1、GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR 2017/18 1 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT 2017/18 SPONSORING INSTITUTIONS Babson College, Babson Park, MA, United States Lead Sponsoring Institution and Founding Institution Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile Sponsoring Institution Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia

2、Sponsoring Institution Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation Sponsoring Institution ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to Slavica Singer, Mike Herrington and Ehud Menipaz for compiling and writing the 2017/18 report and for the coordination and the preparation of all tables and figures; to Jonathan Carmona

3、, Forrest Wright and Alicia Coduras for their tremendous effort and long hours spent on data analysis and on preparing the information for the tables and figures; to the GEM national teams for their invaluable role in conducting the GEM survey in their respective economies and gathering the informat

4、ion contained in this report; to Rothko Marketing for their contribution to the design, layout and typesetting of the final document; and to the Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation for organizing the printing of the report. 2018 by the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA) ISBN-13: 978-1

5、-939242-10-5 1 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT 2 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT GLOBAL GEM SPONSORS BABSON COLLEGE Babson College is a founding institution and sponsor of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Located in Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA, Babson is recognized internationally as a leader in entrepreneu

6、rial management education. U.S. News and World Report have ranked Babson #1 in entrepreneurship education for 21 consecutive years. Babson grants B.S degrees through its innovative undergraduate program, and offers MBA and M.S degrees and certificate programs through its FW Olin Graduate School of B

7、usiness. Babson Executive and Enterprise Education is a dynamic learning laboratory, where clients, faculty, staff and partners work together to address real-world business challenges and create and capitalize on opportunities for our clients. Babsons student body is globally diverse, hailing from 4

8、7 U.S. states and 77 economies (non-U.S. students comprise more than 26% of undergraduates and 74% of full-time MBA students). Students can choose from over 100 entrepreneurship courses offered each year taught by 42 tenure or tenure-track faculty, all with entrepreneurship experience; seven faculty

9、 from other divisions around the college; and highly accomplished business leaders serving as adjunct faculty. Entrepreneurial Thought and Action (ETA) is at the center of the Babson experience, where students are taught to experiment with their ideas in real-life contexts, learning and adapting the

10、se as they leverage who and what they know to create valuable opportunities. Entrepreneurship of All Kinds emphasizes that entrepreneurship is crucial and applicable to organizations of all types and sizes, whether a newly launched independent start-up, a multigenerational family business, a social

11、venture, or an established organization. Through an emphasis on Social, Environmental, Economic Responsibility, and Sustainability (SEERS), students learn that economic and social value creation are not mutually exclusive, but integral to each other. The Babson Collaborative is a membership organiza

12、tion that brings together educational institutions seeking to build and grow entrepreneurship education for the betterment of our world. Babson shares its methodology and educational model with other institutions around the world through Babson Global, and in the process brings new knowledge and opp

13、ortunities back to its campus. Besides GEM, Babson has co-founded and continues to sponsor the Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference (BCERC), the largest academic research conference focused exclusively on entrepreneurship, as well as the Successful Transgenerational Entrepreneurship P

14、roject (STEP) - a global family business research project. Babson is home to The Diana Project, which engages in research activities, forums and scholarship focusing on women entrepreneurs and their growth. For more information, visit www.babson.edu UNIVERSIDAD DEL DESARROLLO True to the spirit and

15、enterprising drive of its founders, the Universidad del Desarrollo is today one of the most prestigious universities in Chile. The project started 27 years ago in Concepcin, a southern city of Chile, with 100 business administration students. Twenty seven years later, the facts speak for themselves.

16、 Its rapid growth has become an expression of the universitys main 3 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT facet: entrepreneurship. The UDD MBA program is rated one of the best in South America and also as a leader in entrepreneurship education, according to America Economia magazine, an achievement that once again

17、 represents the entrepreneurial seal that is embedded in the spirit of the university. Today the university has more than 13,500 undergraduates, 3,000 postgraduates and over 11,700 graduates from 26 careers that cover all areas of human knowledge. UDD also has 15 research centers in many disciplines

18、. One of these research centers, the Entrepreneurship Institute of the School of Business and Economics, co-ordinates the GEM Chile project and is one of the most important research centers in South America dedicated to entrepreneurship studies. For more information visit www.udd.cl UNIVERSITI TUN A

19、BDUL RAZAK Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNIRAZAK) was established on 18 December 1997 as one of the first private universities in Malaysia. The university was named after Malaysias second prime minister, the late YAB Tun Abdul Razak bin Dato Hussein, and was officially launched on 21 December 1998 by

20、 Tun Abdul Razaks eldest son, YAB Dato Seri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak, current prime minister of Malaysia. UNIRAZAK recognized the imperative for Malaysias future entrepreneurs to equip themselves with the proper tools and expertise to survive and flourish in todays modern competitive economic

21、climate. Thus UNIRAZAK founded The Bank Rakyat School of Business and Entrepreneurship (BRSBE), a unique school dedicated to providing quality education in entrepreneurial and business leadership in Malaysia. BRSBE was formed with the view that entrepreneurial activity is one of the pillars of a str

22、ong and vibrant economy. Although big business is vital for economic health and prosperity, a strong cadre of SMIs and SMEs is also essential to ensure a diverse economy and to provide the required support to big business and the community. In fact, the dramatic economic development in Asia over the

23、 past two decades highlights the importance of understanding entrepreneurship in the region. In this regard UNIRAZAK, through BRSBE, is ideally poised to play both a national and regional role in developing entrepreneurship and meeting challenges unique to Asia. For more information visit www.uniraz

