1、Advanced Multigigabit Glass Optical Fiber Automotive Ethernet Link and Test SolutionsDouglas Harshbarger and Suresh Donthu Corning IncorporatedJae-Yong Chang Keysight TechnologiesETHERNET&IP AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY DAY19-20 September 2023|So Paulo,Brazil2Executive summaryApplying Modern Glass Optical

2、Fiber Technologies to Automotive On-Board NetworksEmerging Automotive applications can derive significant benefit from the latest glass optical fiber technologiesAs glass fiber and automotive experts engage,we find common topics where modern fiber attributes are unclear or misunderstoodWe will addre

3、ss several of them today:1.Bandwidth:Is high bandwidth glass fiber needed in cars?2.Fit:Are there unique optical link features that address challenges?3.Affordability:Are exotic glass fiber networks scalable and affordable?4.Suitability:Can glass fiber thrive in the automotive environment?5.Test Sta

4、ndards:Are there test procedures&equipment available?Answer:Modern glass optical fiber technologies are highly suitable for Automotive NetworksThree powerful design trends are increasing vehicle data rates,and the industry is developing standards to enable themIn-vehicle Infotainment&ExperienceDrive

5、r Assistance&Autonomous driving(Increasing#of sensors)Software Defined Vehicles(ECU consolidation)e.g:8K display uncompressed data rate:48 to 143 Gb/s ProliferationPixel DensitySizeSource:LiDAR for Automotive 2023 Report,Yole Group3BandwidthEvolution of IEEE Ethernet Standards for Automotive Applica

6、tionsGlass OpticalCopper0.2030405060200232023Automotive Ethernet Data Rate(Gb/s)Year of standard publication4BandwidthResulting Data Rate x Distance product will exceed 100Gb/s.m.a common optical technology transition pointCurrent known data rate needs in Automotive application

7、 are reaching 100Gbps.m thresholdSensorData Rate(2030)Distance(m)Data x Distance(Gbps.m)Cameras10G+5 1550 to 150Radars10-20Gbps5 1550 to 300Displays(4k,60fps)10Gbps5 1550 to 150Backbone50G+5 15250 to 750 Source:IEEE802.3 Task Group meeting presentations1.In-car network links are evolving to require

8、bandwidth x distance product exceeding 100 Gb/s.mSource:A.V.Krishnamoorthy et al.,“Progress in Low-Power Switched Optical Interconnects,”IEEE J.Select.Topics Quantum Electron.,vol.17,no.2,pp.357376,Mar.2011Vehicles on the road todayVehicles in Development crossing over“100Gb/s.m”lineOptical Advantag

9、edElectrical AdvantagedTechno-Economic factors typically favor optical adoption at Data rate x Distance of 100Gb/s.mGlass optical connectivity solutions offer other benefits for emerging Automotive challengesOptical Link Attribute FitWeight reductionCompact ECUsFaster development cycleLower qualific

10、ation costsHarness routing design flexibilityNew sensor locations on the vehicleHardware ready for future upgradesSame media for 1Gb/s-200Gb/sGreater sustainabilityEmerging Automotive Challenge5Fit2.Optical link attributes may enable simpler solutions and more flexibility for automotive systems1.htt

11、ps:/europacable.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Europacable-Whitepaper-on-Energy-Efficiency-of-Fiber-networks-05-July-2022.pdf6x lower carbon footprint1(vs.twisted pair)Inherently EMI robustness simplifies designTight bends and millions of cyclesLight weight&Small FootprintHigh bandwidth(200Gb/s 10m o

12、n OM3)AffordabilityOver the last 50 years Glass Optical Fiber Technology has become an affordable,simple,and reliable high-volume solution for muti-gigabit networks in many industriesInvention of LaserInvention of low loss glass fiberZirconia ferrules for optical connectorsIn-field connection w/o fu

13、sion splicingBend insensitive fiber Pre-connectorized cables1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010sOptical Technology BreakthroughMade optical communication possibleTriggered long distance communicationReduced connectivity costAccelerated penetrationEnabled hard to reach installationsSimplified installationA

14、pplication EvolutionHigh density connectorsReduced installed space2020sAve.Link Length1000s of km100s of kmkms100s of meters10s of metersTranscontinental CommunicationFUTUREContinental&Metro NetworksEnterprise&Data Center NetworksAccess&Fiber To The HomeHyperscale Data Centers67AffordabilityStandard

15、 glass optical fiber leverages decades of innovation to benefit Automotive market11lb Bowling ball hanging from 125um multimode glass optical fiberRetains lightClad(Silica)Carries lightCore(Silica+Ge)Acrylate CoatingProtects fiberCore(50 um)Clad(125 um)Acrylate Coating(250um)OM3 Multimode glass opti

16、cal fiberStandardized(2003)Large Bandwidth:200Gb/s over 10mBend Insensitive:0.1dB(two turns 15mm bend radius)Multiple suppliers:Asia,Europe&AmericasLarge volumes:Sold several million kms annuallySpecified in IEEE 802.3cz8AffordabilityOptical components and link costs continue to decline1970 1975 198

