1、Insight Report The Travel (ii) make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its suitability for any particular purpose; (iii) accept no liability for any use of the said Data or reliance placed on it, in particular, for any interpretation, d

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7、irement is attached to any use of Data, whether obtained directly from the World Economic Forum or from a user. Users who make World Economic Forum Data available to other users through any type of distribution or download environment agree to make reasonable efforts to communicate and promote compl

8、iance by their end users with these terms. Users who intend to sell World Economic Forum Data as part of a database or as a standalone product must first obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum (gcpweforum.org). The Travel Central and South American nations should continue improving thei

9、r safety and security, create more enabling environments for business and develop their infrastructure to enhance connectivity. Asia-Pacific consists of some of the economies that have flourished most in recent years and five out of the 15 most- improved countries in the index: Japan (4th), Korea (1

10、9th), India (40th), Vietnam (67th) and Bhutan (78th). While East Asia and Australia boats world class infrastructure and are among the most ICT-ready economies globally, they are also relatively less price competitive than other areas in the region. Conversely, while South-East Asian and South Asian

11、 nations are more price-competitive destinations, infrastructure and ICT readiness lags for the most part. Improving regional visa policies could further enhance travel and tourism. Despite significant headwinds, the Middle East and North Africa, led by the United Arab Emirates (29th), has improved

12、its T and already today, the travel and tourism industry has almost twice as many women employers as other sectors. Accounting for 30% of world services exports, and the largest export category in many developing countries, the industry is a tremendous employment generator. Yet research suggests tha

13、t the industrys potential could be hinderedand 14 million jobs could be at riskif governments and the private sector do not address the talent shortage in the industry.3 If properly managed, the T the Americas (headed by the United States, 6th in the overall list); Asia-Pacific, including Central As

14、ia (headed by Japan, 4th overall); the Middle East and North Africa (led by the United Arab Emirates, 29th); and Sub-Saharan Africa (topped by South Africa, 53rd). For each region, the performance of a few countries is outlined to give a sense of how the results can be interpreted at the national le

15、vel. Table1 displays the overall ranking9 and Tables 2-5 show regional performance by pillar, including the best- and worst-performing countries on each pillar for each region. Europe and Eurasia Europe is once again the region with the strongest overall T Bosnia and Herzegovina; Congo, Democratic R

16、ep.; Ecuador and Ukraine. Ten that were covered in the 2015 ReportAngola, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Myanmar, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Suriname, Swazilandare not covered this time due to insufficient data. Index ResultsThe Travel human resources are more qualified and easier to manage (67t

17、h, up 8); and prices are more competitive (124th, up 9 places). However, the prioritization of the T lack of progress on ground transportation infrastructure (100th) and environmental sustainability (125th). Greater institutional coordination to prioritize policy intervention related to these factor

18、s may result in not only a more conducive environment for attracting tourists, but also one that generates growth. Colombia ranks 62nd globally, up six places in 2017. Colombia continues to gain appeal as a tourism destination, attracting almost 3 million international visitors in 2015. Its T the co

19、untry welcomed 14.4 million international visitors in 2015, 4 million more than two years earlier. Despite these improvements, the country fell by a few positions in the rankings, due to exceptional performances of countries in other regions, in particular, South Korea and Greece. The United Arab Em

20、irates continues to offer an outstanding business environment to invest in T only South Africa performs above the world average. Natural resources are also unevenly protected, despite the importance of protecting the environment for African economies. On average, environmental performance is positiv

21、e, but deforestation and habitat loss are becoming problematic in some countries. Ten African countries have lost at least 7% of their forests compared to 2000. Lack of international openness is a further area that requires policy attention at the regional level. In addition to open-skies policies,

22、in many cases visa policies are still very restrictive, especially in West Africa. While regional analysis highlights some of the common trends, shared strengths and weaknesses, there are, as always, large variations at the country level. Compared to the 2015 edition of the TTCI, Tanzania, Uganda, C

23、te dIvoire, Gabon and Mozambique have all achieved a stronger performance, while Namibia and South Africa have lost some ground. South Africa still leads the regional ranking, taking the 53rd place globally, though the country slipped 5 places since 2015. It continues to rely on cultural resources (

24、19th), strong natural resources (23rd), and a conducive business environment (21st), characterized by minimal red tape and modest administrative burden. Although the labour market remains inefficient (118th), there has been some progress in this area: it ranked 135th two years ago. The country has a

25、lso improved price competitiveness (43rd) by reducing tickets charges, taxes and hotel prices. Despite these improvements, South Africas tourism competitiveness has deteriorated on two elements safety and security (120th) and environmental sustainability (117th). Fears of terrorism and an increased

26、sense of insecurity related to crime make tourists less light-hearted about travelling in the country. With 33 homicides per 100,000 people, South Africa has one of the worst homicide rates in the index, ranking 131st. With respect to environmental sustainability, deforestation and loss of habitat h

27、ave proceeded at a rapid rate since 2000. The global interest and demand for South Africas natural resources is increasing, but insufficient habitat preservation could prevent the country from benefitting from this growing source of tourist attraction. Another aspect that The Travel Cte dIvoire has

28、become more expensive to visit this year due to increased airport and taxes charges. Colors are determined by the relative position of each score in the global distribution of each pillar, taken individually. Enabling environment Country/EconomyGlobal rankBusiness environment Safety and securityHeal

