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1、TECHNOLOGYTRENDSTExploring the Future of Maritime Innovation TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.2INNOVATION OUTLOOK.6VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY .8ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .10VIRTUAL ASSET:DIGITAL TWINS.12AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONS:MODELING AND SIMULATION .14AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONS .16ASSET PERFORMANCE:GENERATIV
2、E DESIGN .18MATERIALS:ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING .20GREEN ECOSYSTEM AND THE BLUE ECONOMY.22CARBON CAPTURE,UTILIZATION AND STORAGE .24ELECTRIFICATION .26ALTERNATIVE FUELS:HYDROGEN .28ALTERNATIVE ENERGY:NUCLEAR POWER.30FACING CHALLENGES TOGETHER .32THE MARITIME INDUSTRY is no stranger to innovation,but li
3、ke much else in shipping,the process is cyclical.New ideas and approaches tend to come in waves rather than in a steady stream,often driven by external forces like global conflict,transitions in energy patterns and the global sustainability movement.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYABS has earned its pedigree of de
4、veloping ground-breaking technologies that have supported the maritime industry.We have recognized for some time that the next wave of innovation is coming,and we need to be ahead of it.To that end,we have built a technology foundation to innovate in a new digital landscape across industry sectors a
5、nd processes,to equip the marine and offshore industries for important challenges as they transition into digitalized operations on a sustainable trajectory to net-zero carbon.This has involved adopting techniques from other industries like aerospace and automotive,such as product life-cycle managem
6、ent databases,natural language processing(NLP)and multi-physics modeling and simulation.Today,we are ready to leverage our recent transformations to enable the industry to adopt a new level of technology that is more familiar to Silicon Valley.Technologies like digital twins,augmented reality(AR),au
7、tonomy and artificial intelligence(AI)are changing maritime and must be added to our Rules,standards and the service infrastructure for which we are known.As we evaluate the role these advanced technologies could potentially play in the industry and how we can support their implementation,we recogni
8、ze that they fit into three key areas that reflect broader industry trends.The areas of digitalization,applied research and the clean energy transition encompass several technologies poised to revolutionize marine and offshore industries.DIGITALIZATIONVisualization New visualization technologies lik
9、e AR and mixed reality(MR)are advancing rapidly.These technologies are no longer reserved for arcades or home video game systems.They have the potential to provide users with realistic virtual representations of assets that can play an essential role in training and inspection.Combined with advanced
10、 sensor information,visualization technology could provide a user with real-time and historic information for a vessel or offshore asset,possibly aiding in future autonomous or remote-control functions.AI AI has long existed in science fiction stories,but the technology is quickly becoming a part of
11、 everyday life both onshore and at sea.The continued evolution and maturity of AI and machine learning(ML)will transform how data is structured,used and optimized in applications throughout an assets life cycle.Advances in AI and ML can support the development of sophisticated digital twin models an
12、d could eventually enable effective condition-based maintenance.Autonomous Functions Autonomous functions offer the potential to enhance safety on board marine vessels or offshore assets by reducing human involvement in high-risk operations.The technology could initially assist in repetitive or dang
13、erous tasks but could eventually scale to be used on board fully autonomous assets.Autonomous functions could play a more significant role in maritime as increasingly complex asset systems are employed,cloud and edge computing power increases,and advanced sensors and ship connectivity improve.Seabor
14、g2ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime Innovationcould also be used in the small-scale production of green alternative fuels for powering various systems.Use of advanced ESS is expected to see increased use on board marine vessels and offshore assets as we approach 2050.Alternative
15、Energy Advances in alternative energy systems,such as fuel cells,hybrid systems and nuclear power,will be pivotal to the goal of complete decarbonization of the global fleet.As international regulations evolve and advanced reactor development matures,nuclear power has exciting potential for providin
