1、UNWTO RECOMMENDATIONS ON TOURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT A Guide to Making Tourism an Effective Tool for Rural Development https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 These Recommendations were developed by the World Tourism O

2、rganization (UNWTO) with the contribution of UNWTOs Committee on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC), UNWTO Affiliate Members, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank Group, the International Trade Center (ITC), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the

3、 Committee of the Regions of the European Union, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Network of European Regions for a Sustainable and Competitive Tourism (NECSTOUR), the European Federation of Rural Tourism, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), the Association of

4、 Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the South Pacific Tourism Organization (SPTO), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and E (Spain). Madrid, 27 September 2020. Launched on the occasion of: https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP

5、Address:40.65.176.200 INTRODUCTION https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization Tourism is one of the fastest growing and most resilient socio-economic sectors of our times. It accounts for 7% of gl

6、obal trade and has outpaced economic growth for the last decade. A leading employer, it generates millions of jobs directly and indirectly. However, in many places, the benefits of tourism, including enhanced employment and gender opportunities, have been concentrated in urban and coastal areas, con

7、tributing to an unequal territorial distribution of wealth and economic opportunities. Furthermore, pressure on the most visited locations comes with risks such as overcrowding, unsustainable demand for natural and cultural resources, and possible disruptions to social fabric and community life. Pro

8、moting tourism in rural areas spreads the benefits of the sector more widely across regions and populations, while at the same time mitigating the risks associated with the concentration of tourism in specific locations. Tourism can be an effective means of providing socio-economic opportunities for

9、 rural communities. It can also help with increasing the attractiveness and vitality of rural areas, mitigating demographic challenges, reducing migration, and promoting a range of local resources and traditions while upholding the essence of rural life. It can also celebrate a territorys values, of

10、ten the essence of the travel experience, in an active way so as to preserve both tangible and intangible heritage and complement the existing economic activities of these territories. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of tourism in rural development is more relevant than ever. Touri

11、sm in rural areas offers important opportunities for recovery as tourists look for less populated destinations and open-air experiences and activities. At the same time, communities in rural areas are, in general, much less prepared to deal with the direct and indirect impacts of crisis. It is there

12、fore of critical importance to support them in facing the economic and social effects of the pandemic. As the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres stressed in his recent Policy Brief COVID 19 and Transforming Tourism1, this crisis is also “an opportunity to rethink how tourism interacts

13、 with our societies, other economic sectors and our natural resources and ecosystems; to measure and manage it better; to ensure the fairer distribution of its benefits and to advance the transition towards a carbon-neutral and more resilient tourism economy.” 1. United Nations, Policy Brief: COVID-

14、19 and Transforming Tourism, UN, August 2020 World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism OrganizationWorld Tourism Organization Moreover, the growing, intrinsic and unavoidable connec

15、tion between urban and rural development has been accelerated by the current crisis. The shift in the worlds population towards urban areas creates new dynamics that offer opportunities for a fresh look and to re-think how to better enhance these urban-rural linkages. 2020 marks the Year of Tourism

16、and Rural Development, a theme shared with this years World Tourism Day. The sustainability of tourism in rural areas will only be successful if a comprehensive, inclusive planning strategy is adopted and implemented based on a multi-action and multi-stakeholder participatory approach. The UNWTO Rec

17、ommendations on Tourism and Rural Development aim to support governments at various levels, as well as the private sector and the international community in developing tourism in rural territories in a way that contributes to inclusive, sustainable and resilient development. Such development will en

18、sure the fair distribution of tourisms benefits, enhance job creation, protect natural resources and cultural heritage, promote social inclusion and empower local communities and traditionally disadvantaged groups, particularly women, youth and Indigenous peoples. Inclusive tourism will also contrib

19、ute to making rural territories more accessible for both locals and visitors of different generations and different access needs, thus providing a better quality of life for all. 2020 also marks 75 years of the United Nations (UN). Harnessing the power of tourism to drive rural development will enha

20、nce the sectors contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. As the world faces one of the most challenging crises of all times, there is a collective opportunity to renew our efforts and develop innovate approach

21、es that will foster tourisms potential for development, including its unique ability to drive development for rural communities as one of the socio-economic activities engaging across and throughout communities and leaving no one behind. https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunda

22、y, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization RATIONALE World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization Urbanization is a prevalent tre

23、nd across the world. According to the UN, by 2050 68% of the world population will live in urban areas2 and cities will produce 85% of global economic output, leaving behind a staggeringly high human and environmental impact and imposing a high cost on surrounding rural areas3. This trend contrasts

24、with the fact that 80% of all people living in extreme poverty live in rural communities4. Rural areas face increasing demographic challenges, particularly depopulation, lower income levels, a digital divide, decline in traditional economic activities and lack of economic diversity as well as scarce

25、 infrastructure, services and transport connectivity. Rural youth are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the lack of gainful employment and entrepreneurial opportunities in agriculture and related rural economic activities5. At the same time, they are also the most crucial when addressing rura

