1、1 White Paper on ITS spectrum utilization in the Asia Pacific Region 2 White Paper www.5GAA.org White paper on ITS spectrum utilization in the Asia Pacific Region Executive Summary With the booming development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), an increasing number of regulators and govern

2、ments around the globe pay attention to both technology and spectrum matters around ITS. This white paper summarizes the status of ITS spectrum utilization in the Asia Pacific Region, with focus on Japan, Korea, Singapore, Australia and China. Based on the ITS developments in the region, including b

3、usiness development, spectrum allocation and policy, the white paper provides recommendations on the choice of technology for ITS. The white paper also provides recommendations on the spectrum allocated for ITS applications based on direct vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. 5.9 GHz is the m

4、ost promising band used for ITS applications in Korea, Singapore, Australia and China. 5.9 GHz spectrum has been assigned for ITS deployments or ITS trials. Especially the 5855-5925 MHz band is defined as Band 47 in 3GPP, which is used for V2X operation over the PC5 interface. As it is beneficial to

5、 take advantage of the existing ecosystem development, it is highly recommended to consider 5.9 GHz as the target ITS spectrum for regulators and governments planning to allocate spectrum for ITS applications. Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), including its existing implementation of LTE-V2X as well as future r

6、ealizations, is considered as the desirable choice of technology for ITS. C-V2X, consisting of the Uu interface and the PC5 interface, provides the required performance for ITS applications both from the communication range and reliability perspectives according to extensive link-level and system-le

7、vel simulation results. C-V2X has also shown very good performance in trials and tests of ITS applications at 5.9 GHz. For instance, the LTE-V2X trials in China show that the tested C-V2X devices can achieve the requirements according to the relevant 3GPP specifications. It is noted that future comm

8、ercial ITS deployments in China are also planned to be based on C-V2X. Since it is feasible for C-V2X to coexist with other services or applications in co-channel and/or adjacent channel deployments in the 5.9 GHz band, more regulators and governments around the world pay attention to C-V2X. 3 In Ko

9、rea and Australia, even though their ITS trials so far have been based mostly on IEEE 802.11p/ ITS G5 technology, the ITS spectrum is assigned in a technology neutral manner in the sense that C-V2X technology can operate in the assigned ITS spectrum as long as the regulatory requirements are fulfill

10、ed. In order to further promote the use of C-V2X for ITS applications in countries where C-V2X has not been considered yet, the principle of technology neutrality is a good start which regulators and governments are encouraged to follow. For countries where the principle of technology neutrality is

11、adopted, trials or tests of C-V2X are encouraged to demonstrate that C-V2X complies with corresponding regulations and should be viewed as the technology of choice for ITS applications. It is highly recommended to deliver safety related services on dedicated ITS spectrum using the C-V2X PC5 interfac

12、e complemented by the C-V2X Uu interface on licensed spectrum. For safety related services, for example forward collision warning, control loss warning, emergency vehicle warning, emergency stop, road safety services, pre-crash sensing warning, etc., high performance is desired (low latency, high re

13、liability). Considering the high performance demand of safety related services, dedicated spectrum allocation at 5.9 GHz is suggested for PC5 interface based V2X communications. 4 Contents 1. Overview . 5 2. Asia Pacific Region Summary. 6 2.1 ITS Spectrum and Channel arrangement . 6 2.2 Spectrum and

14、 road authority policy . 6 3. ITS spectrum per jurisdiction . 7 3.1 Japan . 7 3.2 Korea . 9 3.3 Singapore .12 3.4 Australia .14 3.5 China .16 4. Recommendations .18 4.1 Recommendations on ITS spectrum .18 4.2 Considerations with the policy .18 References .20 5 1. Overview Intelligent transport syste

15、ms (ITS) bring a new ecosystem with connected vehicles, roadside infrastructure, and mobile infrastructure which is beneficial for the environment, the society and the economy. The vehicle-connected-to-everything mode provides an effective use of the transport infrastructure, reduces the traffic loa

16、d and environmental pollution, and improves road safety and transport efficiency. The market of connected vehicles is booming. By 2025, there will be more than 526 million cellular-connected vehicles on the roads worldwide, more than 40% of the global stock of vehicles in-use. The data traffic trans

17、mitted by connected cars will reach nearly 3.1 exabytes per month globally and each infotainment-enabled vehicle will be downloading more than 2.5 GB of content per month 1. Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) is one of the technologies to deliver ITS and will enable communication between vehicles, between vehicle

18、s and infrastructure, as well as between vehicles and network. C-V2X is standardized by the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and includes two interfaces: The cellular Uu interface and the cellular PC5 interface. For the Uu interface based V2X, cellular network infrastructure is required.