17、0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Glass Fiber Volume Since InceptionInvention of Optical FiberLarge Install Base:6B km of optical fiber deployed since inceptionLarge Annual Capacity:500M km/yr 5B cars*Favorable Economics:40X price decline since inception*10m/link&10links/car$6.43$0.93$0.36$-$

18、1$2$3$4$5$6$7200022202320242025202620272028COST PER BIT($/Gbps)Cost($/bit)of Ethernet Optical TransceiversDecrease in$/GbpsIndustry20016-2028(CADR)All Ethernet$6.43$0.93$0.36 21%3.Glass optical fiber technology has scaled,is mature and affordable todaySource:LightCou

19、nting Optical Components Market Forecast,April 2023Source:Corning IncSuitabilityGlass optical fiber-based connectivity solutions can meet stringent Automotive requirementsIEEE 802.3cz Link Attributes2.5Gbps 50Gbps40m(max)and 4 in-lines connectors(max)Max 2dB per connector40m glass optical cable with

20、 4 inline connectorsEye diagram,25Gb/s NRZ,RTMeasured IL=0.93dB90%Available Link Loss Budget(per channel insertion loss spec of 8.5 dB(25Gbase-AU)USCAR RequirementsTemperature:-40oC to+125oCMechanical:Random Vibration and ShockChemical:Several chemicalsCombination of multiple variables9Glass optical

21、 cables are stable at high temperature up to 3000hrs 150oC-0.200.20.40.60.800200025003000Change in Insertion Loss(dB)Time(hrs)IEEE802.3cz limitGlass optical fibers and cables inside thermal aging chamberIn situ Insertion Loss:0.05dB change after 3000hrs at 150oC10SuitabilityNote:Corning a

22、lso tested temperature&humidity cycling per USCAR-2(40 cycles,400 hours,-40oC to+150oC)showing 0.05dB change11Glass optical cables are stable to chemicals with no visible degradation after exposure and static mandrel wrapNo visible degradation(No cracking,swelling or discoloration)ChemicalExposure1G

23、asoline60 mins 23C2Battery alkaline1 min 23C3Mineral hydraulic oil60 mins 85C4Diesel60 mins 23C5Brake fluid60 mins 85C6Window washer fluid60 mins 50C7Transmission fluid60 mins 85C8Battery Acid1 min 25C9Lubrication fluid60 mins 85C 10Antifreeze fluid1 min 23CChemical ExposureStatic Mandrel Wrap,9mm d

24、iameter1,2 Months+1 2435 6879 10Suitability1Not a measure of long term reliability.See cable spec.Glass optical connectors are stable in random vibration per USCAR-2 with no change in attenuationUSCAR-2,V3,Random Vibration-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.0020406080100120Change in Attenuation(dB)Time(hr)IEEE802.

25、3cz limitConnector in vibration(random)testingIn situ insertion loss:No notable change in attenuation after“random vibration”testing per USCAR-212Suitability4.Optical fibers,cables,&connectors meet automotive requirements for durability and handleability13Typical Optical PHY Test SystemEquivalent-ti

26、meSampling Scope+CRUReal-time Scope Network Analyzer(PNA,ENA)TDR/TDT(DCA)TX Emphasis+-ConnectorTxpTxnTxTransmitter(Tx)ChannelConnector+-RxnRxpRxReceiver(Rx)Channel(Lx)TX ChannelRX ChannelEQBit Error Ratio Tester(BERT)with Pattern Generator(PG)Optical Reference Transmitter for stressed signal generat

27、ionOscilloscope to calibrate stressed eye signalAn optical-input sampling scope with 4thorder Bessel Thomson response+CRUis the choice of scope type for P802.3cz.Test Standards14IEEE 802.3cz PMD test patterns and parametersTxRxTest patterns for Tx and Rx test TDFOM(Transmitter and DistortionFigure O

28、f Merit)1is a new measurementto evaluate the performance of opticaltransmitter and to guaranteeInteroperability of transmitters.For Tx test,the scope should providethe measurements required to performthe test parameters.For Rx test,stressed receiver sensitivitymeasurement validates receiver PHYsabil

29、ity to work in noisy vehicleenvironment.Test parameters for NRZ(for 2.5G 25G)TxRxNote:Similar test parameters exist for PAM4 50GTest StandardsNote1:specified in the clause 166.6.4.8 of IEEE std 802.3cz-202315Measurement systems and test resultsRaw dataReference equalizer appliedOptical automotive et

30、hernet“proof of concept”measurement on automotive grade 40m long OM3 multi-mode fiber optical cable with 4 inline connectors demonstrated at IEEE Tech Days event in Yokohama 202253.76 Gbps PAM4Optical Standards and Testing5.Test procedures and Equipment for Optical Automotive applications exist 16Co

31、nclusionAutomotive industry can benefit from leveraging decades of technology innovations in Glass optical connectivityAutomotive applications have evolved and can now derive significant benefit from glass optical fiber technologiesWe have shown:1.Bandwidth:Automotive applications benefit from fiber

32、s Bandwidth2.Fit:Glass Optical links are Fit to address several other Automotive challenges3.Affordability:Glass fiber technology is mature and Affordable4.Suitability:Glass fiber is Suitable for use in the car5.Test Standards:Test procedures and equipment existNow is the time to start developing expertise to find the right applications for this technologyOptical connectors are suitable for the automotive environment