1、1CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaJanuary 2024Carbon Capture,Usage&Storage(CCUS)Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China2Report funded by UK Government and prepared byTable of contentsForeword 1Executive

2、Summary 3Chapter 1.Introduction 4Chapter 2.CCUS Progress 62.1 Carbon Capture 92.2 Carbon Transport 112.3 Carbon Usage 132.4 Carbon Storage 142.5 Deployment of CCUS Clusters in China 152.6 CCUS Government Policies in China 172.7 CCUS Standards in China 182.8 China CCUS Market Outlook 182.9 Cost of CC

3、US in China 20Chapter 3.UK CCUS Strategy and Capability 223.1 Current CCUS Deployment Plans in the UK 233.2 UKs Capability in the CCUS Sector 23Chapter 4.China CCUS Supply Chain Assessment 264.1 Carbon Capture Supply Chain 284.2 CO2 Transport Supply Chain 284.3 CO2 Usage Supply Chain 304.4 CO2 Stora

4、ge Supply Chain 324.5 Commercial Opportunities for UK CCUS Companies 324.6 Foreign Company Entry 33Chapter 5.UK CCUS Companies in China and Strengthening UK-China Collaboration 345.1 UK CCUS Companies Presence in China Collaboration 355.2 Suggestions for Enhancing UK-China Collaboration on CCUS 365.

5、3 Market Risks and Mitigation Strategies 373CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China4I am delighted to be writing the foreword to this excellent report into the opportunities in China for UK businesses in Carbon Capture,Usage&Storage(CCUS).Both the UK a

6、nd China have ambitious targets for reducing carbon emissions-net zero emissions by 2050 for the UK and carbon neutrality by 2060 for China.CCUS is an important part of achieving this and offers a pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and secure a sustainable future.The UKs independent Climate

7、Change Committee(CCC)has described CCUS as a necessity,not an option.This comprehensive report examines the critical aspects of CCUS technology,its current state,and the immense potential it holds for both the UK and China.It outlines the opportunities for collaboration across the CCUS supply chain

8、highlighting areas where the UK and China should work together to accelerate the advancement and expedite the deployment of CCUS solutions and how to maximise their impact.Chinas impressive portfolio of nearly one hundred CCUS projects across various sectors,along with its ambitious goals for carbon

9、 capture capacity expansion,presents a significant opportunity for collaboration.UK industry holds the potential to contribute its commercial expertise in engineering consultancy,project development,financing,and the supply of key components.Through strengthened cooperation,we can enhance our capabi

10、lities and drive forward innovation in CCUS technology.In particular,this report identifies several sectors within the CCUS domain where UK companies can make significant commercial contributions,including high-efficiency amine solutions,biomass carbon capture solutions,offshore carbon storage solut

11、ions,and key CCUS equipment,among others.This report also highlights challenges that UK companies may encounter when entering the Chinese market,while explaining that China actively encourages foreign investment and participation in the CCUS industry,as evidenced by the policies and initiatives.I ho

12、pe that this report serves as a catalyst for increased participation by UK companies in CCUS projects in China.There is much potential for commercial success,as well as addressing the global challenge of climate change that transcends borders.By working together,we can unlock the full potential of C

13、CUS and contribute to a sustainable future for all.I would like to express my gratitude to the UK companies that have contributed to this report through their valuable insights and expertise.I also extend my sincere thanks to the dedicated teams and experts who have compiled this report.I look forwa

14、rd to seeing the positive impact that this work has on UK-China collaboration in CCUS and on the global fight against climate change.His Majestys Trade CommissionerForeword1CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaKey messages from the reportThe UK and C

15、hina both recognise the essential role of CCUS in their decarbonisation strategies and are at the forefront of the global efforts to deploy this transformative technology.The UKs commitment to earmark 20 billion in the development of four CCUS clusters by 2030,coupled with Chinas extensive portfolio

16、 of approximately one hundred CCUS projects spanning diverse industries,highlights how they both have leading roles in the global CCUS sector.The UKs CCUS industry are well-positioned to tap into substantial opportunities within the fast-growing Chinese CCUS market.The UK excels in multiple CCUS sec

17、tors,including critical carbon capture component manufacturing,offshore CO2 transport and storage technologies,and a dedication to CCUS innovation.Several UK companies have already ventured into Chinas CCUS market,signalling promising opportunities for collaboration and growth.Collaboration between

18、China and the UK in the CCUS sector will yield benefits that extend beyond national borders,contributing to the global efforts of combating climate change.China encourages foreign investment in its CCUS sector,and the contribution of UK companies would aid in decarbonising the worlds largest CO2 emi

19、tter,thereby creating positive impacts on a global scale.0102032Executive SummaryThe United Kingdom(UK)and the Peoples Republic of China(herewith referred to as China)are both committed to developing strong carbon capture,usage and storage(CCUS)industries to achieve their respective targets of net z

20、ero by 2050 and carbon neutrality by 2060.Given their shared commitment towards CCUS,this report aims to identify opportunities for alignment between the UK and China in the CCUS supply chain and to provide recommendations for how the two countries can work together to accelerate the scaling up of C

21、CUS demonstrations and unlock the full potential of the technologies.China currently has approximately one hundred CCUS projects spanning various phases,offering a prime window for CCUS technology deployment between 2025 and 2035.To achieve carbon neutrality by 2060,China must significantly increase

22、 its carbon capture capacity from 6 Mt/yr to 2100-2500 Mt/yr,according to the assessment by Chinas Ministry of Science and Technology.The UK Government has committed 20 billion for early CCUS deployment.Key UK capabilities,such as engineering consultancy,project development,financing expertise,and c

23、omponent supply,can add value in the Chinese market.In specific CCUS sectors,UK companies can excel.High-efficiency amine solutions are in demand in the amine-based carbon capture sector.Additionally,the UK can be competitive in supplying heat exchangers,column internals,and filters.Other sectors li

24、ke biomass flue gas carbon capture,CO2 separation membranes and direct air capture,all offer collaboration opportunities due to limited Chinese experience.Chinas CO2 transport sector currently relies on tanker transport but has potential for pipeline design,planning,and construction.UK expertise in

25、pipeline design,corrosion resistance,and detection can contribute.In the CO2 storage field,UK companies can find opportunities in carbon storage and monitoring processes,including injection,risk analysis,leakage management,and advanced monitoring techniques.Offshore CO2 storage offers potential for

26、UK capabilities in reservoir design,marine and subsea operations.Two primary barriers exist for UK companies in China:restrictions on foreign ownership of water transport companies and state-owned oil company dominance in CO2 storage.China actively encourages foreign investment in the CCUS industry,

27、as evidenced by its policies and the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment.The need to decarbonize Chinas economy and address climate change presents significant commercial opportunities for the UKs CCUS-related industries.Collaborative efforts between China and the UK on climat

28、e change issues will yield benefits that extend beyond national borders,fostering advantages for the global community.100 CCUS ProjectsNet Zero EmissionsUKChinaCarbon Neutrality20502060003CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and Chinalmage source:CSSC Jiangna

29、n ShipyardChapter 1.Introduction4Carbon Capture Usage and Storage(CCUS)captures CO2 emissions from industry or power generation,offering options for CO2 usage or permanent underground storage.CCUS is vital in combatting climate change by preventing CO2 release into the atmosphere,reducing emissions

30、from key industries.Both the UK and China recognise CCUSs importance and support its development.In the UK,CCUS is crucial for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 and fostering a greener economy.The government has launched initiatives like the 1 billion CCUS Infrastructure Fund and the 315 million

31、Industrial Decarbonisation Challenge,while also committing 20 billion for early CCUS cluster deployment.China,too,considers CCUS pivotal in its national development plans,with approximately one hundred CCUS projects across various sectors already underway.The UK has a history of international collab

32、oration in CCUS,notably with China.The UK CCS Research Centre(UKCCSRC)and Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage(SCCS)partnered with the Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute(GEDI)to establish the UK-China(Guangdong)CCUS Centre in 2013,promoting CCUS research and projects in China.Given the shared

33、commitment to CCUS,there are significant opportunities for UK-China collaboration in the CCUS supply chain.This report identifies these opportunities and provides recommendations for unlocking CCUSs full potential.The government has committing 20 bil-lion for early CCUS cluster deployment.China,too,

34、considers CCUS pivotal in its national development plans,with approx-imately 100 CCUS projects across various sectors already underway.20 100 CCUS Projects05540billionCCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China5Chapter 2.CCUS Progressin ChinaChi

35、na Energy Taizhou Power Plants 500,000t/yr Carbon Capture Project(Photo courtesy of China Energy)6Table 2-1 List of representative CCUS projects in China(arranged by the earliest first）No.Project Name(Scale)SectorEntityStart Year(Status*)Location1Daqing Oilfield CO2-EOR Demo (200 kt/yr)OilChina Nati

36、onal Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)2003(O)Daqing,Heilongjiang2Jilin Oilfield CO2-EOR Project(600 kt/yr)OilCNPC2008(O)Songyuan,Jilin3Shidongkou Power Plant Carbon Capture Demo(120 kt/yr)PowerChina Huaneng Group2009(O)Shanghai4Shuanghuai Power Plant Carbon Capture Demo(10 kt/yr)PowerState Power Investmen

37、t Corporation2010(O)Chongqing5Ordos Basin Saline Aquifer Storage Project(100 kt/yr)ChemicalChina Energy Investment Corporation2011(M)Erdos,Inner Mongolia6Datang Beijing Gaojing Plant Gas Turbine CO2 Capture Project(2 kt/yr)PowerChina Datang Corporation2012(O)Beijing735MW Oxy-fuel Combustion Demo(100

38、 kt/yr)PowerHuazhong University of Science and Technology2014(O)Yingcheng,Hubei8Xinjiang Oilfield CO2-EOR Project(100 kt/yr)OilCNPC2015(O)Karamay,Xinjiang9IGCC Power Plant Carbon Capture Project(100 kt/yr)PowerChina Huaneng Group2016(O)Tianjin10CO2 Reforming to Syngas Plant(20 kt/yr)ChemicalShanghai

39、 Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences2017(O)Changzhi,ShanxiChinas emissions from the energy combustion and industrial process amounted to 12.1 Gt CO2 in 2022,accounting for 32.8 percent of the global total,making it the worlds largest emitter of carbon1.According to the latest nat