19、An end-user transmits a V2X message to the mobile network and the mobile network transmits it to multiple end-users. For the PC5 interface based V2X, an end-user transmits a V2X message to multiple end-users directly. PC5 based V2X includes three scenarios: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-

20、infrastructure) and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). For V2V, either the transmitter UE (user equipment) or the receiver UE(s) are vehicles. For V2I, either the transmitter UE or the receiver UE(s) are road infrastructure, also known as road side units (RSUs). For V2P, either the transmitter UE or the r

21、eceiver UE(s) are pedestrian UE. With the booming development of ITS and the completion of LTE-V2X standardization in 3GPP Rel-14, an increasing number of regulators and governments pay attention to ITS spectrum planning globally. In Europe, the bands 5855-5875 MHz and 5875-5905 MHz are designated o

22、n a non-exclusive and license exempt basis for ITS and safety related ITS, respectively. A future extended ITS designation is reserved for 5905-5925 MHz. Additionally, 63-64 GHz is also planned for ITS in Europe. In the US, 5850-5925 MHz has been available on a non-exclusive basis since 1999, where

23、the RSUs are licensed, but the onboard units (OBUs) are license exempt. This white paper provides an update on the ITS spectrum utilization and policy in the Asia Pacific Region, with focus on Japan, Korea, Singapore, Australia and China. A summary of the ITS business development efforts in the regi

24、on is also given for short-range V2X communications. 6 2. Asia Pacific Region Summary 2.1 ITS Spectrum and Channel arrangement In Japan, the 755.5 764.5 MHz band is available for ITS on an exclusive and licence exempt basis. 5770-5850 MHz is allocated for the ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) and ETC

25、 2.0 system, which is an ARIB STD-T75 based system. In Korea, 5855 5925 MHz was assigned for C-ITS (Cooperative ITS) for V2V and V2I communications in in 2016. In Singapore, 5875 5925 MHz is available for ITS applications since 2017. In Australia, 5855-5925 MHz is available for ITS since 2017. In Ch

26、ina, 5905-5925 MHz is assigned for C-V2X trials in 2016. Almost all countries in the Asia Pacific Region assigned 5.9 GHz spectrum for ITS applications. In order to further enlarge the ITS ecosystem, it is recommended that 5.9 GHz spectrum is considered as ITS spectrum for the region or countries wh

27、ere ITS spectrum has not been assigned as of now. Table 1: Summary of ITS spectrum in Asia Pacific Region Country ITS spectrum (MHz) Japan 755.5-764.5 and 5770 5850 Korea 5855 5925 Singapore 5875 5925 Australia 5855 5925 China 5905 - 5925 (trials) 2.2 Spectrum and road authority policy This white pa

28、per also summarizes the ITS business development efforts in the Asia Pacific Region. In Japan, the Ministry of Internet Affairs and Communications (MIC) conducted a research by the “Study Group Focusing on Realization of Connected Car Society” from December 2016 to July 2017. In this research, three

29、 trial projects were identified: Connected Network Project, Connected Data Project and Connected Platform Project. In Korea, a C-ITS pilot deployment project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) was started in July 2014 and completed in December 2017. Under the project, safe

30、ty applications and security systems were developed using domestic technical standards among which the radio interface (PHY and MAC) standard was based on IEEE 802.11p. In Australia, many states (Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia) are running or have run trial work already with a focus on

31、 ITS G5 and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). Telstra has conducted trials validating the possibility of C-ITS communications over the cellular Uu interface. In China, cellular V2X trials were launched in 2016 based on the allocated experimental spectrum in six cities Beijing, Shanghai, Ch

32、ongqing, Changchun, Wuhan, and Hangzhou. Beijing is planning to 7 build a state-level intelligent driving technologies and mandatory standards test base. Shanghai will build a national intelligent and connected vehicular demonstration area. Wuxi (in Jiangsu Province) will build its C-V2X vehicle net

33、working demonstration area by 2020. An increasing number of the countries and regulations pay attention to C-V2X. In China, the trial deployment is based on LTE-V2X and future commercial deployment will also focus on C-V2X. In Korea and Australia, even though the trial work is based on the 802.11p /

34、 ITS G5 and DSRC, the ITS spectrum is assigned in a technology neutral manner. The amendment to the Korea ITS standards is ongoing in the Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) to support various radio technologies for ITS applications including C-V2X. In Australia, ACMA (Australian Communi

