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1、2022 年度中国营商环境研究报告中国贸促会贸易投资促进部中国贸促会研究院编辑委员会会世贝委进促回刃臼川A位际单国办国主中编篡部门中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部中国国际贸易促进委员会研究院总编辑李庆霜中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部部长史冬立中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部二级巡视员刘英奎中国国际贸易促进委员会研究院副院长执行编辑谢睿哲 中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部投资促进处处长马磊 中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部投资促进处副处长袁芳 中国国际贸易促进委员会贸易投资促进部投资促进处副处长项目统筹刘英奎谢睿哲马磊袁芳王建军刘彦辰张红阳撰稿刘英奎敦志刚李暖秦邦旋蔡孟玉校

2、对李竣秦邦援黄玲妹1前言一、研究背景和意义优化营商环境是中国政府根据新形势新发展新要求作出的重大决策部署。习近平总书记在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告中强调，要完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，优化营商环境。2022 年政府工作报告继续提出，要围绕打造市场化法治化国际化营商环境，持续推进“放管服”改革。近年来，尽管面对疫情冲击、经济下行压力增大等不利因素，中国优化营商环境工作仍取得了一定成效。国家税务总局数据显示，2022 年前 5个月，全国新办涉税市场主体 554.7 万户，同比增长 6.2%。国家统计局最新数据显示，2022 年前三季度国内生产总值约 87

3、万亿元，按不变价格计算，同比增长 3.0%，比上半年加快 0.5 个百分点；分产业看，第一、二、三产业分别同比增长 4.2%、3.9%、2.3%。目前，全球疫情仍在持续，世界经济复苏动力不足，大宗商品价格高位波动，外部环境更趋复杂严峻和不确定。中国经济发展则面临需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力，消费和投资恢复迟缓，稳出口难度增大，中小微企业、个体工商户生产经营困难等问题。因此，进一步优化营商环境、激发市场活力，仍是当前需要持续关注的重大问题，营造一流营商环境任务艰巨、意义重大。为充分发挥贸促系统资源优势，协助有关部门优化营商环境，中国贸促会贸易投资促进部（以下简称“促进部”）、贸促会研究院

4、（以下简称“研究院”）自 2016 年起连续六年开展中国投资（营商）环境调查、发布年度报告。在此基础上，2022 年课题组继续开展营商环境调研及报告编制工作，旨在密切跟踪、分析中国营商环境变化，全面客观反映营商环境建设成就及存在的问题，并研提意见建议，进一步激发企业创造力和市场活力，促进经济社会稳定健康发展。2二、研究方法本课题研究综合运用问卷调查、实地调研、企业座谈、对比分析及文献分析等方法。（一）问卷调查（一）问卷调查2022 年 5-9 月，中国贸促会促进部与研究院联合地方贸促会、行业分会及中国贸促会自贸试验区服务中心，组织开展 2022 年度中国营商环境企业问卷（详见附件）调查工作，共

5、回收问卷 7657 份，其中线上收集 5372 份，线下收集 2285 份，江西、湖北、广西、甘肃、山西、福建、湖南收集问卷均超过 300 份。通过企业问卷调查，课题组获取了不同地区、行业及所有制企业的相关数据，为开展全国性营商环境分析与评价提供了客观数据支撑。（二）实地调研（二）实地调研2022 年 4-9 月，课题组分赴云南、江西、江苏等地调研，实地走访了江西南昌高新技术产业园、江苏自贸区南京片区等超 20 个园区，与 700 余家企业开展座谈，得到了各地政府、协会、园区管委会和企业的大力支持。课题组与园区管委会成员以及企业代表面对面深入交流，从不同角度了解到各地营商环境现状、成就及问题，

6、与企业调查问卷信息相互印证、相互补充，为全面、客观评价中国营商环境提供了支持。（三）线上座谈（三）线上座谈2022 年 4-9 月，为在做好疫情防控的同时稳步推进中国营商环境调研工作，课题组联合广西、湖北贸促会举行线上营商环境调研，与超 200 家企业进行座谈，掌握了丰富的一手资料。（四）对比分析（四）对比分析课题组选取 2022 年中国营商环境相关数据与 2021 年进行横向、纵向比较研究，从而获得不同地区、不同行业（传统制造业、高技术产业、资源行业、建筑业、服务业等）及不同性质企业（国有及国有3控股企业、私营企业、中外合资合作企业、外商独资企业等）间的动态变化状况，深入了解不同地区、行业和

7、企业间营商环境差异、特点与趋势，推广各地优化营商环境经验模式，促进各地互学互鉴、共同提高。（五）文献分析（五）文献分析课题组对国内外文献资料进行搜集梳理，查阅世界银行、联合国贸发大会等国际组织、国家发展改革委、商务部、国家市场监管总局及国家统计局等部委在优化营商环境方面的资料。此外，江西、广西、湖北、甘肃、天津等地贸促会及地方贸促支会也提供了营商环境相关资料，进一步丰富了报告内容。三、评价指标在参照 2021 年中国贸促会营商环境评价指标体系、借鉴吸收世界银行营商环境评价指标的基础上，课题组结合本年度实际情况，完善了 2022 年度中国营商环境评价指标体系及相应企业调查问卷。经过反复论证分析，

8、2022 年度中国营商环境评价指标体系由 12个一级指标和 48 个二级指标组成。各一级指标由二级指标加权平均得出（表 0-1），综合评价由企业一级指标取算数平均得出。12 个一级指标包括基础设施环境、生活服务环境、政策政务环境、社会信用环境、公平竞争环境、社会法治环境、科技创新环境、人力资源环境、金融服务环境、财税服务环境、海关服务环境以及企业设立和退出环境。表表 0-10-12022022 2 年度中国营商环境普遍调查评价指标及其权重设置年度中国营商环境普遍调查评价指标及其权重设置一级指标（一级指标（1212 个）个）二级指标（二级指标（4848 个）和企业自主填写指标（个）和企业自主填写

9、指标（1111 个）个）基础设施环境交通运输（1/5）网络通信（1/5）环保设施（1/5）水电气供应（1/5）城市规划和建设（1/5）生活服务环境居住条件（1/6）医疗卫生（1/6）文体设施（1/6）教育水平（1/6）环境保护（1/6）社会治安（1/6）政策政务环境政策公平性（1/5）政府服务效率（1/5）政策执行力度（1/5）官员廉洁程度（1/5）可预见性（1/5）4社会信用环境失信惩戒、守信奖励机制建设（1/3）政府信用度（1/3）征信体系建设（1/3）公平竞争环境市场监管（1/5）行政垄断治理（2/5）政府采购（1/5）市场准入（1/5）社会法治环境人大立法与法律监督（1/6）政府依法行

10、政（1/6）法院按期审结案件（1/6）仲裁院按期审结案件（1/6）法院判决与仲裁裁决执行（1/6）知识产权保护（1/6）科技创新环境研发抵扣政策实施（1/5）知识产权抵押（1/5）产学研结合（1/5）创业孵化服务（1/5）公共服务平台建设（1/5）企业自主填写指标（企业自主填写指标（2 2 个）：个）：企业科技研发投入、知识产权办理周期人力资源环境熟练劳动力的可获得性（1/4）中高层管理人员的可获得性（1/4）社会专业化人才的可获得性（1/4）创新创业人才的可得性（1/4）企业自主填写指标企业自主填写指标（2 2 个个）：人工成本占总成本比重；人工成本年均上涨幅度金融服务环境融资便利性（1/2

11、）融资渠道多元化（1/2）企业自主填写指标企业自主填写指标（2 2 个个）：融资成本占总成本比重；融资成本年均上涨幅度财税服务环境财税执法规范性（1/2）申退税办理时间（1/2）企业自主填写指标企业自主填写指标（5 5 个个）：税费缴纳次数、税费缴纳耗时、总费率、总税率、出口退税到账时间海关服务环境货物通关（1/3）检验检疫（1/3）人员出入境（1/3）企业设立和退出环境土地获取（1/3）环保手续（1/3）破产手续办理（1/3）5四、受访企业构成（一）七成以上受访企业为私营企业（一）七成以上受访企业为私营企业本次调研中，76.3%的受访企业是私营企业；国有及国有控股企业（以下简称国有企业）及其

12、他所有制企业占比均约为 7.2%；外商独资企业占 5.4%；中外合资合作企业占 4.0%。（二（二）传统制造业企业占三分之一传统制造业企业占三分之一33.2%的受访企业来自传统制造业；21.2%来自服务行业；11.3%来自高新技术产业；3.3%来自建筑业；2.6%来自资源行业；29.6%来自其他行业。（三）小微企业占比近七成（三）小微企业占比近七成68.4%的受访企业规模在 100 人及以下，属小微企业；22.4%规模在 100500人；6.8%规模在 5002000 人；2.5%规模在 2000 人及以上，属超大型企业。（四）近七成受访企业持续经营超（四）近七成受访企业持续经营超五年五年5.

13、6%的受访企业为开办不足一年的新企业；14.1%连续经营 13 年；12%连续经营 35 年；68.3%经营时间在 5年以上。6五、主要结论（一）（一）2022 年企业对中国营商环境整体评价良好年企业对中国营商环境整体评价良好当前，世界形势更趋复杂严峻和不确定，中国发展面临的风险挑战明显增多。2022 年，党中央和国务院统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，统筹发展和安全，继续做好“六稳”“六保”工作，持续改善民生，着力稳定宏观经济大盘，保持经济运行在合理区间。2022 年中国营商环境评价为 4.38 分，与 2021 年持平。在 12 个一级指标中，6 个指标评价较 2021 年有所提高，1 个持平，

14、5 个下降。其中，社会信用环境评价最高，其次是财税服务环境、社会法治环境、海关服务环境和公平竞争环境；金融服务环境、人力资源环境评价相对较低。中部地区、中外合资合作企业及资源行业评价较高。双循环新格局和”一带一路“高质量发展为西部地区带来了巨大发展机遇，在政府、有关服务机构以及广大企业的共同努力下，2022 年中国西部地区营商环境评价提升显著。2022 年，新冠疫情影响持续扩大，近九成企业受到疫情不同程度消极影响，收入同比增长的企业较 2021 年降低 13.2 个百分点。47%的企业反映供应链受影响，半数已采取或可能采取缩减开支、调整经营策略的措施应对疫情冲击。尽管生产经营面临诸多困难，但仅

15、有7%的企业对未来发展持“悲观”态度。为尽可能减少疫情影响，超六成企业希政府能提供疫情补贴和加大税收减免力度，帮助企业度过难关。与此同时，2022 年有超七成企业实现收入增长。“利用本地资源”和“开拓市场”是企业本年度开展投资的主因。“成本提高”和“市场竞争激烈”是企业生产经营中遇到的主要问题。企业盼政府进一步优化政策政务环境，引进上下游配套和商贸物流企业，助力企业恢复生产经营秩序。（二）中国营商环境持续优化（二）中国营商环境持续优化7一是营商环境创新改革“从点到面”。一是营商环境创新改革“从点到面”。2022 年 10 月，党中央国务院决定在全国范围内复制推广一批营商环境创新试点改革举措，“

16、从点到面”扩大改革效果，推动全国营商环境整体改善。二是法治化营商环境日趋完善。二是法治化营商环境日趋完善。2022 年，各立法、司法、执法机关多措并举，从完善法律体系、提高知识产权保护水平，维护市场公平与健康发展等方面推进法治化营商环境建设。三是全国统一大市场逐渐形成。三是全国统一大市场逐渐形成。2022 年 4 月，党中央国务院提出加快建设全国统一大市场。各地各部门出台了相关规范措施，跨区跨部门的制度性交易成本逐渐降低，市场壁垒逐步打破。四是外资企业在华投资信心不断增强。四是外资企业在华投资信心不断增强。稳外资是扩大对外开放的重要抓手，党中央国务院先后出台多项文件政策帮助外资企业纾难解困。此

17、外，贸促会设立服务外资企业工作专班，进一步坚定外企扎根中国信心底气。五是全方位助力科技创新。五是全方位助力科技创新。习近平总书记指出，科技是第一生产力，创新是第一动力。2022 年，中国加强顶层制度创新引领，健全科技成果转化机，提高财税扶持力度，不断激活企业创新活力。9第一章中国营商环境总体评价调查问卷显示，受访企业对2022年中国营商环境整体评分为4.38分，与 2021 年持平。四成以上受访企业对中国营商环境“非常满意”，超六成认为近三年营商环境有所改善。一、营商环境评价总体良好（一（一）四四成以上受访企业对营商环成以上受访企业对营商环境境“非常非常满意满意”受访企业对中国营商环境总体满意

18、度较高，评价“非常满意”的占42.89%；“比较满意”的占 53.57%；“一般”的占 3.49%；仅 0.05%认为中国营商环境“较差”。（二（二）六六成受访成受访企业认为企业认为近三年近三年营商环境有所改善营商环境有所改善认为近三年中国营商环境“有很大改善”的受访企业占 30.81%；认为“有一些改善”的占 33.19%；9.59%认为“没有改善”；26.4%认为“恶化”（包括“严重恶化”和“有所恶化”），该比例高于 2021 年（6.2%）。（三）（三）受访企业对中国营商环境整体评价受访企业对中国营商环境整体评价“良好良好”，社会信用指社会信用指标标评价评价最最高高受访企业对 2022

19、年中国营商环境评价为 4.38 分，与 2021 年持平，达到良好水平。其中，社会信用指标评价最高，为 4.53 分；财注：本报告第一章、第二章、第三章中涉及的数据，主要来源于 2022 年度中国贸促会组织的营商环境企业问卷调查。10税服务（4.52 分）和社会法治（4.50 分）指标评价达到优秀水平。人力资源指标评价最低，为 4.06 分，其次是金融服务指标，为 4.11 分。受访企业对 2022 年中国营商环境整体评价与 2021 年持平。12个一级指标中，6 个指标评价有所提高，其中企业设立和退出指标评价提高幅度最大，为 0.07 分；其次是基础设施（提高 0.05 分）和社会信用（提高

20、 0.02 分）指标；科技创新、人力资源指标评价均提高0.02 分；财税服务指标评价与 2021 年持平。二、中部地区评价最高，西部地区评价提升多分地区来看，中部地区受访企业营商环境评价最高（4.47 分）；西部地区评价居中（4.32 分）；东部地区评价最低（4.31 分）。与 2021 年相比，2022 年西部地区营商环境评价提高 0.14 分；东部、中部地区受到新冠疫情等客观因素影响较大，营商环境评价负增长，分别下降 0.25 分、0.02分。三、中外合资合作企业评价最高，私营企业评价最低分所有制看，中外合资合作企业对中国营商环境评价最高，为114.51 分；私营企业评价最低，为 4.32

21、 分。外商独资企业、其他所有制企业和国有企业评价居中，分别为 4.47分、4.41 分和 4.36 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年其他所有制企业评价提高 0.21 分；其次是外商独资企业（提高 0.01 分）；国有企业、私营企业和中外合资合作企业评价有所下降，分别降低 0.09 分、0.04 分和 0.01 分。四、资源行业评价最高，高新技术产业评价最低分行业看，资源行业对中国营商环境评价最高，为4.53 分；其次是建筑行业，为 4.46 分；高新技术行业和其他行业评价最低，均为4.32 分；传统制造业和服务行业评价居中，均为 4.36分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑行业对中

22、国营商环境评价提高最多（提高 0.23 分）；其次是资源行业和服务行业，分别提高 0.14 分和0.11 分；其他行业对中国营商环境评价下降较多（降低 0.09 分）；传统制造业和高新技术产业对营商环境评价分别降低 0.07 分和 0.05分。12第二章营商环境细分指标评价中国营商环境指标评价体系主要包括基础设施、政策政务、社会信用、海关服务环境等 12 个一级指标和 48 个二级指标。企业问卷调查显示，2022 年受访企业对中国营商环境总体评价良好，6 个一级指标评价较 2021 年有所提升。一、基础设施：环保设施评价高，中部地区评价提升基础设施环境指标细分为交通运输、网络通信、水电气供应、