40、ionwide survey conducted by the China Ministry of Science and Technology,as of the end of 2022,there are a total of 96 CCUS projects in China either in operation,under construction,or in the planning stages,with operational CO2 capture capacity of 6 Mt/yr2.Table 2-1 illustrates representative CCUS p

41、rojects in China,covering various sectors such as the power,cement,steel,chemical and oil sectors.Collectively,these projects have a total CO2 capture capacity of approximately 9 million tons per year,with the majority of the captured CO2 being utilised and less than 1 million tons being stored geol

42、ogically.1.International Energy Agency(IEA),CO2 Emissions in 2022R,20232.The Administrative Center for Chinas Agenda 21,Global CCS Institute,CCUS Progress in China A Status ReportR,20237CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China11Changqing Oilfield CO2-EO

43、R Project(50 kt/yr)OilCNPC2017(O)Yulin,Shaanxi12Baimashan Cement Plant Carbon Capture Demo(50 kt/yr)CementAnhui Conch Cement2018(O)Wuhu,Anhui13Guangdong Carbon Capture Test Platform(20 kt/yr)PowerChina Resources Power2019(O)Shanwei,Guangdong14Huadian Jurong Power Plant Carbon Capture Demo(10 kt/yr)P

44、owerChina Huadian Corporation2019(O)Zhenjiang,Jiangsu15CO2-based Biodegradable Plastics Project(300 kt/yr)ChemicalChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences2021(O)Jilin16CO2 Capture Project of Exhaust Gas from Coal Hydrogen Production(200 kt/yr)ChemicalSinopec2021(O)Nanjing

45、,Jiangsu17Baotou Steel CCUS Project(2000 kt/yr)SteelBaotou Steel2021(C)Baotou,Inner Mongolia18Jinjie Power Plant CCUS Project(150 kt/yr)PowerChina Energy Investment Corporation2021(O)Yulin,Shaanxi19Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO2 Reinjection Demo(300 kt/yr)OilChina National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)2

46、022(O)Offshore,Guangdong20Qflu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield Project(1000 kt/yr)OilSinopec2022(O)Shandong21Yanchang Petroleum CO2-EOR Demo(300 kt/yr)Chemical and OilYanchang Petroleum Group2022(O)Yulin,Shaanxi22Chemical loopingcombustion megawatt-class demon projectPowerDongfang Boiler Group,Total2

47、022(O)Deyang,Sichuan23Guanghui Energy CCUS Project (100 kt/yr)OilGuanghui Energy2022(C)Hami,Xinjiang24Lanxi Power Plant CCUS Project(15 kt/yr)PowerZhejiang Provincial Energy Group2022(C)Lanxi,Zhejiang25Caofeidian CCUS Demo(150 kt/yr)PowerChina Resources Power2022(C)Tangshan,Hebei26Longdong CCUS Proj

48、ect(1500 kt/yr)PowerChina Huaneng Group2023(C)Qingyang,Gansu27Taizhou Power Plant CCUS Project(500 kt/yr)PowerChina Energy Investment Corporation2023(O)Taizhou,Jiangsu28Changxing Island Power Plant CCUS Demo(100 kt/yr)PowerState Power Investment Corporation2023(O)Shanghai29Ningdong Base CCUS Demonst

49、ration Project(1000 kt/yr)Chemical and OilChina Energy Investment Corporation,CNPC2023(C)Ningxia*O means in operation,C means under construction,M means under CO2 storage monitoring.Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China8China employs various carbon capture technologies,including oxy-fuel combustion,pre-c

50、ombustion,and post-combustion(Table 2-2).Most carbon capture demonstration projects in China focus on the power sector,primarily using post-combustion capture with amine solution.Other methods are also being explored,such as membrane CO2 separation at the China Resources Haifeng CCUS demonstration p

51、roject and pre-combustion carbon capture combined with integrated gas combined cycle(IGCC)at the Huaneng plant in Tianjin.Oxy-fuel combustion for CO2 capture is operational at Huazhong University of Science and Technology,while chemical looping combustion for CO2 capture is applied in Deyang,Sichuan

52、 Province.In the cement sector,Conch Cement pioneered Chinas first carbon capture plant in 2018,capable of producing 30,000 tons of food-grade CO2 and 20,000 tons of industrial-grade CO2 annually.United Cement Qingzhou started a carbon capture demo project in June 2023,using the oxy-fuel combustion

53、process(200 kt/yr).China Resources Cements oxy-fuel combustion and carbon capture project(100 kt/yr)in Zhaoqing,Guangdong,awaits commencement after successful environmental assessment.In the steel sector,Baosteel is constructing Chinas first carbon capture project in Baotou,Inner Mongolia,with an am

54、ine-based CO2 capture system aiming to capture 2 million tons of CO2 annually,including a 500,000t/yr carbon capture project in its first phase.The captured CO2 will be utilised through reactions with steel slag and for EOR purposes.In the coal chemical sector,Rectisol CO2 separation technology,usin

55、g methanol as a solvent,is commonly applied in the process of capturing high-concentration CO2(80%vol.)in the water-to-gas shift process.Representative cases of this technology include the Yanchang Petroleum CCUS Project and the Ningdong CCUS Demonstration Project.2.1 Carbon CaptureFig.2-1 Natural G

56、as Power Plant Carbon Capture Demostration Project(2 kt/yr)at Huaneng Yangpu Plant,Hainan Province(Photo courtesy of Huaneng)9CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaTable 2-2 Representative carbon capture projects in China(arranged by sector and chrono

57、logical order)Project Name(Scale)Operating Entity TechnologySectorStart Year(Status*)LocationHuaneng Shidongkou Power Plant Carbon Capture Demo(120 kt/yr)Huaneng GroupPost-combustionPower2009(O)ShanghaiDatang Beijing Gaojing Plant Gas Turbine CO2 Capture Project(2 kt/yr)China Datang CorporationPost-

58、combustionPower2014(O)BeijingHUST 35 MW Oxy Combustion(100 kt/yr)Huazhong Uni-versity of Science and TechnologyOxy-fuel combustionPower2015(O)Yingcheng,HubeiTianjin IGCC power plant carbon capture(100 kt/yr)Huaneng GroupPre-combustionPower2016(O)TianjinGuangdong Carbon Capture Platform(20 ky/yr)Chin

59、a Resources PowerPost-combustionPower2019(O)Shanwei,GuangdongChina Energy Jinjie CCS Full Chain Demonstration(150 kt/yr)China Energy Investment GroupPost-combustionPower2021(O)Yulin,ShaanxiChemical looping combustion megawatt-class demon projectDongfang Boiler Group,TotalChemical looping combustionP

60、ower2022(O)Deyang,SichuanTaizhou Plant CO2 Capture and Utilization Project(500 kt/yr)China Energy Investment Group Post-combustionPower2023(O)Taizhou,JiangsuLongdong CCUS Project(1500 kt/yr)Huaneng GroupPost-combustionPower2023(C)Qingyang,GansuHuaneng Yangpu Natural Gas Plant Carbon Capture Demo(2 k

61、t/yr)Huaneng GroupPost-combustionPower2023(O)Danzhou,HainanBaimashan Cement Plant Carbon Capture Demo(50 kt/yr)Anhui Conch Cement Post-combustionCement2018(O)Wuhu,AnhuiUnited Cement Qingzhou Carbon Capture Demo(200 kt/yr)China National Building MaterialOxy-fuel combustionCement2023(C)Weifang,Shandon

62、gBaotou Steel CCUSintegration demonstration project(2000 kt/yr)Baotou Steel Post-combustionSteel2022(C)Baotou,Inner MongoliaYanchang Petroleum CCUS Project(300 kt/yr)Shaanxi Yan-chang Petroleum GroupPre-combustion(Rectisol)Chemical2012(O)Yulin,ShaanxiSinopec Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUSP

63、roject(1000 kt/yr)Sinopec Pre-combustion(Rectisol)Chemical2022(O)Zibo,ShandongNingdong CCUS Demon Project(2500kt/yr)China Energy Investment Group,CNPCPre-combustion(Rectisol)Chemical2022(C)Ningdong,Ningxia*O means in operation,C means under construction.Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China10Fig.2-2 Carb

64、on Capture Facility at Yanchang Petroleum Yulin Coal Chemical Plant,Shaanxi Province(Photo courtesy of Yanchang Petroleum)Table 2-3 CCUS projects transporting CO2 with pipeline in ChinaProject Name(Scale)StatusDistance(km)CNPC Daqing Oilfield CO2-EOR Demo(200 kt/yr)Operation-CNPC Jilin Oilfield CO2-

65、EOR Project(600 kt/yr)Operation20Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS Project(1000 kt/yr)Under construction1082.2 Carbon TransportCCUS projects in China are mostly in the demonstration stage and are generally small-scale.Tanker transport is currently the prevailing method.China possesses

66、 the capacity to construct CO2 transport vessels.China International Marine Containers(Group)has collaborated with China Resources Power to develop a CO2 transport ship design and operation scheme for a megaton-scale CCUS project at Haifeng Power Plant in Guangdong in 2020.Pipeline transport for meg

67、aton-scale CO2 in China is in early stages.CNPCs Jilin oilfield CCUS project features a 20 km CO2 pipeline transport project(Table 2-3).Concurrently,the Qilu Petrochemical Shengli Oilfield CCUS project is constructing a 108 km onshore pipeline.Subsea CO2 pipeline transport is currently in the feasib

68、ility study phase in China.11CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China GeologicalUsageCutting-edge tech level in ChinaWorlds leading tech levelEnhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Gas RecoveryEnhanced Coalbed Methane RecoveryIn-situ Uranium MiningChemical,2CO H

69、ydrogenation to Methanol2CO Hydrogenation to Gasoline2CO Hydrogenation to MethaneCO2 pyrolysis to COCO2 Reforming of SyngasSynthesis of EthanolSynthesis of Acetic AcidSynthesis of EthyleneSynthesis of Dimethyl CarbonateSynthesis of Isocyanate/PolyurethaneSynthetic of Polycarbonate/Polyester Material

70、Synthetic of Sodium BicarbonateSynthetic of DimethylformamideSynthetic of DureneBiological UsageSynthetic of Succinic AcidSynthetic of Malic AcidSynthetic of Degradable PlasticsSteel Slag MineralizationCalcium Carbide Slag MineralizationPhosphorous Paste MineralizationMineralization with Potassium F

