1、 Statistical Review of World Energy2020 | 69th editionDiscover more onlineAll the tables and charts found in the printed edition are available at plus a number of extras, including: The energy charting tool view predetermined reports or chart specific data according to energy type, region, country a

2、nd year. Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional country and regional coverage for all consumption tables. Additional data for refined oil production demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewables. PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, map

3、s and graphs, plus an Excel workbook and database format of the data.Download the bp World Energy appExplore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone. Customize charts and perform the calculations. Review the data online and offline. Download the app for free from the Apple App Store and G

4、oogle play store.For 66 years, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy has provided high-quality objective and globally consistent data on world energy markets. The review is one of the most widely respected and authoritative publications in the field of energy economics, used for reference by the

5、 media, academia, world governments and energy companies. A new edition is published every June.Discover more onlineAll the tables and charts found in the latest printed edition are available at plus a number of extras, including: The energy charting tool view predetermined reports or chart specific

6、 data according to energy type, region, country and year. Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional data for refined oil production demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewables. PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps and graphs, plus a

7、n Excel workbook of the data. Regional and country factsheets. Videos and speeches.Energy OutlookWatch the BP Energy Outlook 2017 video, containing our projections of long-term energy trends to 2035. Download the booklet and presentation materials at the conversation#BPstatsDownload the BP World Ene

8、rgy appExplore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone. Customize charts and perform the calculations. Review the data online and offline. Download the app for free from the Apple App Store and Google play store.The Statistical Review of World Energy analyses data on world energy markets

9、from the prior year. The Review has been providing timely, comprehensive and objective data to the energy community since 1952.1bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020ContentsIntroduction 2 Chief executive officers introduction 3 2019 at a glance 4 The year in review Primaryenergy 8 Consumption 9

10、 Consumption by fuel 11 Consumption per capitaCO2 Carbon 13 Carbon dioxide emissions Oil 14 Reserves 16 Production 20 Consumption 26 Prices 28 Refining 30 Trade movements Naturalgas 32 Reserves 34 Production 36 Consumption 39 Prices 40 Trade movements Coal 44 Reserves 46 Production 47 Consumption 49

11、 Prices and trade movements Nuclearenergy 50 Consumption Hydroelectricity 51 Consumption Renewableenergy 53 Renewables consumption 55 Generation by source 56 Biofuels production 57 Biofuels consumption Electricity 59 Generation 61 Generation by fuel Keyminerals 62 Production 63 Reserves 63 Prices Ap

12、pendices 64 Approximate conversion factors 64 Methodology 65 Definitions 65 More informationMethodologyThis year we have made the following two methodological changes: first, energy units have been changed from million tonnes of oil equivalent to exajoules. Second, the method for estimating primary

13、energy consumption of non-fossil sources of electricity, has been revised. This is still based on an input-equivalence method, i.e. on the amount of fuel that would be required by a standard thermal power station to generate the reported electricity output. However the thermal efficiency assumed for

14、 that standard power plant is no longer fixed. The efficiency assumption rises each year to better reflect real world improvements in the average power station thermal efficiency. For more details see the appendix, or visit: Statistical Review of World Energy 2020Chief executive officers introductio

15、nThat compares with just 10% provided by renewable energy. Renewables will need to grow even more strongly over the next three decades to decarbonize the power sector.More worrying is the trend for carbon emissions. The slowing in the growth of carbon emissions to 0.5% in 2019 may suggest some groun

16、ds for optimism. But this deceleration needs to be seen in the context of the big increase in carbon emissions in 2018 of 2.1%. The hope was that as the one-off factors boosting carbon emissions in 2018 unwound, carbon emissions would fall significantly. That fall did not happen. The average annual

17、growth in carbon emissions over 2018 and 2019 was greater than its 10-year average. As the world emerges from the COVID-19 crisis it needs to make decisive changes to move to a more sustainable path.The disruption to our everyday lives caused by the lockdowns has provided a glimpse of a cleaner, low

18、er carbon world: air quality in many of the worlds most polluted cities has improved; skies have become clearer. The IEA (International Energy Agency) estimate that global CO2 emissions may fall by as much as 2.6 gigatonnes this year. That has come at considerable cost and as economies restart and o