23、环保设施及城市规划和建设 5 个二级指标。2022 年受访企业对基础设施环境评价为 4.40 分，较 2021 年提高 0.05 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 8。（一）（一）环保设施环保设施评价高，交通运输指标评价低评价高，交通运输指标评价低从二级指标看，环保设施指标评价最高（4.45 分），其次是水电气供应（4.42 分）；交通运输指标评价最低，为4.35 分；网络通信、城市规划和建设评价居中，分别为4.41 分和 4.38 分。与 2021 年相比，交通运输指标评价提升最多（0.12 分），其次是城市规划、建设与环保设施指标，评价均提高 0.05 分；网络通信指标评价增长 0.03

24、分；水电气供应评价下降 0.01 分，是基础设施环境指标中唯一出现负增长的二级指标。13（二）中部地区评价高（二）中部地区评价高，东，东部地区评价负增长部地区评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对基础设施指标评价最高，为 4.52 分，较 2021 年提高 0.08 分；西部地区为 4.46 分，较 2021 年提高 0.31分；东部地区评价为 4.43 分，较2021 年下降 0.1 分。（三）（三）中外合资合作中外合资合作企业评价较高，企业评价较高，私营私营企业评价较低企业评价较低不同所有制企业对基础设施环境评价有一定差异。其中，中外合资合作企业（4.51 分）评价最高；国有企业、外商独资企业、其

25、他企业评价居中，均为 4.50 分；私营企业评价最低（4.46 分）。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业评价提升最多（提高 0.36 分），其次是私营企业和国有企业，均提高 0.12 分。外商独资企业和中外合资合作企业评价有所提升，分别提高 0.02 分和 0.04 分。（四（四）资源行业资源行业评价评价较高较高，高新技术产业高新技术产业评价评价较低较低分行业看，资源行业对基础设施环境评价最高，为 4.63 分；其次是建筑行业，评价为 4.57 分；14高新技术产业评价最低，为 4.41 分；服务行业、传统制造业和其他行业评价居中，分别为 4.54 分、4.46 分和 4.44 分。与 20

26、21 年相比，2022 年建筑行业和资源行业评价提升明显，分别提高 0.37 分和 0.30 分；其次是服务行业（提高 0.27 分）；高新技术产业、其他行业和传统制造业评价略有提升，分别提高 0.09 分、0.08 分、0.06 分。二、生活服务：环境保护获好评，文体设施评价较低生活服务环境指标细分为居住条件、医疗卫生、文体设施、教育水平、环境保护和社会治安 6 个二级指标。2022 年受访企业对生活服务环境总体评价为 4.30 分，较 2021 年提高 0.05 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 10。（一）（一）环境保护环境保护指标评价指标评价最高最高，文体设施指标评价较低，文体设施指标

27、评价较低从二级指标来看，环境保护评分最高，为 4.40 分；文体设施指标评分最低，为4.23 分；居住条件、教育水平、社会治安、医疗卫生评价分别为4.32 分、4.30 分、4.27分、4.25 分。与 2021 年相比，教育水平评价提升最多（提高 0.09 分）；环境保护评价提升 0.04 分；文体设施评价持平；社会治安、居住条件和医疗卫生评价均出现负增长，分别降低 0.26 分、0.04 分和 0.03 分。15（二）中部地区评价高，（二）中部地区评价高，东东部地区评价部地区评价较较低低分地区看，中部地区对生活服务环境评价较高（4.35分），但较 2021 年下降 0.08分；西部地区评价

28、为 4.31 分，较 2021 年提高 0.17 分；东部地区评价负增长，较 2021 年下降 0.26 分，仅 4.21 分。（三）（三）其他制其他制企业评价较高，企业评价较高，国有及国有控股国有及国有控股制企业评价较低制企业评价较低从所有制角度看，其他所有制企业对生活服务环境评价最高（4.44分）；外商独资企业评价较高（4.33 分）、中外合资合作企业（4.30 分）和私营企业（4.29 分）评价居中；国有企业评价最低（4.28 分）。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业对生活服务环境评价提升最多（提高 0.27 分）。中外合资合作企业、外商独资企业、国有企业和私营企业评价均负增长，分别降

29、低 0.14 分、0.10 分、0.08 分和 0.03分。（四）（四）建筑建筑业评价较高，业评价较高，高新技术行业高新技术行业评价较低评价较低分行业看，建筑业对生活服务环境评价价最高，为 4.47 分；其次是资源行业，评价为 4.41 分；高新技术产业评价最低，为 4.24 分；服务行业、传统制造业和其他行业评价居中，分别为 4.37 分、4.28分和 4.25 分。16与 2021 年相比，建筑行业和服务行业评价提升较多，分别为 0.33 分和 0.12分；资源行业评价略有上升（提高 0.08分）；传统制造业、其他行业和高新技术行业评价有所下降，分别降低 0.09 分、0.09 分和 0.

30、05 分。三、政策政务：官员廉洁程度评价最高，西部评价提升多政策政务环境指标可细分为政策执行力度、政策公平性、政府服务效率及官员廉洁程度 4 个二级指标。2022 年受访企业对政策政务环境评价为 4.37 分，较 2021 年降低 0.08 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 9。（一（一）官员廉洁程度指标评价最高官员廉洁程度指标评价最高，政策执行力度指标评价较低政策执行力度指标评价较低从二级指标看，官员廉洁程度得分最高，为4.40 分，达到优秀水平；其次是政府服务效率指标，（4.38 分）；政策执行力度和政策公平性评价也较好，分别为 4.36 分、4.37分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年

31、四个二级指标评价均有下降，政策公平性指标下降最少（降低 0.07 分）；其次是政府服务效率指标，降低0.08 分；官员廉洁程度和政策执行力度分别降低 0.12 分和 0.09 分。（二）中部地区评价最高，东部地区评价负增长（二）中部地区评价最高，东部地区评价负增长17分地区看，中部地区对政策政务环境评价最高，为4.43分，较上年降低0.12分；西部地区评价为 4.38 分，较上年提高最多（提高 0.13分）；东部地区评价仅 4.28分，较上年下降 0.33 分。（三（三）外商独资外商独资、其他所有制企业评价较高其他所有制企业评价较高，国有企业评价较低国有企业评价较低从所有制角度看，外商独资企业

32、和其他所有制企业评价最高，均为4.40 分。私营企业（4.37分）和中外合资合作企业（4.34 分）评价较高，国有企业评分最低仅 4.30分。与 2021 年相比，其它所有制企业评价提高 0.19 分，私营企业评价降低 0.07 分，外商独资企业、国有企业评价分别降低 0.12 分、0.20分，中外合资合作企业评价下降较多，较 2021 年降低 0.26 分。（四）资源行业评价较（四）资源行业评价较高，多行业评价负增长高，多行业评价负增长分行业看，资源行业对政策政务环境评价分值最高，为 4.51 分；其次是建筑业，为 4.48 分；高新技术产业评价最低，为 4.33 分；服务行业、其他行业和传

33、统制造业18三个行业评价居中，分别为 4.40 分、4.36 分和 4.34 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑业对政策政务环境评价提升较多，提高 0.28 分；资源行业、服务行业评价略有提升，均比上年提高 0.08分；传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他行业评价负增长，分别降低0.17 分、0.14 分和 0.09 分。四、社会信用：指标评价第一，社会信用度指标评价高社会信用环境细分为社会信用度、征信体系建设及失信惩戒、守信奖励机制 3 个二级指标。2022 年受访企业对社会信用环境评价总体较好（4.53 分），在 12 个一级指标中排名第 1 位。（一（一）社会信用度指标评分高社会信用度

34、指标评分高，失信惩戒失信惩戒、守信奖励机制建设指守信奖励机制建设指标需加强标需加强从二级指标看，社会信用度指标（4.53 分）得分最高，其次是征信体系建设（4.52 分）指标，二者均达到优秀水平；失信惩戒、守信奖励机制建设评价为 4.47分，相对较低。与 2021 年相比，2022 年征信体系建设指标评价提升最多（提高0.14 分）；其次是失信惩戒、守信奖励机制建设指标（提高 0.11 分）；社会信用度评价提高 0.07 分。（二）西部地区提升多，东（二）西部地区提升多，东部地区评价负增长部地区评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对社会信用环境评价最高，为 4.59 分，较上年提高 0.01 分；西部

35、地区较19上年提高最多，评价为 4.52 分，提高 0.20 分；东部地区评价负增长，较上年下降 0.17 分，仅 4.50 分。（三）（三）中外合资合作中外合资合作企业评价最高，私营企业评价居中企业评价最高，私营企业评价居中从所有制角度看，中外合资合作企业（4.60 分）评价最高；其次是其他所有制企业（4.58 分）和外商独资企业（4.57 分）；私营企业评分最低（4.52分），国有企业评价居中（4.55 分）。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业评价提升最多（提高 0.27 分），私营企业、国有企业和外商独资企业评价亦有所提高，分别提升 0.02分、0.01 分和 0.01 分。中外合资合

36、作企业评价负增长，降低 0.05 分。（四）建筑业评价明显提高，三行业评价负增长（四）建筑业评价明显提高，三行业评价负增长分行业看，建筑业对社会信用环境评价最高，为 4.65 分；其次是资源行业和服务行业，评价分别为4.62 分和 4.57 分；高新技术产业评价最低，为 4.49 分；传统制造业和其他行业评分居中，分别为 4.53 分和 4.51 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑业和服务行业评价提升明显，分别提高 0.39 分和 0.22 分；资源行业评价略有提升，比上年提高 0.15 分；20传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他行业评价出现下降，分别降低 0.02分、0.03 分和 0.

37、04 分。五、公平竞争：市场监管评价高，二级指标评价均提升公平竞争环境细分为市场监管、行政垄断、政府采购及市场准入4 个二级指标。受访企业对公平竞争环境总体评价良好，总体得分为4.46 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 5 位。（一（一）市场监管指标评价较高市场监管指标评价较高，政府采购政府采购、行政垄断指标评价较行政垄断指标评价较低低从二级指标看，市场监管得分最高，为 4.50 分；市场准入得分居中，为 4.48 分；政府采购和行政垄断得分较低，分别为 4.45 分、4.44 分。与 2021 年相比，政府采购和市场准入指标评价提升最多（0.03 分）；其次是市场监管，提高 0.02 分；行

38、政垄断评价提高 0.01 分。（二）中部地区评价高，（二）中部地区评价高，西部地区评价提升多西部地区评价提升多中部地区对公平竞争环境评价最高，为 4.53 分，较上年降低 0.01 分；西部地区评价较上年提高最多（提高 0.19 分），评价为 4.43 分；东部地区评价负增长，较上年下降 0.20 分，仅 4.42 分。（三（三）其他所有制企业评价提升多其他所有制企业评价提升多，国有国有、中外合资合作中外合资合作企业评企业评21价负增长价负增长从所有制角度看，中外合资合作企业，外商独资企业（4.54 分）评价较高；其次是其他所有制企业（4.50分）；国有企业和私营企业评价较低，分别为 4.46

39、 分和 4.44 分。与 2021 年相比，2022年不同所有制企业对公平竞争环境均有提高。其中，其他所有制企业评价上升最多（提高 0.33 分）；其次是中外合资合作企业，评价提高 0.13 分；国有企业、外商独资和私营企业评价分别提高 0.06 分、0.02 分和 0.01 分。（四（四）建筑行业评价提升多建筑行业评价提升多，传统制造业传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他高新技术产业和其他行业评价负增长行业评价负增长分行业看，资源行业对公平竞争环境评价分值最高，为 4.60 分；其次是建筑业和服务行业，分别为 4.56 分和4.48 分；高新技术产业评分最低，为 4.42 分；传统制造业和其他行业

40、评分居中，分别为 4.45 分和 4.43 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑业、服务行业和资源行业评价提升明显，分别提高 0.16 分、0.20 分和 0.34 分；传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他行业评价出现下降，分别降低 0.05 分、0.04 分和 0.03分。22六、社会法治：法律监督和依法行政评价高，外资企业评价高社会法治环境可细分为法律监督、政府依法行政、法院与仲裁按期审结案件、法院判决与仲裁裁决执行和知识产权保护 5 个二级指标。2022 年，社会法治环境整体评价较好，总得分为 4.50 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 3 位。（一）法律监督得分最高，（一）法律监督得分

41、最高，二级指标多二级指标多呈负增长呈负增长从二级指标看，法律监督得分最高，为 4.52 分；政府依法行政和知识产权保护得分居中，分别为 4.52 分和4.50 分；法院、仲裁按期审结案件和法院判决与仲裁裁决执行得分较低，分别为4.48 分、4.47 分。与 2021 年相比，法院判决与仲裁指标评价下降最多（降低 0.02分）；其次是政府依法行政和法院、仲裁按期审结案件，均降低 0.01分。法律监督和知识产权保护评价与 2021 年持平。（二）中部地区评价得分高（二）中部地区评价得分高，东部地区评价负增长，东部地区评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对社会法治环境评价最高，为4.54 分；西部地区评价居

42、中，为 4.49 分；东部地区较低，仅 4.47 分。与 2021 年相比，西部地区评价提高 0.16 分，中部地区评价降低 0.04 分，东部地区评价降低 0.21 分。23（三）外商独资企业评价较高，私营企业评价较低（三）外商独资企业评价较高，私营企业评价较低从所有制角度看，外商独资企业（4.56分）评价最高，中外合资合作企业（4.54 分）、其他所有制企业（4.54分）评价居中，私营企业（4.49 分）、国有企业企业（4.50 分）评价较低。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业评价提升最多（提高 0.29 分）。中外合资合作企业、国有企业、私营企业和外商独资企业评价均负增长，分别降低 0

43、.13 分、0.06 分、0.02 分和 0.01 分。（四）建筑业评价高，高新技术产业评价低（四）建筑业评价高，高新技术产业评价低分行业看，建筑业对社会法治环境评价最高，为 4.62 分；其次是资源行业和服务行业，分别为4.59 分和 4.53 分；高新技术产业评分最低，为4.44 分；传统制造业和其他行业评分居中，为 4.51分和 4.45 分。与 2021 年相比，建筑业对社会法治环境评价提升最多（提高 0.30分），其次是服务行业和资源行业，分别提高 0.17 分和 0.09 分。其他行业、高新技术产业和传统制造业企业评价负增长，分别较低 0.08分、0.07 分和 0.04 分。24

44、七、科技创新：二级指标评价相近，国有企业评价提升多科技创新环境细分为研发抵扣政策实施、知识产权抵押、产学研结合、创业孵化服务和公共服务平台建设 5 个二级指标。科技创新环境指标评分为 4.45 分，在 12 个一级指标中排名第 6 位。（一）二级指标评价相近，（一）二级指标评价相近，研发抵扣政策实施获较高评价研发抵扣政策实施获较高评价科技创新环境 5 个二级指标得分相近。其中，研发抵扣政策实施得分最高，为 4.47 分；其次是公共服务平台建设，为 4.46 分；知识产权抵押和产学研结合评价稍低，分别为 4.45 分和 4.44 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年产学研结合和公共服务平台建设

45、指标评价提升较多，均提高 0.03 分；其次是创业孵化服务（提高 0.02 分）和知识产权抵押（提高 0.01 分）；研发抵扣政策实施指标评价与 2021年持平。（二）（二）西部地区评价提升较大，东中部地区评价负增长西部地区评价提升较大，东中部地区评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对科技创新环境评价最高，为 4.50 分，西部地区评价（4.44 分）居中，东部地区评价负增长，仅 4.42 分。与 2021 年相比，西部地区评价提高 0.20 分，中部地区评价降低 0.03 分，东部地区评价降低 0.19 分。（三）（三）中外合资合作中外合资合作企业评价最高，其他所企业评价最高，其他所有有制企业评价低