71、eldspar ProcessingCO2 Carbonsation Curing of ConcreteCO2 Electrolysis to Carbon NanotubesSynthesis of UreaSynthesis of Ammonium BicarbonateCO2 Gas FertilizerCultured MicroalgaeSynthesis of StarchCO2 UsageConcept PhaseLaboratoryResearch PhasePilot PhaseIndustrial DemonstrationPhaseCommercial Applicat

72、ionPhase3.UK-China(Guangdong)CCUS Centre,Research Report on the Development Path of Carbon Dioxide Industry in NingxiaR(in Chinese),2023Fig.2-3 Advancements in CO2 usage technologies in China vs.cutting-edge global standards.China showcases pioneering CO2-to-fuel tech with methanol and syngas synthe

73、sis demos.China also have demonstrated the usage of CO2 to make a range of chemicals,including dimethyl carbonate,polyurethane and more.It is also notable that,in China,a range of industrial waste,including steel slag,calcium carbide slag and phosphorous paste,have been used to sequester CO2 for the

74、 creation of building materials,such as marble3.Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China122.3 Carbon UsageIn recent years,the field of CO2 usage technology has made significant progress worldwide,and China has also made notable strides in this area.New CO2 usage technologies and projects are continually eme

75、rging,with industrial demonstrations making steady progress.Chinas CO2 usage projects employ various methods,including geological,chemical,and biological approaches.These encompass techniques like CO2 enhanced oil recovery(CO2-EOR)and the conversion of CO2 into an array of materials,including methan

76、ol,syngas,biodegradable plastics,calcium carbonate,nanomaterials,and carbon-negative building materials.Overall,Chinas level of carbon dioxide usage technology is comparable to that of the international cutting-edge level and in some cases,even showcases a technological advantage(Fig.2-1).For exampl

77、e,in the area of CO2 geological usage,China has widely used CO2 to enhance oil recovery in its major onshore oil fields.The country has also established pilot projects for the production of green methanol,synthetic gasoline,and syngas from CO2,with its technical capabilities leading globally in the

78、area of CO2 synthetic fuels.Additionally,China has conducted pilot projects in the fields of CO2 synthetic dimethyl carbonate,isocyanate,dimethylformamide,durene,succinic acid,biodegradable plastics,carbon nanotubes,and others,with some of its application technologies at the leading level globally.I

79、n the area of CO2 agricultural applications,CO2 synthetic urea and ammonium bicarbonate are mature industries,CO2 gas fertilizers have been demonstrated and promoted in some provinces,and commercial applications of CO2-cultivated microalgae have reached a state of maturity.The list of the Chinese re

80、search institutions or companies that possess these CO2 usage technologies can be found in Section 4.3.Fig.2-4 CO2 injection site at CNPCs Jilin Field(Photo courtesy of CNPC)13CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaChina has vast CO2 storage potential

81、both onshore and offshore,encompassing sedimentary basins and basaltic rock formations.The potential for geological CO2 storage in Chinas deep saline aquifers accounts for over 90 percent of the total potential within the sedimentary basins,with an estimated storage capacity of approximately 7.69 tr

82、illion tonnes,according to the Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey,China Geological Survey4.Furthermore,the study estimates offshore saline aquifer storage potential at approximately 2.34 trillion ton.A 2022 reassessment by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology confirmed a sim

83、ilar figure of 2.58 trillion tonnes,reinforcing Chinas significant saline aquifer storage potential5.China has conducted CO2 storage demonstrations in onshore and offshore saline aquifers.Chinas first deep saline aquifer CO2 storage demonstration project initiated by Shenhua Group in Ordos in 2011,w

84、ith a capacity to inject 100,000 tons of CO2 per year.The injection process spanned three years and resulted in the storage of 300,000 tons of CO2.To date,the project remains in the monitoring phase,with the stored CO2 maintaining a safe status.In 2021,CNOOC initiated Chinas first offshore CO2 stora

85、ge project at the Enping 15-1 oilfield,which aims to capture and store 300,000 tons of CO2 annually.This project operates at a water depth of approximately 80 meters,injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers at 800 meters via a directional injection well connected to the oil platform.Additionally,the

86、concept of CO2 storage in basalt has gained significant attention in recent years due to its advantages,such as rapid mineralisation and low cost features6.Researchers from China University of Petroleum have assessed the total CO2 storage potential in the basalts of China,revealing theoretical miner

87、al storage capacities of 607.79-1121.44 Gt for supercritical CO2 injection and 201.13-303.85 Gt for carbonated water injection,respectively7.Preliminary assessments by Carbfix and Tencent of the carbon storage potential in basaltic rock formations across China have indicated that the theoretical CO2

88、 storage capacity of Chinese basalt ranges from trillions to tens of trillions of tons8.However,given that CO2 storage in basalt is still in its early stages in China,further verification is necessary,and it offers a crucial complement to CO2 storage in sedimentary basins.2.4 Carbon Storage4.Guo J,W

89、en D,Zhang S,et al.Potential evaluation and demonstration project of CO2 geological storage in ChinaJ.Geol Surv China,2015,2(4):36-46.5.China Ministry of Natural Resources,The predicted potential for geological CO2 storage in Chinas maritime areas reaches 2.58 trillion tons,2023,https:/ S,Sigfsson B

90、,Marieni C,et al.Carbon dioxide storage through mineral carbonationJ.Nature Reviews Earth&Environment,2020,1(2):90-102.7.Zhang L,Wen R,Li F,et al.Assessment of CO2mineral storage potential in the terrestrial basalts of ChinaJ.Fuel,2023,348:128602.8.Carbfix,Tencent,Pre-feasibility screening study for

91、 CO2 mineral storage potential in ChinaR,2021Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China14The Chinese Government,along with certain provinces and state-owned oil companies,are exploring the implementation of CCUS clusters.The China Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)has identified several regions with fav

92、ourable conditions for the deployment of CCUS clusters.These regions include the Erdos Basin in Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi Province;the Junggar Basin,Turpan-Hami Basin,and Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region;the Songliao Basin in Heilongjiang and Jilin Province;the Sichuan Basin in

93、Sichuan Province;and the Pearl River Mouth Basin offshore Guangdong.At the provincial level,Guangdong has proposed the design for provincial CCUS clusters.Four are suggested:Eastern Guangdong CCUS Cluster,Pearl River Delta CCUS Cluster,West Pearl River Delta CCUS Cluster,and Western Guangdong CCUC C

94、luster(Fig.2-6).The Pearl River Delta CCUS Cluster,the largest emitter at over 120 MtCO2/yr,includes Guangzhou and Shenzhen.Western Guangdong emits around 70 MtCO2/yr,while the Eastern Guangdong and Pearl River Delta West Bank clusters each emit 50 MtCO2/yr and 40 MtCO2/yr,respectively.CNPC plans to

95、 capture 3.0 million tonnes of CO2 each year from one of its own facilities by 2025,and to construct the relevant pipelines and system for geological storage and usage through EOR(Table 2-4).In the second phase,which is expected to capture 10 million tonnes of CO2 per year by 2030,the project will c

96、apture CO2 from nearby coal-fired power plants,steel mills,cement plants and other high-emission industries,while expanding the transport system.2.5 Deployment of CCUS Clusters in ChinaFig.2-5 CO2 processing and reinjection module on the Enping 15-1 Field Platform(Photo courtesy of CNOOC).15CCUS Sup

97、ply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaFig.2-6 The deployment design of CCUS Clusters in Guangdong.Sinopec is leading the regional CCUS deployment,around the areas around Shanghai,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Anhui.Sinopec signed a Memorandum of Understanding on coope

98、ration with Shell,China Baowu and BASF in November 2022,aiming to develop the first CCUS project in China with a capacity of 10 Mt CO2 and provide effective integrated CO2 reduction solutions for various industrial enterprises.CNOOC is studying the feasibility of CCUS clustering in Southern China.In

99、 January 2023,CNOOC,the Guangdong Development and Reform Commission,Shell and ExxonMobil signed a joint study agreement for the Daya Bay area CCUS project.The purpose of this agreement is to collaborate in seeking opportunities to build an 10 Mt offshore carbon capture and storage cluster in China.T

100、able 2-4 CNPCs planned CCUS hubsPlanned hubsStorageLocationScale(Mt CO2 per year)Operation startsPotential industriesChina NWJunggarBasinNorthWest3.02025Chemicals,power,steel,cementDaqingSongliaoBasinNorthEast3.0By 2030Chemicals,power,steel,refining,cement,biomassChangqingOrdosBasinNorthCentral3.0By

101、 2030Chemicals,powerDagangBohaiBay BasinNorthEast1.0By 2030Chemicals,power,steel,refining,cement,biomassChapter 2.CCUS Progress in China16In line with its carbon neutrality goals,China aims to develop the CCUS industry by progressively enhancing incentives,laws,and regulations to provide more signif

102、icant financial support as the sector matures.From 2006 to 2023,the Chinese government has issued over 30 policies,development plans,action plans,and roadmaps concerning CCUS.These policies offer guidance for CCUS technology development,demonstration,application,and broader implementation.The Chines

103、e government has been incorporating CCUS technology into their national plans and policies since the 11th Five-Year Plan(2006-2010).The 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans(2011-2015 and 2016-2020)saw the development of a strategic deployment plan for CCUS and promotion of systematic demonstration projects

104、.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),the government is focusing on scaling up the industry and providing more financial support9.However,despite the introduction of various policies,there is still a lack of substantive incentive policies,binding laws and regulations,and inter-sectoral coope

105、ration and synergy.Considering Chinas large emissions reduction target and the limited time to achieve it,updating CCUS policies during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is crucial.The next crucial steps involve the governments establishment of substantive incentive policies,binding legal regulations,a

106、nd fostering inter-sectoral cooperation and synergy.Furthermore,the creation of a regulatory framework with uniform approval procedures and the implementation of a unified method for accounting for CCUS emission reductions are essential to enhance the economic viability of CCUS projects.2.6 CCUS Gov

107、ernment Policies in China9.State Council of the Peoples Republic of China,Peaking Carbon Emissions Action Plan Before 2030(in Chinese),2021CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol“Liquid Sunshine”Project in Lanzhou,Gansu Province17CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK an

