1、TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER A framework to accelerate low emissions technologies MAY 2020 TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER A framework to accelerate low emissions technologies MAY 2020 ii | TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER Copyright Commonwealth of Aust

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5、de Content contained herein should be attributed as Technology Roadmap Discussion Paper, Australian Government Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources. ISBN: 978-1-922125-66-8 Disclaimer The Australian Government as represented by the Department of Industry, Science, EnergyandResources

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8、n contained in this publication. The reader should rely on their own inquiries to independently confirm the information and comment on which they intend to act. This publication does not indicate commitment by the Australian Government to a particular course of action. CONTENTS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT

9、 ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER | 1 CONTENTS Ministerial foreword 3 Development of the Technology Investment Roadmap 4 Roadmap governance and engagement structure 5 Executive summary 7 A technology investment roadmap 11 Stage 1: Setting a clear vision 13 Stage 2: Survey of new and emerging technologies 14

10、 Stage 3: Australias technological needs and comparative advantage 20 Stage 4: Identifying priority technologies 32 Stage 5: Identifying most efficient deployment pathways and setting economic goals for key technologies 34 Stage 6: Balancing overall investment portfolio 36 Stage 7: Implementing inve

11、stments (institutional structure) 38 Stage 8: Assessing the impact of technology investments 39 Global technology trends and priorities 41 Building a technology partnership 43 Glossary of selected technical terms 45 Reference list 47 Appendix A: List of all technologies surveyed 49 Appendix B: Techn

12、ology analysis by sector 53 Appendix C: Technology Readiness Level and Commercial Readiness Index 70 CONTENTS 2 | TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: A roadmap for strategic and system-wide technology investment 11 Figure 2: Technology deployment to complement ot

13、her strategies relevant to lowering long term emissions 12 Figure 3: Sectors covered by the technology survey including their impact on national emissions 14 Figure 4: Summary of selected technologies with the potential to reduce emissions across the economy,20232030 19 Figure 5: South Australias de

14、creasing emissions with increasing gas consumption for generation 28 Figure 6: Key technology challenges and opportunities 31 Figure 7: Indicative shortlist of priority technologies 32 Figure 8: CEFC funding commitments 20132019 (total $7.6 billion) 36 Figure 9: ARENA funding commitments to projects

15、 20122019 ($1.5 billion) 37 Figure 10: Australian Government investment across the innovation chain 38 Figure 11: CSIROs impact framework 40 Figure 12: Global energy technologyIEA view of where effort is needed 42 Figure 13: Electricity generation technologies, 20202050 55 Figure 14: Industry proces

16、s heating technologies, 20202050 57 Figure 15: Mining and industrial equipment technologies, 20202050 58 Figure 16: Industry feedstock technologies, 20202050 60 Figure 17: Transportation technologies, 20202050 61 Figure 18: Consumer payback periods (years) for residential technologies 62 Figure 19:

17、Residential technologies, 20202050 63 Figure 20: Commercial buildings technologies, 20202050 65 Figure 21: Fugitive technologies, 20202050 67 Figure 22: Technology Readiness Level and Commercial Readiness Index 70 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of all technologies surveyed 49 LIST OF BOXES Box 1: Pump

18、ed hydro and improved interconnection 15 Box 2: Gorgon Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Injection Project 16 Box 3: Reducing emissions from organic waste 18 Box 4: Case study Deploying renewable energy in remote communities 21 Box 5: Expansion of microgrids 21 Box 6: Large-scale solar 23 Box 7: Case study Deplo

19、ying concentrated solar thermal for high-temperature process heating 25 Box 8: Case study Australian research is bringing down the cost of solar PV process heating 26 Box 9: Battery energy storage system to increase efficiency and reduce emissions from offshore gasoperations 30 Box 10: Abatement of

20、nitrous oxide emissions from nitric acid production 56 TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER | 3 MINISTERIAL FOREWORD MINISTERIAL FOREWORD PRACTICAL ACTION TO REDUCE GLOBAL EMISSIONS Australia consistently meets and beats our climate change targets. We will do so for our Kyoto-era targets,

21、and for our 2030 target. We have done so while keeping our economy strong and goods exports (much of these energy-intensive) have more than tripled since 1990. Our emissions per person and per dollar of GDP are now at their lowest levels in 29 years. As we recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, we must

22、 continue to prioritise investment in technologies that improve productivity and support a resilient economy. The goal of this Roadmap is to bring a strategic and system-wide view to future investments in low emissions technologies. At its core, this is about technology not taxes. It means reducing

23、emissions, not reducing jobs and the economy. It is an approach based on rigour, discipline and optimism, not ideology. As the nations largest early-stage technology investor, regular articulation of the Governments investment priorities through annual Low Emissions Technology Statements will suppor

24、t a partnership with the private sector and the states and territories. Our efforts to accelerate new and emerging technologies will focus on areas of comparative advantage in agriculture, industry, mining and energy-intensive exports. To avoid crowding out private sector investment, our priorities

25、will continue to evolve. We must support technologies that can succeed, but we must also be disciplined in recognising when technologies are struggling and in leaving deployment of technologies that have reached commercial viability to the private sector. Recent Government initiatives including the

26、$1 billion Grid Reliability Fund, the development of a National Hydrogen Strategy and commitment of $500 million to support that industry, and the NSW state energy deal are aligned with this forward-looking philosophy. Australias role in the global response to climate change can go beyond simply red

27、ucing our own emissions. We will seek out international partnerships to accelerate the development and commercialisation of new technologies and continue to support global efforts to reduce emissions, particularly among the fast-growing economies and populations of our Indo-Pacific region. The Roadm

