1、ITIs 5G Policy Principles and 5G Essentials for Global Policymakers June 2020 www.itic.org June 2020 Promoting Innovation Worldwide2 Globally, the deployment of next generation communication networks has been an area of significant focus for policymakers. This increased attention is warranted, espec

2、ially given the promise that 5G technology holds for innovation, from precision agriculture to advances in telemedicine to the realized vision of smart cities. 5G will also have a tremendous economic impact. By one estimate, globally, 5G technology is expected to enable $13.2 trillion in economic ou

3、tput by 2035.1 In the United States alone, 5G is expected to generate up to $275 billion in infrastructure investment, thus creating approximately three million new jobs and boosting GDP by $500 billion annually.2 Beyond infrastructure investment, the use cases for 5G are projected to generate signi

4、ficant economic growth. In particular, the increased speed, capacity, and functionality of 5G networks will help to enable the next generation of data- enabled innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). 5G networks will enable increased speeds and staggering a

5、mounts of data mobile traffic is expected to grow by a factor of 4 from 38 exabytes in 2019 to 160 exabytes per month in 2025 (exabyte = one billion gigabytes).3 The implications of these numbers are significant not only because 5G will power the next wave of data-driven innovations, but also becaus

6、e of implications for individual privacy, national security, technological leadership, and economic competitiveness. Thus, with the promise of 5G comes a host of policy opportunities and challenges that policymakers worldwide need to balance. As the premier technology trade association with a presen

7、ce across the globe, ITI represents the full spectrum of technology companies, including those contributing to nearly every facet of 5G, from the equipment at the core to the applications that will run on top of 5G networks. It is through this lens that ITI and its member companies have developed ou

8、r 5G Policy Principles, a set of recommendations to help guide policymakers as they develop measures to advance this critical technology globally and our 5G Essentials for Global Policymakers, an informative tool that policymakers, industry partners, and other stakeholders can use to understand the

9、policy recommendations that we set forth. 1 2 3 www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide3 As the premier technology trade association with a presence across the globe, ITI represents the full spectrum of technology companies, including those contributing to nearly every facet of 5G, from the equip

10、ment at the core of 5G to the applications that will run on top of 5G networks. As policymakers seek to promote 5G deployment, there are four key areas where sound policy approaches and government action are essential: Innovation and Investment; Deployment and Access to Spectrum; Security; and Stand

11、ards. Using these key areas, we developed a roadmap to help policymakers as they develop measures to advance this critical technology across the globe. We encourage policymakers to take a holistic approach and consider measures that take into account principles from every area, as 5G cannot be deplo

12、yed effectively otherwise. June 2020 1 2 3 4 Innovation and Investment Enabling 5G Deployment and Access to Spectrum Security Standards ITIs 5G Policy Principles for Global Policymakers www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide4 1 June 2020 The basis for sound 5G policy rests on ensuring an environ

13、ment that supports innovation and encourages investment in the foundational and new technologies that will facilitate the next generation of networks. Governments should consider a full range of policy options in order to support innovation, enable market competition, ensure a skilled workforce, and

14、 harness the transformative power of 5G. Incentivize private and public sector investments in 5G research and development (R allowing for improved crop management and livestock analysis; directing autonomous vehicles to perform field tasks, such as harvesting; and bringing in-field expert advice to

15、communicate with individuals working in remote farming areas. Healthcare 5G can help expand the possibilities for telemedicine as well as applications in hospital settings, allowing patients to be treated sooner and access a broader range of specialists. The availability of remote patient monitoring

16、 can improve health care delivery and enhance preventative care. The increased bandwidth of 5G can transport large data files like medical imagery and 5Gs lower latency allows real-time high-quality video, enabling the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in surgical procedures. Ma

17、nufacturing Currently, manufacturers rely primarily on fixed-line networks to support critical applications, but 5G could allow for lower costs, higher flexibility, and low latency performance for factory floor productions and alterations. By combining the data generated from 5G-connected sensors wi

18、th machine learning algorithms, companies could monitor equipment in real- time and predict with greater accuracy which machines are about to fail, reducing the likelihood of costly downtime. Retail From small grocery stores to large hotel chains, retailers of all sizes could leverage 5G technology

19、to improve their operational efficiency. For example, by using IoT-embedded sensors, a store would have a real- time view of its stock and could seamlessly communicate to the supply chain to send a new shipment when a particular product is low. 5G will also enable retailers to use technologies such

20、as personalized digital signage, interactive mobile apps, and virtual reality to both ease and enhance the overall customer experience. Specific Use Cases Envisioned for 5G: 65G Will Power Data Driven Innovations (continued) www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide16 June 2020 Smart Cities and Com

21、munities The deployment of smart cities is reliant on the connection of multiple low-power digital devices to help power homes, offices, and communities through the IoT. Due to the high volume of data that must be collected and maintained to support this level of real-time connectivity, smart cities

22、 need the higher speed and larger capacity offered by 5G. Examples of smart city use cases include: smart traffic management and public transit systems (e.g., reducing rider wait time and optimizing bus inventory), smart grids and energy systems (e.g., enhancing demand-side management to help reduce

23、 electricity peaks and reduce costs), smart outdoor lighting (e.g., automatically dimming public lighting when no vehicles or pedestrians are present), and smart homes (e.g., controlling indoor lighting, entertainment systems, and appliances). Public Safety 5G can help optimize public safety by allo

24、wing real-time access to mission critical information, improving connectivity, and ensuring reliable communication. 5G specifications will ensure that communications to or between first responders are prioritized in times of emergency, will help to provide first responders a high degree of situation