108、d China2.8 China CCUS Market OutlookChinas power generation sector,responsible for over 50percent of the nations carbon emissions,emits more than 4 billion tonnes of CO2 annually from 2,000 plus sources.The realisation of carbon neutrality heavily depends on the adoption of CCUS technology within th

109、e power sector,with a targeted annual reduction of approximately 990 million tons of CO2 emissions for thermal power plants by 20602.Forecasts suggest a swift deployment of CCUS in the power sector between 2030 and 2050(Fig.2-7).In the steel industry,CCUS is anticipated to curtail emissions by 3 MtC

110、O2/yr in 2030,rising to 98 MtCO2/yr by 2060.As for the cement sector,predictions suggest that CCUS should lead to an 8 MtCO2/yr reduction in cement industry emissions by 2030 and a further 248 MtCO2/yr by 2060.The petrochemical and chemical sector in China offers opportunities for early and cost-eff

111、ective CCUS demonstrations,due to high-concentration CO2 emissions from coal,ammonia,and methanol plants.Achieving carbon neutrality will require the widespread application of CCUS in these industries,with a targeted reduction of 190 MtCO2/yr.CCUS standards are important for providing a consistent f

112、ramework for designing,operating,and reporting CCUS activities.These standards help to establish common criteria for project development and ensure CCUS projects are implemented in a consistent and transparent manner,and enable stakeholders to evaluate CCUS projects effectiveness and contribution to

113、wards mitigating climate change.In April 2023,the China National Standards Commission issued the“Guidelines for the Construction of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Standard System.”The objective of this document is to facilitate the advancement of fundamental standards pertaining to green technolo

114、gies,encompassing terminology and industrial flows.Presently,China has over ten CCUS-related standards,with compliance remaining voluntary(Table 2-5).The goal is to establish a comprehensive CCUS standard system comprising national,industry,and group standards to harmonize various sectors.2.7 CCUS S

115、tandards in ChinaShenhua carbon storage in saline aquifer project(Photo courtesy of Shenhua)Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China18No.SectorStandard Name(Standard Publication Number)Leading editorial organisationTime1Carbon capture,usage and storageTechnical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for

116、 Carbon Dioxide Capture,Utilization and Storage(on Trial)Chinese Academy ofEnvironmental Planning20162Carbon captureStandard of design of carbon dioxide capture and purification engineering for fuel gas(GB/T 51316-2018)Sinopec PetroleumEngineering Design Co.,Ltd.20183Carbon captureTechnical Specific

117、ations for Energy Consumption Measurement of Flue Gas Carbon Dioxide Capture Systems in Thermal Power Plants.China Energy Investment Group New EnergyTechnology Research Institute20224Carbon captureKey Performance Indicators and Testing Methods for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Absorption Solutions(ISO

118、 27927)Clean Energy Technology Research Institute of China Huaneng Group20225Carbon transportSpecifications for engineering and carbon dioxide pipeline transportation(SH/T 3202-2018)Sinopec PetroleumEngineering Design Co.,Ltd.20186Carbon transportCarbon dioxide capture,transportation and geological

119、storagePipeline transportation systems(GB 20211022-T-469)CNPC Engineering Materials Research Institute20217Carbon transportSpecification for construction and acceptance of process pipeline in long distance carbon dioxide pipeline stationCNPC Natural Gas Pipeline Engineering Co.,Ltd.20238Carbon usage

120、Technical guideline for methanol preparation from carbon dioxide(GB/T 34236-2017)Southwest ChemicalResearch and Design Institute20179Carbon usageTechnical code for safety of methanol preparation from carbon dioxide(GB/T 34250-2017)Southwest ChemicalResearch and Design Institute201710Carbon usageSafe

121、ty code for oil and gas field development carbon dioxide injection(SY/T 6565-2018)CNPC Jilin Oilfield201811Carbon usageDesign code for the injection andproduction systems of CO2 flooding oilfield(SY/T 7440-2019)CNPC Jilin Oilfield201912Carbon usageTechical specification for carbon emissionreduction

122、accounting of carbon dioxide flooding and storage project(DB37/T 4548-2022)Sinopec Shengli Oilfield202213Carbon storageLeakage risk assessment specification forgeological CO2 utilization and storage projectsInstitute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences202214Offshore CCUSInspection

123、 Guidelines for Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage Systems in Offshore Oil and Gas Fields China Classification Society2023Table 2-5 Representative published CCUS-related standards in China(sorted with sector and chronological order)19CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of

124、CCUS for the UK and ChinaFig.2-7 CCUS emission reduction demand in various industries of China from 2025 to 206022.9 Cost of CCUS in ChinaCost is important for CCUS projects because it affects their economic viability,attractiveness to investors,industries competitiveness,compliance with emissions t

125、argets,and the ability to scale up deployment.The carbon capture process typically constitutes a significant portion of CCUS project expenses,and its costs are influenced by factors such as CO2 concentration and flue gas impurities.In China,the lowest cost for separating CO2 from flue gas is in the

126、natural gas processing sector(Fig.2-8).The coal chemical and petrochemical industries also benefit from relatively low carbon capture costs,due to high CO2 concentrations present in their flue gas emissions.For coal-fired power plants,CCUS costs typically range from 200-600 yuan/tCO2,based on actual

127、 project expenses.On the other hand,gas power plants tend to have higher carbon capture costs compared to coal-fired power plants due to the lower CO2 concentrations in their flue gas emissions.Cement plants face high capture costs,ranging from 305-730 yuan/tCO2.Chapter 2.CCUS Progress in China20In

128、the CO2 transport sector,tank truck transportation costs 0.9-1.4 yuan/(tCO2km),while pipelines become more cost-effective for projects exceeding one million tons per year,with costs ranging from 0.3-0.8 yuan/(t CO2km)10.For onshore sedimentary basin CO2 storage,the cost can be managed within the ran

129、ge of 50-60 yuan/tCO2.However,offshore CO2 storage in China lacks extensive engineering experience,and initial cost estimates exceed 300 yuan/tCO2.In China,CCUS costs can be 10-30 percent lower than in developed countries due to reduced labour costs,efficient equipment manufacturing,transportation,a

130、nd access to cost-effective materials.However,CCUS projects in China face challenges due to lower carbon prices in the market,ranging from 50-75 yuan/tCO2,as of August 2023.These prices are insufficient to cover project costs,highlighting the need for additional financial support to ensure the susta

131、inability of CCUS projects.Fig.2-8 Carbon capture costs by sectors in China.The cost data is drawn from actual CCUS project expe-riences in China2,supplemented by pre-feed study results for carbon capture from gas power plants.The approximate exchange rate is about nine Chinese Yuan(CNY)for one Brit

132、ish Pound(GBP).10.China Environmental Planning Institute,Ministry of Ecology and Environment.China Carbon Dioxide Capture Utilization and Storage(CCUS)Annual Report(2021)-China CCUS Pathway StudyR(in Chinese),202121CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and Chi

133、naChapter 3.UK CCUS Strategy and Capabilityshutterstock/Anton Balazh223.1 Current CCUS Deployment Plans in the UKThe UKs current CCUS plans are centred on clusters across various areas,all with access to offshore geological storage,either through pipelines or ships(e.g.,South Wales and Southampton c

134、lusters).There is also a strategic effort to leverage clusters in the Northern North Sea for CO2 storage from Europe.In line with the November 2020 The Ten Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution11 and the April 2022 The British Energy Security Strategy12,the UK aims to implement CCUS in two in

135、dustrial clusters by the mid-2020s,expanding to four sites by 2030,capturing up to 10 Mt of CO2 annually.Funding comes from the Industrial Decarbonisation Challenge(170 million)13,the 1 billion CCS Infrastructure Fund14,and market-based business models for CO2 transport and storage,power,and industr

136、ial carbon capture15.After a proposal call,five prospective CCUS clusters were funded to develop plans,with the HyNet and East Coast Clusters chosen as Track 1 clusters for potential operation in the mid-2020s.The UK Spring Budget in March 2023 confirmed 20 billion for CCUS16,unlocking private inves

137、tment and job creation,especially in the East Coast and North West of England and North Wales.Acorn and Viking CO2 transport and storage systems are the preferred Track 2 candidates as of July 31,202317,with final decisions pending due diligence and affordability assessments.3.2 UKs Capability in th

138、e CCUS SectorKey UK CCUS capabilities that hold value in the Chinese market encompass services,engineering consultancy,and knowledge-based skills across diverse domains.This includes expertise in project development,financing,and the supply of essential components,either directly or through licensin

139、g agreements,originating from the UK.Table 3-1 highlights significant UK CCUS capabilities developed through CCUS cluster and project deployments.While some capabilities are well-established,ongoing CCUS cluster and project deployments will further enhance others.In 2023,the Department for Energy Se

140、curity and Net Zero organised a systematic assessment of UK capabilities in the CCUS supply chain,identifying strengths in CCUS engineering and design,fabrication of critical equipment(e.g.,column vessels,process control systems,heat exchangers),and more18.11.HM Government,The Ten Point Plan for a G

141、reen Industrial RevolutionR,2020.12.HM Government,British Energy Security Strategy:Secure,clean and affordable British energy for the long termR,2022.13.UK Research and Innovation(2021),Industrial decarbonization challengeR,202114.Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy(2021a),“The Carbon

142、 Capture and Storage Infrastructure Fund”,May 2021.15.Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy(2021e),“Research and analysis:Carbon capture,usage and storage(CCUS),:business models”,Updated 5 October,2021.16.HM Treasury,“Spring Budget 2023:Copy of the Budget Report March 2023 as Laid befor

143、e the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer when opening the Budget.”,2023 17.HM Government,Cluster sequencing for carbon capture,usage and storage(CCUS):Track-2,31 July 202318.Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy,Department for Energy Security and Net Zero,Industrial dec

144、arbonisation strategy,2021,https:/www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-decarbonisation-strategy/industrial-decarbonisation-strategy-accessible-webpage23CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaTable 3-1 UK CCUS capabilities developed through CCU

145、S cluster and project deploymentsCO2 captureproject design and delivery ExamplePowerEast Coast Cluster(Keadby,West Burton,Staythorpe,Alfanar and Whitetail Plants)BiomassEast Coast Cluster(Drax Plant,MGT Teeside,Lynemouth Power)Energy-from waste East Coast Cluster(Altalto Immingham waste to jet fuel