16、g maritime industries with a zero-emission energy source.Ongoing development in new types of reactors aims to commercialize nuclear reactors in relatively small,plug-and-play platforms,providing assets with energy for years before refueling.OTHER AREAS explored in this document include developments
17、in digital twins,modeling and simulation,generative design,alternative fuels,green ecosystems and the blue economy.These technologies represent significant industry paradigm shifts:future fuels and energy sources,approaches to design and construction that reflect digital processes,software that empo
18、wers people and analysis that feeds back into the design and production phases.These shifts demand we approach them with a fresh mindset and new tools,prompting us to elevate to a new performance level and leverage new technologies.As we move into the future,we recognize that we need to adapt to mee
19、t these growing challenges and build upon the learning,standards and continuous improvement were known for.Critical to this mission is keeping the human element front of mind,even as automation,AI and autonomous functions gain prevalence in our industry.These technologies have the potential to provi
20、de myriad data about the real-time status of an asset,but the human factor will likely remain a key part of the decision-making process for the foreseeable future.Therefore,training humans for the safe and effective implementation of these technologies remains essential.The human element is not dimi
21、nished by new technology;instead,it is brought into sharper focus.ABS has always been a learning organization and one that has supported the industry in adopting new technologies safely a commitment at the core of what we do.As we move into the new digitalization era,the people at ABS and within the
22、 industry are enabling this transformation and supporting the implementation of advanced technologies.We set forth the roadmap of how we propose addressing the industrys urgent needs and showing the leadership it expects.In leveraging technologies from other sectors while applying core commercial te
23、chnologies like cybersecurity and streaming video,we can see what is possible for shipping and offshore and work to deliver it.Through close collaboration with industry partners and leaders,we are pleased to offer this glimpse into the technology trends of the future.APPLIED RESEARCHMaterials Increa
24、singly complex and efficient assets necessitate advanced materials and more efficient manufacturing approaches.Additive manufacturing(AM)is the process of fusing physical materials to make objects from digital models,potentially limiting the waste associated with subtractive manufacturing.New fit-fo
25、r-purpose materials,such as graphene,carbon nanotubes and nanostructure-based coatings,could become prominent in enabling greater control over properties of additive manufactured parts compared to traditional cast parts.Ceramics,corrosion-reducing materials and other special-use materials could also
26、 be important for the future of marine equipment and assets.CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITIONCarbon Capture The journey to net-zero emissions by 2050 will require a combination of solutions.Carbon capture has the potential to be an essential centerpiece in the global energy transition puzzle,enabling the cont
27、inued use of hydrocarbons while the production of other low-emission fuels scales to meet industry needs.Carbon capture is a process that aids in reducing emissions by capturing carbon dioxide(CO2)from point sources,such as engine exhaust.It can also capture emissions during the carbon-intensive pro
28、duction of alternative fuels,such as blue ammonia or hydrogen.This could enable the use of such fuels,either for propulsion or other energy needs,while lessening the environmental impact of their production.In addition,CO2 carriers will be needed to transport captured CO2 either to storage facilitie
29、s or commercial utilization and could be a key part of the new carbon economy.Electrification Increased electrification via advanced energy storage systems(ESS)will also serve an essential role in the path to decarbonization.ESS such as batteries,kinetic ESS or supercapacitors offer broad applicatio
30、n potential.They could be used in a hybrid arrangement,improving the efficiency of hydrocarbon-burning vessels.ESS 4ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationALTERNATIVE ENERGY|Widespread Adoption of Alternative Power Increased prevalence of hydrogen fuel cells,hybrid systems a
31、nd nuclear energy Improved efficient power generation technology from alternative energy sources Safe and sustainable byproduct waste managementALTERNATIVE FUELS|Alternative Fuels Generation and Adoption at Scale Global adoption of low-and zero-carbon fuels Scaled up zero-carbon fuel generation and