46、制企业评价低25从所有制角度看，中外合资合作企业对科技创新环境评价最高，为 4.58 分；外商独资企业（4.52 分）、其他所有制企业（4.49 分）和国有企业（4.47 分）评价居中；私营企业（4.44 分）评分最低。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业对科技创新环境评价提升最多（提高 0.30 分），其次是外商独资企业（提高 0.05 分），国有企业及中外合资合作企业评价负增长，分别降低 0.02 分和 0.01 分。私营企业评价与 2021 年持平。（四）（四）资源行业资源行业评价较高，三行业评价降低评价较高，三行业评价降低分行业看，资源行业对科技创新环境评价最高，为4.58分；其次是建

47、筑业、服务行业和传统制造业，分别为 4.56 分、4.48 分和4.46 分；高新技术产业、其他行业评分较低，分别为 4.44 分、4.40 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑业、服务行业和资源行业评价提升明显，分别提高 0.33 分、0.20 分和 0.16 分；传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他行业评价负增长，分别降低 0.03 分、0.02 分和 0.06 分。八、人力资源：评价排名末位，社会专业化人才可获得性评价低人力资源环境细分为熟练劳动力的可获得性、中高层管理人员的可获得性、创新创业人才资源可得性、社会专业化人才的可获得性 4个二级指标。2022 年，人力资源环境评价在 12

48、个一级指标中排名末26位，仅 4.06 分。（一（一）熟练劳动力评价较高熟练劳动力评价较高，创新创业人才资源可得性评价较低创新创业人才资源可得性评价较低从二级指标看，熟练劳动力的可获得性评价相对较高，为 4.12 分；中高层管理人员的可获得性和社会化专业人才的可获得性评价较低，为 4.08 分和4.06 分；创新创业人才资源可得性评价最低，仅 4.01 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年创新创业人才资源可得性指标（0.04 分）提升最多；中高层管理人员的可获得性（0.03 分）和社会化专业人才的可获得性（0.02 分）有所提升；熟练劳动力的可获得性评价较上年提高 0.01 分。2022年，

49、受访企业反映人工成本占总成本比重为26.75%，较2021年提高 0.48 个百分点，人工成本年均上涨 9.46%，较 2021 年提高 1.46个百分点。（二）西部地区评价显著提高，东部地区评价最低（二）西部地区评价显著提高，东部地区评价最低分地区看，西部地区对人力资源环境评价最高，为4.09分，较上年提高0.18分；中部地区得分为 4.08分，降低 0.03 分；东部地区评价负增长，为 4.00 分，较 2021 年下降 0.15 分。（三）其他所有制企业评价较高，（三）其他所有制企业评价较高，中外合资合作中外合资合作企业评价较低企业评价较低27从所有制角度看，其他所有制企业（4.18 分

50、）评价最高，其次是外商独资企业（4.12 分）；中外合资合作企业评价最低，仅 4.03 分；国有企业和私营企业评价居中，分别为4.09 分和 4.05 分。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业评价提升最多（提高 0.16 分），其次是中外合资合作企业和私营企业，分别提高 0.06 分和 0.02 分。国有企业评价负增长，降低 0.08 分。外商独资企业评价与 2021 年持平。（四）建筑业评价最高，高新技术产业评价较低（四）建筑业评价最高，高新技术产业评价较低分行业看，建筑业对人力资源环境评价分值最高，为 4.24 分；其次是资源行业，为 4.22分；高新技术产业评价最低，为 3.90 分；服

51、务行业、传统制造业和其他行业评分居中，分别为 4.15 分、4.03 分和 4.07 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑业评价提升较多，提高 0.33 分；传统制造业和服务行业评价有所提升，分别提高 0.06 分和 0.11 分；高新技术产业行业、其他行业和资源行业评价负增长，分别降低 0.04分、0.04 分和 0.09 分。九、金融服务：指标排名倒数第二，融资成本年度涨幅降低金融服务环境细分为融资便利性、融资渠道多元化 2 个二级指标。282022 年，受访企业对金融服务环境总体评价较低，为 4.11 分，在 12个一级指标中排名第 11 位。（一）二级指标评分较低，指标间差异不大

52、（一）二级指标评分较低，指标间差异不大从二级指标看，融资便利性评分为 4.13 分，融资渠道多元化为 4.10 分。与 2021年相比，2022 年两指标评价均负增长，其中融资便利性降低 0.05 分，融资渠道多元化降低 0.06 分。2022 年受访企业融资成本率（融资成本占总成本百分比）为13.84%，较 2021 年下降 0.11 个百分点。（二）（二）西部地区评价显著提高，东中部地区评价负增长西部地区评价显著提高，东中部地区评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对金融服务环境评价最高，为 4.16 分，西部地区评价为 4.11 分，东部地区评价仅 4.08 分。与 2021 年相比，西部地区对金

53、融服务环境评价提升最多（提高 0.19 分），中部和东部地区评价负增长，分别降低 0.30 分和 0.16 分。（三）外商独资企业评价较高，私营企业评价较低（三）外商独资企业评价较高，私营企业评价较低从所有制角度看，外商独资企业（4.18 分）评价最高；国有企业（4.14 分）、其他所有制企业（4.14 分）和中外合作、合资企业（4.1 229分）评价居中，私营企业评分最低（4.11 分）。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业评价提升最多（提高 0.23 分）。中外合资合作企业、外商独资企业、国有企业和私营企业评价均负增长，分别降低 0.20 分、0.19 分、0.17 分和 0.04 分。（

54、四）建筑业、服务（四）建筑业、服务行行业业评价评价高，建筑业高，建筑业评价评价提升提升多多分行业看，建筑业、服务行业对金融服务环境评价最高，均为 4.18分；其次是传统制造业和资源行业，分别为 4.12分和 4.11 分；高新技术产业评分最低，为 4.04 分；资源行业和其他行业评分居中，分别为 4.11 分和 4.09 分。与 2021 年相比，建筑业、服务行业对金融服务环境评价提升明显，分别提高 0.24 分和 0.13 分；资源行业、其他行业、高新技术产业和传统制造业评价负增长，分别降低 0.13 分、0.12 分、0.11 分和0.09 分。十、财税服务：总体评价位列第二，二级指标评价

55、优秀财税服务环境细分为财税执法规范性、申退税办理时间两个二级指标。2022 年企业对财税服务环境（4.52 分）总体评分较高，在 12个一级指标中位列第二。（一）（一）二级指标二级指标评价均为优秀，评价均为优秀，但但较较 2021 年年均有均有降低降低从二级指标看，财税执法规范性得分为 4.53 分，申退税办理时30间得分为 4.52 分。与2021年相比，2022年财税执法规范性评价降低 0.01 分，申退税办理时间上升 0.01 分。具体来看，2022 年受访企业反映平均税费缴纳次数从 12.55 次降低至 10.34 次；税费缴纳耗时从 7.25 小时上升至9.37 小时。（二）西部地区

56、评价显著提高，东部地区评价（二）西部地区评价显著提高，东部地区评价负增长负增长分地区看，中部地区对财税服务环境评价最高，为4.55 分；西部地区评价居中，为 4.52 分；东部地区评价较低，为 4.50 分。与 2021 年相比，西部地区对财税服务环境评价提高0.19 分。中部和东部地区评价有所下降，分别降低 0.05 分和 0.20 分。（三）其他企业评价提升多，大部分类型企业评价负增长（三）其他企业评价提升多，大部分类型企业评价负增长从所有制角度看，中 外 合 资 合 作 企 业（4.62 分）评价最高；外商独资企业（4.61 分）、私营企业（4.52 分）评价居中。国有企业和其他所有制企

57、业评分较低（4.47 分）。31与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业对财税服务环境年度评价提高0.24 分，中外合资合作企业、国有企业、外商独资企业评价负增长，分别降低 0.07 分、0.05 分和 0.02 分。私营企业对财税服务环境评价与 2021 年持平。（四）资源行业评价较高，其他行业评价较低（四）资源行业评价较高，其他行业评价较低分行业看，资源行业对财税服务环境评价最高，为 4.64 分；其次是建筑业、服务行业和传统制造业，分别为 4.58 分、4.55 分和4.55 分；其他行业和高新技术产业评分较低，分别为 4.47 分和 4.49 分。与 2021 年相比，建筑业和服务行业对财

58、税服务环境评价提升明显，分别提高 0.27 分和 0.23 分；其次是资源行业，提高 0.20 分；其他行业、传统制造业和高新技术产业评价负增长，分别降低 0.10 分、0.05 分和 0.02 分。十一、海关服务：检验检疫评价高，二级指标评价负增长海关服务环境细分为货物通关、检验检疫和人员出入境 3 个二级指标。2022 年，受访企业对海关服务环境评价较高（4.48 分），在12 个一级指标中排名第 4。（一）二级指标均在优秀范（一）二级指标均在优秀范畴，指标评价均有所降低畴，指标评价均有所降低从二级指标看，货物通关和检验检疫评价较高，分别为 4.48分和 4.49 分；人员出入境评价略低，

59、为 4.47 分。与 2021 年相比，322022 年各细分评价均有所降低，其中人员出入境和检验检疫情降低0.03 分；货物通关降低 0.04 分。（二）中部地区评价最高，西部地区评价显著提高（二）中部地区评价最高，西部地区评价显著提高分地区看，中部地区对海关服务环境评价最高，为 4.55分，东部地区评价为 4.48 分，西部地区评价为 4.43 分。与 2021 年相比，西部地区对海关服务环境评价提高0.15 分，中部和东部地区评价负增长，分别降低 0.07 分和 0.23 分。（三）其他所有制企业评价（三）其他所有制企业评价提升多提升多，部分企业评价负增长，部分企业评价负增长从所有制角度

60、看，中外合资合作企业（4.60分）评价最高；外商独资企业（4.56 分）和私营企业（4.47 分）评价居中；其他所有制企业（4.45分）和国有企业评分较低（4.45 分）。与 2021 年相比，其他所有制企业对海关服务环境评价提升最多（提高 0.20 分），中外合资合作企业、国有企业、外商独资企业和私营企业评价负增长，分别降低 0.10 分、0.08 分、0.05 分和 0.04 分。（四）资源行业评价高，（四）资源行业评价高，三三行业评价负增长行业评价负增长分行业看，资源行业和建筑行业对海关服务环境评价较高，分别为 4.56 分和 4.55 分；其次是传统制造业，为 4.53 分；其他行业评

61、分较低，为 4.42 分；服务行业和高新技术产业评分居中，分别为 4.4633分和 4.44 分。与2021年相比，2022年建筑业评价提升明显，提高 0.33 分；资源行业和服务行业评价分别提高0.07 分和 0.15 分；其他行业、传统制造业、高新技术产业评价负增长，分别降低 0.10 分、0.09 分、0.06 分。十二、企业设立和退出：环保手续评价高，土地获取评价提升多企业设立和退出环境细分为土地获取、环保手续和破产手续办理3 个二级指标。2021 年受访企业对企业设立于退出环境评价为 4.43分，在 13 个指标中排名第 8。（一）环保手续评价较高，（一）环保手续评价较高，土地获取评

62、价较低土地获取评价较低从二级指标看，环保手续评价最高，为 4.44 分；破产手续办理评价最低，为 4.42 分；土地获取评价居中，为 4.43 分。与 2021 年相比，2022 年各细分评价均有所提升，其中土地获取评价提高 0.09 分，破产手续办理评价和环保手续评价均提高 0.06 分。（二（二）中中、西部地区评价提西部地区评价提升，东部评价负增长升，东部评价负增长分地区看，中部地区对企业设立和退出环境评价最高，为4.54分，西部地区评价为4.40分，东部地区评价为 4.39 分。34与 2021 年相比，西部地区对企业设立和退出环境评价提高 0.24分，中部地区评价提高 0.07 分，东

63、部地区评价负增长，降低 0.16 分。（三）其他所有制企业评价迅速提升，私营企业评价较低（三）其他所有制企业评价迅速提升，私营企业评价较低从所有制角度看，中外合资合作企业（4.55分）评价最高，其次是外商独资企业（4.50 分）和其他企业（4.50 分）；私营企业（4.41 分）评分最低；国有企业评价居中，为 4.42 分。与 2021 年相比，其他企业对企业设立和退出环境评价提升最多（提高 0.31 分），其次是私营股企业（提高 0.07 分）和外商独资企业（提高 0.03 分）。中外合资合作企业和国有企业评价与 2021 年持平。（四）建筑业评价较高，其他行业评价较低（四）建筑业评价较高，

64、其他行业评价较低分行业看，建筑业对企业设立和退出环境评价最高，为 4.60 分；其次是资源行业、服务行业、传统制造业和高新技术产业，分别为4.58 分、4.44 分、4.44分和 4.41 分；其他行业评分较低，为 4.38 分。与 2021 年相比，建筑业对企业设立和退出评价提升明显，提高0.36 分；其次是服务行业和资源行业评价，分别提高 0.20 分和 0.2335分；传统制造业和高新技术产业评价均提升 0.04 分。其他行业对企业设立和退出环境评价与 2021 年持平。36第三章企业经营与投资状况2022 年，近九成受访企业受到疫情不同程度消极影响，东部地区受影响企业占比达 92.1%

65、，76.2%的受访企业收入在一般及以上水平，这一比例较 2021 年降低 13.2 个百分点。利用本地资源和开拓市场是企业投资的主因。受访企业盼政府进一步优化政策政务环境，引进上下游配套企业，对疫情受影响较大的企业进一步提供资金补贴和税费减免。一、近九成企业受疫情不同程度影响（一）九成受访企业受疫情消极影响（一）九成受访企业受疫情消极影响九成企业受到新冠疫情不同程度的消极影响，其中受“影响较大”的企业占比最高，为 42.7%；受“影响较小”和“影响严重”的企业分别占 31.4%和 14.7%。此外，6.0%的企业反映疫情具有积极影响；5.3%的企业反映未受到影响。从不同地区看，东部、中部和西部

66、地区受疫情影响的企业占比均超八成，东部地区受影响企业占比最高，为92.1%。从受影响程度上看，西部地区受“严重影响”和“较大影响”的企业占比最高，为61.5%；中部地区受“积极影响”和“没有影响”的企业占比最高，为 13.2%。从不同所有制类型看，其他所有制企业受疫情消极情影响占比较注：“影响严重”指 2022 年上半年销售收入下降 50%以上，“影响较大”指下降 20%-50%，“影响较小”指下降 0-20%，“有积极影响”指收入不降反升。37高（89.2%），外商独资企业未受影响或受积极影响占比较高（18.3%）。从不同行业看，服务行业（88.9%）和其他行业（90.3%）受疫情消极影响较

67、大；资源行业未受影响或受积极影响占比较高（14.3%）。（二）受访（二）受访企业企业供应链、生产经营、出口等供应链、生产经营、出口等受影响明显受影响明显47.0%的企业反映疫情对供应链的影响最大；40.4%和36.8%的企业表示生产经营、出口受影响明显；34.9%、31.7%和 27.3%的企业表示资金链、国内销售和复工受到影响；6.1%的企业反馈售后服务受影响。从行业角度看，资源行业（48.1%）、传统制造业（55.8%）、高38新技术产业（63.7%）受访企业反映供应链受疫情影响较大；其他行业（41.0%）、服务行业（49.2%）、建筑业（50.8%）受访企业反映生产经营受疫情影响较大。表

68、表 3-2-13-2-1 不同行业受疫情影响的主要表现不同行业受疫情影响的主要表现传统制造业传统制造业高新技术产业高新技术产业资源行业资源行业建筑业建筑业服务行业服务行业其他其他供应链 55.8%供应链 63.7%供应链48.1%生产经营50.8%生产经营 49.2%生产经营 41.0%出口 48.4%出口 46.6%生产经营42.3%资金链43.8%资金链 37.7%供应链 40.4%国内销售35.8%国内销售 41.1%资金链37.5%复工 43.8%供应链 35.4%出口 36.7%生产经营35.5%资金链 34.7%复工 36.5%供应链30.8%复工 27.5%资金链 33.5%资金