146、project,STV project)CementBreedon Cement,Hanson Padeswood Cement Works,ZerCaL250 ProjectSteelLiberty Steel Brinsworth Plant RefiningStanlow Refinery,Prax Lindsey Oil RefineryGlassEast Coast Cluster(Saint-Gobain Glass Plant),Glass Futuresand Pilkington PlantsDirect air captureSizewell C DAC Project,E

147、NCORE Project,DACMIN Project,CO2CirculAir ProjectChapter 3.UK CCUS Strategy and CapabilityFig.3-1 Potential carbon transport and storage strategy in the UK1919.Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.A Remarkable New Infrastructure System Opportunities for economic growth in the UKs Carbon Captu

148、re&Storage IndustryR,202324Hydrogen production with CCUSAdvanced natural gas reformingHynet and East Coast ClustersCO2 transportRe-use of existing pipelines for CO2Hynet Cluster,Acorn and Viking T&S systemOnshore CO2 pipelinesBoth Track 1 and 2 clustersaOffshore CO2 pipelinesBoth Track 1 and 2 clust

149、ersBeach crossings,including environ-mentally sensitive areasBoth Track 1 and 2 clustersShippingAcorn and Viking T&S systemShip-loading terminalsAcorn and Viking T&S systemShip-to-pipeline transfer terminalsAcorn and Viking T&S system plan to receive shipped CO2 from other UK and EU areas.Road CO2 t

150、ankers and operationTo be confirmed(TBC)as progress unfolds.Ship-to-pipeline transfer terminalsTBCCO2 usageTBCTBCGeological storageDepleted oil and gas reservoirsBoth Track 1 and 2 clustersSaline aquifersEast Coast Cluster,Acorn T&S systemOffshore storage assessment techniquesBoth Track 1 and 2 clus

151、tersOffshore MMV techniquesBoth Track 1 and 2 clustersCo-use of offshore locations and spatial planningBoth Track 1 and 2 clustersPermitting,regulation and financeHSE permitting assessments and documentationCapacity and expertise will evolve as Track 1 and Track 2 clusters advance.Business models an

152、d contracts for all CCUS sectorsas aboveProject-to-project contract arrangementsas aboveCCUS project risk management and financingas aboveNote:a The UK Government has committed to deploying CCUS in two industrial clusters by the mid-2020s and two more by 2030.The Track-1 clusters are HyNet and East

153、Coast Clusters,with Acorn and Viking T&S systems as Track-2 selections.25CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaChapter 4.China CCUS Supply Chain Assessment26Table 4-1 TRL Summaries20LevelDescription1Basic principles observed and reported.2Technology c

154、oncept and/or application formulated.3Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept.4Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment.5Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment.6System/subsystem model or prototype demonstrat

155、ion in a relevant environment.7System prototype demonstration in an operational environment.8Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration.9Actual system has proven through successful mission operations.Table 4-2 MRL Summaries21LevelDescription1Basic manufacturing implications

156、 identified.2Manufacturing concepts identified.3Manufacturing proof of concept developed.4Capability to produce the technology prototype in a laboratory environment.5Capability to produce prototype components in a production-relevant environment.6Capability to produce a prototype system or subsystem

157、 in a production-relevant environment.7Capability to produce systems,subsystems,or components in a production-representative environment.8Pilot line capability demonstrated;ready to begin low rate initial production(LRIP).9LRIP demonstrated;capability in-place to begin full rate production(FRP).10FR

158、P demonstrated and lean production practices in-place.To become carbon neutral,China need to increase its carbon capture capacity from the current level of 6 Mt/yr to 2100-2500 Mt/yr by 20602,marking a more than 100-fold market scale increase.Its vital to assess Chinas CCUS supply chain readiness an

159、d robustness to meet current and future demand.This section assesses Chinas CCUS supply chain capabilities using Technology Readiness Level(TRL)and Manufacturing Readiness Level(MRL)indexes.TRL measures technology maturity from research to deployment(1-9 scale;Table 4-1),while MRL assesses manufactu

160、ring process maturity from principles to full-scale production(1-10 scale;Table 4-2).Evaluating both TRL and MRL is crucial to ensure technology and manufacturing readiness for quality,quantity,and cost-effective deployment or production.20.US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),Tech

161、nology Readiness Assessment Best Practices Guide R,2020,https:/ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20205003605/downloads/%20SP-20205003605%20TRA%20BP%20Guide%20FINAL.pdf21.US Department of Defense,Manufacturing Readiness Level(MRL)DeskbookR,2022,http:/ Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential o

162、f CCUS for the UK and China4.1 Carbon Capture Supply ChainCarbon capture encompasses a diverse array of methods,including pre-combustion separation,oxy-fuel combustion,post-combustion,and chemical looping combustion capture.In China,the development of these technologies varies,with some in commercia

163、l use and others in research phases.Pre-combustion capture technologies focus on capturing CO2 before the combustion of fossil fuels.Pre-combustion natural gas processing is a well-established technology with a high TRL of 9 and MRL of 10(Table 4-3).On the other hand,pre-combustion integrated gasifi

164、cation is less mature,with a TRL of 7 and MRL of 9.A significant milestone was achieved with the Huaneng 250MW GreenGen IGCC plant in Tianjin,which has a capture capacity of 50,000 t/yr.Oxy-fuel combustion involves burning fossil fuels in a mixture of pure oxygen and recirculated flue gas,enabling e

165、asier CO2 capture.In China,oxy-fuel combustion coal power plants are currently at a less mature stage,with a TRL of 7 and MRL of 8-9.The pilot project(400kW)and demonstration project(35MW)set up by Huazhong University of Science and Technology,are progressing to explore its feasibility and efficienc

166、y.Post-combustion capture involves capturing CO2 from flue gas after the combustion process,including absorption and adsorption technologies.Absorption using amine solvents has become a mature and widely used technology in China,boasting a TRL of 9 and MRL of 10.It has been adopted in several large

167、carbon capture projects including,for example,the 150 ktCO2/yr carbon capture project at Jinjie Power Plant,Shaanxi Province,and the 500 ktCO2/yr carbon capture project at Taizhou Power Plant,Jiangsu Province.However,other post-combustion technologies like phase change solvents and next-gen absorben

168、ts(ionic liquids,water-lean solvents,amino acids)are less mature,with TRLs ranging from 3 to 6.Membrane separation technologies utilise selective membranes to capture CO2.Membrane separation technology,which uses selective membranes to capture CO2,is well-established for natural gas processing(TRL 9

169、,MRL 10)but mainly applied in the natural gas industry.Polymeric membrane-solvent hybrids are less developed,with a TRL of 7 and MRL of 8.Chemical looping combustion capture is a less mature technology in China,with a TRL of 7 and MRL of 7-8(Table 4-3).Notable pilot projects have been established,in

170、cluding one 4 MW pilot project by China Dongfang Boiler Corporation and Total in Deyang,Sichuan Province.Chemical absorption with amine solution is a commonly used post-combustion carbon capture method in China,with potential for wide adoption.Table A 1 lists Chinese providers of amine-based carbon

171、capture equipment.The chemical industry in China has a full supply chain for this technology,featuring multiple local manufacturers for all necessary equipment.Foreign companies can tap into this market by offering products,which are more durable or energy-efficient products than their domestic alte

172、rnatives.4.2 CO2 Transport Supply ChainIn CO2 transport,Chinas infrastructure manufacturing capabilities are well-established,although some engineering design experience is still lacking(Table 4-4):CO2 truck transport is firmly established and meets market demand.Small-scale transport ships exist(up

173、 to 10,000 m3 capacity),sufficient for the food and beverage industry.Larger capacities needed for CCS have not been demonstrated22.Pipelines are mature but pose challenges for large-scale CCS,especially offshore,demanding special materials and corrosion-resistant coatings,while regulatory framework

174、s remain incomplete.CO2 compression equipment,a crucial element in CO2 transport,is widely used in various industrial and commercial applications.CO2 gasifiers,another key component in CO2 transport,are commonly employed in the gas industry with readily available supply chains.Chapter 4.China CCUS S

175、upply Chain Assessment28Table 4-3 Assessment of carbon capture supply chain readiness in ChinaTechnologyTRL MRL Maturity LevelNotePre-combustionPre-combustion natural gas processing910MatureWidely used in the natural gas industry.Pre-combustion integrated gasification79Less matureChina Huaneng Group

176、 constructed the GreenGen 250MW IGCC demonstration plant in Tianjin,with a capture capacity of 50,000 t/yr.Pre-combustion sorbent-enhanced water gas shift5Oxy-fuel combustionOxy-fuel combustion coal power plant78-9Less maturePilot and demonstration projects at HUSTOxy-fuel combustion gas turbine4Pos

177、t-combustion AbsorptionAmine solvent910MatureWidely used in large-scale carbon capture projects.Several pilot-scale demonstration projects are in operation.Phase change solvents6Next-generation absorbents,e.g.ionic liquids,water-lean solvents,amino acids3AdsorptionCommercially available adsorbents77

178、-8Less maturePilot-scale demonstration.Next-generation adsorbents e.g.MOFs3Membranes separationMembrane for natural gas processing910MatureWidely used in the natural gas industry.Polymeric membranes/solvent hybrid78Less matureTianjin University has a pilot-scale demonstration project with a capacity

179、 of 50,000 m3/d.Dense inorganic membrane3Chemical loopingChemical looping77-8Less matureA 4 MW pilot project is operating in Deyang,Sichuan Province.22.Bui M,Danaci D.Supply chain readiness for widespread deployment of carbon capture and storageJ.2022.29CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the fu

180、ll potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaChinas CO2 usage technologies involve complex supply chains.This chapter provides a brief overview of the technology readiness levels(TRL)and key providers for advanced carbon usage technologies in China(Table 4-5).In CO2 geological usage,CO2-enhanced oil rec

181、overy(EOR)is at TRL 9,implemented in various onshore oilfields by CNPC and Sinopec.CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery reached TRL 6 during a pilot project in Shanxi Province from 2002-2007,while CO2-enhanced gas recovery is at TRL 3,currently in laboratory research.CO2-to-fuels synthesis is progr

