:T h

6、 i s re port h a s b e e n pre pa re d b y S ola rP owe r Europe.I t i s b e i ng f urni sh e d to th e re c i pi e nts f or ge ne ra l i nf orma ti on only.N oth i ng i n i t sh ould b e i nte rpre te d a s a n of f e r or re c omme nd a ti on of a ny prod uc ts,se rvi c e s or f i na nc i a l prod

7、 uc ts.T h i s re port d oe s not c onsti tute te c h ni c a l,i nve stme nt,le ga l,ta x or a ny oth e r a d vi c e.R e c i pi e nts sh ould c onsult wi th th e i r own te c h ni c a l,f i na nc i a l,le ga l,ta x or oth e r a d vi sors a s ne e d e d.T h i s re port i s b a se d on sourc e s b e l

8、i e ve d to b e a c c ura te.H owe ve r,S ola rP owe r Europe d oe s not wa rra nt th e a c c ura c y or c omple te ne ss of a ny i nf orma ti on c onta i ne d i n th i s re port.S ola rP owe r Europe a ssume s no ob li ga ti on to upd a te a ny i nf orma ti on c onta i ne d h e re i n.S ola rP owe

9、r Europe wi ll not b e h e ld li a b le f or a ny d i re c t or i nd i re c t d a ma ge i nc urre d b y th e use of th e i nf orma ti on provi d e d a nd wi ll not provi d e a ny i nd e mni ti e s.U nle ss oth e rwi se sta te d,th e c opyri gh t a nd oth e r i nte lle c tua l prope rty ri gh ts of m

10、a rk e t i nte lli ge nc e d a ta a nd re sourc e s provi d e d a re owne d b y S ola rP owe r Europe.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 20224E xe c u tive s u mma ryThe s olar phot ovolt aic(PV)en ergy s ect or in t he EU is s howin g con t in uous growt h.The year 2022 s howed yet an ot her record deploym

11、en t level wit h 40.2 GW in s t alled,helpin g t he EU t o work t oward achievin g it s climat e goals for 2030 an d 2050.The deman d for s olar power s ys t ems in 2022 clearly un ders cored t he urgen t n eed amon g cit izen s t o prot ect from s oarin g elect ricit y an d n at ural gas cos t s.Ye

12、t,an oft en un deres t imat ed an d crit ical bot t len eck emergin g in various member s t at es is t he s hort age of qualified in s t allers.Wh i le th e growth of th e se c tor i s le a d i ng to a si gni f i c a nt i nc re a se i n job opportuni ti e s,Europe ne e d s to a ttra c t a nd re d i

13、re c t work e rs i n th e i nd ustry to a llow th e se c tor to pursue i ts e xpa nsi on.T h e re f ore,th i s stud y a i ms to q ua nti f y b oth th e d i re c t a nd i nd i re c t e mployme nt ge ne ra te d b y th e Europe a n sola r se c tor a t pre se nt a nd provi d e s proje c ti ons unti l 20

14、27.T h e re se a rc h e mploys a h yb ri d me th od ology th a t ta k e s i nto a c c ount th e f ollowi ng sta ge s of th e P V va lue c h a i n:Ma nuf a c turi ng,De ployme nt,Ope ra ti ons&Ma i nte na nc e,a nd De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng.I n th e ye a r 2022,th e EU sola r i nd ustry pro

15、vi d e d e mployme nt f or a pproxi ma te ly 648,000 f ull-ti me e q ui va le nt posi ti ons(F T Es).T h i s tra nsla te s to a 39%growth f rom th e numb e r of sola r job s provi d e d i n 2021.Among th e job s c re a te d i n 2022,28 1,000 F T Es,wh i c h a c c ounts f or 43%of th e tota l,we re d

16、 i re c t e mployme nt opportuni ti e s,wh i le th e re ma i ni ng 367,000 we re c la ssi f i e d a s i nd i re c t job s.T h e ma jori ty of th e se posi ti ons(8 4%)we re li nk e d to a c ti vi ti e s re la te d to th e d e ployme nt of sola r syste ms.Approxi ma te ly 8%of th e tota l job s we re

17、 a ssoc i a te d wi th ope ra ti on a nd ma i nte na nc e,wh i le ma nuf a c turi ng a c c ounte d f or 7%,a nd d e c ommi ssi oni ng a nd re c yc li ng ma d e a mi nor sh a re of 1%.T h e ye a r 2022 h a s a lso b e e n pi vota l si nc e Ope ra ti on&Ma i nte na nc e J ob s a re now surpa ssi ng th

18、 e job s c re a te d i n th e Ma nuf a c turi ng se c tor.T h i s re f le c ts th e d i sc re pa nc i e s b e twe e n th e i nsta lla ti on ra te s of P V,a nd th e slow e xpa nsi on of a loc a l supply c h a i n.Wi th i n th e ove ra ll c ount of 48,200 ge ne ra te d b y th e ma nuf a c turi ng se

19、c tor,i nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng a c c ounts f or 35,200 d i re c t a nd i nd i re c t f ull-ti me e q ui va le nt posi ti ons(F T Es),re pre se nti ng 7 3%of th e tota l ma nuf a c turi ng job s.Mod ule ma nuf a c turi ng a nd polysi li c on prod uc ti on c ontri b ute to 15%a nd 10%of th e tot

20、a l ma nuf a c turi ng job s,re spe c ti ve ly.I n c ontra st,th e EU s li mi te d prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty f or i ngots&wa f e rs a nd c e lls re sults i n th e c re a ti on of le ss th a n 7 50 job s i n th e se spe c i f i c a c ti vi ti e s.L ook i ng a t De ployme nt a nd O&M a c ti vi ti e

21、s,th e va st ma jori ty of job c re a ti on oc c urs i n th e roof top se gme nt(wh i c h i nc lud e s re si d e nti a l,c omme rc i a l,a nd i nd ustri a l se gme nts).I n th e EU,roof tops-re la te d job s re pre se nte d 7 3%of sola r d e ployme nt work e rs,wh i le uti li ty c ove re d th e oth

22、e r 27%.2022 a lso ma rk s th e f i rst ye a r i n wh i c h roof top-re la te d job s re pre se nt more th a n h a lf th e sola r job s i n th e 7 la rge st c ountri e s i n te rms of e mployme nt numb e rs.As i n 2021,th ose c ountri e s i nc lud e,P ola nd,S pa i n,G e rma ny,th e N e th e rla nd

23、s,I ta ly,G re e c e a nd F ra nc e.T h e EU S ola r J ob s R e port of f e rs a f i ve-ye a r proje c ti on f or job growth i n th e Europe a n U ni ons sola r se c tor,re lyi ng on th e sc e na ri os outli ne d i n S ola rP owe r Europe s G lob a l Ma rk e t Outlook 2023-2027,wh i c h wa s re le a

24、 se d i n J une.Ac c ord i ng to th e Me d i um S c e na ri o,susta i ne d e xpa nsi on c ould re sult i n th e c re a ti on of 1 mi lli on job s a lre a d y b y 2025,a nd 1.2 mi lli on job s b y 2027.O ur mod e lli ng a lso i nd i c a te s th a n th e e xpa nsi on of ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i t

25、y i n Europe f ollowi ng th e Europe a n I nd ustri a l S ola r Alli a nc e (ES I A)c ould le a d to 100,000 job s b y 2026,th e re f ore i mprovi ng e ne rgy se c uri ty,wh i le c re a ti ng gre e n a nd loc a l job s to ma ny Europe a ns.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 20225P ol ic y re c omme nd a tio

26、ns Ak uo1h ttps:/e d uc a ti on.e c.e uropa.e u/si te s/d e f a ult/f i le s/d oc ume nt-li b ra ry-d oc s/pi sa-2018-e u_1.pd f P l e a s e mind the (s kil l s)g a p We lack work ers in Europe but which work ers exact ly?T h e sola r se c tor i s a b out to c re a te over a million j ob opport un i

27、t ies i n just a f e w ye a rs.Ac c ord i ng to our a na lysi s,susta i ne d e xpa nsi on of th e P V se c tor i n th e EU c ould re sult i n th e c re a ti on of 1 mi lli on job s a lre a d y b y 2025,a nd 1.2 mi lli on job s b y 2027.T o und e rsta nd th e pa c e of e xpa nsi on,a t th e e nd of 2

28、022,648,000 pe ople we re e mploye d i n th e se c tor.I n oth e r word s,job s c re a te d b y sola r a re b a si c a lly goi ng to d oub le i n just f i ve ye a rs.De si gn e ngi ne e rs a re pa rti c ula rly c ri ti c a l f or th e uti li ty-sc a le se gme nt.As i n ma ny i nd ustri e s,th e re i

29、 s a f i e rc e c ompe ti ti on f or e ngi ne e ri ng ta le nts,wh i le th e proporti on of S T EM stud e nt,a nd th e ge ne ra l Europe a n le ve l i n ma th e ma ti c s,d e c re a se s.1 Ele c tri c a l e ngi ne e rs a re c ri ti c a l f or th e a ppropri a te d e si gn a nd th e sa f e gri d c on

30、ne c ti on of th e sola r syste m.T h e y a re a pa rti c ula r b ottle ne c k f or roof top P V syste ms,a s f or e a c h sola r P V i nsta lla ti on(a s f or e ve ry h e a t pump),one e le c tri c i a n i s ne e d e d.Construc ti on work e rs a re th e h a nd s of th e sola r re voluti on.T h e ro

31、of top P V ma rk e t i s i mpa c te d b y a la c k of roof e rs a nd c onstruc ti on work e rs.T h e uti li ty-sc a le ma rk e t c ould b e si gni f i c a ntly i mpa c te d b y th e la c k of c onstruc ti on work e rs i n c h a rge of d e ployi ng th e pa ne ls on th e ground,e spe c i a lly wi th t

32、h e i mpre ssi ve growth of th e proje c ts c ommi ssi oni ng a f te r 2022.Ma nu f a c tu ringG rou nd mou nte d P V (f or a 10 MWp pla nt)R oof top P V (f or a 10 K Wp pla nt)P rod uc t Engi ne e rF a c tory Ope ra tor1 Ele c tri c i a n4 Construc ti on Work e rs(R oof e rs)1-2 Ele c tri c i a ns2