32、distribution New efficient zero-carbon fuel enginesELECTRIFICATION|Mature Green Electrification Infrastructure Expansion of electrification infrastructure Improved storage for short haul and deep-sea use Enlargement of distribution substation networkCARBON CAPTURE|Mature Carbon Capture Value Chain G
33、lobal adoption of carbon capture technologies Increased reach of carbon capture transport network Expansion of storage infrastructureGREEN ECOSYSTEM|Green Maritime Ecosystem Green trending for manufacturers,shipyards and ports Certified green ships and operators Green labeled ship cargoBLUE ECONOMY|
34、Carbon Neutral Blue Economy Increased installation of blue technologies:space ports,aquafarms and wave energy generators Continued development of offshore charging substations infrastructure Floating offshore windfarms at scaleVISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES|Virtual Immersive Ship Models Global adoption
35、of augmented and virtual reality inspection tools Personnel training through immersive simulators Remote control through visualization technologiesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE|Self-aware and Correcting Systems Technological advancements and adoption of self-diagnostics and self-repair Global application
36、of quantum computing Increased presence of autonomous botsVIRTUAL ASSETS|Fleet Level Control via Digital Twins Transition to fleet level virtual asset Global adoption of model-based systems engineering standards Improved cloud and edge computingAUTONOMOUS OPERATIONS|Connected Unmanned Autonomous Ves
37、sels Increased use of autonomous functions Real-time decision support through advanced SIM-based analysis Diversification of seafarer knowledge,skills and ability Enhanced broadband coverage,speed and cybersecurity Increased complexity of autonomous functionsVESSEL PERFORMANCE|Real Time Fleet Perfor
38、mance Optimization Wide-spread adoption of energy saving devices to maximize vessel performance Enhanced high fidelity performance optimization at the vessel system level Higher fidelity analysis enabled by generative designMATERIALS|Application of Advanced Materials and Processes Application of onb
39、oard additive manufacturing for repair and part replacement Serialized additive manufacturing through blockchain Adoption of lower cost/fit for purpose materials New self-healing materialsIINNOVATION OUTLOOK20252030204020CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION APPLIED RESEARCHVISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIESARTIFICIAL IN
40、TELLIGENCEVIRTUAL ASSETSAUTONOMOUS OPERATIONSMATERIALSBLUE ECONOMYALTERNATIVE ENERGYGREEN ECOSYSTEMCARBON CAPTUREALTERNATIVE FUELSELECTRIFICATIONCarbon neutral blue economyGreen maritime ecosystemMature carbon capture value chainMature green electrification infrastructureDiversified Use of Ocean Spa
41、ceOfshore spaceports and recovery vesselsWindfarmsAquafarmsWave energy conversionOfshore Infrastructure to Support Blue EconomyFloating windfarms at scaleBuild out of charging substations infrastructureGreen Vessel TrendingVessel design and constructionVessel operationGreen InfrastructureGreen port
42、operationsIncreased adoption of green corridorsGreen cargo managementResearch and Early AdoptionCommercialization of amine-based technologyOnsite/onboard portable carbon capture unitsDirect air carbon captureTechnology and InfrastructureUtilization of solid pelletsStorage in empty oil or gas reservo
43、irs,natural cavernsUtilization for Short HaulOnsite/onboard energy storage Port and ofshore buoy charging stationsLithium-ion batteriesNon-lithium-ion batteriesCeramic batteriesLimited Deep-Sea ShippingCharging infrastructureImproved onsite/onboard storageTesting and Early Adoption of Alternative Fu
44、els Ammonia Methanol Biofuels HydrogenAlternative fuels generation and adoption at scaleScalingReduced carbon emissions managed through use of alternative fuels and carbon captureDominant zero-carbon fuel generationWidespread adoption of alternative powerInvestigation/Early Adoption of Alternative E
45、nergy Sources Hydrogen fuel cells Hybrid systems NuclearContinuedAdoptionHydrogen hubModular nuclear reactors20252030502040DIGITALIZATION APPLIED RESEARCHVISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIESARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEVIRTUAL ASSETSAUTONOMOUS OPERATIONSMATERIALSVESSEL PERFORMANCEReal-time fleet performance optimiz
46、ationApplication of advanced materials and processesCarbon neutral blue economyGreen maritime ecosystemMature carbon capture value chainMature green electrification infrastructureConnected unmannedautonomous vesselsIncreased ShipConnectivityComplex autonomous functionsReduced manningSeafarer knowled