19、ur lives return to normal there is a risk that these gains will be lost. But to get to net zero by 2050, the world requires similar-sized reductions in carbon emissions every other year for the next 25 years. This can be achieved only by a radical shift in all our behaviours. By using resources and

20、energy more efficiently. And by implementing the full range of zero and low carbon energies and technologies at our disposal including renewable energies, electrification, hydrogen, CCUS (carbon capture use and storage), bioenergy and many more. These technologies exist today the challenge is to use

21、 them at pace and scale.At bp, we are committed to playing our part. In February, we adopted a new purpose to reimagine energy for people and our planet. And we announced a new ambition, to be a net zero company by 2050 or sooner and to help the world get to net zero. The experience of COVID-19 has

22、only reinforced our commitment to this purpose and ambition, by highlighting both the fragility of our planet and the opportunities it provides to truly build back better. As bp along with the rest of the world navigate the energy transition, we will need timely, objective and comprehensive data on

23、the global energy system. That is the role that the Statistical Review has been playing for the past 69 years and will continue to play in the future. I hope this years Statistical Review is useful to everyone else seeking ways to get to net zero and build back better. And I would like to thank the

24、very many people who help our economics team in compiling it, including the governments and statistical agencies around the world who have contributed their official data again this year. The Statistical Review would not be possible without your generous co-operation and transparency. Thank you.Bern

25、ard LooneyChief executive officerJune 2020The COVID-19 pandemic may well turn out to be the most tragic and disruptive event that many of us will ever live through. As I write this in the middle of June over 400 thousand people globally have lost their lives to the infection. Millions more might hav

26、e done so without the widespread lockdown of economies across the world, which came at huge economic and social cost.This combined health and economic shock is bound to reshape the global economic, political and social environment in which we all live and work. It has the potential to accelerate eme

27、rging trends and create opportunities to shift the world onto a more sustainable path. But it also risks slowing progress if the short-term, domestic issues raised by COVID-19 are prioritized over long-term, global challenges, such as climate change. It feels like the world is at a pivotal moment: i

28、t needs to address these short-term concerns but in a way that builds back better.The technologies required to reach net zero exist today the challenge is to use them at pace and scale, and I remain optimistic that we can make this happen.”In that context, this years edition of bps Statistical Revie

29、w of World Energy provides a timely reminder of global energy trends prior to the crisis. Some aspects are encouraging particularly the continuing strong growth of renewable energy. Led by wind and solar power, renewable energy increased by a record amount, accounting for over 40% of the growth in p

30、rimary energy in 2019. At the same time, coal consumption fell for the fourth time in the past six years, with its share in the global energy mix falling to its lowest level for 16 years.But other aspects of the energy system continued to give cause for concern. Despite last years decline, coal was

31、still the single largest source of power generation, accounting for over 36% of global power. “3bp Statistical Review of World Energy 20202019 at a glanceEnergydevelopments Primary energy consumption growth slowed to 1.3% last year, less than half the rate of growth in 2018 (2.8%). The increase in e

32、nergy consumption was driven by renewables and natural gas, which together contributed three quarters of the expansion. All fuels grew at a slower rate than their 10-year averages, apart from nuclear. By country, China was by far the biggest driver of energy, accounting for more than three quarters

33、of net global growth. India and Indonesia were the next largest contributors to growth, while the US and Germany posted the largest declines.Carbonemissions Carbon emissions from energy use grew by 0.5%, less than half 10-year average growth of 1.1% per year, partially reversing some of the unusuall

34、y strong increase in 2018 (2.1%).Oil Oil consumption grew by a below average 0.9 million barrels per day (b/d), or 0.9%. Demand for all liquid fuels (including biofuels) rose by 1.1 million b/d and topped 100 million b/d for the first time. Oil consumption growth was led by China (680,000 b/d) and o

35、ther emerging economies, while demand fell in the OECD (-290,000 b/d). Global oil production fell by 60,000 b/d as strong growth in US output (1.7 million b/d) was more than offset by a decline in OPEC production (-2 million b/d), with sharp declines in Iran (-1.3 million b/d) Venezuela (-560,000 b/