33、-4 De si gn Engi ne e rsAround 45 Construc ti on Work e rsEU S ola r J ob s R e port 20226Brid g e the g a p 1.As s es s t he lack of work ers.As ma nd a te d i n R EDI I I,Me mb e r S ta te s must multi ply e f f orts i n i d e nti f yi ng th e i r ga p i n th e i r work f orc e a nd sk i llse ts.C

34、urre ntly,numb e rs f or th e la c k of c onstruc ti on,roof i ng a nd e le c tri c a l work e rs a re i nc omple te a nd must b e ga th e re d b y pri va te i ni ti a ti ve s.G ove rnme nts sh ould i nve st re sourc e s i n th i s e xe rc i se,work on re gula r ga th e ri ng of pre c i se a nd re g

35、ula r i nf orma ti on f or e a c h prof e ssi on,a nd pre se nt i t i n a more h a rmoni se d ma nne r,a long wi th oth e r Me mb e r S ta te s.T h i s i s ne c e ssa ry to e sta b li sh a Europe a n pla n of a c ti on on Europe a n sk i lls,i nc lud i ng f or prod uc t e ngi ne e rs a nd f a c tory

36、 work e rs i n i nte gra te d mod ule ma nuf a c turi ng a nd b a la nc e of syste m(BoS)prod uc ts suc h a s i nve rte rs.2.Commun icat e on green s k ills n eeds.Europe a n e d uc a ti on poli c i e s i n Europe va lui ng se rvi c e c a re e rs a nd th e ore ti c a l oc c upa ti ons a re h a vi ng

37、 long-te rm c onse q ue nc e s on our a b i li ty to c a rry out th e e ne rgy tra nsi ti on.T h e re sult i s a struc tura l la c k of te c h ni c a l work e rs.A f und a me nta l sh i f t i n e d uc a ti on syste ms i s ne e d e d.G ove rnme nts sh ould b e tte r c ommuni c a te on gre e n job ne

38、e d s a nd tra i ni ng opportuni ti e s.More prof ound ly,ma nua l c a re e rs ne e d to b e b e tte r va lue d a mong stud e nts a nd job se e k e rs,a s soc i a lly va lue d c a re e rs wi th pe rspe c ti ve of d e ve lopme nt.T h e c ommuni c a ti on c a mpa i gn sh a ll not only a d d re ss pote

39、 nti a l stud e nts or tra i ne e s,b ut a lso a i m a t mob i li si ng th e e c osyste m of gre e n sk i lls th a t i s too of te n una wa re of th e opportuni ti e s i n th e se c tors a nd d oe s not h a ve a c c e ss to th e ri gh t re sourc e s:e d uc a ti on prof e ssi ona ls,pub li c a nd pri

40、 va te e mployme nt pla tf orms,V ET provi d e rs,loc a l a nd re gi ona l a uth ori ti e s.T e a c h i ng a t te c h ni c a l sc h ools sh ould b e va lue d a ppropri a te ly a c c ord i ng to i ts stra te gi c i mporta nc e,b ri d ge s must b e b ui lt b e twe e n th e ore ti c a l a nd te c h ni

41、c a l e d uc a ti on pla tf orms a s we ll,to e na b le th e move me nt of stud e nts f rom uni ve rsi ty to V ET/S T EM,a nd a ppre nti c e sh i ps sh ould b e va lue d i n th ose va ri ous stre a ms.3.Equip work ers wit h s olar k n owledge.T wo ma jor k i nd s of prof e ssi ona ls a re usua lly n

42、e e d e d f or roof top sola r i nsta lla ti ons:q ua li f i e d e le c tri c i a ns f or th e d e si gn,gri d c onne c ti on a nd supe rvi si on of proje c ts,a nd c onstruc ti on work e rs(or more spe c i f i c a lly roof e rs)f or th e me c h a ni c a l work (i nsta lli ng mounti ng struc ture s

43、a nd mod ule s).As th e sola r se c tor ne e d s nume rous c a pa b le h a nd s to i nsta ll a ri si ng numb e r of sola r proje c ts a c c e le ra ti ng th e tra i ni ng of b oth th ose prof e ssi ons to th e c ra f t of sola r i nsta lla ti on i s k e y.Wh e n i t c ome s to c onstruc ti on work e

44、 rs,more spe c i a li sa ti on wi ll le a d to work e rs th a t a re b e tte r e q ui ppe d to c a rry out nume rous i nsta lla ti ons wh i le ma i nta i ni ng h i gh le ve ls of q ua li ty a nd sa f e ty,f or wh a t c a n b e c onsi d e re d a ne w a nd ri si ng sub-se c tor f or th e m.On th e e l

45、e c tri c i a ns si d e,a ppre nti c e s sh ould b e e nc oura ge d to c a rry out sola r P V tra i ni ng und e r th e supe rvi si on of e le c tri c i a ns,d uri ng th e i r ye a rs of stud i e s,to e nsure th e y a lso h a ve th e ne c e ssa ry sk i lls to work on re si d e nti a l,c omme rc i a l

46、 a nd pub li c roof s.S oon to b e e sta b li sh e d N e t-Z e ro Ac a d e mi e s c a n h e lp d e ve lop a ppropri a te le a rni ng c onte nt f or th ose sk i ll ne e d s,a s we ll f or sk i lls i n mod ule a nd i nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng a nd e ngi ne e ri ng.4.Develop public an d privat e ret

47、 rain in g programmes,n ot ably t arget in g j us t t ran s it ion work ers,an d ups k illin g programmes leveragin g t he Net-Zero Academies t o develop t rain in g con t en t.A numb e r of sola r prof e ssi ons(suc h a s sola r c onstruc ti on work e r or roof e r)a re a c c e ssi b le th rough re

48、 tra i ni ng a nd a numb e r of work e rs h a d a pa st li f e b e f ore joi ni ng th e i nd ustry.L i f e long tra i ni ng sh ould b e e nc oura ge d a nd f a c i li ta te d f or work e rs,pa rti c ula rly i n tra nsi ti oni ng i nd ustri e s.Appropri a te progra mme s sh ould b e d e ve lope d a n

49、d i nc e nti vi se d to pri ori ti se work f orc e re c onve rsi on i n th e job s ne e d e d f or th e c le a n e ne rgy tra nsi ti on,a nd i n pa rti c ula r i n a re a s e c onomi c a lly a f f e c te d b y th e c li ma te tra nsi ti on.I n pa rti c ula r,pri va te re tra i ni ng a c ti ons c a n

50、 b e supporte d b y th e pub li c,th rough f i na nc i ng support or pra c ti c a l support.I n a d d i ti on,th e sola r i nd ustry i s e volvi ng f a st.S ola r pa ne ls a re e volvi ng,sola r i nve rte rs a re i nc re a si ngly d i gi ta li se d,a nd e le c tri c ve h i c le s or h e a t pumps a

51、re c omi ng wi th ne w opportuni ti e s f or b ui ld i ng-le ve l c onne c ti on.T o k e e p up wi th th e te c h nology d e ve lopme nts,e le c tri c i a ns a nd i nsta lle rs must b e a b le to a c c e ss th e ri gh t upsk i lli ng progra mme s,i n c lose c oope ra ti on wi th ma nuf a c ture rs.T

52、 h e N e t-Z e ro I nd ustry Ac a d e mi e s h a ve a role to pla y th e re.P ol ic y re c omme nd a tions /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202275.Sk ill-proof your en ergy policies.S ola r P V d e ployme nt i n th e ne xt ye a rs wi ll b e h e a vi ly i mpa c te d b y th e a va i la b i li t

53、y of th e ri gh t sk i lls a nd work e rs to c ond uc t th e ne c e ssa ry work s.S k i ll-proof i ng e ne rgy poli c i e s b e c ome s more a nd more re le va nt to th e e ne rgy tra nsi ti on.I nte gra te d re nova ti ons of b ui ld i ngs c a n b e promote d th rough sma rt sub si d y sc h e me s(

54、f or i nsta nc e,i n se ve ra l c ountri e s,a sb e stos re mova l progra mme s a re c ouple d wi th a sub si d y f or sola r pa ne l i nsta lla ti ons,c oupli ng two roof work s i n one)or th rough i mprove d a c c e ss to i nf orma ti on(f or i nsta nc e,se ve ra l c ountri e s h a ve te ste d i n

55、f orma ti on poi nts of f e ri ng c i ti ze ns a n e a rly d i a gnosi s of th e pote nti a l f or re nova ti ons,e nc oura gi ng c i ti ze ns to c a rry out c ouple d re nova ti on work s a nd H P /EV /P V i nsta lla ti on).P la nni ng a nd loc a l a uth ori ti e s pla y a role,th i nk i ng b ui ld

56、 i ng re nova ti on a nd e le c tri f i c a ti on toge th e r.6.Facilit at e in t ra-EU movemen t of work ers,by en s urin g t he mut ual recogn it ion of elect rical s k ills an d s olar in s t allat ion s k ills an d facilit at in g t he movemen t of s olar work ers2 acros s borders in t he framew

57、ork of t he Pos t ed Work ers legis lat ion.G ove rnme nts must e nsure th e mutua l re c ogni ti on of q ua li f i c a ti ons f or e le c tri c i a ns a nd i nsta lle rs und e r th e S e rvi c e s Di re c ti ve a nd th e R e ne wa b le Ene rgy Di re c ti ve.I n th e longe r te rm a n EU-wi d e c e

58、rti f i c a ti on sta nd a rd f or e le c tri c i a ns sh ould b e d e ve lope d,e sta b li sh i ng a c ommon nome nc la ture of e le c tri c a l e ngi ne e ri ng sk i lls a nd a c ommon b a si s f or sk i ll re q ui re me nts.T h e EU c a n a lso f a c i li ta te th e posti ng of sola r work e rs a

59、 c ross c ountri e s,f or i nsta nc e b y c re a ti ng na ti ona l e na b li ng c onta c t poi nts.T h ose a uth ori ti e s sh ould b e a wa re of th e poli ti c a l urge nc y of th e se proc e d ure s,a nd b e ta sk e d wi th a c c e le ra ti ng th e m.7.In t egrat e t he s olar in dus t rys n eeds