47、ge,skills and ability transitionShip Connectivity InfrastructureSmart and autonomous functionsIncreased support activity with low orbit satellites Vessel System Level Performance OptimizationFast solvers for high-fidelity modelsAdvanced SIM-based decision-makingComponent Level Performance Optimizati
48、onMultiphysics/multi-domain optimization Virtual testing and commissioningSelf-aware and cognitive systemsSelf-learning System Robotics Human-level NLP Autonomous bot Self-correcting systems Quantum computingMonitoring with Machine Learning(ML)ML for edge computationConversation natural language pro
49、cessing (NLP)Virtual immersive ship modelsRemote Inspection and Dashboards3D scanningVirtual training simulatorsDrone inspectionImproved Visualization ToolsHigh-fidelity virtual simulators with AI-generated scenariosInspections with edge computingSelf LearningDigital Twins Data-seeking Environmental
50、ly aware Control of physical asset Self-replicating digital twinsFleet level control via interconnected digital twins Realtime Vessel Monitoring Voyage planning and optimization Day-to-day operational decision support Enhanced reliability,availability,maintainability and safety(RAMS)New Materials Ma
51、nufacturing MethodsOnsite additive manufacturing for non-critical parts High magnesium steelNew Materials and ApplicationsOnsite additive manufacturing for spare partsLower cost/fit for purpose materialsSelf-healing materialsDiversified Use of Ocean SpaceOfshore spaceports and recovery vesselsWindfa
52、rmsAquafarmsWave energy conversionOfshore Infrastructure to Support Blue EconomyFloating windfarms at scaleBuild out of charging substations infrastructureGreen Vessel TrendingVessel design and constructionVessel operationGreen InfrastructureGreen port operationsIncreased adoption of green corridors
53、Green cargo managementResearch and Early AdoptionCommercialization of amine-based technologyOnsite/onboard portable carbon capture unitsDirect air carbon captureTechnology and InfrastructureUtilization of solid pelletsStorage in empty oil or gas reservoirs,natural cavernsUtilization for Short HaulOn
54、site/onboard energy storage Port and ofshore buoy charging stationsLithium-ion batteriesNon-lithium-ion batteriesCeramic batteriesLimited Deep-Sea ShippingCharging infrastructureImproved onsite/onboard storageTesting and Early Adoption of Alternative Fuels Ammonia Methanol Biofuels HydrogenAlternati
55、ve fuels generation and adoption at scaleScalingReduced carbon emissions managed through use of alternative fuels and carbon captureDominant zero-carbon fuel generationWidespread adoption of alternative powerInvestigation/Early Adoption of Alternative Energy Sources Hydrogen fuel cells Hybrid system
56、s NuclearContinuedAdoptionHydrogen hubModular nuclear reactors2050 GOALSCLEAN ENERGY TRANSITIONFully transparent energy consumption and carbon footprint Adoption of zero-carbon fuels at scale Full electrification of inland,short haul Partial electrification of deep-sea shipping Mature carbon capture
57、 value chainDIGITALIZATIONControl of connected vessels at fleet via digital twins Data management Connected system models Virtual/real tie ins (visualization technologies)AI-enabled self-correcting systems Virtual immersive ship modelsAPPLIED RESEARCHComplex integrated energy management systems New
58、materials and processes Improved ship connectivity Increased application of autonomous functions Real time performance optimization Fully integrated green ecosystem Expanded blue economySustaining Innovation for a Net-Zero Carbon Environment Enabled by a Digital Ecosystem6ABS Technology TrendsExplor
59、ing the Future of Maritime InnovationVChanging Human-Asset Interactions and TrainingWHEN WORKFORCES shifted to remote operations during the COVID-19 pandemic,it changed how people think about performing and visualizing tasks.Whether because of social distancing measures,on-site safety risks or other
60、 unique preclusions,its not always practical for a person to be in a particular setting.Even if they can be on-site,their access to physical information about a system might be limited.Virtual reality(VR),AR and mixed reality(MR)technologies offer new ways to visualize various operational tasks eith
61、er on-site or remotely.These visualization technologies have the potential to support a variety of areas,including training,maintenance and remote-control functions as the technologies advance.VR and AR are relatively mature and limited in scope,presenting users with visual content through wearables
62、 like head-mounted displays(HMD)or using hand-held devices such as tablets,laptops or smartphones.However,changing social norms impacting remote work and recent advances in connectivity,computational power and battery capacity introduce new applications for VR,AR and MR.VISUALIZATIONTECHNOLOGIESADVA