182、essing rapidly.CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is at TRL 9,with successful pilot projects in Ordos in Inner Mongolia,Dongfang in Hainan Province,Anyang in Henan Province and Lanzhou in Gansu Province23.CO2 hydrogenation to gasoline is at TRL 8,with a pilot-scale unit in Jining,Shandong Province.CO2 hy

183、drogenation to produce methane or CO is at TRL 3,confined to laboratory research.A CO2 reforming-to-syngas facility in Changzhi,Shanxi Province,and the technology is at TRL 8.In CO2 synthesis to chemical products,technologies like ethanol,acetic acid,and ethylene are experimental(TRL 3-4).However,CO

184、2 conversion to dimethyl carbonate(TRL 9)and other products is making progress(TRL 7-8)with some commercial applications(Table 4-5).CO2 can also regenerate valuable products from industrial waste materials,such as steel slag and calcium carbide slag,at TRL 8-9.There are ongoing projects of this kind

185、 in Shanxi,Shandong Province,and Inner Mongolia.In CO2 biological usage,microalgae cultivation using CO2 is practiced in several Chinese provinces,and CO2 gas is used as fertilizer in Ordos and Baotou,Inner Mongolia.Table 4-4 Assessment of carbon transport supply chain readiness in ChinaKey componen

186、tsTRLMRLCO2 Tankers910CO2 Ships710CO2 Onshore Pipeline910CO2 Offshore Pipeline710CO2 Compressor910CO2 Gasifier910A list of manufacturers related to CO2 transport equipment in China are provided in Table A 2,4.3 CO2 Usage Supply ChainTable 4-5 TRL and key provider of CO2 usage technologyCO2 UsageTRLP

187、roviderGeological UsageEnhanced Oil Recovery9 CNPC,Sinopec,Yanchang Petroleum GroupEnhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery6 China United Coalbed Methane Co.,Ltd.Enhanced Gas Recovery3 CNPC23.Ye Z,Rao N,Xia C,et al.Advances in catalysts and project progress for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol(in Chinese with

188、 English abstract)J,Clean Coal Technology,2023Chapter 4.China CCUS Supply Chain Assessment30CO2 UsageTRLProviderChemical UsageCO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol9 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of SciencesCO2 Hydrogenation to Gasoline8 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Aca

189、demy of Sciences;Zhuhai Futian Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.CO2 Hydrogenation to Methane3CO2 Pyrolysis to CO3 Tianjin Feynman Dynamics Technology Co.,Ltd.;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of SciencesCO2 Reforming to Sy

190、ngas8 Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of SciencesSynthesis of Ethanol3 Jiangnan University;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of SciencesSynthesis of Acetic Acid3 Wuhan University of TechnologySynthesis of Ethylene3Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate9 Zhejiang Petr

191、ochemical Co.,Ltd.;Shandong Shida Shenghua Chemical Group;Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of SciencesSynthesis of Isocyanate/Polyurethane7 Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of SciencesSynthetic of Polycarbonate/Polyes-ter material8 Chengdu Organic Chemistry Co.Ltd.,Chinese

192、 Academy of Sciences;Hainan Huasheng GroupSynthetic of Sodium Bicarbonate9Synthetic of Dimethylformamide8 Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Weijiao Holding GroupSynthetic of Durene8 Tsinghua UniversitySynthetic of Succinic Acid8 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biote

193、chnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Shandong Landian Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.Synthetic of Malic Acid7 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Anhui BBCA Fermentation Technology Engineering Research Co.,Ltd.Synthetic of Degradable Plastics8 Changchun Institute

194、 of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of SciencesSteel Slag/Calcium Carbide Mineralization9 Shandong Jingyun Taibo Negative Carbon Technology Co.,Ltd.;Yuanchu Technology(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of SciencesPhosphorous Paste Mineralization8 Sichuan University;

195、Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of SciencesMineralization with Potassium Feldspar Processing7 Sichuan UniversityCO2 Carbonation Curing of Concrete8 CleanCO2 Co.,Ltd.;Zhejiang University;Hunan UniversityCO2 Electrolysis to Carbon Nanotubes7 Jiangyin Luojia Green Carbon Technology Co.

196、,Ltd.;Jiangsu Green Carbon Nanotechnology Co.,Ltd.Synthesis of Urea9Synthesis of Ammonium Bicarbonate9Biological UsageCO2 Gas Fertiliser9Cultured Microalgae9 Zhejiang University;Fuqing King Dnarmsa Spirulina Co.,Ltd Synthesis of Starch3 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy o

197、f Sciences31CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China4.4 CO2 Storage Supply ChainSeveral CO2 storage technologies are in development in China(Table 4-6):CO2 in-situ uranium mining storage is commercially used.CO2-EOR is in industrial demonstration near o

198、il fields.Saline aquifer storage has successful demonstration.Deep unmineable coal seams(ECBM)is in the pilot stage.CO2 mineralization is in industrial experiments.The following key technologies for CO2 injection,storage,and monitoring are less developed in China than in western countries24:a)Long-t

199、erm safety and environment risk analysis and evaluation.b)Site characterization and evaluation technique integration.c)Large-scale site monitoring.d)Multi-layer injection and monitoring.e)Near-surface,shallow soil gas,and water quality monitoring.f)Deep flow sampling and monitoring.g)CO2 leakage ris

200、k management(integrated monitoring technique).h)Compression/pumping with subcritical liquefaction/large-scale injection pump.i)Consulting services for technology integration and management.j)Well completion cement resistant to CO2 corrosionEquipment needed for carbon geological storage is similar to

201、 the petroleum industry.Special equipment includes CO2 booster devices,storage,and monitoring equipment.A list of Chinese suppliers of the equipment is in Table A 3.4.5 Commercial Opportunities for UK CCUS Companies1.Carbon Capture MarketThe UK excels in carbon capture plant design and can target op

202、portunities in heat exchangers,column internals,flue gas blowers,and filters.UK companies can also explore carbon capture amine solutions,adsorption materials,and membrane technologies.Direct air capture technologies represent another promising area for UK companies to innovate and collaborate in.2.

203、Carbon Transport MarketThe UK is strong in pipeline design and corrosion resistance solutions,particularly for offshore environments.Consultancy services for pipeline design,operation,and maintenance can be offered by UK companies.Table 4-6 Supply chain readiness for deployment of CO2 storage in Chi

204、naCO2 Geological StorageReadiness Evaluation MethodsTRLMRLSaline Aquifers99Depleted Oil&Gas Reservoirs99ECBM67Mineralisation Storage69Chapter 4.China CCUS Supply Chain Assessment24.Wei N,Liu S,Li X,et al.Key technologies inventory of CO2 geological utilization and storage J.Clean Coal Technol-ogy,20

205、22,28(6):14-25.324.6 Foreign Company EntryThe Foreign Investment Law(FIL)of China,effective from January 1,2020,promote a more favourable environment for foreign businesses.It emphasises equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors and provides enhanced legal safeguards,including provisions on

206、 technology transfer,intellectual property rights,and foreign-invested enterprise establishment.Two issues pose potential market entry barriers for foreign companies looking to enter the Chinese market.Firstly,as specified in Chinas Foreign Investment Negative List(FINL),domestic water transport com

207、panies must have a majority ownership by Chinese entities.This implies that foreign companies cannot hold a controlling stake in CO2 ship transport firms.The second barrier relates to access to the carbon storage industry.This is primarily due to state-owned oil companies,including CNPC,Sinopec and

208、CNOOC,holding exploration rights and extensive geological data.Geological data collection is a costly and regulated process,providing state-owned oil companies with a clear first-mover advantage in the carbon storage industry.Opportunities for foreign companies may be to establish joint ventures wit

209、h local oil companies to gain market access.For example,Shell and BASF have partnered with Sinopec in a CCUS cluster in eastern China(see Section 5.1 for further information);Shell and ExxonMobil have collaborated with CNOOC in a CCUS cluster in Guangdong Province;and bp has collaborated with CNPC i

210、n a CCUS cluster in Hainan Province.However,in addition to the FINL,China has also published Catalogue of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment(2022)25,which offers a green light to foreign investors in a number of areas,including the following fields related to CCUS:(1)The development and a

211、pplication of new technologies for geological exploration and development,including geophysical prospecting,drilling,logging etc.(Article 26 in the catalogue).(2)Construction and operation of carbon capture,usage,and storage projects(Article 73).(3)Converting carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons in

212、to carbon monoxide(Article 83).(4)Manufacturing of geophysical exploration equipment,logging equipment,and more(Article 173).(5)Manufacturing of environmental monitoring instruments(Article 382).(6)Research and services related to carbon capture,usage,and storage technology(Article 474).This catalog

213、ue offers a wide range of opportunities across the entire CCUS value chain,inviting foreign companies,including those from the UK,to explore and invest in this rapidly evolving and vital sector.3.Carbon Usage MarketThe Chinese market seeks innovative carbon usage methods,particularly in jet fuels,me

214、thane,syngas,and degradable plastics production.UK technologies with efficient solutions can find opportunities in this sector.4.Carbon Storage MarketFor onshore sedimentary basins,UK companies can supply high-quality CO2 injection pumps and the technologies listed in Section 4.4.In the emerging off

215、shore CO2 storage sector,collaboration opportunities exist in subsurface and reservoir design,engineering,and marine and subsea operations.5.Capacity Building in the CCUS IndustryWith the growing CCUS industry,there is a demand for skilled labour and software support.Offering CCUS training and educa

216、tion and software services in project design,CO2 injection simulation,storage monitoring,and emission reductions MRV can lead to commercial opportunities.25.China National Development and Reform Commission,Ministry of Commerce,Catalogue of Industries for Encour-aging Foreign Investment(2022 Version)

217、,2022.https:/ Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaChapter 5.UK CCUS Companies in China and Strengthen-ing UK-China Collaboration34UK companies play a significant role in Chinas industrial sector,providing advanced products and services across various ind

218、ustries.Arup,Baker Hughes,bp,Howden,Shell,and Wood have shared insights into their involvement in Chinas CCUS industry for this report,highlighting UK-China commercial cooperation.Shell is a major player in Chinas CCUS industry,collaborating in different regions.In eastern China,Shell partnered with

219、 Sinopec,Baowu Steel,and BASF to explore an open-source CCUS cluster in Shanghai and Jiangsu.In southern China,Shell joined forces with CNOOC and ExxonMobil for a 10-Mt-scale CCUS hub in Huizhou,Guangdong.Shell also contributed its Cansolv carbon capture amine solution for a technology test platform