36、d) and Saudi Arabia (-430,000 b/d). Refinery utilization fell sharply by 1.2 percentage points as capacity rose by 1.5 million b/d and throughput remained relatively unchanged.Naturalgas Natural gas consumption increased by 78 billion cubic metres (bcm), or 2%, well below the exceptional growth seen

37、 in 2018 (5.3%). Nevertheless, the share of gas in primary energy rose to a record high of 24.2%. Increases in gas demand were driven by the US (27 bcm) and China (24 bcm), while Russia and Japan saw the largest declines (10 and 8 bcm respectively). Gas production grew by 132 bcm (3.4%), with the US

38、 accounting for almost two-thirds of this increase (85 bcm). Australia (23 bcm) and China (16 bcm) were also key contributors to growth. Inter-regional gas trade expanded at a rate of 4.9%, more than double its 10-year average, driven by a record increase in liquefied natural gas (LNG) of 54 bcm (12

39、.7%). LNG supply growth was led by the US (19 bcm) and Russia (14 bcm), with most incremental supplies heading to Europe: European LNG imports (+49 bcm) rose by more than two-thirds.Coal Coal consumption declined by 0.6% and its share in primary energy fell to its lowest level in 16 years (27%). Inc

40、reases in coal consumption were driven by the emerging economies, particularly China (1.8 EJ) and Indonesia (0.6 EJ). However, this was outweighed by a sharp fall in OECD demand which fell to its lowest level in our data series (which starts in 1965). Global coal production rose by 1.5%, with China

41、and Indonesia providing the only significant increases (3.2 EJ and 1.3 EJ respectively). The largest declines came from the US (-1.1 EJ) and Germany (-0.3 EJ).Renewables,hydroandnuclear Renewable energy (including biofuels) posted a record increase in consumption in energy terms (3.2 EJ). This was a

42、lso the largest increment for any source of energy in 2019. Wind provided the largest contribution to renewables growth (1.4 EJ) followed closely by solar (1.2 EJ). By country, China was the largest contributor to renewables growth (0.8 EJ), followed by the US (0.3 EJ) and Japan (0.2 EJ). Hydroelect

43、ric consumption rose by a below average 0.8%, with growth led by China (0.6 EJ), Turkey (0.3 EJ) and India (0.2 EJ). Nuclear consumption rose by 3.2% (0.8 EJ), its fastest growth since 2004. China (0.5 EJ) and Japan (0.1 EJ) provided the largest increments.Electricity Electricity generation grew by

44、only 1.3% around half its 10-year average. China accounted for more than 90% of net global growth. Renewables provided the largest increment to power generation, followed by natural gas while coal generation fell. The share of renewables in power generation increased from 9.3% to 10.4%, surpassing n

45、uclear for the first time. Coals share of generation fell 1.5 percentage points to 36.4% the lowest in our data set (which starts in 1985).Keyminerals Prices for cobalt and lithium carbonate fell sharply, by 54% and 31% respectively. Cobalt production was down 21.2%, largely due to a decline in the

46、Democratic Republic of Congo. Lithium production fell 19.2%, driven mainly by lower Australian output.Growth in carbon emissions in 2019 slowed from the sharp increase seen in the previous year, as primary energy consumption decelerated and renewables and natural gas displaced coal from the energy m

47、ix.+1.3%Growth of global primary energy consumption, less than half the growth rate in 2018.4bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020PrimaryenergyandcarbonemissionsPrimary energy consumption rose by 1.3% last year, below its 10-year average rate of 1.6% per year, and much weaker than the 2.8% grow

48、th seen in 2018. By region, consumption fell in North America, Europe and CIS and growth was below average in South & Central America. Demand growth in Africa, Middle East and Asia was roughly in line with historical averages.China was by far the biggest individual driver of primary energy growth, a

49、ccounting for more than three quarters of net global growth. India and Indonesia were the next largest contributors, while the US and Germany posted the largest declines in energy terms.Looking at energy by fuel, 2019 growth was driven by renewables, followed by natural gas, which together contribut

50、ed over three quarters of the net increase. The share of both renewables and natural gas in primary energy increased to record highs. Meanwhile, coal consumption declined, with its share in the energy mix falling to its lowest level since 2003. The combination of slower growth in energy demand and a