63、NCED VISUALIZATION technology is poised to completely change how humans learn about and interact with an assets systems.Technological improvements in visualization technologies can improve operations efficiency on board marine vessels or offshore assets.MR blends virtual and physical worlds and allo
64、ws users to interact directly with virtual environments.This offers substantial potential to support education and training with interactive experiences when there is limited or no access to the physical environment.An example use case for MR training would be experiencing dangerous situations on bo
65、ard an offshore asset or a vessel at sea.MR technology can replicate and produce a user experience such as a fire or catastrophic component failure without impacting facility operations or production for training purposes.Routine tasks like physical interactions with safety equipment or learning cru
66、cial steps for reducing risk can be simulated or visualized before setting foot on a real-world asset where hazards are present.VR,AR and MR could work with edge computing and digital twins to provide visual information for systems that cannot be perceived directly,such as the inner workings of an o
67、perating pump.This information could provide an in-depth understanding of a system and be used for operational decision-making,like condition-based maintenance.As visualization technology advances alongside other areas of digitalization,it could play an essential role in the implementation of autono
68、mous and remote-control systems.An entire virtual crew could access a vessel remotely and manage or monitor various functions.When vessels become fully autonomous,a single person could virtually connect to a digital twin and manage the entire system.Advances in multisensory visualization technologie
69、s,which incorporates other senses like touch,could open the technology to even more applications.A haptic suit could be combined with other visualization technology to provide crucial physical feedback during particular tasks,such as piloting a subsea remote-operated vehicle.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREA
70、DVANCEMENTS TO WATCHMR for TrainingDigital Twin MetaverseHaptic ApplicationsDigital Twin Metaverse.The digital twin metaverse connects various digital twins,AI and advanced simulations to optimize decision-making across all assets.Visualization technologies,such as AR,VR and MR,can enable a fully im
71、mersive experience for users in the digital twin metaverse.Haptic Applications.A haptic suit can be used to provide the user with physical touch feedback based on their interactions with the virtual environment.Haptic feedback could potentially be useful in training scenarios or operating remote veh
72、icles or vessels.8ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationABringing Science Fiction into RealityARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEHOLLYWOOD CONCEPT ARTIST Syd Mead wrote in his autobiography,“science fiction is reality ahead of schedule.”While AI was long a cornerstone of science fiction
73、 stories with depictions ranging from self-flying cars to robot armies the reality of AI is rapidly catching up to the stories and finding its way into everyday life.Broadly speaking,AI is the ability of a computer to make rational,human-like decisions in dynamic situations.Self-driving cars,robotic
74、 systems and speech recognition in smartphones might make the headlines,but the foundation of these AI advances is data analytics and automated decision-making.ML and NLP are already serving important data analysis roles in several industries,including medical,agronomy,inventory management,finance a
75、nd more.As computational power and vessel connectivity increase,AI will play an expanding role in how marine vessels and offshore assets are managed,repaired and operated.ML HAS THE POTENTIAL to serve as the backbone of AI implementation in the marine and offshore industries.Powered by ML systems,NL
76、P and machinery monitoring and analysis can perform essential functions on connected vessels and offshore assets.Automated decision-making systems are derived from ML,which uses data to discover patterns and relationships and adapt as patterns evolve.NLP enables conversational human-computer interac
77、tions or even human-to-human interactions in the case of language differences by processing information from a broad or relatively finite knowledge base.AI-based machinery analysis and monitoring systems directly monitor assets for potential issues.As various technological systems grow and the imple