220、 at China Resources Haifeng Power Plant.In northwest-ern China,Shell signed a research agreement with the Yulin Government in Shaanxi Province to assess CCUS feasibility in the Yushen Industrial Park.bp collaborates with CNPC on CCUS initiatives,including the“Hainan Low-Carbon Cooperation Memorandum

221、.”CNPC has completed a full-scale CCUS system project in Hainan Province and has a strategic plan for storage capacity.bp will share its expertise from UK projects and contribute to CCUS technology development in China.Howden supplies essential equipment for CCUS projects in China,including fans,hea

222、t exchangers,compressors,and rotary heaters.They have supported projects like Huaneng Groups 1.5 million-ton CCUS project in Qingyang and Baotou Steels 500,000-ton CCUS project in Inner Mongolia.Wood,with over 30 years of experience,provides comprehensive CCUS solutions.In Shaanxi Province,Wood has

223、aided Yulins energy and chemical industries with carbon reduction pathways and effective strategies.Arup and Baker Hughes have extensive global CCUS experience.Arups projects include Kingsnorth Carbon Capture Demonstration Project,Ferrybridge Carbon Capture Project,and more.Baker Hughes has particip

224、ated in projects worldwide and expresses interest in exploring CCUS opportunities in China.Apart from these,other UK companies are closely linked to Chinas CCUS sector.Johnson Matthey,with factories in Shanghai,offers carbon capture solutions.Oliver Valvetek and BEL Valves supply valves to Chinas of

225、fshore oil and gas industry,holding market potential in the field of offshore CO2 storage.5.1 UK CCUS Companies Presence in ChinaShell joined forces with CNOOC and ExxonMobil for a 10-Mt-scale CCUS hub in Huizhou,Guangdong10-Mt-scale CCUSbp collaborates with CNPC on CCUS initiativesCollaboration35CC

226、US Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and China5.2 Suggestions for Enhancing UK-China Collaboration on CCUSDuring the UK entity survey,companies expressed ongoing evaluation of Chinas CCUS market,offering valuable insights to enhance UK-China CCUS collaboration.

227、Based on this advice and the 10-year experience of the UK-China(Guangdong)CCUS Centre,the following recommendations are made:1.For the Government(1)Promote Bilateral Exchanges:The UK Government should facilitate knowledge sharing of CCUS best practices and technologies to China.Utilize the UK-China(

228、Guangdong)CCUS Centre as a platform for industry exchanges.Organize business delegations,trade missions,and CCUS-focused networking events to foster collaboration between UK and Chinese CCUS sectors.Engage with key Chinese departments overseeing CCUS,including the China National Development and Refo

229、rm Commission,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,and Ministry of Commerce.(2)Support Market Intelligence and Research:Invest in market research to provide UK companies with insights into the Chinese CCUS market.Analy

230、se market trends,competitors,regulations,and technology needs to assist UK companies in making informed decisions and strategies.(3)Promote UK Education and Training:Promote UKs CCUS expertise through marketing campaigns,industry participation,and successful case studies.Collaborate with Chinese edu

231、cational institutions to offer training programs for Chinese engineers.(4)Joint Full-scale CCUS Project:Collaborate with the Chinese Government to establish a joint full-scale CCUS project in China,potentially using a UK companys plant.This project would demonstrate UK CCUS technologies effectivenes

232、s and viability in the Chinese context,with possible UK Government support.2.For UK CCUS companies(1)Engage with British Diplomatic Missions:Maintain contact with the British Embassy in Beijing and British Consulates in China for policy updates,market opportunities,and collaborations.Regular communi

233、cation can align strategies with government priorities.(2)Strategically Focus on Specific Regions:Prioritise regions in China poised to develop CCUS clusters and become significant markets.Consider areas like the Energy and Chemical Industry Golden Triangle(Ningdong-Ordos-Yulin),Bohai Bay,Shanghai-J

234、iangsu,Pearl River Delta Region and more.Explore opportunities in Hong Kong for carbon capture and offshore storage.(3)Collaborate with Foreign-invested Plants:Seek collaborations with foreign companies operating plants in China requiring decarbonisation through CCUS.This includes refineries and cem

235、ent plants of companies like Shell,ExxonMobil,BASF,Aramco,SABIC,and Heidelberg.(4)Domestic Production of Equipment:Consider establishing domestic production facilities in China for selected CCUS equipment to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness.(5)Participate in Standard Development:Engage in th

236、e development of key CCUS standards,particularly in amine-based carbon capture,CO2 pipeline transport,and CO2 geological storage,collaborating with Chinese state-owned corporations or independently publishing standards via the Standards Administration of China.(6)Patience and Optimism:Recognise that

237、 Chinas CCUS market is evolving,primarily led by state-owned energy giants.While immediate profitability may not be guaranteed,market opportunities will grow as China progresses towards carbon neutrality goals.Private and foreign companies will find increasing opportunities as the carbon market matu

238、res,emphasising technology performance and efficiency over time.Chapter 5.UK CCUS Companies in China and Strengthening UK-China Collaboration36Fig.5-1 Companies engaged in various sectors of CCUS industry.Listed companies are not exhaustive.CarbonCaptureCarbon CaptureCarbonTransportCarbon TransportC

239、arbonUsageCarbonUsageCarbonStorageCarbonStorage5.3 Market Risks and Mitigation StrategiesEntering Chinas CCUS industry offers UK companies exciting opportunities to participate in a significant global climate change effort.However,international investments always carry risks.One key risk involves ma

240、rket competition in China,driven by growing interest in CCUS from both domestic and international players.UK companies can mitigate this by leveraging their expertise and forming strategic local partnerships.Another risk is related to technology transfer and intellectual property protection.As China

241、 advances CCUS technologies,there may be concerns about safeguarding proprietary information.UK firms can address this through careful planning,strong partnerships,and robust contractual agreements to protect their intellectual property.A third risk involves regulatory uncertainties due to evolving

242、environmental regulations in China.Navigating permitting and compliance for CCUS projects may pose challenges,but the Chinese Governments commitment to emissions reduction and sustainable practices provides a stable policy environment.UK companies can engage with relevant authorities to address regu

243、latory concerns.In summary,while risks exist in Chinas CCUS industry,they can be managed with due diligence,collaboration,and engagement with local partners and authorities.The vast market potential,government support,and Chinas commitment to sustainability make it an attractive landscape for UK com

244、panies to contribute to global climate efforts and lead the green revolution.37CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaTable A 1 Equipment and Technology Providers in the Amine-based Carbon Capture Supply Chain in China(not exhaustive)DeviceFunctionProv

245、ider in China Pre-treatmentDirect contact cooler(fuel gas cooler/pre-scrubber)Cool down the inlet flue gas to the required temperature for the absorber,typically around 40-50 C Shuangdun Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.Fuel gas fan(blower)A centrifugal flue gas fan shall be included in the system to

246、ensure that the required volume of flue gas is extracted and that sufficient head is provided to overcome the pressure drop along the flue gas pipe,the capture process equipment and the pipe returning the cleaned flue gas to the main stack Shenyang Blower Group Co.,Ltd.Xian Shaangu Power Co.,Ltd.She

247、nyang Turbine Machinery Co.,Ltd.Shanghai Blower Factory Co.,Ltd.(Note that these companies also produce compressor and condenser)CO2 captureAmine solventCapture carbon dioxide(CO2)from flue gas emissions China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.China Energy Investment G

248、roup New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.Dalian University of Technology Guangdong Runtan Technology Co.,Ltd.Beijing Mojie Innovation Technology Co.,Ltd.Absorber/Stripper columnThe shell of the absorber,typically a cylindri

249、cal or rectangular pressure vessel made of steel Zhangjiagang Liberty Steel Products Co.,Ltd.Nantong CIMC Energy Equipment Co.,Ltd.Yongsheng Machinery Industry(Kunshan)Co.,Ltd.Heatexchanger 1.Heat exchanger remove heat from the process and control the temperature at the desired set point2.Heat rich

250、solvent to a temperature close to the regenerated temperature Alfa Laval(Shanghai)Technology Co.,Ltd.Siping Juyuan Hanyang Plate Heat Exchanger Co.,Ltd.SPX(China)Investment Co.,Ltd.Kelvion Heat Exchanger(China)Co.,Ltd.Siping Vickers Exchanger Thermal Equipment Co.,Ltd.Heat Transfer Plate Heat Exchan

251、ger(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.Jiangsu Zhongsheng Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Saunders Heat Exchanger(Taicang)Co.,Ltd.April Heat Exchanger(Suzhou)Co.,Ltd.Reboiler (kettle-type heat exchanger)Heat and partially vaporize the loaded absorbent that exits the stripper columnRefer to heat exchangerTower in

252、ternalsIncluding packing,gas/liquid distributor,tray,demister,etc.Shanghai Sulzer Engineering Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Pingxiang Jinfeng Chemical Packing Co.,Ltd.Beijing Zehua Chemical Engineering Co.,Ltd.Tianjin Tianda Tianjiu Technology Co.,Ltd.Beiyang National Distillation Technology Engin

253、eering Development Co.,Ltd.Chapter 5.UK CCUS Companies in China and Strengthening UK-China Collaboration38CompressionCondenserCool down the CO2 gas and condense residual moisture and amineRefer to compressorSeparatorSeparate the condensate and CO2 Sulzer Chemtech Alfa Laval Worley Frames GroupDehydr

254、ationFurther remove water in CO2 gas(triethylene glycol(TEG)or molecular sieves)Hangzhou Linuo Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd.Hangzhou Fucheng Gas Equipment Co.,Ltd.Hangzhou Kuaikai High Efficiency and Energy Saving New Technology Co.,Ltd.CompressorCompress CO2 to supercritical status Sinopec Oilfield

255、Equipment Corporation Chongqing Gas Compressor Factory Co.,Ltd.Chengdu Zhanwang Energy Machinery Co.,Ltd.CNPC Jichai Power Company Limited Chengdu Compressor Branch Shenyang Yuanda Compressor Co.,Ltd.Moon Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.;Bingshan Refrigeration&Heat Transfer Technologies Co.,Ltd.Hangy