69、链 33.3%生产经营 33.6%国内销售28.8%国内销售20.0%国内销售 26.0%国内销售 28.7%复工 28.1%复工 27.7%出口 19.2%其他 16.2%出口 19.6%复工 23.1%售后服务 4.3%售后服务 7.5%其他 8.7%出口 8.5%其他 11.8%其他 11.7%其他 1.4%其他 4.6%售后服务5.8%售后服务4.6%售后服务 9.2%售后服务 5.2%（三）受访企业对后疫情时期发展前景乐观态度（三）受访企业对后疫情时期发展前景乐观态度有所下降有所下降调查显示，超五成（56.3%）企业对后疫情时期发展前景持“一般”态度，36.6%持“乐观”态度，仅 7

70、.1%持“悲观”态度。与 2021 年相比，企业持“乐观”态度的占比减少 4.7 个百分点，持“悲观”态度的占比增加 2.1 个百分点。从所有制角度看，各类企业对后疫情时期发展前景持“一般”态度的占比较为接近，其中私营企业占比最高（57.5%）；国有企业持“乐观”态度的占比较大，为 50.5%；中外合资、合作企业持“悲观”39态度的占比较大，为 8.0%。与 2021 年相比，中外合资合作企业、外商独资企业、其他所有制企业、私营企业和国有企业持“悲观”态度占比均有上升，分别提高 5.2、3.7、2.2、1.7 和 1.4 个百分点。从不同行业看，各行业企业对后疫情时期发展前景持“乐观”态度的差

71、异明显，其中高新技术产业企业占比最高（43.1%）；各行业企业持“一般”态度的占比接近或超半数，其中其他所有制企业占比最高（59.7%）；除服务行业外，各行业企业持“悲观”态度的占比均不足一成。与 2021 年相比，建筑业企业对后疫情时期持“悲观”态度的占比降低 3.9 个百分点，资源行业、服务行业、传统制造业、高新技术产业和其他行业持“悲观”态度的企业占比均有提高，分别增加 5.8、3.4、2.4、1.4 和 1.4 个百分点。（四）近七成受访企业希望政府提供疫情补贴（四）近七成受访企业希望政府提供疫情补贴为尽可能减少疫情影响，超六成企业希望政府能提供疫情补贴（66.5%）和加大税收减免力度

72、（63.8%）；44.0%的企业希望政府40提供金融支持；超三成企业希望政府在提供物流支持（30.1%）和搭建企业间网络对接平台（19.7%）方面给予帮助；约一成企业希望政府能提供定期疫情防控指导（11.9%）和提供防疫装备（8.3%）。（五（五）过半数受访企业已采取或可能采取缩减过半数受访企业已采取或可能采取缩减不必要开支不必要开支的措施的措施受疫情影响，过半数受访企业已采取或可能采取缩减不必要开支的措施（50.7%）；有49.2%的受访企业调整了经营策略，38.1%的受访企业缩减了生产规模。此外，采取其他、裁员、降薪和暂停经营措施的受访企业分别占 12.8%、14.8%、10.7%和 9.

73、4%。二、收入增长的受访企业占比同比降低2022 年，76.2%的受访企业收入在一般及以上水平，较2021年降低 13.2 个百分点。35.7%的受访企业收入状况维持在较好及以上，较 2021 年下降 3.8 个百分点。（一（一）中中部地区近五成部地区近五成受受访访企业企业收入收入在较好及以上在较好及以上，东东部地区部地区不足不足三成三成分 地 区 看。中 部 地 区（42.0%）收入很好和较好的注：营业收入增长幅度在 10%以上，为“很好”；增长幅度在 5-10%以上为“较好”；增长幅度在 0-5%，为“一般”；下降幅度在 10%以内为“较差”；下降幅度在 10%以上为“很差”。41企业均超

74、过全国水平（35.7%）；东部地区收入较好及以上的企业占比较低，仅 29.2%；西部地区收入很好和较好的企业与全国水平持平。东部、中部和西部收入在一般及以上水平企业占比均超过七成，分别为 74.5%、85.2%和 74.6%。（二）（二）资源行业资源行业投资投资收入收入在较好及以上企业占比超五成在较好及以上企业占比超五成分行业看，资源行业投资收入较好及以上企业占比高达 55.4%，高新技术产业次之（46.8%），服务行业最低（29.5%）。资源行业收入很好和较好企业占比均为最高，分别是 27.2%、28.2%，且收入增长企业（一般及以上）占比最多，为 83.5%。超四成建筑业企业投资收入一般(

75、44.2%)，占比最高。服务行业收入较差和很差企业占比最高，为 30.4%。（三）（三）收入收入增长企业占比较增长企业占比较 2021 年有所下降年有所下降2022 年收入增长（收入一般及以上）企业占比为 76.2%，较 2021年的 83.0%下降 6.8 个百分点。收入较好企业占比下降 5.6 个百分点，收入一般企业占比下降 3 个百分点。收入很好、较差、很差企业占比均有所提高，分别上升 1.9、2.2 和 4.5 个百分点。42从不同地区看，2022 年中部地区收入增长企业占 80.6%，较 2021年降低 4.5 个百分点；西部地区收入增长企业占 74.6%，较 2021 年降低 0.

76、6 个百分点；东部地区收入增长企业占 74.5%，较 2021 年降低16.1 个百分点。分行业看，2022 年传统制造业收入增长企业占 44.4%，较 2021年降低 8.4 个百分点；高新技术产业收入增长企业占 82.2%，较 2021年降低 4 个百分点；资源行业收入增长企业占 83.6%，较 2021 年提高 4.1 个百分点；建筑业收入增长企业占 79.9%，较 2021 年降低 1.5个百分点；服务行业收入增长企业占 69.6%，较 2021 年降低 5.8 个百分点；其他行业收入增长企业占 76.3%，较 2021 年降低 6.3 个百分点。4344三、成本提高和市场竞争激烈问题

77、突出企业反映生产经营过程中，成本提高问题和市场竞争激烈最为显著，分 别 占 80.7%和66.3%。此外，金融支持不够(24.6%)、税费负担过重(14.9%)、政策不稳定(12.8%)等问题也较突出。各行业均有超七成企业认为成本提高是生产经营中遇到的最主要问题，其次是市场竞争激烈和金融支持不足。18.4%的传统制造业企业和 18.3%的高新技术产业企业反映税费负担过重；14.1%的资源行业企业和 20.3%的建筑业企业反映政策不稳定；服务行业和其他行业各有 16.0%和 17.9%的企业反映存在其他问题。表表 3-3-3 3-1-1 不同行业生产经营过程中遇到的主要问题不同行业生产经营过程中

78、遇到的主要问题传统制造业传统制造业高新技术产业高新技术产业资源行业资源行业建筑业建筑业服务行业服务行业其他其他成本提高 87.2%成本提高85.3%成本提高76.9%成本提高77.2%成本提高71.9%成本提高78.5%市场竞争激烈68.2%市场竞争激烈67.3%市场竞争激烈57.7%市场竞争激烈68.4%市场竞争激烈67.0%市场竞争激烈63.8%金融支持不够20.4%金融支持不够28.5%金融支持不够29.5%金融支持不够34.2%金融支持不够24.9%金融支持不够26.2%税费负担过重18.4%税费负担过重18.3%政策不稳定14.1%政策不稳定20.3%其他 16.0%其他 17.9%

79、政策不稳定10.4%政策不稳定11.3%税费负担过重10.3%税费负担过重16.5%政策不稳定15.9%税费负担过重13.6%其他 9.6%其他 9.9%其他 9.0%其他 12.7%税费负担过重12.5%政策不稳定13.0%四、利用本地资源和开拓市场为企业投资主因（一）近五成受访企业将利用本地资源视作投资首要原因（一）近五成受访企业将利用本地资源视作投资首要原因4544.1%的企业将利用本地资源视作投资的主要原因，其次是开拓市场(41.8%)和建立生产基地（38.8%）。降低生产成本和享受优惠政策的占比在三成以上，分别为 34.4%和 30.4%。产业配套和寻求战略合作等因素也是企业投资时考

80、虑的重要原因。从行业角度看，传统制造业、高新技术产业投资首要原因为建立生产基地，分别占 52.9%和 56.9%；资源行业、建筑行业、服务行业、其他行业投资首要原因为开拓市场，分别占 52.9%、54.5%、58.9%、43.6%。（二（二）受访企业投资主要依靠自身考察和当地政府招商引资落地受访企业投资主要依靠自身考察和当地政府招商引资落地超半数(56.1%)企业赴当地投资是通过自身考察落地，近四成（36.2%）企业由当地政府招商引资落地；在已有项目基础上投资新46项目、受同行或关联行业带动而投资的占比分别为 27.0%、24.6%；第三方推荐和其他方式占比较低，分别为 13.5%和 10.0

81、%。五、受访企业希望政府进一步优化营商环境（一）政策政务环境是受访企业关注重点（一）政策政务环境是受访企业关注重点在本次调研中，希望政府持续改善政策政务环境的企业占比最高（49.3%），其次是基础设施环境（41.6%）、人力资源环境（22.5%）和金融服务环境（23.9%）。（二）受访企业对地区产业链建设要求较高（二）受访企业对地区产业链建设要求较高调研结果显示，企业希望当地政府在招商引资中着重引进上下游配套企业（70.8%）；其次是引进商贸物流企业（51.4%）；有引进租赁、担保等金融服务企业和法律咨询服务企业需求的受访企业占比分别为 17.2%和 15.5%。47（三）受访企业希望贸促会着

82、重完善信息平台建设（三）受访企业希望贸促会着重完善信息平台建设59.1%的受访企业希望贸促会搭建更完善信息平台，占比最高；其次是投资项目对接（49.0%）。此外，分别有 37.6%、32.4%、28.9%和 18.5%的企业需要贸促会提供业务培训、国内外考察、展会论坛和商事法律服务。48第四章营商环境建设成就一、营商环境创新改革“由点到面”（一一）开展营商环境创新试点工作）开展营商环境创新试点工作为鼓励有条件的地方进一步瞄准最高标准、最高水平开展先行先试，加快构建与国际通行规则相衔接的营商环境制度体系，持续优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境，2021 年 11 月国务院印发关于开展营商环境创新试点

83、工作的意见（以下简称意见）。意见从十个方面明确了开展营商环境创新试点的重点任务：一是进一步破除区域分割和地方保护等不合理限制；二是健全更加开放透明、规范高效的市场主体准入和退出机制；三是持续提升投资和建设便利度；四是更好支持市场主体创新发展；五是持续提升跨境贸易便利化水平；六是优化外商投资和国际人才服务管理；七是维护公平竞争秩序；八是进一步加强和创新监管；九是依法保护各类市场主体产权和合法权益，十是优化经常性涉企服务。意见提出的主要目标是：经过三至五年的创新试点，试点城市营商环境国际竞争力跃居全球前列，政府治理效能全面提升，在全球范围内集聚和配置各类资源要素能力明显增强，市场主体活跃度和发展质

84、量显著提高，率先建成市场化法治化国际化的一流营商环境，形成一系列可复制可推广的制度创新成果，为全国营商环境建设作出重要示范。综合考虑经济体量、市场主体数量、改革基础条件等，选择北京、上海、重庆、杭州、广州、深圳作为试点城市，各试点城市的实施及完成情况如下：北京北京 2022 年印发培育和激发市场主体活力持续优化营商环境实施方案 和 关于开展北京市营商环境创新试点工作的实施方案。这是北京市连续第 5 次集中出台的一批优化营商环境改革举措，被称中国政府网 http:/ 版改革，也即“创新+活力=北京营商环境 5.0 版改革”。截至 8 月 17 日，北京市 2022 年国家营商环境创新试点城市建设

85、任务已基本完成，营商环境 5.0 版改革 299 项任务完成 83%。上海上海 2021 年 12 月印发营商环境创新试点实施方案，力争用3-5 年时间，推动上海营商环境国际竞争力跃居世界前列。2022 年上海各区以创新试点方案为抓手，制定了一系列政策措施，如杨浦区为助力市场主体纾困解难，升级优化营商环境 5.0 版行动方案，制定 对标最高标准、最好水平，持续推进杨浦营商环境改革创新的行动计划，推出 150 项改革创新任务和 10 大特色服务品牌。重庆重庆 2022 年 1 月以来先后印发营商环境创新试点实施方案等政策文件，持续深化营商环境创新试点和成渝地区双城经济圈营商环境建设，进一步助力市

86、场主体纾困解难，更大激发市场活力和发展内生动力，提升群众办事创业的便利度、满意度和获得感。杭州杭州 2022 年印发国家营商环境创新试点实施方案，形成“1个总体方案+153 个专项方案”改革体系架构，用一系列实打实的举措释放惠企利民红利。在落实 101 项国家改革事项基础上新增 52 项特色改革事项，蓄力打造国内最优、国际一流营商环境，在电子证照、“互联网+监管”、综合执法、政务服务等领域，打造多项“硬核”成果。广州广州 2022 年实施建设国家营商环境创新试点城市实施方案，启动营商环境 5.0 改革，以“激发活力”为主线，将制度创新和制度供给作为关键，更大力度利企便民。注重面向全体市场主体，

87、着力构建更有效率的企业全生命周期服务体系，通过“一企一策、一项一策”帮助企业解决困难问题。深圳深圳 2022 年印发建设营商环境创新试点城市实施方案，正式开启优化营商环境 5.0 版改革。从营造竞争有序的市场环境、打造北京市经济和信息化局 http:/上海市发展和改革委员会 https:/重庆市政府 http:/杭州市政府 http:/50公正透明的法治环境、构建国际接轨的开放环境、打造高效便利的政务环境等 4 方面提出 12 个领域的任务内容，并明确了要在今年落地实施的首批 200 项具体改革事项。此外，深圳还聚焦强化要素新供给、对接国际新规则、培育优质新主体三大主攻方向，提出 99 项“自

88、选动作”改革任务，确保把深圳“敢为人先”的首创精神落实到位。（二二）复制推广营商环境创新改革举措复制推广营商环境创新改革举措2022 年 10 月 31 日，国务院办公厅发布关于复制推广营商环境创新试点改革举措的通知，决定在全国范围内复制推广一批营商环境创新试点改革举措，以进一步扩大改革效果，推动全国营商环境整体改善。复制推广的改革举措包括 9 个方面内容：一是进一步破除区域分割和地方保护等不合理限制（4 项）；二是健全更加开放透明、规范高效的市场主体准入和退出机制（9 项）；三是持续提升投资和建设便利度（7 项）；四是更好支持市场主体创新发展（2 项）；五是持续提升跨境贸易便利化水平（5 项

89、）；六是维护公平竞争秩序（3项）；七是进一步加强和创新监管（5 项）；八是依法保护各类市场主体产权和合法权益（2 项）；九是优化经常性涉企服务（13 项）。二、法治化营商环境日趋完善（一）多方位建设法治化营商环境（一）多方位建设法治化营商环境1.多位一体健全营商环境配套法规多位一体健全营商环境配套法规。各地方政府陆续颁布和实施优化营商环境条例（以下简称条例），并在地方行政立法工作中，对涉及优化营商环境的法规规章优先安排、加力推进、强化审修、突出实效，高质量完成优化营商环境相关立法工作。北京市北京市政府为切实保障条例中的各项改革措施落地见效，市发改委提前组织各单位研究条例实施需配套的各项政策，共

90、梳理出需要出台的配套政策措施 82 项，其中固化现有经验或已出台政策措施 24 项，如建深圳市发展和改革委员会 http:/深圳市商务局 http:/51立行政检查单制度、政务服务“好差评”制度、12345 服务热线、公平竞争审查制度等。黑龙江省黑龙江省政府为保证条例的有效贯彻实施，在全国率先开展营商环境监督专项地方立法工作，相继出台营商环境监督办法社会信用条例促进中小企业发展条例等法律法规，筑牢优化营商环境法治之基。2.数字经济法律法规持续完善数字经济法律法规持续完善。中国高度重视数字经济发展，持续改善营商环境，出台了一系列法规，包括网络安全法电子商务法数据安全法个人信息保护法，先后两次修订