35、cations and Media Authority) has indicated its willingness to review the class license subject to international developments. 3. ITS spectrum per country 3.1 Japan 3.1.1 ITS business development ITS Connect commercial service started in 2015. It provides V2V and V2I safety features. The system compl

36、ies with ARIB STD-T109 2. Table 2 shows the list of applications being supported (or planned to be supported) by ITS Connect. Table 2: ITS Connect Applications Category Applications V2I Collision Avoidance Assistance during Right Turns Assistance in Avoiding the Overlooking of Pedestrian Crossings V

37、2V Collision Avoidance Assistance Assistance in Confirmation of Nearby Vehicles Information Support on Status of Nearby Vehicles Information Support on Status of Passengers C-ACC (Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control) Information Support Regarding Incoming Trams ETC service has been widely installed

38、in many vehicles in Japan. There were incentive programs for OBU installation and large toll fee discount to expedite the ETC adoption in the market. Currently, more than 60 million cars have installed ETC. ETC 2.0 service was recently started to enhance ETC service by providing various types of inf

39、ormation such as traffic information with broadband communication using Car Navigation devices and OBUs. It is also used to collect Car Probe data. ETC and ETC 2.0 comply with ARIB STD-T75 3. VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) also provides real-time road traffic information about c

40、ongestion and regulation. This information is displayed on the navigation screen. VICS uses 8 FM radio, ETC 2.0 system (5.8 GHz), and Infrared beacon. For more details on VICS, the interested reader is referred to the following link: http:/www.vics.or.jp/en/vics/index.html. 3.1.2 ITS Spectrum and Ch

41、annel arrangement Japan allocated two bands for ITS communication applications. As described in Figure 1, 755.5 764.5 MHz is used for ITS Connect and 5770 5850 MHz is used for ETC/ETC 2.0. Only one channel is available in ITS Connect band. It is used for V2V, V2I and I2I communications. ITSConnect75

42、5.5 764.5 MHzETC/ETC2.05850 MHz5770 Figure 1 Japan ITS Spectrum Allocation for Communication In the ETC/ETC 2.0 band, seven FDD channels are defined as specified in Figure 2. Figure 2 ETC Channel Assignment Channel combinations for D1/U1 and D2/U2 channels are used for ETC at the toll booths on the

43、toll highways, while all channels including D1/U1 and D2/U2 are used for ETC 2.0. Table 3 shows the ETC/ETC 2.0 regulatory technical conditions. Table 3: ETC/ETC 2.0 regulatory technical conditions Parameter Regulatory Technical Conditions Frequency band 5.8 GHz (5770 5850 MHz) Modulation ASK, QPSK

44、Modulation symbol bit rate 1.024 Mbps (ASK), 4.096 Mbps (QPSK) Occupied bandwidth 4.4 MHz/channel Centre frequency separation 5 MHz Maximum Transmit power RSU: 300 mW (coverage of 30 m or more), 10 mW (coverage less than 30 m) OBU: 10 mW 9 3.1.3 Spectrum Policy MIC held a series of meetings to discu

45、ss the Realization of Connected Car Society in 2017. The study group identified the following three projects Japan should work on: o Connected Network Project ? Edge Computing Model for Driving Assistance ? Cooperating with Infrastructure for Driving Assistance using LTE, etc. ? V2V Information Shar

46、ing Model o Connected Data Project ? Efficient Data Collection ? Cloud Utilization o Connected Platform Project ? System Architecture ? Cooperative Platform A testbed will be launched for technical/social evaluation of these projects as well as for security and privacy issues. MIC also updated the J

47、apan Frequency Action Plan in 2017. The priority of ITS enhancement in 5.8 GHz has been increased significantly. Specific technologies are not identified. However, the plan states that global trends towards new V2X technologies will be taken into account. 3.2 Korea 3.2.1 ITS business development In

48、Korea, the C-ITS master plan was established in year 2012, includes C-ITS infrastructure implementation, OBU distribution, etc. and targets zero traffic accidents in 30 years 4. Based on the master plan, the C-ITS pilot deployment project was initiated in July 2014 and completed in December 2017. Th

49、e C-ITS pilot deployment project was developed as a national task by MOLIT to verify C-ITS technologies and services and to prepare full-scale deployment of C-ITS. The target scenarios for the C-ITS pilot deployment project were the expressway, national and urban roads in Daejeon city and Sejong cit

50、y (total 87.8 Km). Under the project, safety applications and security systems were developed using domestic technical standards where the radio interface (PHY and MAC) standard was based on IEEE 802.11p. The 15 C-ITS applications listed in Table 4 were developed and tested in the C-ITS pilot deploy