25、al awareness, and will ultimately lead to improved safety of responders and better outcomes all around. Education 5G in education, particularly in underserved areas, can dramatically change the nature of education through enhanced learning technologies, including the use of AR/ VR tools, which rely

26、on 5G, resulting in closing persistent achievement gaps. Specific Use Cases Envisioned for 5G (continued): 65G Will Power Data Driven Innovations (continued) www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide17 June 2020 Common Misperceptions About 5G, Explained MYTH: 5G is less secure than other generation

27、s of network technology. FACT: 5G considers security at the outset, instead of as an afterthought. As a result, 5G has the potential to be more secure than previous generations of network technology. While the increased reliance by a wide swath of industries and critical infrastructure providers on

28、5G, coupled with the proliferation of connected devices enabled by 5G will result in more entry points into the network and the potential for increased cybersecurity challenges, the numerous security enhancements built in to 5G networks will help secure communications as well as the IoT and other in

29、novations 5G helps enable. Standards development bodies are working on 5G security standards. For example, 5G specifications will ensure that data integrity is achieved at every layer of the network, improved authentication measures are employed, and privacy enhancements are introduced. New industry

30、 reference documents are guiding operators on how to automatically detect and block threats and mitigate security risks. It will be imperative for operators to leverage standards and best practices, invest in state-of-the-art security technologies, and keep current on network security updates and go

31、od cyber hygiene. In addition, 5G will benefit from many technology evolutions already used in other industries, such as virtualization and micro- segmentation that are being deployed in large enterprise data centers and public cloud providers. 5G has the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge ga

32、ined in the security developments in these adjacent markets. MYTH: 5G is only about increasing download speeds. FACT: 5G is about much more than just increasing download speeds it is also about greater connectivity, lower latency, capacity, and network performance, all of which will usher in a new e

33、ra of devices, applications, and services available to consumers and businesses alike. For example, we expect to see 5G-enabled applications across numerous sectors, including in manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and transportation. This will generate tremendous economic impact. Consumers will

34、 see improved video streaming, greater home automation, and new applications around augmented reality. Because an exponential amount of data will be sent between all parties at much faster speeds, appropriate spectrum must be quickly and efficiently allocated and security must be built in from the b

35、eginning. MYTH: 5G standards are nearly finished. FACT: 5G standards, as with most other technical standards, are and will remain under continuous development in 3GPP and a number of other standards bodies including O-RAN Alliance, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU and ETSI, and these standards will continue to

36、change as the technology evolves. For example, 3GPP issues technical specifications in “Releases,” whereby a core set of features are “frozen” and subsequent functionality can be added on in future Releases. It is important to note that 3GPP technical specifications are backwards and forwards compat

37、ible, ensuring that a system can continue to perform without interruption as network technology evolves. 7 www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide18 June 2020 Common Misperceptions About 5G, Explained (continued) MYTH: China is taking over 3GPP and other standards development bodies and will ther

38、efore wield undue influence in the deployment of 5G networks. FACT: As 5G is deployed and 3GPP continues to develop the technical specifications that will govern this next generation of network technology, some have raised concerns that China is “flooding” the system, putting forward large numbers o

39、f contributions and sending increased numbers of participants to meetings. However, the quantity of contributions is not an accurate way to measure or predict influence; what really matters is the quality and substance of a technical contribution and which ones are accepted for inclusion in the spec

40、ifications. Additionally, few contributions put forth by one company go through the process without modification. 3GPP is a consensus-based, collaborative organization, with rules and processes in place to ensure that no company or country has undue influence or is able to micromanage an agenda. The

41、re is no empirical evidence of undue influence by any actor on 5G standards both in the distribution of leadership positions and in accepted contributions of leading 5G specifications. Firms participating in 3GPP do have influence based on the technical merit of their contributions, but there is no

42、evidence that Chinese firms have disproportionate, meaningful influence at 3GPP or other SDOs. MYTH: Only U.S.-based manufacturers produce safe/secure equipment. FACT: Equipment security is not solely determined by country of origin. Security is a continuum, not an end state. While country-of-origin

43、 is one risk factor to be considered, it is not the sole and dispositive factor. For instance, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ICT Supply Chain Task Force recently undertook a supplier threat assessment and country-of-origin was identified as one threat out of over one hundred potential fac

44、tors to take into consideration. MYTH: The primary security risk in 5G networks is associated with hardware. FACT: While hardware is certainly one area that could present a risk in the network, security solutions will need to focus on all aspects of the end-to-end system. Cyberattacks on mobile netw

45、ork infrastructure (3G, 4G, and now 5G) and their users continue to grow, along with increased network capacity and speed. Criminals consistently introduce and update new attack tools, using automation and exploit toolkits, to attack mobile operators network infrastructure, applications, and service

46、s, and the operators customers/end-users (consumers and enterprises). As 5G will support an increased amount of connected devices, the attack surface also increases. The risk and potential damage are relevant not only to the telecom sector, but to all sectors to which it is closely interconnected an

47、d interdependent including energy, finance, healthcare, transportation, IT, government, manufacturing, and retail. That said, governments should consider risks beyond those associated with hardware. 7 www.itic.orgPromoting Innovation Worldwide19 June 2020 Common Misperceptions About 5G, Explained (c

48、ontinued) MYTH: There is no need for an edge if your radio access network is connected by fiber to the core. FACT: The 5G network design has been specifically architected to flatten the hierarchical design of previous generations of mobile network and push compute, storage and connectivity as close

49、as possible to the service delivery point, also known as the edge of the network. It is the network edge where use cases that involve the need for ultra-reliable low-latency are enabled. The close proximity of the edge to the running service, for example, Robotic Surgery, creates the low latency capability between the Robot (UE) and the Service that is attached to the Robot. Thus, an edge is a vital part of the 5G network. 7