91、反不正当竞争法，公布了反垄断法修订草案，制定发布关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南。同时加大执法力度，成立反垄断局。去年以来，有关部门加强对数字经济平台领域监管执法，查处了强制实行“二选一”，强制性扼杀式收购等违法违规行为，在监管部门指导下，平台企业进行全面整改，数字经济正向规范有序的新发展阶段转变。3.知识产权保护体系和政策建立健全知识产权保护体系和政策建立健全。为推进知识产权强国建设，全面提升知识产权创造、运用、保护、管理和服务水平，充分发挥知识产权制度在社会主义现代化建设中的重要作用，2021 年 4 月人民法院印发人民法院知识产权司法保护规划（20212025 年）。9月中共中央、国务院发布

92、 知识产权强国建设纲要（20212035 年）。10 月国务院印发“十四五”国家知识产权保护和运用规划，12月第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议修订通过科学技术进步法，自 2022 年 1 月 1 日起施行。其中，科学技术进步法旨在营造尊重知识产权的社会环境，保护知识产权，激励自主创新。此外，通过推进修正反垄断法电子商务法专利法实施细则，以细化反垄断和反不正当竞争规则，预防和制止平台经济领域垄断、不正当竞争等行为，引导平台经营者依法合规经营。（二）知识产权保护成效显著（二）知识产权保护成效显著1.受理受理、审结实现审结实现“双突破双突破”。2021 年，人民法院受理、审结知52识

93、产权案件数量双双突破 60 万件，再创历史新高。2021 年新收一审、二审、申请再审约 64.3 万件，审结各类知识产权案件约 60.2 万件（含旧存），比 2020 年分别上升 22.33%和 14.71%。2.高压严打知识产权侵权行为高压严打知识产权侵权行为。2021 年，中国查处专利、商标等领域违法案件 5.01 万件，查办侵权盗版案件 2957 件，删除侵权盗版链接 119.7 万条，批准逮捕涉及侵犯知识产权犯罪案件 4500 余件、7800 余人。开展“昆仑 2021”专项行动，依法严厉打击侵犯知识产权犯罪。全国公安机关侦破侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品犯罪案件 2.1 万余起。坚持

94、对各类市场主体依法平等保护，先后侦破一批侵犯知识产权的大要案件，以严明法治保障优良营商环境。3.强化海关行政保护强化海关行政保护。开展“龙腾行动 2021”知识产权保护专项行动。2021 年全国海关共查扣进出口侵权嫌疑货物 7.92 万批次，货物数量 7180.3 万件。查扣的侵权嫌疑货物涉及商标专用权、专利权、著作权、奥林匹克标志和世界博览会标志等。其中，涉嫌侵犯商标权货物 7.9 万批次 6804.6 万件，涉嫌侵犯专利权货物 85 批次 293.3 万件，涉嫌侵犯著作权货物 233 批次 81.5 万件，涉嫌侵犯奥林匹克标志和世界博览会标志货物 8 批次 8381 件。（三）司法维护市场

95、公平与健康发展（三）司法维护市场公平与健康发展1.以司法维护市场公平竞争以司法维护市场公平竞争。2021 年，人民法院不断加强反垄断和反不正当竞争司法，审结垄断案件 49 件、不正当竞争案件 7478 件。探索数据权利保护规则，服务数字经济，促进电子商务发展。审理平台“二选一”、刷单炒信等垄断和不正当竞争案件，严惩妨碍公平竞争、损害群众利益行为。2.以司法助力市场主体有序退出和有效救治以司法助力市场主体有序退出和有效救治。2021 年，人民法院共审结破产案件 1.3 万件，涉及债权 2.3 万亿元，促进企业优胜劣汰和要素资源高效配置。充分发挥破产审判“积极拯救”和“及时出清”国家知识产权局 2

96、021 年中国知识产权保护状况白皮书53功能，同时坚决防止借破产之名逃废债。配合全国人大常委会开展企业破产法执法检查，促进完善破产法律制度。例如，深圳个人破产条例首案裁定生效，让依法经营、诚实守信的债务人可以从头再来，个人破产制度实践迈出重要一步。审结破产重整案件 732 件，盘活资产1.5 万亿元，让 745 家困境企业再获新生，35 万余名员工稳住就业。三、全国统一大市场逐渐形成（一一）市场分割进一步破除市场分割进一步破除2021 年 11 月国务院印发关于开展营商环境创新试点工作的意见，提出进一步破除区域分割和地方保护等不合理限制的重点任务，以加快破除妨碍生产要素市场化配置和商品服务流通

97、的体制机制障碍，并提出在试点城市推进六项具体改革事项，包括：“一照多址”、“一证多址”改革，便利企业分支机构、连锁门店信息变更，清除招投标和政府采购领域对外地企业设置的隐性门槛和壁垒，推动招投标领域数字证书兼容互认，推进客货运输电子证照跨区域互认与核验，优化常用低风险植物和植物产品跨区域流通检疫申请流程。2022 年 3 月关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见发布，提出加快建立全国统一的市场制度规则，打破地方保护和市场分割，打通制约经济循环的关键堵点，促进商品要素资源在更大范围内畅通流动，加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场；并从六个方面明确了加快建设全国统一大市场的重点任务，一是

98、强化市场基础制度规则统一，二是推进市场设施高标准联通，三是打造统一的要素和资源市场，四是推进商品和服务市场高水平统一，五是推进市场监管公平统一，六是要进一步规范不当市场竞争和市场干预行为。10 月国务院办公厅发布关于复制推广营商环境创新试点改革举措的通知，再次提出进一步破除区域分割和地方保护等不合理限制，包括“开展一照多址改革”、“便利企业分支机构、连锁中国政府网 http:/同上同上54门店信息变更”、“清除招投标和政府采购领域对外地企业设置的隐性门槛和壁垒”、“推进客货运输电子证照跨区域互认与核验”等。（二）制度性交易成本降低（二）制度性交易成本降低优化营商环境、降低制度性交易成本是减轻市

99、场主体负担、激发市场活力的重要举措。当前经济运行面临一些突出矛盾和问题，市场主体特别是中小微企业、个体工商户生产经营困难依然较多。为深入贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，打造市场化法治化国际化营商环境，降低制度性交易成本，提振市场主体信心，助力市场主体发展，为稳定宏观经济大盘提供有力支撑，2022 年 9 国务院办公厅印发关于进一步优化营商环境降低市场主体制度性交易成本的意见。该意见从五个方面为中小微个体解难题：一是进一步破除隐性门槛，推动降低市场主体准入成本；二是进一步规范涉企收费，推动减轻市场主体经营负担；三是进一步优化涉企服务，推动降低市场主体办事成本；四是进一步加强公正监管，切实保护市场主体

100、合法权益；五是进一步规范行政权力，切实稳定市场主体政策预期。为推动个体工商户实现长远健康发展，解决个体工商户“急难愁盼”问题，国务院 2022 年 10 月公布促进个体工商户发展条例，自 2022 年 11 月 1 日起施行。个体工商户是百姓生活最直接的服务者，截至 2022 年 9 月底，全国登记在册的个体工商户 1.11 亿户，占中国市场主体总量的三分之二，带动就业近 3 亿人，在稳增长、促就业、惠民生等方面发挥着重要作用。新条例是在原 个体工商户条例基础上制定出台的，结合个体工商户发展的总体形势、问题困难和利益诉求，有利于更好地促进个体工商户长远健康发展。新条例进一步降低了制度性交易成本

101、。个体工商户经营主要集中在批发零售、餐饮和居民服务行业，新条例分别从线下和线上两方面作出了规定。首先是支持个体工商户在社区从事与居民日常生活密切中国政府网 http:/同上55相关的经营活动，满足居民生活消费需求；其次是引导和支持个体工商户加快数字化发展，提升线上经营能力。同时，回应了个体工商户提出的入驻网络平台经营遇到的种种问题，专门规定了平台经营者的义务。按照原条例和相关登记管理法规的规定，个体工商户变更经营者，也就是通常所说的“出兑”店铺、转让经营权的，除家庭成员之间的变更外，都要重新申请登记，即注销原个体工商户，申请设立新的个体工商户。为解决这一问题，新条例调整了个体工商户变更经营者的

102、方式，由原来的“先注销、后成立”改为“直接向市场主体登记机关申请办理变更登记”。这一规定便利了个体工商户经营权的转让，实现了个体工商户变更经营者在成立时间、字号和相关行政许可方面的延续，大大简化了手续、降低了制度性交易成本，有利于个体工商户持续经营、打造“百年老店”。四、外资企业投资信心不断增强（一）吸引外资实现稳中有增、稳中提质的明显成效（一）吸引外资实现稳中有增、稳中提质的明显成效今年以来，面对日趋复杂严峻的国际形势以及跨国投资疲软等新情况新问题，我国吸引外资克服了多重困难，实现了稳中有增、稳中提质的明显成效。商务部数据显示，2022 年 1-10 月，全国实际使用外资金额 10898.6

103、 亿元人民币，接近 2021 年全年水平，按可比口径同比增长 14.4%，折合 1683.4 亿美元，增长 17.4%。从产业结构看，全国高技术产业利用外资同比增速高于总体水平，其中高技术制造业增长 57.2%，高技术服务业增长 25%。从来源结构看，外资来源地更趋多元平衡，韩国、德国、英国、日本实际对华投资同比分别增长106.2%、95.8%、40.1%和 36.8%。从区域结构看，中西部地区利用外资增速高于东部地区，东、中、西部地区实际使用外资分别增长 12.4%、33.6%和 26.9%。（二）出台多项政策措施（二）出台多项政策措施“引外资引外资”“”“稳外资稳外资”新华社 推动个体工商

104、户实现长远健康发展聚焦促进个体工商户发展条例562022 年政府工作报告及国务院关于印发扎实稳住经济的一揽子政策措施的通知中，明确要求扩大鼓励外商投资范围，支持外资加大中高端制造、研发、现代服务等领域和中西部、东北地区投资。为进一步扩大外资流入，稳定外商投资规模，提高利用外资质量，更好发挥利用外资在促进中国制造业高质量发展、更深融入全球产业链供应链的积极作用，2022 年 10 月，国家发展改革委等部门印发 关于以制造业为重点促进外资扩增量稳存量提质量的若干政策措施。该措施主要包括以下三方面内容：一是优化投资环境，扩大外商投资流入；二是加强投资服务，支持外商投资企业发展；三是引导投资方向，提升

105、外商投资质量。具体包括深入实施外资准入负面清单、高标准落实外资准入后国民待遇、鼓励外商投资企业利润再投资、支持制造业外商投资企业进出口、优化外商投资结构、支持外商投资创新发展等 15 项举措。随后，国家发展改革委、商务部又公开发布了鼓励外商投资产业目录（2022 年版），该目录作为中国重要的外商投资促进政策，对于支持外资发展、引导外资产业投向、优化外资区域布局发挥了重要作用。本次修订主要有以下三方面变化：一是持续鼓励外资投向先进制造业，二是持续引导外资投向现代服务业，三是持续引导外资投向中西部和东北地区优势产业。该目录内的行业领域主要可享受三项优惠政策：一是在投资总额内进口自用设备，除国家规定

106、不予免税的产品，免征关税；二是对于集约用地的鼓励类工业项目优先供应土地，并且可以按不低于所在地等别相对应全国工业用地出让最低价标准的 70%确定出让底价；三是在西部地区和海南省投资，还可进一步减按 15%税率缴纳企业所得税。（三）贸促会设立服务外资专班坚定外企扎根中国信心底气（三）贸促会设立服务外资专班坚定外企扎根中国信心底气2022 年 6 月召开的国务院常务会议指出，对外开放是我国的基本国策，稳外贸稳外资事关经济全局、就业大局，要进一步扩大对外中国商务部 http:/同上同上57开放。在落实已出台稳外贸稳外资政策同时，进一步加大支持。会议提出，保障外贸外资企业生产流通稳定是当前稳外贸稳外资

107、工作重中之重，要充分发挥各级稳外贸稳外资、物流保通保畅等机制作用，及时协调解决外贸外资企业复工达产、项目建设等方面困难。指导地方创新稳外贸稳外资措施。经国务院批准，中国贸促会设立服务外资企业工作专班，建立起外资企业诉求自下而上、便捷快速的直通车，进一步夯实上下贯通、横向协作的外资企业服务体系。这项工作覆盖全国贸促系统、面向广大外资企业，是做好稳外资工作、服务稳住经济大盘的重要抓手和平台。外资专班成立以来，贸促会坚持全国贸促系统一盘棋，加强与有关部门的协作配合，通过召开座谈会、建立直报平台、密切与企业联系、深入企业调研等方式，广泛收集数百项外资企业诉求，经过梳理甄别、分门别类、归纳提炼，及时向有

108、关部门进行反映，推动一大批外资企业急难愁盼问题得到有效解决，产业链供应链运转更加顺畅，受到外资企业高度赞扬。五、科技创新全方位发力（一）顶层政策不断引领（一）顶层政策不断引领在关于促进中小企业健康发展的指导意见基础上，2021 年6 月，财政部、商务部、国务院国有资产监督管理委员会、中国证券监督管理委员会等六部门联合印发 关于加快培育发展制造业优质企业的指导意见。11 月，国务院促进中小企业发展工作领导小组办公室印发为“专精特新”中小企业办实事清单和提升中小企业竞争力若干措施。这些政策和措施立足新发展阶段，以推动企业高质量发展为主题，不断健全体系、完善政策、优化服务，着力增强自主创新能力。中国

109、将会以金融财政和人才政策措施等抓手，加快培育和发展一批专业化、精细化、特色化、新颖化的专精特新“小巨人”中国科技部 http:/中国政府网 http:/同58企业，并且在重点行业和领域引导“小巨人”等各类企业成长为国际市场领先的单项冠军企业，引导大企业集团发展成为具有生态主导力、国际竞争力的领航企业。（二）科技成果转化机制愈发健全（二）科技成果转化机制愈发健全1.完善科技成果转移转化制度规范完善科技成果转移转化制度规范。科学技术进步法修订版将科技成果转化摆在突出位置。无论篇幅还是内容都有较大扩展，从科技创新基本法角度将促进科技成果转化法自 2015 年施行以来的重要决策和政策举措，以及行之有效

110、的经验做法上升为法律规范。2.完善科技成果评价机制完善科技成果评价机制。科技成果评价是科技成果转移转化中的关键一环。完善的科技成果评价机制，有助于大幅提高科技成果转移转化成效。2021 年 7 月国务院办公厅印发的关于完善科技成果评价机制的指导意见提出“充分发挥科技成果评价的指挥棒作用，全面准确反映成果创新水平、转化应用绩效和对经济社会发展的实际贡献，着力强化成果高质量供给与转化应用”。3.落实科技成果转化激励政策落实科技成果转化激励政策。激励科技人员实施科技成果转化，是激发第一动力、激活第一资源的重要举措，关键是落实科技成果转化奖酬金政策。国家多个文件强调要对科技人员实施激励分配。针对科技成

111、果转化奖酬金政策落实中如何把握政策执行尺度问题，2021年 2 月，人力资源社会保障部、财政部、科技部印发关于事业单位科研人员职务科技成果转化现金奖励纳入绩效工资管理有关问题的通知，明确了科研成果转化奖励不受绩效工资总额限制，不作为下一年度绩效工资核定基数，不作为社会保险缴费基数。（三）财税扶持力度加大（三）财税扶持力度加大为了优化创新企业的营商环境，增加创新动能，激发企业创新活力，服务国家创新驱动发展战略，2021 年，财政部、海关总署、税务总局针对科技创新的主要环节和关键领域，陆续推出了多个税费优中国政府网 http:/同59惠政策，如关于支持集成电路产业和软件产业发展进口税收政策的通知（