60、 in t o immigrat ion policies.F i na lly,th e EU must support th e growth of th e sola r se c tor b y f a c i li ta ti ng th e e ntry of work e rs f rom th i rd c ountri e s.T a le nt P a rtne rsh i ps a nd th e EU T a le nt P ool,i f a ppli e d wi th th e ri gh t f oc us a nd re sourc e s,c ould st

61、e e r le ga l mi gra ti on to stra te gi c se c tors.S ola r P V,a s a k e y se c tor f or Europe s ge opoli ti c a l,e c onomi c,a nd e nvi ronme nta l c h a lle nge s,sh ould b e c e ntra l to suc h me c h a ni sms.Ba ywa.re.2I n th i s re port,a “sola r work e r”i s a ny pe rson wh o spe nd s mor

62、e th a n 50%of th e i r work i ng h ours on sola r-re la te d work.I ntrod u c tion&me thod ol og y1The climat e an d en ergy lan ds cape s urroun din g t his years EU Solar Jobs Report has s een s ome chan ges compared t o t he previous year.The price of en ergy has come down in t he firs t half of

63、 2023,but n ext win t er is j us t aroun d t he corn er an d t he In t ern at ion al En ergy Agen cy(IEA)advis ed t he European Un ion (EU)t o add aroun d 60 GW of s olar power in 2023 t o avoid gas s hort ages.Ba se d on our a sse ssme nt f rom th e G lob a l Ma rk e t Outlook f or S ola r P owe r

64、2023-2027,th e EU s sola r ma rk e t i s und e rgoi ng ra pi d growth.I n 2022,th e b loc a d d e d a n i mpre ssi ve 40.2 G W of sola r c a pa c i ty,i nd i c a ti ng a sub sta nti a l 43%i nc re a se c ompa re d to th e pre vi ous ye a r.T h e e xpa nsi on of sola r P V i s d ri ve n b y i ts i nc

65、 re a si ng a d opti on b y h ouse h old s,b usi ne sse s,a nd poli c yma k e rs wh o re c ogni se sola r a s a vi a b le e ne rgy soluti on to a tta i n long-te rm c li ma te ta rge ts a nd to re d uc e th e d e pe nd e nc e on R ussi a n f ossi l f ue ls.P roje c ti ons i nd i c a te th a t th e E

66、U s sola r ma rk e t i s li k e ly to f urth e r i nc re a se to 53.8 G W i n 2023 a nd re a c h a re ma rk a b le 9 7.8 G W b y 2027 und e r a Me d i um S c e na ri o.Alth ough c h a lle nge s pe rsi st suc h a s gri d c onge sti on,ti me ly a va i la b i li ty of work e rs,a nd a sta b le pe rmi t

67、ti ng f ra me work th e prospe c ts f or sola r e ne rgy a re promi si ng,wi th posi ti ve ma rk e t d yna mi c s c ontri b uti ng to job c re a ti on a c ross a ll se gme nts of th e va lue c h a i n.Conse q ue ntly,th e ma i n ob je c ti ve of th i s stud y i s to sh owc a se th e c urre nt a nd f

68、 uture e mployme nt opportuni ti e s a ssoc i a te d wi th th e e xpa nsi on of sola r powe r i n th e EU.Our i nve sti ga ti on i s b a se d on h i stori c a l d a ta a nd ma rk e t sc e na ri os pre se nte d i n S ola rP owe r Europe s G lob a l Ma rk e t Outlook 2023-2027.1.1.Me thod ol og y T h

69、i s stud y e mploys a h yb ri d a pproa c h to c a lc ula te f ull-ti me e q ui va le nt(F T E)job s,d ra wi ng f rom me th od ologi e s pre vi ously use d i n sola r a nd re ne wa b le e ne rgy job c re a ti on stud i e s.T h e mod e l e sti ma te s b oth d i re c t a nd i nd i re c t sola r F T Es

70、 ge ne ra te d a nnua lly i n e a c h EU me mb e r sta te,wi th a f oc us on f our d i sti nc t sta ge s of th e va lue c h a i n:(i)Ma nuf a c turi ng;(i i)De ployme nt;(i i i)O pe ra ti on&Ma i nte na nc e (O&M);a nd (i v)De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng.Di re c t job s re pre se nt F T Es li n

71、k e d to c ore a c ti vi ti e s,suc h a s ma nuf a c turi ng,d e ployme nt,O&M,a nd d e c ommi ssi oni ng&re c yc li ng.T h e se a re th e re sult of e xpe nd i ture s ma d e b y prod uc e rs/c onsume rs d ue to f i na l d e ma nd.On th e oth e r h a nd,i nd i re c t job s ste m f rom b usi ne ss-to

72、-b usi ne ss purc h a se s i n th e supply c h a i n,wh i c h a re c onsi d e re d i nte rme d i a te tra nsa c ti ons.T h e y re pre se nt th e a c ti vi ti e s i n upstre a m i nd ustri e s th a t supply a nd support th e c ore a c ti vi ti e s of sola r P V.T h e spe nd i ng of d i re c t F T Es

73、i n i nte rme d i a te se c tors ge ne ra te s i nd i re c t F T Es i n c orre spond i ng se c tors.T h e c a lc ula ti on of d i re c t job s i n Ma nuf a c turi ng a nd De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng re li e s on e mployme nt f a c tors,wh i c h spe c i f y th e numb e r of job s c re a te d

74、i n ma nuf a c turi ng or e nd-of-li f e ma na ge me nt f or e ve ry 1 MW of sola r c a pa c i ty i n a gi ve n c ountry,wi th d i sti nc t va lue s f or e a c h va lue c h a i n se gme nt.I n c ontra st,th e a pproa c h use d f or d i re c t job s i n De ployme nt a nd O&M i s a CAP EX-OP EX mod e

75、l.T h i s mod e l d e te rmi ne s th e a ggre ga te la b our c ost a s a sh a re of tota l CAP EX (f or d e ployme nt)or OP EX (f or O&M)a nd d i vi d e s i t b y th e c ost of la b our pe r work e r to ob ta i n th e numb e r of job s re sulti ng f rom sola r i nsta lla ti ons i n a spe c i f i c E

76、U T ri na S ola r.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 20228EU S ola r J ob s R e port 20229me mb e r sta te.De ployme nt job s a re b a se d on th e a nnua lly i nsta lle d c a pa c i ty,wh i le O&M job s a re d e ri ve d f rom th e c umula ti ve i nsta lle d c a pa c i ty.F urth e rmore,i n ord e r to a sse

77、 ss th e i nd i re c t i mpa c ts of sola r P V i nve stme nts,th e re port e mploys a n I nput/Output ta b le th a t e nc ompa sse s a ll 27 EU me mb e r sta te s a nd 63 se c tors,c ove ri ng a wi d e ra nge of e c onomi c a c ti vi ti e s.T h e I nput/Output ta b le provi d e s F T E multi pli e

78、rs,wh i c h e na b le th e c a lc ula ti on of i nd i re c t job s b a se d on th e d i re c t job s ge ne ra te d.T a b le 1 pre se nts a n ove rvi e w of th e me th od ology use d i n th i s proc e ss.All re sults a re re porte d a nnua lly,re f le c ti ng th e F T Es re q ui re d to me e t th e c

79、 orre spond i ng ye a rs d e ma nd.value chain stepmethodologyfor direct jobsmethodology for total jobsManufacturingDeploymentOperations&MaintenanceDecommissioning&RecyclingEmploymentfactorsCAPEX-OPEXmodelCAPEX-OPEXmodelEmploymentfactorsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsDirect FTEsInput/output(FTE mu

80、ltiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Input/output(FTE multiplier)Total FTEsTotal FTEsTotal FTEsTotal FTEsTABLE 1 OV ERV I EW OF MET HODOL OGY G a b ri e le R h le/ABO Wi nd.T a b le 2 provi d e s a n outli ne of th e va lue c h a i n a c ti vi ti e s c onsi d e re d i n t

81、h e stud y.F T Es a ssoc i a te d wi th De ployme nt,O&M,a nd De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng a re d e te rmi ne d b a se d on EU i nsta lle d c a pa c i ty sc e na ri os.On th e oth e r h a nd,sola r job s re la te d to Ma nuf a c turi ng a re d e ri ve d f rom EU prod uc ti on c a pa c i ti e

82、s f or va ri ous va lue c h a i n prod uc ts,suc h a s polysi li c on,i ngots/wa f e rs,c e lls,mod ule s,a nd i nve rte rs.A se pa ra te e va lua ti on of job c re a ti on i s pe rf orme d f or e a c h of th e se prod uc ts ma nuf a c turi ng proc e sse s.R e ga rd i ng De ployme nt,th e stud y e v

83、a lua te s b oth i nsta lla ti on la b our a nd sof t la b our,wh i c h i nc lud e s e ngi ne e ri ng,proc ure me nt,c ustome r a c q ui si ti on,a nd pe rmi tti ng.Di re c t O&M job s e nc ompa ss a c ti vi ti e s li k e c ompone nt a nd i nve rte r re pla c e me nt,a s we ll a s c le a ni ng a nd

84、re pa i rs.J ob s i n De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng pe rta i n to th e re mova l,c olle c ti on,a nd tre a tme nt of e nd-of-li f e mod ule s.1 I ntrod u c tion&me thod ol og y/c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202210TABLE 2 S COP E OF S OL AR P V CHAI N F OR CAL CUL AT I ON OF DI RECT F

85、T ES CAT E GOR Y CAT E G OR Y S E CT I ONCAT E GOR Y BR E AK D OWNMan ufact urin gP olysi li c on P olysi li c on Ma nuf a c turi ng I ngot/wa f e r I ngot/wa f e r Ma nuf a c turi ng Ce lls Ce ll Ma nuf a c turi ng Mod ule s Mod ule s Asse mb ly I nve rte r I nve rte r Ma nuf a c turi ng Deploymen

86、tI nsta lla ti on L a b ourMe c h a ni c a l Ele c tri c a l S of t L a b ourP roc ure me nt Engi ne e ri ng Custome r Ac q ui si ti on P e rmi tti ng Operat ion&Main t en an ce Ope ra ti on&Ma i nte na nc e L a b ourCompone nts re pla c e me nt I nve rte r re pla c e me nt Cle a ni ng R e pa ra ti