26、l development6. Nearly 1 billion of the worlds 1.2 billion youth aged 15-24 reside in developing countries and 88% of youth in developing countries live in rural areas; 75 million of them are unemployed. Traditional economic and cultural systems are under threat from climate change. This particularl

27、y affects Indigenous people who are reliant on agriculture and local natural resources. In extreme cases, land abandoned due to migration can be affected by erosion, causing an altered cultural landscape and the potential loss of a sense of place. Such locations are also at higher risk from natural

28、disasters. Tourism has proven to be a tool for economic diversification and a major employment engine with a multiplier effect on other sectors that contribute to rural development. Tourism in rural areas can particularly benefit traditionally disadvantaged groups such as women - who make up 54% of

29、the workforce in the tourism sector compared to 39% for the 2. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) 3. TWI2050 - The World in 2050 (2020). Innovations for Sustainability. Pathways to an efficient and post-pandemic future. Report prepared by The World in 2050 initiative.

30、 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. www.twi2050.org 4. De La O Campos, A.P., Villani, C., Davis, B., Takagi, M. 2018. Ending extreme poverty in rural areas Sustaining livelihoods to leave no one behind. Rome, FAO. 84 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 5.

31、 Food and Agriculture Organization, Addressing rural youth migration at its root causes: A conceptual framework (2016) 6. FAO. 2020. Rural youth and the COVID-19 pandemic. Rome. https:/doi.org/10.4060/ca9531en World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday

32、, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization whole economy - youth and Indigenous people. Tourism is also an easy access sector for micro and small enterprises and for the self-employed, who make up a significant part of the tourism sector and community- level

33、entrepreneurship in general. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered rising interest from tourists looking for new experiences based around natural and rural areas in the open air, far from congested settings. This, combined with the already rising demand for more authentic experiences that

34、 offer stronger engagement with local communities, their culture and products, as well as demand for a greener approach in all stages of the travel experience opens up immense opportunities for the economic, social and environmental revitalization of rural areas through tourism. The current crisis h

35、as also emphasized the importance of building resilience among communities in those rural areas which rely on tourism. This implies better social protection and benefits-sharing among communities, as well as economic diversification and the broadening of tourism products and markets through added va

36、lue experiences. To achieve this, investment, skills development, access to finance, infrastructure development, digital transformation, sustainable development, impact assessment, improved governance and womens empowerment should be placed at the heart of the recovery plans for tourism in rural com

37、munities. This will help support them as they navigate through the crisis and emerge stronger. Finally, creating new opportunities for jobs and economic activities in rural areas through tourism requires a holistic approach that engages all other sectors and activities in the tourism value chain and

38、 promotes Public- Private-Community (PPC) partnerships. Harnessing the power of tourism to drive rural development will enhance the sectors contribution to achieving the SDGs, particularly Goals 1 (No Poverty), 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 10 (Reduced Inequalities) 11 (S

39、ustainable Cities and Communities), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 15 (Life on Land), and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), as well as the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. However, realizing these opportunities, requires an integrated and sequential strategic app

40、roach to tourism for rural development with a long-term vision towards 2030 and beyond. World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 RECOMMENDATIONS World Tourism OrganizationWorld Tourism Organizat

41、ion https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 I. Placing Tourism as a strategic pillar in policies for rural development II. Tourism for the benefit and wellbeing of rural communities: Building a fair, inclusive, resilient

42、 and sustainable sector III. New opportunities for tourism and rural development: Innovation, technology and digitalization IV. Product development and value chain integration for a sustainable and enhanced travel experience V. Fostering sustainable policies and practices in rural destinations World

43、 Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284422173 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 7:18:23 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 1. National, regional and local governments should place tourism as one of the strategic pillars of rural development policies bett

44、er recognising the role the sector can play as part of a diversified rural economy and putting in place active policies to promote it. This includes providing an enabling normative and regulatory framework, adequate investment, guidance and incentives to develop and manage tourism in rural areas mor

45、e effectively and sustainably. This is particularly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 support measures as tourism in rural areas can make an important contribution to the recovery of the sector and increase the socio-economic resilience of rural communities. Even though governments have severe

46、ly challenged budgets, it is essential to direct an effect proportion of national and regional resources, especially during the time of the COVID-19 crisis to promote investment and develop public infrastructure in rural areas, especially due to the current opportunity in customer trends of preferen

47、ce to travel in low concentration, easier social distancing areas. 2. National, regional and local governments should fully integrate tourism into their development plans. Factors to be considered include the territorial identity and specific features of rural destinations, as well as policies to di

48、stribute the benefits of tourism throughout their territories and make tourism an effective tool for inclusive, resilient and sustainable development for rural areas. Special emphasis should be placed on designing national and regional planning guidelines and/or legislation. These should enable the

49、more productive usage of land (in its various uses) in tourism (and other) developments and allow faster, more efficient planning and execution of development programmes. This should also allow for the more efficient usage of land (and land allocation), including the continued preservation of natural reserves, and other natural, tangible, and non-tangible national, regional and local community resources that will attract visitors and tourists. 3. Governments should promote a whole-of-government approach through enhanced coordi