24、ak.edu.my KOREA ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOUNDATION The Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation (KEF) is a non-profit organization established in 2010 with funding from Korean venture entrepreneurs and the Small and Medium Business Administration of Korea in order to foster entrepreneurship among the young genera

25、tion. The primary goal of KEF is nurturing and discovering young entrepreneurs by training talented students and people, so that it finally aims to contribute to a vibrant entrepreneurship culture in Korea. To achieve this, KEF has been developing and offering several entrepreneurship education prog

26、rams to as many people as possible. The teachers engaged in primary school to tertiary education are one of the important players in unleashing entrepreneurship when it comes to their impact to young people. KEF has developed a series of programs for them so that they can play as the capable facilit

27、ators in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. There are also many direct programs for young people based on their ages, which contain case study, theory, game tools and activity. For those who have a special background, such as women trying to back on their career track, a North Korean defector in South

28、Korea and a discharged soldier, KEF offers appropriate programs coordinating with several organizations from public and private sector. To build a decent and sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem, KEF also devoted its resources to research and global networks. With the Korea Institution of Startup

29、and Entrepreneurship Development (KISED) we have participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) since 2014. A research project, titled the Entrepreneurship Trend Report in Korea, offers credible statistics to help understand the status of entrepreneurship in Korea. In addition to this, th

30、e widespread network of resources are the KEFs pride. The partnership with both public and private sectors allows KEF to maintain the balanced perspectives. A wide range of overseas partnerships contribute to develop global programs for the young generation in Korea. For more information visit www.k

31、oef.or.kr NATIONAL GEM SPONSORS More than 200 sponsors support national GEM surveys, including academic institutions, governments (ministries, agencies, international aid programs) and the business sector (banks and corporations). For the complete list of national sponsors, see Part 4. 4 2017/18 GLO

32、BAL REPORT MESSAGE BY THE CHAIRMAN As part of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) team I am proud to introduce the new annual Global Report 2017/2018. An important global trend that has been observed during the last few decades is that entrepreneurship activities continue to grow all over the

33、world. In many countries in which the decision to start a new business was traditionally triggered by necessity, an increasing share of entrepreneurship is now triggered by opportunity. The new digital technologies can certainly explain a large portion of this shift. However, additional factors are

34、the change in the attitude towards entrepreneurship as well as regulations imposed in different countries. The global context is now different from the one that prevailed when the GEM project was launched. Thus, as the GEM consortium we face the challenge of constantly looking for different ways to

35、gather and process information about entrepreneurship. New formats and more customized reports, among other changes, have already been implemented. In this Global Report for 2017/2018, a new Entrepreneurship Spirit Index has been introduced. This index makes it possible to compare countries with reg

36、ard to entrepreneurial framework conditions, and is therefore very useful for policy decisions. This is a first step towards an Entrepreneurial Activity Indexnow a work in progress. This will allow a comparison among countries from a broader perspective. Many thanks to all the national teams that ha

37、ve contributed to this new Global Report 2017/2018, and especially to our sponsors Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo, University Tun Abdul Razak, and the Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation, who support the work of the GEM Consortium. Hernn Cheyre Chairman, Global Entrepreneurship Research As

38、sociation 5 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT PREFACE The 2017 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report is the 19th consecutive global report that the GEM consortium has published as part of its worldwide research project since it was founded in 1997 by academics from Babson College and the London Business

39、School. GEM provides a primary data based measurement and assessment tools of all forms of entrepreneurship and other socio-economic renewal derivatives, culminating in policy decisions and relevant recommendations for participating countries. The first report was launched in 1999 and included ten d

40、eveloped economieseight from the OECD (Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy and the United Kingdom) as well as Japan and the United States of America. GEM brings together hundreds of researchers and policy makers from across the globe and includes more than one hundred academic a

41、nd government institutions every year. The involvement of all these individuals and institutions undoubtedly makes GEM the most comprehensive and collaborative study on entrepreneurship in the world. Since its inception, GEM has conducted research in close to one hundred countries. The 2017 GEM Glob

42、al Report was conducted in fifty four countries. The GEM consortium strives to fulfil its various stakeholders expectations. First, GEM provides the most comprehensive information available on the very complex and essential phenomenon of entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation. Second, GEM

43、 offers data bases that serve as the basis for academic research and academic publications worldwide. Third, GEM continuously investigates ways to gather primary source data using advanced technologies of data collection. Fourth, GEM provides policy recommendations that are of importance and relevan

44、ce to decision makers at all levels of national and regional governments. Fifth, GEM collects and provides information in new formats, taking advantage of digital technologies, including social networks and Big Data. Finally, special reports are published during the year, including regionally focuse

45、d reports. These reports echo the evolving and constantly changing entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems. All the rich and expanded set of GEMs deliverables are available to the national teams, the various stakeholders and the general public in the following link http:/www.gemconsortium.org/ Th

46、e GEMs global community of scholars, practitioners and other stakeholders, who constantly benefit from GEM research in a variety of ways, is indebted to the founding institutions, Babson College and London Business School, as well as to the GEMs global sponsors: Babson College, Universidad del Desar

47、rollo, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak and Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation (KEF). The Association of GEM National Teams is fortunate to celebrate the commencement of GEMs third decade of a fruitful and exciting global research endeavour in the great city of Seoul, Korea, and look forward to its own evolution, growth and renewal. Prof. Emeritus Ehud Menipaz President, Association of GEM National Teams (AGNT) 6 2017/18 GLOBAL REPORT SPONSORING INSTITUTIONS.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .1 GEM GLOBAL SPONSORS.2 MESSAGE BY THE CHAIRMAN .4 PREFACE .