87、ons Decommis s ion in g&Recyclin g De c ommi ssi oni ng R e mova l of Mod ule s R e c yc li ngColle c ti on of wa ste T re a tme nt of wa ste EU S ola r J ob s R e port 2022111.2.Ma nu f a c tu ring s c e na rios EU ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ti e s th rough 2027 a re e va lua te d on th re e d i

88、 f f e re nt sc e na ri os:A Low Scen ario,i n wh i c h EU prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty re ma i ns li mi te d,only e xi sti ng c ompa ni e s e xpa nd th e i r prod uc ti on a nd a nnounc e d proje c ts a re not f ully re a li se d;A Medium Scen ario,i n wh i c h most of th e c urre nt c ompa ni e s a

89、 nnounc e me nts a re re a li se d;A High Scen ario,i n wh i c h th e prod uc ti on i nc re a se i n ord e r to re a c h th e 30 G W ta rge t b y 2030 se t b y th e Europe a n S ola r P V I nd ustry Alli a nc e (ES I A).A spe c i f i c d e sc ri pti on of th e sc e na ri o f or e a c h of th e va lu

90、e c h a i ns se gme nt i s pre se nte d i n ta b le 3.TABLE 3 EU MANUF ACT URI NG S CENARI OS DES CRI P T I ON S E GME NT L OW S CE N AR I OMOD E R AT E S CE NAR I OHI GH S CE NAR I O(E S I A)Polys ilicon S ola r polysi li c on ma nuf a c turi ng i s d e c re a si ng a s th e prod uc ti on i s f oc

91、usi ng on se mi-c ond uc tor se gme nt.P olysi li c on ma nuf a c turi ng i nc re a se s ma rgi na lly f ollowi ng la rge P V ma rk e t growth,b ut prod uc ti on f oc use s on se mi-c ond uc tor se gme nt.P olysi li c on ma nuf a c turi ng i nc re a se a nd se rve s b oth th e d ome sti c sola r P V

92、 ma rk e t a nd e xports.In got s&Wafers Europe a n I ngot prod uc ti on d oe s not e xpa nd.Wa f e r prod uc ti on e xpa nd s ma rgi na lly.Dome sti c i ngot&wa f e r prod uc ti on i nc re a se s ma rgi na lly b ut c a nnot se rve th e f ull d ome sti c c e ll prod uc ti on.Dome sti c i ngot a nd w

93、a f e r prod uc ti on i s e sta b li sh e d a t a c omb i ne d 20 GW le ve l to se rve th e d ome sti c c e ll i nd ustry.Cells T h e c urre nt pla ns f or e xpa nsi on of c e ll f a c tori e s a re re a li se d,some ti me s wi th a d e la y,b ut no oth e r d e ve lop.Most se ri ous c e ll f a c tor

94、y pla ns a nnounc e d i n 2020/2022 c omple te f i na nc i ng a nd ope n f a c tori e s.T h e EU i nd ustry ma na ge s to re d e ve lop a 30 GW c e ll prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty b y 2027.Modules T h e c urre nt pla ns f or e xpa nsi on of mod ule f a c tori e s a re re a li se d,some ti me s wi th

95、a d e la y,b ut some sma lle r ma nuf a c ture rs c a nnot f a c e th e h i gh e r c ompe ti ti on a nd go b a nk rupt.Ce rti f i e d a nd pla nne d e xpa nsi on c ome onli ne,e xi sti ng mod ule ma nuf a c turi ng e xpe nd th e i r c a pa c i ty.Ce rti f i e d a nd pla nne d e xpa nsi on c ome onli

96、 ne,e xi sti ng mod ule ma nuf a c turi ng e xpe nd th e i r c a pa c i ty,a ll prospe c t proje c ts c ome onli ne.In vert ers I nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng i n Europe d e c re a se s sli gh tly a s i t c a nnot c ompe te wi th f ore i gn prod uc ti ons pri c e s.I nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng i n

97、 Europe grows a nd se rve s b oth th e d ome sti c ma rk e t a nd e xports.I nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng i n Europe grows a nd se rve s b oth th e d ome sti c ma rk e t a nd e xports.1 I ntrod u c tion&me thod ol og y/c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202212 Ak uo1.3.Cha ng e s f rom E U S ol

98、a r J ob R e port 2022 I n th e c urre nt e d i ti on of th i s stud y,a d i f f e re nt a pproa c h h a s b e e n use d to c a lc ula te th e job c re a ti on i n th e De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng se gme nt.Af te r re vi e wi ng th e mod e l re sults wi th i nd ustry e vi d e nc e,a n upd a

99、te of th e wa ste ge ne ra ti on mod e l wa s c a rri e d out.T h i s re vi si on si gni f i c a ntly re d uc e d th e sh a re of De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng job s c ompa re d to la st ye a rs f i gure s;h owe ve r,th e c h a nge i n th e ove ra ll numb e r of job s i s ne gli gi b le a nd h

100、 a s b e e n c ounte rb a la nc e d b y th e i nc re a se i n th e oth e r se gme nts.We h a ve a lso re vi e we d a nd upd a te d ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ti e s a c ross a ll va lue c h a i n se gme nts,i nc orpora ti ng i nf orma ti on f rom pub li c c ompa ny a nnounc e me nts a nd i nsi gh

101、 ts provi d e d b y our me mb e rs.F i na lly,we h a ve upd a te d la b our c osts a nd CAP EX va lue s wi th th e la te st a va i la b le pub li c a ti ons,wh e re ve r possi b le,to e nsure th e most a c c ura te a nd up-to-d a te d a ta i s c onsi d e re d i n our a na lysi s.EU S ola r J ob s R

102、e port 202213E U s ol a r j ob s22.1.U pd a te 2022 I n our re port f rom la st ye a r,we f ore c a ste d a n i nc re a se i n th e c ount of EU sola r job s b e twe e n 2021 a nd 2022,b ut a t a slowe r pa c e th a n th e growth we ob se rve d f rom 2020 to 2021.I t turns out th a t,a s of te n i n

103、 th e sola r i nd ustry,th e re a li ty outpa c e d a ll e xpe c ta ti ons.T h e se c tor gre w a t a 39%growth ra te i n 2022 a nd surpa sse d th e re ma rk a b le 30%growth ra te ob se rve d i n 2021.As of 2022,th e sola r se c tor h a s e mploye d 648,000 F T Es i n th e Europe a n U ni on.Among

104、th e se,28 1,000 F T Es,a c c ounti ng f or 43%of th e tota l,a re d i re c t job s,wh i le th e re ma i ni ng 367,000 F T Es(57%)re pre se nt i nd i re c t job s(F i gure 1).T h e ma jori ty of job s wi th i n th e sola r i nd ustry a re li nk e d to th e d e ployme nt ph a se,a mounti ng to 542,00

105、0 F T Es,wh i c h c onsti tute s 8 4%of th e tota l job s(se e F i gure 2).T h e ye a r 2022 wa s a lso pi vota l a s Ope ra ti on a nd Ma i nte na nc e a c ti vi ti e s ge ne ra te d more job s th a n Ma nuf a c turi ng a c ti vi ti e s f or th e f i rst ti me,wi th 8.1%a nd 7.4%sh a re re spe c ti

106、 ve ly,tra nsla ti ng th e f a st i nc re a se of th e tota l i nsta lle d sola r P V c a pa c i ty,a nd th e ra th e r sma ll upta k e of ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ty i s th e EU.F i na lly,De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng job s re ma i n a mi nor c ompone nt,ma k i ng up only 0.8%of th e to

107、ta l job s.Me ye r Burge r.FIGURE 1 EU-27 S OL AR J OB MAR K ET I N 20220100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000FTEsManufacturingDeploymentOperations&MaintenanceDecommissioning&RecyclingTotal48,229542,40652,3765,246648,257IndirectDirect S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023EU S ola r J ob s R e po

108、rt 202214T h e pre va le nc e of De ployme nt job s ove r th e O pe ra ti on&Ma i nte na nc e se gme nt i s d ue to th e f a c t th a t i nsta lli ng sola r pa ne ls on roof tops a nd f i e ld s d e ma nd s a sub sta nti a l work f orc e,b ut,onc e i nsta lle d,th e y re q ui re mi ni ma l ph ysi c

109、a l ma i nte na nc e a nd le ss work e rs.S i mi la r to th e si tua ti on i n 2021,De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng F T Es c onsti tute th e sma lle st porti on of th e tota l F T Es,a s sola r P V wa ste stre a ms re ma i n li mi te d i n volume a nd a re e xpe c te d to re ma i n so f or th e

110、f ore se e a b le f uture.I t i s a nti c i pa te d th a t sola r P V wa ste stre a ms wi ll only b e c ome si gni f i c a nt f rom 2030 onwa rd s wh e n th e f i rst wa ve of la rge r i nsta lle d syste ms i n Europe re a c h e s th e e nd of th e i r ope ra ti ona l li f e ti me.T h e F T E f i gu

111、re f or a spe c i f i c ye a r re pre se nts a sna psh ot of th e numb e r of work e rs e mploye d b y th e i nd ustry i n th a t spe c i f i c ye a r.De ployme nt job s a re d i re c tly ti e d to th e a mount of sola r c a pa c i ty i nsta lle d e a c h ye a r a nd,th e re f ore,d e pe nd on th e

112、a nnua l ma rk e t si ze.T h a nk s to th e susta i ne d growth of th e EU sola r ma rk e t i n re c e nt ye a rs,De ployme nt job s h a ve e xpe ri e nc e d sub sta nti a l growth.T h e EU ma rk e t rose f rom 19.9 G W i n 2020 to 40.1 G W i n 2022,e xh i b i ti ng a 42%c ompound a nnua l growth ra

113、 te (CAG R)ove r th e la st th re e ye a rs,wh i c h h a s c onse q ue ntly le d to a some wh a t proporti ona l i nc re a se i n job s re la te d to sola r d e ployme nt.On th e c ontra ry,O&M job s re ly on th e c umula ti ve i nsta lle d sola r c a pa c i ty.As i t gre w la rge r,th e tota l f le