256、ang Group Co.,Ltd.RefrigerationReduce the temperature of the compressed CO2Refer to compressorCO2 storage tankStore CO2 Zhuhai Gongtong Low Carbon Technology Co.,Ltd.Hangzhou Kuaikai Hi-Tech Co.,Ltd.General equipmentVesselHolding amines solvents or water Nantong CIMC-Special Transportation Equipment

257、 Manufacture Co.Ltd.Zhuhai Gongtong Low Carbon Technology Co.,Ltd.Pump Dalian Songlone Pump Mading Co.,Ltd.,Shandong Chuangjia New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.Ebara Great Pumps Co.,Ltd.Hunan Neptune Pump Co.,Ltd.HERMETIC-Pumps Dalian Co.,Ltd.Hangzhou Alkali Pump Co.,Ltd.Valve Jiangsu Suyan Valve Machi

258、nery Co.,Ltd.CNNC SUFA Technology Industry Co.,Ltd.Yancheng Seiko Valve Co.,Ltd.Shanghai Kaigong Valve Stock Co.,Ltd.FilterRemove solid impurities,such as dust and ash,from the flue gas before it enters the absorber Wuxi Inoco Filtration Equipment Co.,Ltd.Wenzhou Dongou Micro-filtration Co.,LtdInstr

259、umenta-tion Jiangsu Wanxing Petroleum Equipment Co.,Ltd.Shandong Huareda Precision Instrument Co.,Ltd.Wuxi Smart Auto-control Engineering Co.,Ltd.Lab analytical device Mettler Dionex MetrohmOthersSolvent purificationRemoves solid contaminants in lean solvent before it is returned to the absorber Wuh

260、an Yida Water Treatment Engineering Co.,Ltd.Zhejiang Hainiu Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.Engineering construction China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.China Petroleum Engineering Construction Corporation Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.China Huaneng

261、 Group Sinopec Group Nanjing Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.Spic Yuanda Environmental-Protection Co.,Ltd.39CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK and ChinaTable A 2 Carbon Transport Supply Chain in China(not exhaustive)DeviceDeviceProviderProviderPipelineSeamless st

262、eel tubes Jiangyin Changjiang Steel PIPE Co.,Ltd.;Yantai Baofeng Metal Material Co.,Ltd;Jiangyin Chuangzheng Metal Materials Co.,Ltd;Shanghai Haitai Steel Tube(Group)Co.,Ltd.Pipe anticorrosion and thermal insulation Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.,Ltd;CNPC Bohai Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Expand

263、er Hangzhou Hangyang Expander Co.,Ltd.Engineering design and construction China Ocean Engineering Equipment Technology Development Co.,Ltd;SINOPEC Oilfiled Service Corporation;CNPC Offshore Engineering Co.,Ltd.ShippingShip Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co.,Ltd;Jiangnan Shipyard(Group)Co.,Ltd.Highway

264、and railway tankerTanker Dongying Ruide Electromechanical Equipment Co.,Ltd;Yangzhou Yangming Automobile Service Co.,Ltd;Hebei Changhua Special Vehicle Co.,Ltd;Hebei Hongtai Special Truck Co.,Ltd.General equipmentValve CNPC Bohai Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd;Hangzhou Hangyang KOSO Pump&Valve Co.,

265、Ltd;Sichuan AIR Separation PLANT(GROUP)Co.,Ltd.Compressor/Pump Hangzhou Oxygen PLANT Group Co.,Ltd;Moon Environment Technology Co.,Ltd;Shanghai Luoji Pump Co.,Ltd.;Sichuan AIR Separation PLANT(GROUP)Co.,Ltd;Kobelco Wuxi Compressors Co.,Ltd.Heat exchanger Sichuan AIR Separation PLANT(GROUP)Co.,Ltd;Ha

266、ngzhou Oxygen PLANT Group Co.,Ltd.Gasifier Hangzhou Chuankong GENERAL Equipment Co.,Ltd;Hangzhou Hangyang Cryogenic Vessel Co.,Ltd.CO2 storage tank Hangzhou Chuankong GENERAL Equipment Co.,Ltd;Hangzhou Hangyang Cryogenic Vessel Co.,Ltd;Zhuhai Gongtong Low Carbon Technology Co.,Ltd.Chapter 5.UK CCUS

267、Companies in China and Strengthening UK-China Collaboration40Table A 3 Carbon Storage Supply Chain in China(not exhaustive)ProcessEquipmentProviderPrice RangesDrilling&CompletionDrill bits and tools Baoji Oil Field Machinery Co.,Ltd.CNPC Bohai Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Honghua Group

268、Ltd.Hejian Deris Petroleum Drilling Equipment Co.,Ltd.Cangzhou Lockhed Petroleum Machinery Co.,Ltd.311mm teeth drill bits are priced from 18,000 yuan;API 12 1/4 Tricone Bit:US$999-2199;8 1/2 PDC Drill Bit US$1,800Downhole tubing and casing CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.,Ltd.Baoji Petroleum Mach

269、inery Co.,Ltd.CNPC Bohai Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.Honghua Group Ltd.Hebei Bohai Oil Pipeline Group Co.,Ltd.Cangzhou Beigang Oil Pipeline Co.,Ltd.The price of 139mm*7.72mm oil casing starts from 3800 yuan/tonPackers CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.,Ltd.CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machine

270、ry Co.,Ltd.The price of oilfield packers starts from 1200 yuan per unitWellhead blow-out preventer Baoji Xinrui Petroleum Machinery Co.,Ltd.Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.The price of manual single gate blowout preventer starts from 18000 yuan per unitInjectionOil and gas pipeli

271、nes Hebei Bohai Pipeline Machinery Group Co.,Ltd.CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machinery Co.,Ltd.Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.325*12mm 3PE anti-corro-sion steel pipe is priced at 100-200 yuan per meterCO2 injection pump Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co.,Ltd.CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machinery C

272、o.,Ltd.Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.CO2 injection pumps are priced from 35,000 yuan.The price varies depending on the specificationCO2 compressor and supporting equipment CNPC Jichai Power Co.,Ltd.Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.The price of the complete se

273、t of carbon dioxide booster pump equipment starts from 1,000,000 yuanCO2 storage tank Lanzhou Lanshi Heavy Equipment Co.,Ltd.Beijing Yunteng Gas Equipment Co.,Ltd.Hebei Runfeng Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd.Jiangsu Hongyang Gas Equipment Co.,Ltd.20 cubic 1.6mpa suitable for liquid oxygen,liquid nitrog

274、en,liquid argon storage tank,priced at 215,000 yuan per unitMonitoringTracer monitoring Luoyang Telai Chemical Technology Co.,Ltd.Hunan Yuanchuang Gas Co.,Ltd.Luoyang Philier Specialty Gases Co.,Ltd.Fujian Del Technologies Inc.The price of the 8L of SF6 gas starts at 1180 yuan/LMicroseismic well Bei

275、jing Shuangjie Technology Co.,Ltd.Hunan Aocheng Technology CO.,Ltd.Xuzhou MTOS Technology Ltd.Changsha Dimai Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center The ESG micro seismic monitoring systems are priced from 100,000 yuan41CCUS Supply Chain Cooperation:Unlocking the full potential of CCUS for the UK

276、and ChinaDrilling&CompletionDrill bits and tools Baoji Oil Field Machinery Co.Ltd.;CNPC Bohai Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co.Ltd.;Honghua Group Ltd.;Hejian Deris Petroleum Drilling Equipment Co.Ltd.;Cangzhou Lockhed Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.311mm teeth drill bits are priced from 18,000 yuan;

277、API 12 1/4 Tricone Bit:US$999-2199;8 1/2 PDC Drill Bit US$1,800Downhole tubing and casing CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.Ltd.;Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.;CNPC Bohai Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co.Ltd.;Honghua Group Ltd.;Hebei Bohai Oil Pipeline Group Co.Ltd.;Cangzhou Beigang Oil Pipe

278、line Co.Ltd.The price of 139mm*7.72mm oil casing starts from 3800 yuan/tonPackers CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.Ltd.;CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.The price of oilfield packers starts from 1200 yuan per unitWellhead blow-out preventer Baoji Xinrui Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.;Yantai Jere

279、h Petroleum Equipment Tech-nology Co.Ltd.;The price of manual single gate blowout preventer starts from 18000 yuan per unitInjectionOil and gas pipelines Hebei Bohai Pipeline Machinery Group Co.Ltd.;CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.;Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Tech-nology Co.Ltd.;325*12mm

280、3PE anti-corro-sion steel pipe is priced at 100-200 yuan per meterCO2 injection pump Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.;CNPC Bohai Petroleum Machinery Co.Ltd.;Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.Ltd.;CO2 injection pumps are priced from 35,000 yuan The price varies depending on the specific

281、ationCO2 compressor and supporting equipment CNPC Jichai Power Co.Ltd.;Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment Technology Co.Ltd.;The price of the complete set of carbon dioxide booster pump equipment starts from 1,000,000 yuanCO2 storage tank Lanzhou Lanshi Heavy Equipment CO.Ltd.;Beijing Yunteng Gas Equi

282、pment Co.Ltd.;Hebei Runfeng Cryogenic Equipment Co.Ltd.;Jiangsu Hongyang Gas Equipment Co.Ltd.20 cubic 1.6mpa suitable for liquid oxygen,liquid nitrogen,liquid argon storage tank,priced at 215,000 yuan per unitMonitoringTracer monitoring Luoyang Telai Chemical Technology Co.Ltd.;Hunan Yuanchuang Gas

283、 Co.Ltd.;Luoyang Philier Specialty Gases Co.Ltd.;Fujian Del Technologies Inc.The price of the 8L of SF6 gas starts at 1180 yuan/LMicroseismic well Beijing Shuangjie Technology Co.Ltd.;Hunan Aocheng Technology CO.Ltd.;Xuzhou MTOS Technology Ltd.;Changsha Dimai Intelligent Manufacturing Research Cente

284、r The ESG micro seismic monitoring systems are priced from 100,000 yuanChapter 5.UK CCUS Companies in China and Strengthening UK-China Collaboration42DisclaimerWhereas every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is accurate,the Departme-for Business and Trade and the C

285、ontributors do not accept liability for any errors,omissions or misleading statements,and no warranty is given or responsibility accepted as to the standing of any individual,firm,company or other organisation mentionedCrown copyright 2023This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Gove

286、rnment Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated.To view this licence,visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.Published by Department for Business and TradeJanuary 2024Report prepared by