112、财关税20214 号）、关于延长部分税收优惠政策执行期限的公告（财政部税务总局公告 2021 年第 6 号）、关于进一步完善研发费用税前加计扣除政策的公告（财政部税务总局公告2021 年第 13 号）、关于“十四五”期间支持科技创新进口税收政策的通知（财关税202123 号）等政策，这些政策从研发费用扣税、免征用于科研资料等进口环节增值税、房产税和城镇土地使用税等方面对科技创新企业进行了大力度扶持。Chinas Business Environment Annual Report(2022)Trade and Investment Promotion Department of CCPIT A

113、cademy of CCPIT Editorial Board Sponsor China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)Edited by Trade and Investment Promotion Department,CCPIT Academy of CCPIT Editors-in-chief LI Qingshuang Director General of Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT SHI Dongli Secondary Counsel o

114、f Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT LIU Yingkui Vice Chairman of the Academy of CCPIT Executive Editorial Board XIE Ruizhe Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT MA Lei Deputy Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept

115、.,CCPIT YUAN Fang Deputy Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT Coordinators LIU Yingkui XIE Ruizhe MA Lei YUAN Fang WANG Jianjun LIU Yanchen ZHANG Hongyang Copywriters LIU Yingkui DUN Zhigang LI Yuan QIN Bangyuan CAI Meng-yu Proofreaders LI Yuan QIN Bangyua

116、n HUANG Lingmei Translation Global Tone Communication Technology Co.,Ltd Website for download http:/www.ccpit-academy.org/Contents Preface.1 I.Background And Significance Of The Research.1 II.Research Methods.2 III.Evaluation Indexes.4 IV.Respondent Composition.7 V.Main Conclusions.8 Chapter I Overa

117、ll Evaluation Of Chinas Business Environment.12 I.Business Environment Has Generally Been Rated As Good.12 II.Chinas Central Region Gave The Highest Rating.14 III.Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures Gave Higher Evaluation.15 IV.Resource Industry Gave Higher Evaluation.15 Chapter II Evaluation on the Seconda

118、ry Indexes of Business Environment.17 I.Infrastructure:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection Facilities,Improved Evaluation in The Central Region.17 II.Life-Support Service:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection,Lower in Sports Facilities.20 III.Policy and Government Administration:Hi

119、gher Evaluation on Official Integrity,Improved in Western Region.23 IV.Social Credit:Evaluation Ranked First,with High Evaluation on Social Credit Index.27 V.Fair Competition:High Evaluation on Market Supervision,Evaluations on Secondary Indexes Generally Improved.30 VI.Rule of Law:High Evaluation o

120、n Legal Supervision and Administration by Law,High Ratings Given by Foreign-capital Enterprises.33 VII.Technological Innovation:Similar Evaluation on secondary Indexes,Evaluation on State-Owned Enterprises Increased Most.36 VIII.Human Resources:Evaluation Ranked Last,Low Evaluation on Availability o

121、f Specialized Talents.39 IX.Financial Service:Second-To-Last Index,Annual Increase of Financing Costs Decreased.43 X.Fiscal and Tax Service:Evaluation Ranked Second,With High,Evaluation on secondary Indexes.46 XI.Customs Service:High Evaluation on Inspection and Quarantine,Declined Evaluation on sec

122、ondary Indexes.49 XII.Enterprise Establishment and Withdrawal:High Evaluation on Environmental Protection Procedure,Land Acquisition Improved the Most.52 Chapter III Operation and Investment Status of Enterprises.56 I.Nearly 90%Of Enterprises Were Affected by Covid-19 To Varying Degrees.56 II.The Pr

123、oportion of Enterprises with Revenue Growth Has Decreased Year on Year.63 III.Rising Costs and Fierce Market Competition Have Become Prominent Problems.68 IV.Utilization of Local Resources and Market Expansion Are Major Purposes for Investment.69 V.Enterprises Expect Governments to Optimize Policy a

124、nd Government Administration Index.71 Chapter IV Achievements in Business Environment Construction.73 I.Rolling Out Before Promoting Innovative Pilot Programs of Business Environment.73 II.Continuously Improved Law-Based Business Environment.77 III.A Unified Nationwide Market Gradually Formed.82 IV.

125、The Investment Confidence of Foreign-capital Enterprises Continues to Enhance.86 V.Technological Innovation Advanced in All Aspects.90 1 Preface I.Background And Significance Of The Research Optimizing business environment is a major decision and deployment made by the Chinese government in response

126、 to the new situation,new development trend and new requirements.In the report to the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Xi Jinping,the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party,emphasized the need to improve the basic systems of the market economy regarding property

127、rights protection,market access,fair competition,and social credit,and to optimize the business environment.The Report on the Work of the Government(2022)also proposed to promote the reform of streamlining administration and delegate power,improving regulation,and upgrading services around the creat

128、ion of a market-oriented,rule-of-law,internationalized business environment.In recent years,despite the impact of the epidemic,the increasing downward pressure on the economy and other unfavorable factors,China has achieved certain results in optimizing the business environment.Data from the State T

129、axation Administration shows that in the first five months of 2022,5.547 million new tax-related market entities were established nationwide,up 6.2%year-on-year.According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics,the GDP in the first three quarters of 2022 was about CNY 87 trillion,u

130、p 3.0%year-on-year at constant prices,seeing a 0.5%faster rise from the first half of the year;by industry,the primary,secondary and tertiary industries grew 4.2%,3.9%and 2.3%year-on-year,respectively.At present,as the pandemic is still spreading around the world,there is not enough momentum for the

131、 recovery of the world economy.Commodity prices fluctuate at high levels,and the international environment is becoming more complex,severe and uncertain.The 2 recovery of consumption and investment is sluggish,the difficulty of stabilizing exports is increasing,and the production and operation of sm

132、all,medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households are also in a pickle.Therefore,how to further optimize the business environment and stimulate market vitality is still a major issue that requires continuous attention,and creating a first-class business environment

133、 is an arduous task and of great significance.In order to give full play to the resource advantages of our trade promotion system and assist relevant departments of the state to optimize the business environment,the Department of Trade and Investment Promotion,China Council for the Promotion of Inte

134、rnational Trade(the“Promotion Department,CCPIT”)and the Academy of CCPIT have carried out survey of Chinas business environment and released annual reports for six consecutive years since 2016.On this basis,the research team continued to fulfill the mission in 2022,with the aim of closely tracking a

135、nd analyzing changes in Chinas business environment,comprehensively and objectively reflecting the achievements and problems of the business environment,and making suggestions and recommendations,so as to further stimulate the creativity of enterprises and the vitality of the market and promote the

136、stable and healthy development of the economy and society.II.Research Methods Various methods including questionnaire survey,field investigation,enterprise symposium,comparative analysis and literature analysis were adopted for this research.(I)Questionnaire survey From May to September 2022,CCPIT o

137、rganized and carried out the survey of Chinas business environment in 2022 by distributing 3 questionnaires to enterprises.The research team collected 7,657 questionnaires,including 5,372 online and 2,285 offline,and more than 300 questionnaires were submitted from each of Jiangxi,Hubei,Guangxi,Gans

138、u,Shanxi,Fujian,and Hunan.Through the enterprise questionnaire survey,the research team obtained relevant data of different regions,industries and enterprises of different ownerships,which provided objective data support for the analysis and evaluation of the national business environment.(II)Field

139、investigation From April to September 2022,the research team went to Yunnan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu and other places,visited more than 20 special zone such as Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Jiangsu Free Trade Zone Nanjing Area,and held discussions with more than 700 enterprises,

140、receiving strong support from local governments,associations,zone management committees and enterprises.The research team had face-to-face and in-depth exchanges with the members of management committees of industrial parks and representatives of enterprises to learn about the current situation,achi

141、evements and problems of the business environment in different regions from different perspectives and to verify and supplement the information on the questionnaires of enterprises,which provided support for a comprehensive and objective assessment of the business environment in China.(III)Enterpris

142、e symposium From April to September 2022,in order to steadily promote the research on Chinas business environment while implementing epidemic prevention and control measures,the research team cooperated with Guangxi and Hubei branches of CCPIT to organize an online business environment symposium wit

143、h more than 200 companies,and acquired 4 abundant first-hand information.(IV)Comparative analysis The research team selected the data related to Chinas business environment in 2022 and 2021 for horizontal and vertical comparison,so as to learn about the dynamic changes among different regions,differ

144、ent industries(traditional manufacturing,high-tech,resource,construction and service industries)and enterprises of different nature(state-owned,state-controlled,private,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises),have an in-depth understanding of the differences,characteristics and tren

145、ds of the business environment among different regions,industries and enterprises,promote experience models for improving the business environment in different regions,and encourage them to learn from each other and make common progress.(V)Literature analysis The research team collected and sorted o

146、ut domestic and foreign literature,and consulted the data of the World Bank,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other international organizations,the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Commerce,the State Administration for Market Regulation,the National

147、 Bureau of Statistics and other ministries and commissions on optimizing the business environment.In addition,local trade promotion associations in Jiangxi,Guangxi,Hubei,Gansu,and Tianjin and local sub-councils of CCPIT also provided relevant information on the business environment，which further enr

148、iched the content of the report.III.Evaluation Indexes Referring to CCPITs Business Environment Evaluation Index System issued in 2021 and drawing lessons from and absorbing WBs 5 Doing Business Index System,the research team considered the actual situation of this year to improve improved the 2022

149、China Business Environment Evaluation Index System and the corresponding enterprise questionnaire.After repeated demonstration and analysis,we designed an evaluation index system for Chinas business environment in 2022 consisting of 12 primary indexes and 48 secondary indexes.Each primary index is t

150、he weighted average of the corresponding secondary indexes(Table 0-1),and the comprehensive evaluation score is obtained by taking the arithmetic average of the primary indexes.The 12 primary indexes include infrastructure environment,life-support service environment,policy and government administra

151、tion environment,social credit environment,fair competition environment,rule by law environment,technology innovation environment,human resources environment,financial service environment,fiscal and tax service environment,customs service environment and enterprise establishment and withdrawal envir

152、onment.Table 0-1 2022 Chinas Business Environment Evaluation Indexes Primary l indexes Secondary indexes Infrastructure Transportation(1/5)Network communication(1/5)Environmental protection facilities(1/5)Water,electricity and gas supply(1/5)Urban planning and construction(1/5)Life-Support Service L

153、iving conditions(1/6)Health care(1/6)Sports facilities(1/6)Education level(1/6)Environmental protection(1/6)Public security(1/6)Policy And Government Administration Policy equity(1/5)Efficiency of government services(1/5)Intensity of policy implementation(1/5)Official integrity(1/5)Predictability(1/

154、5)Social Credit Construction of punishment and reward mechanism(1/3)Government credit(1/3)Construction of credit system(1/3)Fair Competition Market supervision(1/5)Administrative monopoly governance(2/5)Government procurement(1/5)Market access(1/5)6 Rule by law National Peoples Congress legislation

155、and legal supervision(1/6)Law-based administration of government(1/6)Courts conclusion of cases on schedule(1/6)Arbitration courts conclusion of cases on schedule(1/6)Enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards(1/6)Intellectual property rights protection(1/6)Technological Innovation Implement

156、ation of R&D tax credit policy(1/5)Intellectual property collateralization(1/5)Industry-university-research combination(1/5)Business incubation service(1/5)Public service platform construction(1/5)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Enterprise R&D investment in science and technology,intellectual propert

157、y rights application cycle Human Resources Availability of skilled labor(1/4)Availability of middle and senior managers(1/4)Availability of specialized talents(1/4)Availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents(1/4)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Proportion of labor cost in total cost;average

158、 annual increase rate of labor cost Financial Service Financing convenience(1/2)Diversity of financing channels(1/2)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Proportion of financing cost in total cost;average annual increase rate of financing cost Fiscal And Tax Standardization of fiscal and tax law enforcemen

159、t(1/2)Processing time for tax refund(1/2)Enterprise-optional indexes(5):Number of tax payments,tax payment processing time,total fee rate,total tax rate,export tax refund processing time Customs Service Goods clearance(1/3)Inspection and quarantine(1/3)Personnel entry and exit(1/3)Enterprise Establi

160、shment And Withdrawal Land acquisition(1/3)Environmental protection procedure(1/3)Bankruptcy procedure(1/3)7 IV.Respondent Composition(I)Over 70%of the surveyed enterprises are private businesses In this survey,76.3%of the surveyed enterprises are private enterprises;state-owned and state-controlled

161、 enterprises(hereinafter referred to as“state-owned enterprises”)and enterprises of other types both account for about 7.2%;wholly foreign-owned enterprises account for 5.4%;and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises account for 4.0%.(II)Traditional manufacturing enterprises account

162、 for one-third Among the enterprises involved in the survey,33.2%are engaged in traditional manufacturing,21.2%in service industry,11.3%in high-tech industry,3.3%in construction industry,2.6%in resource industry,and 29.6%in other industries.7.2%76.3%4.0%5.4%7.2%figure0-1 Distribution of Surveyed Ent

163、erprises by OwnershipState-owned and state-controlledPrivateSino-foreign joint ventures andcooperative enterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthers33.2%11.3%2.6%3.3%21.2%28.5%figure0-2 Distribution of Surveyed Enterprises by IndustryTraditional manufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthers 8(III)

164、Small and micro enterprises account for nearly 70%Among the enterprises involved in the survey,68.4%are small and micro businesses with 100 or less employees;22.4%have 100-500 employees;6.8%have 500-2000 employees;and 2.5%are super large enterprises with 2000 or more employees.(IV)Nearly 70%of the s

165、urveyed enterprises have been continuously operating for more than five years Among the enterprises involved in the survey,5.6%are new enterprises with a history of less than one year,14.1%with 1-3 years,12%with 3-5 years,and 68.3%with more than 5 years.V.Main Conclusions(I)Enterprises generally gav

166、e good ratings for Chinas business environment in 2022 68.4%22.4%6.8%2.5%figure0-3 Distribution of Surveyed Enterprises by Size100 employees and below100-500 employees500-2000 employees2000 employees and above5.6%14.1%12.0%68.3%figure0-4 Duration of Continuous Operation of Surveyed EnterprisesLess t

167、han 1 year1-3 years3-5 yearsMore than 5 years 9 At present,the world is becoming more complicated,severe and uncertain,and the risks and challenges facing Chinas development have increased significantly.In 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council coordinated epidemic prevention and con

168、trol and economic and social development,considered development and security in an overall perspective,continued to ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas,improved peoples livelihood,focused on stabilizing the macroeconomic market,and maintained the economic operat

169、ion within a reasonable range.The rating for Chinas business environment in 2022 is 4.38 points,the same as that in 2021.Of the scores of the 12 primary indexes,6 have increased,1 has kept level with the previous years rating,and 5 have declined,compared with 2021.Among them,social credit environmen

170、t received the highest rating,followed by fiscal and tax service environment,social legal environment,customs service environment and fair competition environment;the scores of financial service environment and human resources environment are relatively low.The central region,Sino-foreign joint vent

171、ures and the resource industry contributed higher ratings.The new dual-cycle pattern and the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative have brought vast opportunities to the western region of China.With the joint efforts of the government,relevant service agencies,and enterprises,the

172、rating on the business environment in the western region of China improved significantly in 2022.As the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic continued to expand in 2022,nearly 90%of the enterprises were negatively affected to varying degrees,and the number of companies with year-on-year revenue growth de

173、creased by 13.2%compared with 2021.Forty-seven percent of 10 companies reflected that their supply chains were affected,and half of them have taken or may take measures to reduce expenditures and adjust business strategies to cope with the impact of the epidemic.Despite many difficulties in producti

174、on and operation,only 7%of the enterprises are pessimistic about future development.To minimize the impact of the epidemic,more than 60%of the enterprises expect subsidies and tax breaks from the government to help them tide over the difficulties.In the meantime,over 70%of them achieved revenue grow

175、th in 2022.“Utilization of local resources”and“market expansion”are major drivers for enterprisesinvestment in 2022.Rising costs and fierce market competition are the main problems encountered by the enterprises in the production and operation.The enterprises hope that the government can further opt

176、imize the policy and government administration environment,introduce upstream and downstream supporting enterprises and trading and logistics enterprises,and help them restore production and operation order.(II)Chinas business environment has been continuously improved 1.Pilot reform measures have b