114、 e t of i nsta lle d c a pa c i ty i s le ss i nf lue nc e d b y ye a rly ne w a d d i ti ons.T h rough out 2020-2022,th e Europe a n U ni ons sola r f le e t h a s i nc re a se d f rom 139 G W to 208 G W,d e monstra ti ng a CAG R of 22%.Ma nuf a c turi ng role s wi th i n th e EU s sola r se c tor

115、a re i ntri c a te ly ti e d to th e prod uc ti on c a pa c i ti e s spa nni ng me mb e r sta te s.N ota b ly,th e EU s i nd ustry h old s sub sta nti a l ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa b i li ti e s a t spe c i f i c sta ge s of th e va lue c h a i n,pri ma ri ly f or polysi li c on a nd i nve rte rs.On

116、 th e c ontra ry,th e prod uc ti on of mod ule s c urre ntly re ma i ns sma ll a t th e glob a l sc a le a nd th e re i s a nota b le d e f i c i e nc y i n prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty f or i ngots/wa f e rs a nd c e lls,a n i ssue th e i nd ustry i s a c ti ve ly work i ng to re c ti f y.I n te rms

117、 of e mployme nt,i nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng ta k e s th e le a d,c ontri b uti ng si gni f i c a ntly to EU sola r ma nuf a c turi ng job s a pproxi ma te ly 35,000 job s i n tota l,e nc ompa ssi ng b oth d i re c t a nd i nd i re c t role s.T h i s a c c ounts f or 7 3%of th e ove ra ll F T E p

118、osi ti ons wi th i n ma nuf a c turi ng(F i gure 3).T h i s re sult a li gns wi th th e wi d e spre a d pre se nc e of i nve rte r c ompa ni e s a c ross Europe,i nc lud i ng nume rous glob a l ma rk e t pla ye rs.FIGURE 2 EU-27 T OT AL S OL AR J OBS BR EAK DOWN I N 2022Decommissioning&Recycling:0.8

119、%Manufacturing:7.4%Operations&Maintenance:8.1%Deployment:84%2022 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 20232 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202215FIGURE 3 EU-27 S OL AR MANUF ACT UR I NG J OBS AND P R ODUCT I ON CAP ACI T Y I N 202200FTEsGWPolysiliconIngots/wafersCellsModulesInverter

120、s4,804566787,45435,237IndirectDirectProduction capacity5,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00021.2 GW0.2 GW0.5 GW7.5 GW70.7 GW07080 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023 S MA.Theres a career for everyone in solarFin d s olar t alen t,t rain in gs&j obs on t he#SolarWork s Plat form Follow

121、#SolarWorks on s ocial media for regular updat es:T h e sola r se c tor i s b oomi ng,a nd we c a nnot le t th e sh orta ge of sk i lle d work e rs h old us b a c k f rom d ri vi ng th e e ne rgy tra nsi ti on.T o a d d re ss th i s c h a lle nge,S ola rP owe r Europe h a s d e ve lope d th e#S ola

122、rWork s P la tf orm,a one-stop-sh op f or f uture sola r work e rs a nd re c rui te rs,ma tc h i ng a ppli c a nts to re le va nt role s or tra i ni ng progra mme s.I s your orga ni sa ti on of te n look i ng f or ne w sola r ta le nt?T h e n i ts ti me to joi n uploa d your job ope ni ngs to th e#S

123、 ola rWork s P la tf orm th e job si te f or th e sola r se c tor,c onne c ti ng job se e k e rs to sola r c ompa ni e s&tra i ni ngs,a ll b a se d on th e i r sk i lls.R e gi stra ti ons a re f re e f or sola r c ompa ni e s,job se e k e rs,e d uc a ti on a nd tra i ni ng provi d e rs.S ola r c omp

124、a ni e s i n Europe a nd b e yond a re we lc ome to c re a te th e i r c ompa ny prof i le a nd uploa d th e i r la te st ope n va c a nc i e s.T h e we b si te i s a va i la b le i n Dutc h,F re nc h,G e rma n,S pa ni sh,I ta li a n&P oli sh.T h e re a re a lre a d y more th a n 100 c ompa ni e s o

125、f f e ri ng a ll k i nd s of job s on th e pla tf orm.By a d d i ng your ope n va c a nc i e s,your job a d s wi ll re a c h ma ny job se e k e rs th a nk s to ta rge te d a d ve rti si ng,h e lpi ng you f i nd th e b e st pe rson f or th e job.Do you of f e r tra i ni ngs re le va nt f or sola r jo

126、b s?T h e n b e sure to c re a te a noth e r prof i le a s e d uc a ti ona l pa rtne r a nd a d d your tra i ni ng progra mme s.F ollow th e#S ola rWork s soc i a l me d i a c h a nne ls to sta y up to d a te wi th th e pla tf orm,a nd se e h ow we promote va c a nc i e s to job se e k e rs a c ross

127、 Europe,wh i le c re a ti ng a wa re ne ss a b out wh a t work i ng i n th e sola r se c tor i s li k e.T he re s a j ob f or e ve ryone in s ol a r -l e ts g e t to work!Qu e s tions or s u g g e s tions f or this j ob s pl a tf orm?F e e l f re e to re a c h out to S ola rP owe r Europe s S i e n

128、V a n d e Wi e le,le a d i ng th e#S ola rWork s P la tf orm&Communi c a ti ons.news let t erT h i s gui d e i s pa rt of S ola rP owe r Europe s ove ra ll ob je c ti ve to re c rui t ta le nte d a nd c ommi tte d pe ople i nto th e i nd ustry.Down load t he Solar Jobs Guide.h ttps:/www.sola rpowe r

129、e urope.org/i nsi gh ts/th e ma tic-re ports/sola r-powe r-e urope-s-sola r-job s-gui d e R e g is te r now f or the#S ol a rWorks F a ir T h e#S ola rWork sF a i r i s a n onli ne job s f a i r,h oste d on a d i gi ta l pla tf orm,th a t e na b le s job se e k e rs a nd c ompa ni e s to i nsta ntly

130、 c onne c t i n a h a ssle-f re e wa y.I t i s a pla c e f or c ompa ni e s f rom th e e nti re sola r va lue c h a i n to sh owc a se th e i r b ra nd a nd a ttra c t ne w re c rui ts.F or job s se e k e rs,th e#S ola rWork sF a i r of f e rs th e opportuni ty to c onne c t wi th ta le nt re c rui

131、te rs a nd e d uc a tors to b e tte r und e rsta nd th e wi d e va ri e ty of job s i n th e sola r se c tor.More ove r,job se e k e rs c a n ge t i nsi gh t i nto sk i lls th a t a re ne e d e d a nd a d vi c e on e d uc a ti on a nd tra i ni ng opti ons to e nte r th e ra pi d ly growi ng sola r m

132、a rk e t i n Europe&b e yond.R e gi stra ti ons a re f re e f or sola r c ompa ni e s,job se e k e rs,e d uc a ti on a nd tra i ni ng provi d e rs.L e a rn more a b out th e upc omi ng#S ola rWork sF a i r here.O ur S ola r J ob s gui d e pre se nts a c ompre h e nsi ve li st of role s i n th e i nd

133、 ustry a nd th e sk i lls re q ui re d to f i ll th e m,to th ose i nte re ste d i n joi ni ng th e sola r i nd ustry a nd th e f i gh t a ga i nst c li ma te c h a nge.T h e gui d e e nc a psula te s th e c omb i ne d e xpe ri e nc e of ove r 30 prof e ssi ona ls i n h i ri ng ma na ge r posi ti on

134、s f rom a c ross th e sola r se c tor.I t provi d e s a n ove rvi e w of th e job s a va i la b le th rough out th e sola r va lue c h a i n,f rom ma nuf a c turi ng to ope ra ti ona l,a nd f i na nc i a l role s;th e sk i lls ne e d e d to d o th e se role s;a nd wh a t q ua li f i c a ti ons a re

135、i n-d e ma nd.I t a lso c onta i ns a se c ti on outli ni ng th e sof t sk i lls re q ui re d a c ross a ll of th e se role s,i n a n e f f ort to d e mysti f y job a d ve rts a nd gi ve c onc re te poi nte rs on h ow to ge t i nvolve d i n sola r.Wh e th e r you a re look i ng f or your f i rst job

136、 or c h a ngi ng i nd ustry,th i s gui d e c onta i ns th e f und a me nta l i nf orma ti on f or a suc c e ssf ul c a re e r i n sola r.Mod ule prod uc ti on a nd polysi li c on prod uc ti on a lso ma k e sub sta nti a l c ontri b uti ons,re pre se nti ng 16%a nd 10%re spe c ti ve ly,e q ui va le n

137、t to 7,400 a nd 4,8 00 job s.G i ve n th e c urre nt li mi ta ti ons i n prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty f or i ngots,wa f e rs a nd c e lls wi th i n th e EU,th e se a c ti vi ti e s c olle c ti ve ly ge ne ra te f e we r th a n 7 50 job s,a c c ounti ng f or a c omb i ne d 2%sh a re.T h e lowe r F T E

138、s numb e r i n c e ll ma nuf a c turi ng i n 2022 c ompa re d to 2021 i s only te mpora ry,a nd i s e xpla i ne d b y f a c tori e s th a t h a ve te mpora ri ly pa use d th e i r prod uc ti on i n 2022 i n ord e r to ra mp up th e i r c a pa c i ti e s.T h e le ve l of job i nte nsi ty d i f f e rs

139、 a c ross va ri ous ma nuf a c turi ng proc e sse s.Ce ll a nd mod ule prod uc ti on e xh i b i t h i gh e r job i nte nsi ty,wh i le i nve rte r a nd i ngot/wa f e r prod uc ti on sh ow lowe r le ve ls,a nd polysi li c on prod uc ti on h a s th e lowe st le ve l of job i nte nsi ty.Conse q ue ntly,

140、th i s d i spa ri ty e luc i d a te s wh y polysi li c on prod uc ti on,d e spi te i ts c urre nt h i gh e r prod uc ti on output c ompa re d to i nve rte rs a nd mod ule s,yi e ld s a sma lle r numb e r of d i re c t job s.L ook i ng a t c ountry-spe c i f i c e mployme nt f i gure s,P ola nd re ma