28、ap and first Low Emissions Technology Statement will be the cornerstone of Australias long term emissions reduction strategy, to be delivered ahead of COP26. The long term strategy will consider how various technologies may reduce our emissions without damaging our economy. The Governments approach

29、to technology deployment will continue to be characterised by incentivising voluntary emissions reductions on a broad scale. The Climate Solutions Fund, Safeguard Mechanism and ClimateActive carbon neutral certification framework are calibrated accordingly. This will position Australia to overachiev

30、e on our 2030 Paris target in a decades time while maintaining a strong economy. The Government will publish the first Low Emissions Technology Statement in coming months. Stakeholders are invited to contribute to this process by providing feedback in response to the questions detailed in this discu

31、ssion paper and through targeted consultation to be conducted by the Ministerial Reference Panel and my Department. The Hon Angus Taylor MP Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction 4 | TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DEVELOPMENT OF T

32、HE TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP AUGUST 2019: The Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction commissions the development of a technology investment roadmap. SEPTEMBER 2019: A collaboration of technology experts from key public service agencies led by the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and

33、Resources and supported by CSIRO and ARENA meets to commence a survey of low emissions technologies to support the development of the Roadmap. DECEMBER 2019: At COP25 in Madrid, Australia joins the Leadership Group for Industry Transition, apublic-private partnership led by India and Sweden aimed at

34、 using technology to reduce emissions ineconomically important industrial sectors like steel, aluminium and cement. MARCH 2020: The Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction announces the Government is developing a Technology Investment Roadmap, confirms H2 under $2 as Governments first priority t

35、echnology stretch goal and that the Government will articulate its technology priorities through annual Low Emissions Technology Statements. MARCH 2020: The Prime Ministers of Australia and Singapore commit to conclude an international cooperation agreement on low emissions technologies by the end o

36、f 2020. The agreement will focus on hydrogen, carbon capture, use and storage and renewable electricity trade. APRiL 2020: The Ministerial Reference Panel is established to advise the Minister on the preparation of annual Low Emissions Technology Statements. The panel is chaired by Australias Chief

37、Scientist, DrAlanFinkel, with the following members: Drew Clarke, Grant King, Shemara Wikramanayake, AlisonWatkins, Ben Wilson, and Jo Evans (ex officio). MAY 2020: The Government releases the King Review and Government response. The King Reviews 26recommendations are targeted at supporting an emerg

38、ing trend of voluntary emissions reductions and maximising co-investment from the private sector and other levels of government alongside the $2billion Climate Solutions Fund. NOW: The Technology Investment Roadmap discussion paper is released for public consultation. JUNEJULY 2020: The Department o

39、f Industry, Science, Energy and Resources will lead targeted consultation processes with specific sectors. Q3 2020: The first annual Low Emissions Technology Statement to be delivered to Parliament. The statement will articulate the Governments technology investment priorities and progress towards t

40、hem. BEFORE COP26: Australias technology-focussed Long Term Emissions Reduction Strategy to be released. TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER | 5 ROADMAP GOVERNANCE AND ENGAGEMENT STRUCTURE ROADMAP GOVERNANCE AND ENGAGEMENT STRUCTURE 6 | TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER ROADM

41、AP GOVERNANCE AND ENGAGEMENT STRUCTURE Stakeholder input The Technology Investment Roadmap will help inform Australias first Low Emissions Technology Statement and will be a critical input to Australias Long Term Emissions Reduction Strategy. The Government welcomes stakeholders views on the Roadmap

42、, including with respect to: a) The challenges, global trends and competitive advantages that should be considered in setting Australias technology priorities, b) The shortlist of technologies that Australia could prioritise for achieving scale in deployment through its technology investments (see F

43、igure 7). c) Goals for leveraging private investment. d) What broader issues, including infrastructure, skills, regulation or, planning, need to be worked through to enable priority technologies to be adopted at scale in Australia. e) Where Australia is well-placed to take advantage of future demand

44、 for low emissions technologies, and support global emissions reductions by helping to deepen trade, markets and global supplychains. In particular, the Government would welcome suggestions for economic stretch goals that could help establish pathways for the cost-effective deployment of priority te

45、chnologies. As outlined in this Roadmap, these stretch goals would include producing hydrogen under $2 per kilogram, and could also cover carbon capture use and storage (CCUS), biological sequestration (in soil and vegetation), firmed renewables, and long-duration energy storage. The Government is i

46、nterested in partnering with industry, research institutions and others with relevant commercial or technical expertise to develop these economic stretch goals, which should be ambitious but achievable. Written submissions should be provided at https:/consult.industry.gov.au/ by 11:59pm (AEST) Sunda

47、y,21 June 2020. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT ROADMAP DISCUSSION PAPER | 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP TO GUIDE INVESTMENTS THROUGH TO 2050 Technology will drive a successful shift to secure, more affordable energy and lower emissions. Deployingthe right technology when and wher

48、e it is needed will allow Australian industry to capture new opportunities from rising global demand for lower emissions products and services. Australian technology is already making a significant contribution around the world. For example, Australian-developed solar technology is used in more than

49、 60 per cent of commercial solar cells globally and achieves record efficiencies of up to 25per cent compared with standard cells.1 A key goal of this Roadmap is to ensure Australia remains at the forefront of the global low emissions technological innovation. Driving down the cost of deploying low emissions technologies to a point where they are competitive with existing alternatives will deliver meaningful reductions in global emissions. This Roadmap will bring a strategic and system-wide view to future investments in low emissions technologies.