177、een promoted across the country to advance the innovation and reform of business environment.In October 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to replicate and promote a number of pilot business environment innovation and reform measures across the country to expand the effec

178、t of the reform and promote the overall improvement of business environment nationwide.2.The law-based bu siness environment has been continuously improved.In 2022,various legislative,judicial,and law enforcement agencies took multiple measures to promote the construction of a law-based business env

179、ironment by improving the legal system,raising the 11 level of protection of intellectual property rights,and maintaining the fairness and healthy development of the market.3.A unified nationwide market has been gradually formed.In April 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council propose

180、d to accelerate the construction of a unified national market.As all local departments introduced relevant regulatory measures,the costs of institutional transactions across regions and departments have gradually decreased,and market barriers have been removed.4.The confidence of foreign-capital ent

181、erprises in investing in China has been continuously enhanced.Stabilizing foreign investment is a key basis to expand opening to the outside world.The Party Central Committee and the State Council have successively issued a series of documents and policies to help foreign-capital enterprises tide ov

182、er their difficulties.In addition,the CCPIT has set up a task force to serve foreign-capital enterprises to further strengthen their confidence in taking root in China.5.China has intensified support for scientific and technological innovation in an all-round way.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed

183、 out that we must regard science and technology as our primary productive force,and innovation as our primary driver of growth.In 2022,China strengthened the top-level institutional innovation,improved the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements,enhanced fiscal and taxa

184、tion support,and continuously activated the innovation vitality of enterprises.12 Chapter I Overall Evaluation Of Chinas Business Environment According to the survey questionnaire,the overall rating of surveyed enterprises on Chinas business environment in 2022 is 4.38,the same as that in 2021.More

185、than 40%of the surveyed enterprises are very satisfied with Chinas business environment,and more than 60%believe that the business environment has improved in the past three years.I.Business Environment Has Generally Been Rated As Good(I)More than 40%of the surveyed enterprises are very satisfied wi

186、th the business environment The surveyed enterprises are generally satisfied with Chinas business environment,with 42.89%being very satisfied and 53.57%being basically satisfied;those who rated“merely fair”account for 3.49%;and only 0.05%think that Chinas business environment is bad.(II)About 60%of

187、the enterprises surveyed believe that the business environment has improved in the past three years 30.81%of the enterprises surveyed believe that Chinas business Note:The data involved in Chapters I,II,and III of this report are mainly derived from the questionnaire survey of enterprises on busines

188、s environment organized by CCPIT in 2022.0.05%3.49%53.57%42.89%figure1-1 Satisfaction with Chinas Business Environment,2022PoorAverageBasically satisfiedVery satisfied 13 environment has improved significantly in the past three years;33.19%believe that it has somewhat improved;9.59%see no change;26.

189、4%feel that it has worsened(including seriously worsened and somewhat worsened),and this proportion is higher than that in 2021(6.2%).(III)The enterprises surveyed generally rate Chinas business environment as good,with the highest score appearing on social credit Chinas business environment scores

190、4.38 in 2022,the same as in 2021,reaching a good level.Among the indexes,social credit gains the highest score of 4.53,while fiscal and tax service environment(4.52)and rule by law environment(4.50)are also at an excellent level.Human resources environment is rated the worst with 4.06 points,followe

191、d by financial service environment with 4.11 points.The surveyed enterprises overall rating on Chinas business environment in 2022 is the same as that in 2021.Among the 12 primary indexes,the ratings on 6 indexes have improved,with enterprise establishment and withdrawal environment seeing the large

192、st increase of 0.07 points,followed by infrastructure environment(0.05 points)and social credit(0.02 points);the scores of technology innovation environment and human resources environment have increased by 0.02 points,and those on fiscal and tax service environment has remained the 30.81%33.19%9.59

193、%16.52%9.88%figure1-2 Improvement of Chinas Business Environment in the Past Three YearsImproved significantlySomewhat improvedNot improvedWorsenedSeriously worsened 14 same as in 2021.II.Chinas Central Region Gave The Highest Rating By region,the central region has gained the highest rating of the

194、business environment(4.47 points),the western region is in the middle(4.32 points),and the eastern region is at the bottom(4.31 points).Compared with 2021,the rating on the business environment in the western region in 2022 has increased by 0.14 points;as the eastern and central regions were signifi

195、cantly affected by objective factors such as the BusinessEnvironmentInfrastructureLife-supportServicePolicyMaking&GovernmentAdministrationSocialCreditFairCompetitionRule byLawTechnologicalInnovationHumanResourcesFinancialServiceFiscalandTaxServiceCustomsServiceEnterpriseEstablishmentandWithdrawal202

196、14.384.354.334.454.514.444.514.434.044.174.524.514.3620224.384.404.304.374.534.464.504.454.064.114.524.484.43Difference0.000.05-0.03-0.080.020.02-0.010.020.02-0.060.00-0.030.07-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.000.020.040.060.083.703.803.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60figure1-3 Comparison of Business Enviro

197、nment Rating by Year4.564.494.184.314.474.32-0.25-0.020.14-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure1-4 Comparison of Business Environment Rating by Region20212022Difference 15 COVID-19 epidemic,and the ratings have decreased by 0.25 a

198、nd 0.02 points respectively.III.Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures Gave Higher Evaluation In terms of ownership,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest score of 4.51 on Chinas business environment,while private enterprises have given the lowest score of 4.32.The ratin

199、gs of wholly foreign-owned enterprises,enterprises of other ownership and state-owned enterprises are in the middle,being 4.47,4.41 and 4.36 points respectively.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships in 2022 have increased their ratings by 0.21 points,followed by wholly foreign-owned ent

200、erprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.01 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have decreased by 0.09,0.04 and 0.01 points respectively.IV.Resource Industry Gave Higher Evaluation Among the industries,the r

201、esource industry has the highest rating on Chinas business environment,with a score of 4.53,followed by the 4.454.364.524.464.204.364.324.514.474.41-0.09-0.04-0.010.010.21-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.254.004.104.204.304.404.504.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateSino-foreignjoint ventur

202、esandcooperativeenterprisesWhollyforeign-ownedOthersfigure1-5 Comparison of Business Environment Ratings of Enterprises of Different Ownerships by Year20212022Difference 16 construction industry,with a score of 4.46;the high-tech industry and other industries both have the lowest,4.32 points;the rat

203、ings of traditional manufacturing and service industries are 4.36 points,which is in the middle level.Compared with 2021,the construction industrys rating on Chinas business environment has increased the most in 2022(by 0.23 points),followed by the resource industry and service industry with an incr

204、ease of 0.14 and 0.11 points respectively;other industries rating has declined significantly(by 0.09 points);the ratings of the traditional manufacturing and high-tech industries have decreased by 0.07 and 0.05 points,respectively.4.434.374.384.234.254.414.364.324.534.464.364.32-0.07-0.050.140.230.1

205、1-0.09-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.254.054.104.154.204.254.304.354.404.454.504.55TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure1-6 Comparison of Business Environment Ratings of Enterprises of Different Industries by Year 20212022Difference 17 Chapter II Evaluation o

206、n the Secondary Indexes of Business Environment The evaluation system for Chinas business environment consists of 12 primary indexes such as infrastructure,policy&government administration,social credit and customs service environment and 48 sencondary indexes.The questionnaire survey shows that the

207、 enterprises generally rate Chinas business environment as good in 2022,as the scores of six primary indexes have improved compared with 2021.I.Infrastructure:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection Facilities,Improved Evaluation in The Central Region The infrastructure environment index is su

208、b-divided into five secondary indexes,i.e.,transportation,network communications,water,electricity and gas supply,environmental protection facilities,and urban planning and construction.In 2022,infrastructure environment is given a score of 4.40 points,increasing by 0.05 points from 2021 to rank 8th

209、 among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on environmental protection facilities and low evaluation on transportation Among the secondary indexes,environmental protection facilities has the highest score(4.45 points),followed by water,electricity and gas supply(4.42 points);transportation rec

210、eives the lowest evaluation with 4.35 points;network communications and urban planning and construction are in the middle with 4.41 and 4.38 points respectively.18 Compared with 2021,the score of transportation has achieved the greatest increase(0.12 points),followed by urban planning and constructi

211、on and environmental protection facilities both with an increase of 0.05 points;the score of network communications has increased by 0.03 points;water,electricity and gas supply are the only secondary index under infrastructure environment with negative growth(decreased by 0.01 points).(II)High eval

212、uation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on infrastructure is received in the central region,at 4.52 points,up 0.08 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.46 points,up 0.31 points from 2021;the eastern region has only given 4

213、.43 points on infrastructure,down 0.1 points from 2021.4.534.444.154.434.524.46-0.10 0.09 0.31-0.200.000.200.403.804.004.204.404.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-1-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Infrastructure Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference4.234.384.434.404.334

214、.354.414.424.454.380.12 0.03-0.01 0.05 0.05-0.020.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.144.104.154.204.254.304.354.404.454.50TransportationNetworkcommunicationsWater,electricityand gas supplyEnvironmentalprotectionfacilitiesUrban planningand constructionfigure2-1-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Infras

215、tructure Environment20212022Difference 19(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given higher ratings,while those of private enterprises are lower Enterprises of different ownerships have certain differences in the evaluation of the infrastructure environment.Sino-foreign j

216、oint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings(4.51 points),followed by state-owned enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises,and other enterprises(4.50 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.46 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownership

217、s have increased their ratings the most,by 0.36 points,followed by state-owned enterprises and private enterprises(whose ratings both have increased by 0.12 points).The ratings of wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have increased by 0.02 and

218、0.04 points respectively.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the infrastructure environment,with 4.63 points,followed by the construction industry,with 4.57 points;the high-tech

219、 industry has the 4.384.344.474.484.144.504.464.514.504.500.120.120.040.020.350.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesandcooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-1-3 Evaluation of En

220、terprises of Different Ownerships on Infrastructure Environment20212022Difference 20 lowest,with 4.41 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.54 points,4.46 points and 4.44 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the

221、construction and resource industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.37 and 0.30 points respectively in 2022,followed by the service industry(whose rating has increased by 0.27 points);the ratings of the high-tech industry,other industries and traditional manufacturing industry have

222、slightly increased by 0.09,0.08 and 0.06 points respectively.II.Life-Support Service:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection,Lower in Sports Facilities The life-support service environment index is sub-divided into six secondary indexes,i.e.,living conditions,health care,sports facilities,educ

223、ation level,environmental protection and public security.In 2022,life-support service environment is given a score of 4.30 points,increasing by 0.05 points from 2021 to rank 10th among the 12 primaryl indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on environmental protection,low evaluation on sports facilities Among

224、 the secondary indexes,environmental protection has the 4.404.324.324.194.274.364.464.414.634.574.544.440.060.090.300.370.270.080.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-1-4 Evaluation of Enterpri

225、ses of Different Industries on Infrastructure Environment 20212022Difference 21 highest score(4.40 points),while sports facilities have the lowest(4.23 points);the scores of living conditions,education level,public security,and health care are 4.32 points,4.30 points,4.27 points,and 4.25 points,resp

226、ectively.Compared with 2021,the score of education level has increased most(by 0.09 points),and that of environmental protection has increased by 0.04 points;the rating on sports facilities has remained the same;the evaluations on public security,living conditions and health care have all shown nega

227、tive growth,decreasing by 0.26,0.04 and 0.03 points respectively.(II)High evaluation in central region and low evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on life-support service environment is received in the central region,at 4.35 points,down 0.08 points from 2021;the rating

228、of the western region is 4.31 points,up 0.17 points from 2021;the evaluation of the eastern region has dropped by 0.26 points from 2021 to 4.21 points only.4.364.274.234.224.364.534.324.254.234.304.404.27-0.04-0.03 0.01 0.09 0.04-0.26-0.30-0.25-0.20-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.154.004.104.204.304.40

229、4.504.60Living conditionsHealth careSports facilitiesEducation levelEnvironmentalProtectionPublic securityfigure2-2-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Life-support Service Environment20212022Difference 22 (III)Enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while those of state-owned a

230、nd state-controlled enterprises are lower Among different types of enterprises,enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest ratings on life-support service environment(4.44 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.33 points),Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterpr

231、ises(4.30 points)and private enterprises(4.29 points),while state-owned enterprises have given the lowest(4.28 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.27 points.The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises,wholly

232、 foreign-owned enterprises,state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have all fallen down by 0.14,0.10,0.08 and 0.03 points,respectively.4.484.434.144.214.354.31-0.26-0.08 0.17-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-2-2 Evalu

233、ation of Enterprises on Life-support Service Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference4.364.324.444.434.064.284.294.304.334.34-0.08-0.03-0.14-0.100.27-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.303.804.004.204.404.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenter

234、prisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-2-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Life-support Service Environment20212022Difference 23(IV)The rating of the construction industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the construction industry has the h

235、ighest rating on the life-support service environment,with 4.47 points,followed by the resource industry,with 4.41 points;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.24 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.37 poi

236、nts,4.28 points and 4.25 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction and service industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.33 and 0.12 points respectively,followed by the resource industry(whose rating has increased by 0.08 points);the ratings of the traditional manufact

237、uring industry,other industries and high-tech industry have slightly decreased by 0.09,0.09 and 0.05 points respectively.III.Policy and Government Administration:Higher Evaluation on Official Integrity,Improved in Western Region The policy and government administration environment index is sub-divid

238、ed into four secondary indexes,i.e.,intensity of policy implementation,policy equity,efficiency of government services,and 4.404.324.324.194.274.364.464.414.634.574.544.440.060.090.300.370.270.080.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-tech

239、ResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-2-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Infrastructure Environment20212022Difference 24 official integrity.In 2022,policy and government administration environment are given a score of 4.37 points,decreasing by 0.08 points from 2021 to rank 9

240、th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on official integrity,low evaluation on intensity of policy implementation Among the secondary indexes,the score of official integrity is the highest,at 4.40 points,reaching the excellent level,followed by that of efficiency of government service

241、s(4.38);the ratings on intensity of policy implementation and policy equity are also good,at 4.36 and 4.37 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the scores of all four secondary indexes have decreased in 2022,with that of policy equity having the least downfall(0.07 points),followed by that of effi

242、ciency of government services(0.08 points);the scores of official integrity and intensity of policy implementation have decreased by 0.12 and 0.09 points respectively.(II)Highest evaluation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on policy and gov

243、ernment administration environment is received in the central region,at 4.43 points,4.454.444.464.524.384.364.374.384.404.32-0.09-0.07-0.08-0.12-0.05-0.14-0.12-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.004.204.254.304.354.404.454.504.55Intensity ofpolicyimplementationPolicy equityEfficiency ofgovernmentservicesOffi

244、cial integrity Predictabilityfigure2-3-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference 25 down 0.12 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.38 points,up 0.13 points from 2021;the eastern region has only given 4.28 points,down 0

245、.33 points from 2021.(III)Wholly foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while that of state-owned enterprises is lower Among different types of enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest rat

246、ings on policy and government administration environment(4.40 points),followed by private enterprises(4.37 points)and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises(4.34 points),while state-owned enterprises have given the lowest(4.30 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownershi

247、ps in 2022 have increased their ratings by 0.19 points,while private enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and state-owned enterprises have decreased their ratings by 0.07,0.12 and 0.20 points respectively.The greatest fall is seen in the rating of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative

248、enterprises,4.614.554.254.284.434.38-0.33-0.12 0.13-0.40-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.204.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-3-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Policy and Government Administration Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 26 down 0.26 p

249、oints.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,while negative ratings are given by multiple industries Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the policy and government administration environment,with 4.51 points,followed by the construction industry,with 4.48 poi

250、nts;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.33 points;the ratings of the service industry,other industries and traditional manufacturing industry are in the middle with 4.40,4.36 and 4.34 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings significantly

251、by 0.28 points in 2022,followed by the resource and service industries(whose ratings both have increased by 0.08 points);the 4.504.444.604.524.214.304.374.344.404.40-0.20-0.07-0.26-0.120.19-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprise

252、sSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-3-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference4.504.474.434.204.334.454.344.334.514.484.404.36-0.17-0.140.080.280.08-0.09-0.20-0.100.000

253、.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.60TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-3-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference 27 ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech

254、industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.17,0.14 and 0.09 points respectively.IV.Social Credit:Evaluation Ranked First,with High Evaluation on Social Credit Index The social credit environment index is sub-divided into three secondary indexes,i.e.,social credit,construction of credit system,a

255、nd construction of punishment and reward mechanism.In 2022,the surveyed enterprises rate the social credit environment as generally good(4.53 points),which ranks 1st among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on social credit,construction of punishment and reward mechanism to be strengthened Am

256、ong the secondary indexes,the score of social credit is the highest,at 4.53 points,followed by that of construction of credit system(4.52 points),both reaching the excellent level.Construction of punishment and reward mechanism is lowly rated at 4.47 points.Compared with 2021,the construction of cre

257、dit system has realized the greatest improvement(0.14 points)in 2022,followed by the construction of punishment and reward mechanism(0.11 points).The score of social credit has increased by 0.07 points.4.534.524.474.554.554.510.02 0.03 0.04 0.000.010.020.030.040.054.424.444.464.484.504.524.544.56 So

258、cial (government)creditConstruction of creditsystemConstruction ofpunishment andreward mechanismfigure2-4-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 28(II)Much increased rating in western region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highe

259、st rating on social credit environment is received in the central region,at 4.59 points,up 0.01 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.52 points,up 0.20 points from 2021;the rating of the eastern region is 4.50 points only,down 0.17 points from 2021.(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures a

260、nd cooperative enterprises have given highest ratings,while those of private enterprises are in the middle Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings on social credit environment(4.60 points),followed by enterprises of

261、other ownerships(4.58 points),wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.57 points),and state-owned enterprises(4.55 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.52 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.27 points,followed by privat

262、e enterprises,state-owned enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.02,0.01 and 0.01 points respectively).The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have gone down by 4.674.584.324.504.594.52-0.17 0.01 0.20-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.3

263、04.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.80Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-4-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Social Credit Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 29 0.05 points.(IV)The rating of the construction industry has improved significantly,while three industries have decr

264、eased theirs Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the social credit environment,with 4.65 points,followed by the resource and service industries with 4.62 and 4.57 points respectively;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.49 points;the ratings of the tradit

265、ional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.53 points and 4.51 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction and service industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.39 and 0.22 points in 2022,followed by the resource industry(whose rating has i

266、ncreased by 0.15 4.554.504.654.564.314.554.524.604.574.580.010.02-0.050.010.27-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-4-3 Evaluation of En

267、terprises of Different Ownerships on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference4.554.524.464.264.354.544.534.494.624.654.574.51-0.02-0.030.150.390.22-0.04-0.100.000.100.200.300.400.504.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-4-4 Evalu

268、ation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 30 points);the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.02,0.03 and 0.04 points respectively.V.Fair Competition:High Evaluation on Market Sup

269、ervision,Evaluations on Secondary Indexes Generally Improved The fair competition environment index is sub-divided into four secondary indexes,i.e.,market supervision,administrative monopoly governance,government procurement and market access.The surveyed enterprises have generally rated the fair co

270、mpetition environment as satisfactory,and with the score of 4.46 points,it ranks 5th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on market supervision,low evaluation on government procurement and administrative monopoly governance Among the secondary indexes,market supervision has scored the hig

271、hest,at 4.50 points,followed by market access at 4.48 points;the scores of government procurement and administrative monopoly governance are low,at 4.45 and 4.44 points respectively.Compared with 2021,government procurement and market access has realized the greatest improvement(0.03 points)in 2022,

272、followed by market supervision(0.02 points).The score of administrative monopoly 4.484.434.434.454.504.444.454.480.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.000.010.020.030.044.384.404.424.444.464.484.504.52 Market supervision AdministrativemonopolygovernanceGovernmentprocurementStrategic support formarket accessfigure 2

273、-5-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Fair Competition Environment20212022Difference 31 governance has increased slightly by 0.01 points.(II)High evaluation in central region,greatly improved evaluation in western region Among the regions,the highest rating on fair competition environment is rec

274、eived in the central region,at 4.53 points,down 0.01 points from 2021;the rating of the western region has improved the most by 0.19 points to 4.43 points;the rating of the eastern region is 4.42 points only,down 0.20 points from 2021.(III)Ratings of enterprises of other ownerships have increased th

275、e most,while those of state-owned and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have decreased Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings on fair competition environment(4.54 points),followed by enterprise

276、s of other ownerships(4.50 points),while state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have given the lowest(4.46 and 4.44 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of different ownerships have increased their ratings on fair competition environment in 2022.Enterprises of other ownerships in 2022 hav

277、e increased their ratings the most by 0.33 points,followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and 4.674.584.324.504.594.52-0.17 0.01 0.20-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.80Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-5-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Social Credit Environment

278、 in Different Regions20212022Difference 32 cooperative enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.13 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and private enterprises have increased by 0.06,0.02 and 0.01 points respectively.(IV)The ratings of the construction

279、 industry have increased significantly,while those of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry and other industries have declined Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the fair competition environment,with 4.60 points,followed by the construction and s

280、ervice industries with 4.56 and 4.48 points respectively;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.42 points;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.45 and 4.43 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction,service and resource

281、 industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.16,0.20 and 0.34 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.05,0.04 and 0.03 points respectively.4.554.504.654.564.314.554.524.604.574.580.010.02-0.050.010.

282、27-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-5-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Social Credit Environment20212022Differ

283、ence 33 VI.Rule of Law:High Evaluation on Legal Supervision and Administration by Law,High Ratings Given by Foreign-capital Enterprises The rule by law environment index is sub-divided into five secondary indexes,i.e.,legal supervision,law-based administration of government,courts and arbitration co

284、urts conclusion of cases on schedule,enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards,and intellectual property rights protection.In 2022,the surveyed enterprises rate rule by law environment as generally good(4.50 points),which ranks 3rd among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on legal

285、 supervision,declined ratings on most secondary indexes Among the secondary indexes,legal supervision has the highest score of 4.52 points,followed by law-based administration of government and intellectual property rights protection with 4.52 and 4.50 points;the scores of courts and arbitration cou

286、rts conclusion of cases on schedule and enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards are low,at 4.48 and 4.47 points respectively.4.554.524.464.264.354.544.534.494.624.654.574.51-0.02-0.030.150.390.22-0.04-0.100.000.100.200.300.400.504.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh

287、-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-5-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 34 Compared with 2021,the score of enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards has decreased the most(by 0.02 points),followed by those of law-bas

288、ed administration of government and courts and arbitration courts conclusion of cases on schedule(both by 0.01 points).The ratings on legal supervision and intellectual property rights protection remain the same as in 2021.(II)High evaluation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region A

289、mong the regions,the highest rating on rule by law environment is received in the central region,at 4.54 points;the rating of the western region is 4.49 points,in the middle;and the rating of the eastern region is 4.47 points only.Compared with 2021,the rating of the western region has increased by

290、0.16 points,that of the central region has decreased by 0.04 points,and 4.53 4.53 4.49 4.49 4.50 4.524.524.484.474.500.00-0.01-0.01-0.02 0.00-0.02-0.02-0.01-0.010.000.014.424.444.464.484.504.524.54Legal supervisionLaw-basedadministration ofgovernmentCourts and arbitration courts conclusion of cases

291、on scheduleEnforcement ofcourt judgmentsand arbitralawardsIntellectualproperty rightsprotectionfigure2-6-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Rule by Law Environment20212022Difference4.674.584.334.474.544.49-0.21-0.04 0.16-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.204.004.204.404.604.80Eastern regionCentral regionW

292、estern regionfigure2-6-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Rule by Law Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 35 that of the eastern region has decreased by 0.21 points.(III)Wholly foreign-owned enterprises have given higher ratings,while those of private enterprises are lower Among different

293、 types of enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises have given the highest ratings on rule by law environment(4.56 points),followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises(4.54 points)and enterprises of other ownerships(4.54 points),while private enterprises(4.49 points)state-o

294、wned enterprises(4.50 points)have given the lowest.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.29 points.The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises,state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enter

295、prises are have all fallen down by 0.13,0.06,0.02 and 0.01 points,respectively.(IV)The rating of the construction industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the rule by law environment,with 4.62 points,followed

296、by the resource and service industries with 4.59 and 4.53 points respectively;the high-tech 4.564.504.664.574.254.504.494.544.564.54-0.06-0.02-0.13-0.010.29-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.300.404.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand coo

297、perativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-6-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Rule by Law Environment20212022Difference 36 industry has the lowest,with 4.44 points;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.51 a

298、nd 4.45 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings the most by 0.30 points respectively in 2022,followed by the service and resource industries(whose ratings have increased by 0.17 and 0.09 points respectively).The ratings of other industries,the hig

299、h-tech industry and traditional manufacturing industry have all declined by 0.08,0.07 and 0.04 points,respectively.VII.Technological Innovation:Similar Evaluation on secondary Indexes,Evaluation on State-Owned Enterprises Increased Most The technological innovation environment index is sub-divided i

300、nto five secondary indexes,i.e.,implementation of R&D tax credit policy,intellectual property collateralization,industry-university-research combination,business incubation service,and public service platform construction.In 2022,technological innovation environment is given a score of 4.45 points,r

301、anking 6th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Close evaluations on secondary indexes,implementation of R&D tax credit policy highly rated The scores of the five secondary indexes of technological innovation environment are close.Among them,the score of implementations of R&D tax credit policy is the hi

302、ghest,at 4.47 points,followed by that of public 4.554.524.514.324.374.544.514.444.594.624.534.45-0.04-0.070.090.300.17-0.08-0.200.000.200.404.004.204.404.604.80TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-6-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Rule by

303、Law Environment20212022Difference 37 service platform construction(4.46 points);the scores of intellectual property collateralization and industry-university-research combination are slightly lower,at 4.45 and 4.44 points,respectively.Compared with 2021,the ratings on industry-university-research co

304、mbination and public service platform construction in 2022 has increased the most,both by 0.03 points,followed by those of business incubation service(by 0.02 points)and intellectual property collateralization(by 0.01 points).The score of implementations of R&D tax credit policy remains the same as

305、that in 2021.(II)Evaluation in western region improved greatly,declined evaluation in eastern and central regions Among the regions,the highest rating on technological innovation is received in the central region,at 4.50 points;the rating of the western region is lower at 4.44 points;and the rating

306、of the eastern region has declined,at 4.42 points only.Compared with 2021,the rating of the western region has increased by 0.20 points,that of the central region has decreased by 0.03 points,and 4.474.444.414.414.444.474.454.444.434.460.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.000.010.010.020.020.030.030.044.384.4

307、04.424.444.464.48Implementationsof R&D tax creditpolicyIntellectualpropertycollateralizationIndustry-university-researchcombinationBusinessincubationservicePublic serviceplatformconstructionfigure 2-7-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference 38 th

308、at of the eastern region has decreased by 0.19 points.(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings,while those of other ownerships are low Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highes

309、t ratings on technological innovation environment(4.58 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.52 points),enterprises of other ownerships(4.49 points),and state-owned enterprises(4.47 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.44 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises o

310、f other ownerships in 2022 have increased their ratings the most by 0.30 points,followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.05 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and 4.614.534.234.424.504.44-0.19-0.03 0.20-0.30-0.20-0.100

311、.000.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-7-2 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference4.484.434.594.464.194.474.444.584.524.49-0.020.00-0.010.050.30-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.353.904.00

312、4.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-owned andstate-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-7-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference 39 cooperative enterpris

313、es have decreased by 0.02 and 0.01 points respectively.The ratings of private enterprises are the same as those in 2021.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,while ratings of three industries have declined Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the technologic

314、al innovation environment,with 4.58 points,followed by the construction,service,and traditional manufacturing industries with 4.56,4.48 and 4.46 points respectively;the high-tech industry and other industries have given lower ratings,with 4.44 and 4.40 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the cons

315、truction,service and resource industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.33,0.20 and 0.16 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have declined by 0.03,0.02 and 0.06 points respectively.VIII.Human Resources:Evaluati

316、on Ranked Last,Low Evaluation on Availability of Specialized Talents The human resources environment index is sub-divided into four secondary indexes,i.e.,availability of skilled labor,availability of middle and senior managers,availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and availability

317、of specialized talents.In 2022,human resource 4.484.464.424.224.284.464.464.444.584.564.484.40-0.03-0.020.160.330.20-0.06-0.200.000.200.404.004.204.404.604.80TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-7-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Technologi

318、cal Innovation Environment20212022Difference 40 environment ranks the last among the 12 primary indexes,with only 4.06 points.(I)High evaluation on availability of skilled labor,low evaluation on availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents Among the secondary indexes,availability of skill

319、ed labor has the highest score of 4.12 points,followed by availability of middle and senior managers and availability of specialized talents,with 4.08 and 4.06 points,while the rating on availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents is the lowest,at 4.01 points only.Compared with 2021,the a

320、vailability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents has improved the most(by 0.04 points)in 2022;the availability of middle and senior managers and specialized talents have improved to some extent(by 0.03 and 0.02 points);and the availability of skilled labor has improved slightly(by 0.01 points).

321、According to the surveyed enterprises,in 2022,labor costs account for 26.75%of the total costs,up 0.48%from 2021,and the average annual increase in labor costs is 9.46%,up 1.46%from 2021.(II)Evaluation improved significantly in western region,lowest evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the

322、 highest rating on human resources 4.114.044.043.974.124.084.064.010.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.000.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.043.903.954.004.054.104.15Availability of skilledlaborAvailability ofmiddle and seniormanagersAvailability ofspecialized talentsAvailability ofinnovative andentrepreneurialtalents

323、figure 2-8-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Human Resources Environment20212022Difference 41 environment is received in the western region,at 4.09 points,up 0.18 points from 2021;the rating of the central region is 4.08 points,down 0.03 points from 2021;and enterprises in the eastern region ha

324、ve only given 4.00 points,down 0.15 points from 2021.(III)Enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while those of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises are lower Among different types of enterprises,enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest ratings on

325、fair competition environment(4.18 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.12 points),while Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the lowest(4.03 points only).The ratings of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are in the middle level,at 4.09 and

326、 4.05 points respectively.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.16 points,followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises and private enterprises(whose ratings both have increased by 0.06 and 0.02 points).The ratings of stat

327、e-owned enterprises have gone down by 0.08 points.The ratings of wholly foreign-4.154.123.924.004.084.09-0.15-0.03 0.18-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.803.904.004.104.20Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-8-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Human Resources Environment in Different Regions2021202

328、2Difference 42 owned enterprises remain the same as in 2021.(IV)The rating of the construction industry is highest,and that of the high-tech industry is lowest Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the human resources environment,with 4.24 points,followed by the re

329、source industry,with 4.22 points;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 3.90 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.15,4.03 and 4.07 points respectively.4.174.023.974.124.024.094.054.034.124.18-0.080.020.060.000

330、.16-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.203.853.903.954.004.054.104.154.20State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-8-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Human Resources Environment20212022Differe

331、nce3.973.944.263.914.044.164.033.904.224.244.154.070.06-0.04-0.040.330.11-0.09-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.300.403.703.803.904.004.104.204.30TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-8-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Human Resources Environment20212

332、022Difference 43 Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings the most,by 0.33 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing and service industries have improved slightly,by 0.06 and 0.11 points respectively;and the ratings of the high-tech industry,other in

333、dustries and resource industry have declined by 0.04,0.04 and 0.09 points respectively.IX.Financial Service:Second-To-Last Index,Annual Increase of Financing Costs Decreased The financial service environment index is sub-divided into two secondary indexes,i.e.,financing convenience and diversity of financing channels.In 2022,the overall evaluation on the financial service environment by the survey