141、 i ne d th e pri ma ry c ontri b utor to sola r job c re a ti on wi th i n th e Europe a n U ni on i n 2022,ge ne ra ti ng a pproxi ma te ly 147,000 sola r-re la te d posi ti ons,c onsti tuti ng a sub sta nti a l 23%sh a re (F i gure 4).S e ve ra l me th od ologi c a l re a sons e xpla i n th e d om

142、i na nc e of P ola nd i n sola r job c re a ti on.F i rstly,th e d e ployme nt job s a re ob ta i ne d b y d i vi d i ng th e tota l c ost of work re la te d to P V i nsta lla ti on b y th e la b our c ost i n th e c onstruc ti on se c tor.T h e P oli sh se c tor e xh i b i ts sa la ri e s i n th e

143、low ra nge of Europe a n sa la ri e s,th e re f ore th e ra ti o re sults i n a h i gh e r numb e r of work e rs.F urth e rmore,no oth e r la rge Europe a n P V ma rk e ts a re a s muc h sk e we d towa rd s re si d e nti a l P V th a n P ola nd a nd th e se sma lle r roof top syste ms e nta i l more

144、 job opportuni ti e s c ompa re d to la rge r P V syste ms i n th e c omme rc i a l a nd i nd ustri a l or uti li ty-sc a le se gme nts.F i na lly,th e i nput/output ma tri x yi e ld s h i gh F T E multi pli e rs f or P ola nd c ompa re d to oth e r la rge Europe a n P V ma rk e ts.I n te rms of d i

145、 re c t F T Es only,P ola nd f a lls just b e h i nd G e rma ny,a nd just b e f ore S pa i n,wh i le th e a mount of i nd i re c t job s c re a te d b y P oli sh sola r job s i s h i gh e r th a n i n a ny oth e r c ountry.FIGURE 4 EU-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R I ES AND ANNU AL I NS T AL L ED S OL AR P

146、 V CAP ACI T Y 202200123456789FTEsGWPolandSpainGermanyNetherlandsItalyGreeceFrance2022 FTEs2022 annual capacity20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000146,851103,33795,64342,55339,17441,9114.58.47.44.11.42.52.432,184 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 20232 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ol

147、a r J ob s R e port 202218EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202219P re d i c ta b ly,most of Europe s la rge st P V ma rk e ts,i nc lud i ng S pa i n,G e rma ny,th e N e th e rla nd s a nd I ta ly a ll ra nk wi th i n th e top 7 c ontri b utors,ge ne ra ti ng 103,000;9 6,000;43,000;42,000 F T Es re spe c t

148、i ve ly.Ac ross th e EU me mb e r sta te s ma k i ng th e most sub sta nti a l c ontri b uti ons to sola r job c re a ti on,a nota b le proporti on of e mployme nt ori gi na te s f rom th e roof top se gme nt(F i gure 5).P ola nd s a d va nta ge ous f ra me work f or re si d e nti a l syste ms h a s

149、 le d to ove r 8 7%of job s b e i ng c re a te d i n th i s se gme nt.S i mi la rly,oth e r si gni f i c a nt G W-sc a le P V ma rk e ts li k e I ta ly a nd th e N e th e rla nd s a lso h e a vi ly re ly on roof top job s,c onsti tuti ng 8 7%a nd 7 9%of th e i r tota l sh a re.I n S pa i n,th e prop

150、orti on of i nd i vi d ua ls e mploye d i n roof top syste ms wi tne sse d a re ma rk a b le ri se,c li mb i ng f rom 28%i n 2020 to 44%i n 2021 a nd ulti ma te ly re a c h i ng 52%i n 2022.T h i s ma rk s th e f i rst oc c a si on wh e n roof top i nsta lla ti ons h a ve a c c ounte d f or more th

151、a n h a lf of a ll job s i n S pa i n.Conse q ue ntly,a ll of th e le a d i ng se ve n ma rk e ts now b oa st a sh a re of roof top-re la te d e mployme nt e xc e e d i ng 50%.I n G e rma ny,68%of F T Es ste ms f rom th e roof top se gme nt a s we ll,wh i le th e ra ti o i s 59%i n F ra nc e.Ac ross

152、 th e EU-27 me mb e r sta te s,job growth i n th e sola r i nd ustry re ma i ns si gni f i c a ntly sk e we d towa rd roof top P V syste ms.N e ve rth e le ss,d e spi te th e ra pi d i nc re a se i n roof top i nsta lla ti ons a s a re sponse to th e ongoi ng U k ra i ni a n c onf li c t,th e pe rc

153、e nta ge of sola r job s re la te d to roof top i nsta lla ti ons d e c li ne d f rom 7 6%i n 2021 to 7 3%i n 2022.T h i s sh i f t mi rrors a sli gh t ri se i n th e porti on of uti li ty-sc a le proje c ts wi th i n th e a nnua l sola r i nsta lla ti on,wh i c h i nc h e d up f rom 39%of th e tota

154、 l a nnua l c a pa c i ty i nsta lle d i n 2021 to 40%i n 2022.FIGURE 5 EU-27 T OP 7 F T E COUNT R I ES R OOF T OP V S.U T I L I T Y-S CAL E J OBS BR EAK DOWN 2022 EU-27ItalyFranceGreeceNetherlandsSpainGermanyPoland%00708090100Utility-scaleRooftop S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 20232 E U s ol a

155、 r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 2022202.2.P ros pe c ts 2023-2027 A nota b le upswi ng i n th e numb e r of EU sola r job s i s a nti c i pa te d f or 2023.G i ve n th e si gni f i c a nt re li a nc e of sola r job f i gure s on ye a rly P V i nsta lla ti ons,th e proje c te d 34%e

156、 xpa nsi on i n th e EU sola r ma rk e t f or 2023 i s poi se d to yi e ld posi ti ve i mpli c a ti ons f or job c re a ti on.Our proje c ti ons f or sola r job s e nvi sa ge d a nnua l growth of 24%,re sulti ng i n 8 05,000 f ull-ti me e q ui va le nt posi ti ons(F T Es)wi th i n th e Me d i um S c

157、 e na ri os proje c ti on of 53.8 G W c a pa c i ty a d d i ti ons(F i gure 6).Y e t,sh ould our more a mb i ti ous 65.6 G W H i gh S c e na ri o ma te ri a li se,a re ma rk a b le 64%ye a r-on-ye a r ma rk e t growth i n 2023 would re sult i n a 52%growth i n sola r job s,re a c h i ng 9 8 3,000.Ba

158、 se d on our Me d i um S c e na ri o,th i s tra je c tory of growth le a d s to 1 mi lli on job s a lre a d y b y 2025 a n i mpre ssi ve 56%surge c ompa re d to 2022 le ve ls.H owe ve r,a h e i gh te ne d poli c y a mb i ti on,prope lli ng i nc re a se d sola r d e ployme nt a nd e nh a nc e d e ne

159、rgy se lf-suf f i c i e nc y,c ouple d wi th th e e sta b li sh me nt of la rge r ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ti e s a c ross th e EU,c ould prope l sola r job f i gure s b e yond th e 1.3 mi lli on F T E ma rk i n 2025,a s outli ne d i n th e H i gh S c e na ri o.T h i s a c h i e ve me nt would

160、si gni f y a n e xtra ord i na ry 107%growth f rom 2022.L ook i ng a t 2027,sola r job s c ould re a c h 1.2 mi lli on und e r our Me d i um S c e na ri o(+8 6%f rom 2022),a nd up to 1.6 mi lli on f ollowi ng th e h i gh sc e na ri o(+153%)On th e c ontra ry,our unli k e ly L ow S c e na ri o e nvi

161、si ons c onstra i ne d ma rk e t growth c ouple d wi th prolonge d d e pe nd e nc e on glob a l sola r supply c h a i ns,re sulti ng i n a more li mi te d i nc re a se i n sola r job s.I n th i s sc e na ri o,job f i gure s would re a c h 9 03,000 F T Es pe r ye a r b y 2027,re f le c ti ng a 39%gro

162、wth f rom th e 2022 f i gure s.FIGURE 6 EU-27 S OL AR P V F T E S CENAR I OS 2023-2027 0200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario891,9991,009,068804,7021,208,1351,125,45320232024202520262027202224%13%12%7%11%6

163、48,257 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023EU S ola r J ob s R e port 2022210FTEsHistoricalLowLowLowLowLowMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumHighHighHighHighHigh202220232024202520262027PolysiliconModulesIngots/wafersInvertersCells20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000129,19361,72598,171Exa mi ni ng th e

164、man ufact urin g se c tor,th e f orth c omi ng f i ve ye a rs wi ll se e th e e xte nt of job c re a ti on c lose ly ti e d to th e e f f e c ti ve ne ss of th e re c e ntly e sta b li sh e d EU S ola r P V I nd ustry Alli a nc e (ES I A),wh i c h a i ms to re a c h a mi ni mum of 30 G W of sola r m

165、a nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ty f rom polysi li c on-to-mod ule wi th i n Europe b y 2030.U nd e r our Me d i um S c e na ri o,i n wh i c h th e ES I A ta rge ts a re only pa rti a lly re a li se d (se e me th od ology i n se c ti on 1.2),EU ma nuf a c turi ng job s a re proje c te d to re a c h 49,

166、000 F T Es i n 2023,a nd f urth e r ri se to 9 8,000 uni ts b y 2027,re f le c ti ng a sub sta nti a l 100%i nc re a se c ompa re d to 2022(F i gure 7).Conve rse ly,wi th i n a low-a mb i ti on sc e na ri o c h a ra c te ri ze d b y li mi te d growth i n EU prod uc ti on c a pa c i ty,ma nuf a c tur

167、i ng job s would re a c h 62,000 F T Es b y 2027,re sulti ng i n a 29%growth c ompa re d to 2022.H owe ve r,wi th strong poli ti c a l b a c k i ng f or e sta b li sh i ng a rob ust ma nuf a c turi ng b a se wi th i n th e EU a nd re d uc i ng re li a nc e on supply c h a i ns f rom th i rd c ountri