29、th and hygiene Human resource and labour marketICT readiness SOUTHERN AFRICA South Africa535.33.93.84.64.4 Namibia824.95.23.54.13.9 Botswana855.15.33.54.54.1 Zambia1084.65.42.74.12.8 Zimbabwe1143.05.52.93.62.9 Lesotho1284.25.42.93.63.2 Southern Africa Average4.55.13.24.13.5 EASTERN AFRICA Mauritius5

30、55.25.95.34.84.5 Kenya804.43.43.24.53.4 Tanzania914.15.12.93.62.7 Rwanda975.16.43.84.73.3 Uganda1064.34.62.84.02.8 Ethiopia1164.04.94.53.72.6 Madagascar1213.65.03.33.82.1 Mozambique1224.24.61.83.62.6 Malawi1234.25.43.04.22.5 Congo, Democratic Rep.1334.14.02.83.91.6 Burundi1343.94.23.83.91.6 Eastern

31、Africa Average4.34.93.44.02.7 WESTERN AFRICA Cape Verde834.45.24.74.54.0 Cte dIvoire1094.35.02.63.73.5 Senegal1114.25.43.63.63.2 Gambia, The1124.25.63.64.03.3 Gabon1194.05.34.43.73.8 Ghana1204.65.53.04.73.6 Cameroon1264.04.33.14.42.7 Benin1274.35.22.94.52.7 Nigeria1294.33.12.73.63.2 Mali1304.13.62.6

32、3.12.4 Sierra Leone1314.25.12.34.22.3 Mauritania1323.44.23.72.62.2 Chad1352.93.72.93.12.0 Western Africa Average4.14.73.23.83.0 Table 5: The Travel Airbnb reported over one million hosts in 2015. To remain competitive, the industry must complement its high-touch approach with high-tech applications.

33、 Today, consumers want to feel special and expect personalization of service and experience. While data analytics enable the sector to tailor its offerings to traveller preferences, it is important to ensure that increased automation does not lead to a disconnect between online and in-person exchang

34、es. According to our research,22 over the next decade (2016 to 2025), digitalization in aviation, travel and tourism is expected to create up to $305 billion of value for the industry through increased profitability, migrate $100 billion of value from traditional players to new competitors, and gene

35、rate benefits valued at $700 billion for customers and the wider society through reduced environmental footprint, improved safety and security, and cost and time savings for consumers. In addition, the research forecasts a net displacement of current jobs in the industry, partially offset by the cre

36、ation of next-generation skilled jobs inside and outside the travel ecosystem. It is essential to address the potential implications of digitalization on the industry workforce, as intelligent automation is forecasted to change the nature of some travel jobs and eradicate others altogether. The indu

37、stry hopes that new employment opportunities could outpace eradication should industry growth forecasts be met. Platforms may also enable “liquid”, flexible workforce models, which will redefine the employer-employee relationship and present regulatory challenges. A concerted effort across industry,

38、 government, educational institutions and civil society will be required to mitigate any negative impacts. For more discussion about digitalization and new technologies, see pages 59 and 61 for “The Perfect Trip” and “Do More with Less: The Power of Innovation 7 = Extremely efficient among the best

39、in the world) b. Train services (1 = Extremely inefficient among the worst in the world; 7 = Extremely efficient among the best in the world).” Environmental treaty ratifications The list of treaties has been expanded from 27 to 32 to include: The 2015 Paris Agreement; the 1998 Aarhus Convention; th

40、e 2003 Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers; the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes; and the 1997 Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses. Quality of tourism infrastructure The quest

41、ion underlying this indicator has become more direct and specific. In the 2015 edition of the index the question was: “When senior executives visit your country for the first time for business purposes, how likely are you to recommend extending their trip for leisure purposes? (1 = very unlikely; 7

42、= very likely)”. For the 2017 edition the question was changed to: “In your country, how do you assess the quality of tourism infrastructure (e.g. hotels, resorts, entertainment facilities) (1 = Very poor among the worst in the world; 7 = Excellent among the best in the world)?” Automated teller mac

43、hines This indicator continues to measure the availability of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) in a country. However, the scope now includes all ATMs rather than ATMs accepting Visa cards. The denominator has also changed from total population to adult population. Attractiveness of natural assets Th

44、e question underlying this indicator has become more direct and specific. The 2015 edition of the question was: “How would you assess the quality of the natural environment in your country? (1 = extremely poor; 7 = among the worlds most pristine?” For the 2017 edition, the question was changed to: “

45、To what extent do international tourists visit your country mainly for its natural assets (e.g. parks, beaches, mountains, wildlife, etc.) (1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent)?” The Travel its not just unfair, its inefficient. Over the last decade, weve seen would-be terrorists traveling with pas

46、sports from countries long seen as low risk. We are beginning to move to a future where travel is facilitated by your digital identity, built with unique biometrics and “pushed” out to governments and companies, with permission, to ease travel. The private sector canand already ishelping to build th

47、ese capabilities, through innovative companies working on completely digital passports and visas. But we need to move faster. Biometrics need to be regularly collected so that global citizens can travel and engage more seamlessly in countries around the world. Indias ambitious countrywide biometric

48、collection program passed the 1 billion mark in April 2016 and is beginning to serve as a model for other forward-thinking countries.2 Privacy is paramount and customers have the right to “own” their digital identity and decide which governments and companies to share it with; and in exchange for sh

49、aring more personal data, travellers will experience safer, more streamlined travel. Global Communication Governments will also need to adopt new policies that enable greater information and data-sharing across national borders. Building these digital bridges will enable security agencies to integrate many disparate national systems and better protect their borders and citizens by allowing them to focus resources on the true threats. Many countries have already taken steps to increase information-sharing with trusted allies and partners. We need to build off of the success of existing