168、 e s,d ome sti c sola r ma nuf a c turi ng job s c ould soa r to a s h i gh a s 129,000 uni ts i n 2027,i nd i c a ti ng a re ma rk a b le 169%i nc re a se f rom 2022.S uc h growth would e nc ompa ss a ll va lue c h a i n se gme nts,e ve n th ose pre se ntly c ontri b uti ng mi ni ma lly to EU e mpl

169、oyme nt.Anti c i pa ti ons wi th i n th e H i gh S c e na ri o f or 2027 i nc lud e 6,7 00 job s a ri si ng f rom wa f e r a nd i ngot prod uc ti on c omb i ne d a nd 21,8 00 job s ste mmi ng f rom c e ll prod uc ti on.EU ma nuf a c turi ng e xpa nsi on und e r a Me d i um S c e na ri o would a lso

170、e nta i l a n i nc re a se i n mod ule ma nuf a c turi ng job s f rom 7,400 to 26,500 F T Es b y 2027,wh i le i nve rte r ma nuf a c turi ng job s would ri se f rom 35,200 to 48,100 wi th i n th e sa me pe ri od.S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023FIGURE 7 EU-27 S OL AR MANUF ACT UR I NG J OBS S CENAR I OS

171、 2023-2027 2 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202222T h e va ri a nc e i n ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ti e s a mong th e th re e sc e na ri os i s a lre a d y q ui te h i gh e ve n i n th e sh ort te rm,a s se ve ra l c ompa ni e s h a ve se t i nte ri m ta rge ts b y 2

172、025 a s pa rt of la rge r pla ns towa rd s 2030.H owe ve r,th e i mple me nta ti on of pla ns f or ne w prod uc ti on f a c i li ti e s wi ll re q ui re some ti me to c ome to f rui ti on.R a pi d e sta b li sh me nt of la rge ma nuf a c turi ng c a pa c i ti e s wi th i n a sh ort ti me f ra me i s

173、 unli k e ly d ue to th e c urre nt mod e st sta rti ng le ve ls a c ross va ri ous se gme nts of th e va lue c h a i n,pa rti c ula rly i n i ngots a nd wa f e rs.T h e d i f f e re nti a ti on b e c ome s i nc re a si ngly noti c e a b le towa rd th e la te r ye a rs of th e ob se rve d pe ri od.B

174、e c a use th e d e c i si ons ma d e tod a y ne c e ssi ta te si gni f i c a nt pla nni ng,f i na nc i ng,a nd c onstruc ti on of ma nuf a c turi ng pla nts,th e i r e f f e c ts wi ll only b e c ome a ppa re nt se ve ra l ye a rs d own th e li ne.S ta rti ng f rom 2026 i n th e H i gh S c e na ri o

175、,th e numb e r of ma nuf a c turi ng job s c rosse s th e symb oli c 100,000 la nd ma rk.T h i s re mi nd s th a t d e ve lopi ng a d ome sti c sola r P V i nd ustry i s not only a ma tte r of e ne rgy se c uri ty a nd d i ve rsi f i c a ti on of supply c h a i ns,i t a lso h a s b e ne f i c i a l

176、tri c k le-d own e f f e c t wi th th e c re a ti on of nume rous c le a n a nd loc a l job s.T h e va ri ous a c ti vi ti e s e nc ompa ssi ng proc ure me nt,c onstruc ti on,i nsta lla ti on,a nd oth e r pa rts of P V syste m d e ployme nt a re proje c te d to yi e ld 68 4,000 job opportuni ti e s

177、i n 2023,i nd i c a ti ng a 26%i nc re a se f rom th e pre c e d i ng ye a r(F i gure 8).Exte nd i ng th e a na lysi s b e yond,De ployme nt job s a re poi se d f or susta i ne d e xpa nsi on,re a c h i ng a tota l of 9 7 0,000 F T Es b y 2027 und e r our Me d i um S c e na ri o.G i ve n th e i r su

178、sc e pti b i li ty to th e osc i lla ti ons wi th i n th e a nnua l EU sola r ma rk e t,De ployme nt job s c ould pote nti a lly ra nge f rom a lowe r e sti ma te of 7 24,000 to a h i gh e r e sti ma te of 1.3 mi lli on b y th e ye a r 2027.FIGURE 8 EU-27 S OL AR DEP L OY MENT J OBS S CENAR I OS 202

179、3-20270200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario2023202420252026202720229%12%10%6%26%542,406742,584684,384914,899828,892970,342 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202223U nli k e De ployme nt job s,wh i c h

180、 a re i nf lue nc e d b y th e a nnua l osc i lla ti ons of th e P V ma rk e t a nd c onse q ue ntly sub je c t to ye a r-to-ye a r c h a nge s,O&M role s a re li nk e d to th e ove ra ll ope ra ti ona l c a pa c i ty of sola r i nsta lla ti ons a nd d i spla y a h e i gh te ne d le ve l of pre d i

181、c ta b i li ty.T h e se posi ti ons a re a nti c i pa te d to und e rgo ste a d y d oub le-d i gi t growth f rom 2023 to 2027,c h a ra c te ri se d b y mi ni ma l f luc tua ti ons.T h e work f orc e of 52,400 F T Es e nga ge d i n sola r O&M i n 2022 i s f ore c a ste d to wi tne ss a 23%ri se,re a

182、c h i ng 64,000 F T Es i n 2023,f ollowe d b y a sub se q ue nt i nc re a se to 126,000 posi ti ons b y 2027 (F i gure 9).FIGURE 9 EU-27 S OL AR O&M J OBS S CENAR I OS 2023-2027 020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario202

183、32024202520262027202223%19%18%16%21%52,37677,83492,899109,337126,34264,483 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023 Ba yWa r.e.2 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202224Employme nt opportuni ti e s ori gi na ti ng f rom th e De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng se c tor a re sti ll mi

184、nor i n c ompa ri son to th e ove ra ll sola r job s la nd sc a pe.T h i s i s d ue to th e f a c t th a t a la rge a mount of P V sta rte d to b e d e ploye d i n th e e a rly 2000s,a nd wi th a prod uc t li f e ti me of 30 ye a rs or more,only a ve ry sma ll porti on of c urre nt i nsta lle d mod

185、ule s a re a lre a d y re a c h i ng th e e nd of th e i r ope ra ti ona l li f e.T h e c urre nt wa ste stre a ms ge ne ra te d a re c omi ng f rom mod ule s th a t h a ve b e e n d a ma ge d d uri ng tra nsporta ti on a nd i nsta lla ti on,e a rly f a i lure s d uri ng th e f i rst ye a rs of ope

186、ra ti on,or th e re powe ri ng of old e r prod uc ts b e i ng re pla c e d wi th ne we r a nd more e f f i c i e nt mod e ls.H owe ve r,th i s e mployme nt tre nd i s poi se d to c h a nge c onsi d e ra b ly i n th e me d i um to long te rm,a s a n i nc re a si ng numb e r of P V syste ms wi ll i ne

187、 vi ta b ly re a c h th e e nd of th e i r ope ra ti ona l li f e spa ns.I n 2022,job s ste mmi ng f rom th i s se gme nt re ma i n li mi te d,wi th a b out 5,200 F T Es,ye t th e sh ort to me d i um te rm proje c ti ons i nd i c a te si gni f i c a nt growth.By th e ye a r 2027,i t i s e xpe c te d

188、 th a t sola r e mployme nt opportuni ti e s wi th i n th e De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng d oma i n wi ll e xpa nd to e nc ompa ss 13,300 F T Es(F i gure 10).FIGURE 10 EU-27 S OL AR DECOMMI S S I ONI NG&R ECY CL I NG J OBS S CENAR I OS ,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,0

189、00FTEsHistorical dataLow ScenarioHigh ScenarioMedium Scenario20232024202520262027202229%28%24%10%13%5,2469,7727,6346,74212,10113,280 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202225EU S ola r J ob s R e port 2021Duri ng th e c ourse of our proje c te d f i ve-ye a r f ore c a st pe ri

190、od,th e tota l c ount of EU sola r job s i s se t to e xpe ri e nc e growth a c ross a ll f our se gme nts of th e va lue c h a i n.H owe ve r,th e i r re la ti ve d i stri b uti on i s a nti c i pa te d to und e rgo only mi nor a d justme nts.T h e sola r job b re a k d own pe r se gme nt a c c ord

191、 i ng to our Me d i um S c e na ri o i s i llustra te d i n F i gure 11.Wh i le job s li nk e d to De ployme nt wi ll re ma i n pre d omi na nt b y a si gni f i c a nt ma rgi n,th e i r proporti on i s e xpe c te d to e xh i b i t a mi nor re d uc ti on f rom 8 5%to 8 0%ove r th e pe ri od 2023-2027

192、.Conc urre ntly,th e re ma i ni ng th re e se gme nts a re proje c te d to ma rgi na lly e nh a nc e th e i r re spe c ti ve sh a re s:Ma nuf a c turi ng job s wi ll i nc re a se f rom 7%to 8%,O&M f rom 8%to 10%,wh i le De c ommi ssi oni ng&R e c yc li ng posi ti ons a re e xpe c te d to grow a nd s

193、li gh tly e xc e e d th e 1%ma rk b y th e e nd of th i s pe ri od.FIGURE 11 EU-27 S OL AR J OBS BR EAK DOWN EV OL U T I ON 0405060708090100%Decommissioning&RecyclingOperations&MaintenanceDeploymentManufacturing20222023202420252026202784%85%83%82%81%80%8%8%9%9%10%10%7%6%7%8%8%8%0.8%0.

194、8%0.9%1.0%1.1%1.1%S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 20232 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202226Me mb e r S ta te s c ontri b uti ons to sola r job c re a ti on i n 2027 a re not proje c te d to und e rgo si gni f i c a nt sh i f ts c ompa re d to th e pre se nt la nd sc a pe (F i

195、 gure 12).G e rma ny,wh i c h c urre ntly sta nd s a s th e la rge st EU s sola r f le e t,i s a nti c i pa te d to a sc e nd to th e f ore f ront of sola r job c re a ti on a s we ll.Envi si one d to h a ve 210,000 F T Es und e r th e Me d i um S c e na ri o,G e rma ny sh ould surpa ss th e c urre

196、nt le a d i ng c ontri b utor,P ola nd,b y a 47,000 ma rgi n.S pa i n,e xpe c te d to ra nk se c ond i n 2027,wi ll pla y a sub sta nti a l role wi th 17 9,000 F T Es.P ola nd wi ll k e e p i ts posi ti on a mong th e top job-c ontri b uti ng c ountri e s wi th 164,000 F T Es b ut wi ll d rop two sp

197、ots to ra nk#3.G re e c e,I ta ly,a nd F ra nc e,a lre a d y oc c upyi ng posi ti ons i n th e top 7 la st ye a r,wi ll re ma i n a mongst th e la rge st sola r e mploye rs.I n th e Me d i um S c e na ri o,th e le a d i ng 7 ma rk e ts a re e xpe c te d to yi e ld 8 8 6,000 F T Es,c onsti tuti ng 7

198、3%of tota l EU sola r job s i n 2027,wh i le th e re ma i ni ng 20 Me mb e r S ta te s a re se t to c ontri b ute th e re ma i ni ng 27%sh a re.FIGURE 12 EU-27 T OP 7 COUNT R I ES S CENAR I OS 20270FTEsGermanyPolandSpainItalyFranceGreeceRomaniaLow scenarioMedium scenarioHigh scenario50,000100,000150

199、,000200,000250,000300,000162,878135,221121,00160,86361,47456,15141,300210,409179,022163,81387,28085,01182,24878,089262,004220,963232,863115,757139,895130,63988,456 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202227Wi th th e a nti c i pa te d c h a nge s i n th e d i stri b uti on b e tw

200、e e n roof top a nd uti li ty-sc a le a nnua l c a pa c i ti e s,pri ma ri ly c h a ra c te ri se d b y a n i nc re a si ng sh a re of uti li ty-sc a le P V powe r pla nts,a c orre spond i ng sh i f t i n th e d i vi si on of job s wi ll a ppe a r(F i gure 13).T h e ri se of la rge-sc a le i nsta ll

201、a ti ons wi ll re d uc e th e d omi na nc e of roof top-re la te d F T Es f rom 7 3%i n 2022 to 63%i n 2027.FIGURE 13 EU-27 T OP 7 COUNT R I ES -R OOF T OP V S.U T I L I T Y-S CAL E J OBS BR EAK DOWN 2027 EU-27RomaniaItalyGreeceFranceSpainPolandGermany%00708090100Utility-scaleRooftop S OL

202、 AR P OWER EU R OP E 20232 E U s ol a r j ob s /c onti nue dEU S ola r J ob s R e port 202228Our proje c ti ons i n la st ye a rs EU S ola r J ob s R e port prove d to b e a n und e re sti ma te of th e a c tua l job c re a ti on ob se rve d i n 2022.At th a t ti me,our Me d i um S c e na ri o f ore

203、 c a ste d a pproxi ma te ly 530,000 job s f or 2022.H owe ve r,th e f i gure re porte d i n th i s ye a rs re port i s 22%h i gh e r th a n our pre vi ous e sti ma te.T h i s d i sc re pa nc y c a n b e a ttri b ute d to th e d i spa ri ty i n a nti c i pa te d sola r P V d e ployme nt.I n our 2022

204、 stud y,we h a d proje c te d th e a d d i ti on of 33 G W of sola r P V i n 2022.I n re a li ty,ove r 40 G W wa s i nsta lle d,surpa ssi ng our i ni ti a l f ore c a st b y 21%,d ue to th e e xtra ord i na ry c i rc umsta nc e s d ri ve n b y th e R ussi a n wa r i n U k ra i ne a nd th e e ne rgy

205、c ri si s.As a re sult,our upd a te d Me d i um S c e na ri o outlook i s now more opti mi sti c c ompa re d to a ye a r a go.Conse q ue ntly,we a nti c i pa te h i gh e r le ve ls of job c re a ti on f or th e c omi ng ye a rs(2023-2027),wi th i nc re a se d job c re a ti on e xpe c ta ti ons ra ng

206、i ng f rom 40%to 47%,re f le c ti ng th e e le va te d a mb i ti on a nd e xpa nd e d sola r d e ployme nt a c ross th e EU.FIGURE 14 COMP AR I S ON MEDI UM S CENAR I O OF EU J OBS R EP OR T 2022 AND EU J OBS R EP OR T 20230200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,000FTEsEU Jobs report 20

207、22EU Jobs report 2023%change from last years report20232024202520262027202222%40%42%46%47%529,627574,013626,697692,134763,152648,257804,702891,9991,009,0681,125,4531,208,135 S OL AR P OWER EU R OP E 2023 G a b ri e le R h le/ABO Wi nd.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202229Anne xANNEX TABLE 1 S UP P L Y C

208、HAI N NACE CODES US ED I N F T E MUL T I P L I ER S F OR T HE CAL CUL AT I ON OF I NDI RECT J OBS V AL U E CHAI N E MP L OY ME N T T Y P EN ACE COD ENACE S E CT ORMan ufact urin gP olysi li c on C20 Ma nuf a c turi ng of c h e mi c a ls a nd c h e mi c a l prod uc ts I ngot/wa f e r C26 Ma nuf a c t

209、uri ng of c ompute r,e le c troni c a nd opti c a l prod uc ts Ce lls C26 Ma nuf a c turi ng of c ompute r,e le c troni c a nd opti c a l prod uc ts Mod ule s C26 Ma nuf a c turi ng of c ompute r,e le c troni c a nd opti c a l prod uc ts I nve rte rs C27 Ma nuf a c turi ng of e le c tri c a l e q ui

210、 pme nt Deploymen tDe ployme ntF Construc ti on O&MO&MF Construc ti on Decommis s ion in g&recyclin g De c ommi ssi oni ng F Construc ti on R e c yc li ngE37 T 39 S e we ra ge,wa ste ma na ge me nt a nd re me d i a ti on a c ti vi ti e s Source:Eurosta t.ANNEX TABLE 2 EMP L OY MENT F ACT OR S US ED

211、F OR S OL AR MANUF ACT URI NG J OBS (F T E/MW)COMP ONE NTF T E/MWPolys ilicon 0.12 In got/wafer 0.25 Cells 0.8 0 Modules 0.8 0 In vert er 0.36 Source:I R EN A,I nd ustry surve y.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 202230Anne xANNEX TABLE 3 CAP EX OF P V S Y S T EMS I N EU-27 MEMBER S T AT ES CAP E X OF P V S

212、 Y S T E MS(E U R/W)I N 2022(P R I CE S WI T HOU T V AT)COU NT R YR E S I D E N T I ALCOMME R CI ALI N D U S T R I ALU T I L I T Y-S CAL EAus t ria 1.66 1.07 0.8 0 0.64 Balt ic St at es 1.42 0.9 4 0.7 5 0.7 6 Belgium 1.36 1.02 0.8 5 0.9 1 Bulgaria 1.20 0.8 2 0.7 1 0.7 3 Czech Republic 0.9 4 0.64 0.5

213、5 0.46 Den mark 1.44 0.9 8 0.9 0 1.04 Fin lan d 1.40 0.9 3 0.7 3 0.7 6 Fran ce 1.8 5 1.36 1.05 1.05 German y 1.66 1.17 1.07 0.9 0 Greece 1.64 1.12 1.12 1.06 Hun gary 0.9 4 0.64 0.55 1.15 It aly 1.40 1.10 0.9 7 0.7 0 Net herlan ds 1.55 1.29 1.22 1.10 Polan d 1.17 0.9 9 0.8 4 0.9 5 Port ugal 1.39 1.14

214、 0.9 9 0.8 9 Roman ia 1.64 1.12 0.9 6 0.7 8 Slovak ia 1.17 0.8 0 0.69 0.59 Sloven ia 1.16 0.7 9 0.68 0.8 7 Spain 1.44 0.9 4 0.8 7 0.7 0 Sweden 1.47 1.20 1.05 1.05 Res t of EU 1.47 1.19 1.11 1.19Source:I R EN A P owe r Ge ne ra ti on Cost(2021&2022),S P E c a lc ula ti on.EU S ola r J ob s R e port 2

215、02231Anne xANNEX TABLE 4 CAP EX BREAK DOWN F OR ROOF T OP AND UT I L I T Y-S CAL E P V S Y S T EMS CAP E X BR E AK D OWN-R OOF T OP S Y S T E MSMAI N COS T SCOS T CAT E GOR YP E R CE NT AGEHardware cos t sMod ule 27.19%I nve rte r 10.54%BOS 17.54%In s t allat ion labourI nsta lla ti on la b our14.8

216、0%Soft cos t Custome r a c q ui si ti on 3.28%P roc ure me nt&pe rmi tti ng 5.8 9%Ma rgi n 20.7 5%Source:I EA-P V P S.CAP E X BR E AK D OWN-U T I L I T Y-S CAL E S Y S T E MSMAI N COS T SCOS T CAT E GOR YP E R CE NT AGEHardware cos t sMod ule s 36.7%I nve rte rs 6.6%R a c k i ng&mounti ng 17.2%Gri d

217、 c onne c ti on 8.5%Ca b li ng/wi ri ng 2.5%S a f e ty&se c uri ty 1.9%Moni tori ng&c ontrol 2.4%In s t allat ion labourMe c h a ni c a l i nsta lla ti on 6.1%Ele c tri c a l i nsta lla ti on 2.3%I nspe c ti on 0.5%Soft cos t sMa rgi n 5.5%F i na nc i ng c osts 1.5%S yste m d e si gn 4.7%P e rmi tti

218、 ng 2.2%I nc e nti ve a ppli c a ti on 1.0%Custome r a c q ui si ti on 0.6%Source:I EA-P V P S,I R EN A,I nd ustry surve y.S ol a rP owe r E u rope -L e a d ing the E ne rg y T ra ns ition R ond-P oi nt R ob e rt S c h uma n 3,1040 Brusse ls,Be lgi um T +32 2 7 09 55 20 /F +32 2 7 25 32 50 i nf osola rpowe re urope.org /www.s ol a rpowe re u rope.orgI S BN N U MBE R 9789464669084