78、mentation of AI increases,AI has the potential to impact several areas of operations on board vessels or offshore assets.Machinery analysis and monitoring which combines ML with modeling and simulation on cloud and edge computing systems can be used to analyze data from mechanical systems in real-ti
79、me to help predict maintenance and repair needs and produce diagnostic analysis to identify root issues.This could eventually lead to the performance of maintenance and repair processes without the need for human interaction.Performing condition-based maintenance rather than calendar-based maintenan
80、ce has the potential to improve uptime,increase overall efficiency and reduce costs.Self-diagnosis and self-maintenance could further increase the uptime of assets,though these capabilities are more likely to be possible in the distant future.AI-derived autonomous systems could revolutionize the ope
81、ration of vessels,especially during long transits.For example,a fleet of autonomous vessels could travel together in wake-reducing formations to increase energy efficiency.Traveling in a tight formation would be possible because connected AI systems can make decisions much faster than humans,thereby
82、 reducing risk.Marinized robotics could take direction from human crewmembers and perform various high-risk tasks on board vessels.In extreme cases,a vessel or offshore asset could be fully autonomous and crewed entirely by robots that could replace parts using simulation-driven condition-based main
83、tenance.The parts could be printed on demand using additive manufacturing machines.No matter to what degree vessels and assets become autonomous,AI will likely play a pivotal role in the increasing digitalization of marine assets.From personnel communications to preventative maintenance,AI-based dec
84、ision-making can be critical to broadly improving efficiency and reducing risk.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREA demonstration of Sea Machines Artificial Intelligence Recognition and Identification System(AI RIS)that improves vessel safety and is critical for autonomous command and control systems.Sea Machin
85、es.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHManaging Risks of AI.As AI becomes more prevalent and is applied to more complex systems,there are growing societal and industrial concerns about AIs ability to remain lawful and ethical.Trustworthy AI*is a term to describe a technically robust AI at its fullest potential tha
86、t acts lawfully and ethically while accounting for its social environment.The High-Level Expert Group on AI published the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in 2019,setting seven key requirements that AI systems must meet to be deemed trustworthy.These include human oversight,
87、technical robustness and safety,privacy and data governance,transparency,fairness,societal and environmental well-being and accountability.AI-based Health MonitoringSelf-aware and Self-maintaining SystemsCognitive ComputingABS My Digital FleetsTM coating assessment platform uses AI to scan visual da
88、ta and report on a vessels condition.*Trustworthy AI in this publication refers to AI that acts lawfully and ethically,not the company named Trustworthy AI.10ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationDAGGREGATECREATEANALYZECOMMUNICATEACTINSIGHTANALYTICSDATASENSORSSYSTEMSINTEGRA
89、TIONAsset Scale ModelsComponentScale ModelsSingle Physics ModelsDataThe Keystone of the Digitalization PuzzleDIGITALTWINSVIRTUAL ASSET:DIGITALIZATION is a web of interconnected technologies enabling each other to improve efficiency,reduce risk,and enhance the safety of marine fleets and offshore ass
90、et operations.Digital twins,also known as virtual assets,will serve as a vital centerpiece of the broader digitalization puzzle.A digital twin mirrors a physical asset and its environment using a virtual representation continuously updated by sensors,providing real-world data in real time.Twins can
91、range in scope to include individual machinery components,systems or systems of systems,such as an entire vessel or offshore asset.The digital twin analyzes real-world data to provide simulation-driven decision support for the system.The accuracy,complexity and sophistication of a digital twin can v
92、ary depending on its targeted outcome.For example,an offshore asset could use a twin for monitoring structural health and improving remaining life.An ultra-large container carrier could employ a digital twin to provide insights on day-to-day operations,such as speed or course changes to optimize fue
93、l consumption and emissions.THE GROWTH of connectivity infrastructure,sensor capabilities,cloud and edge computing power and AI systems are combining to drive the evolution of digital twins.As digital twins become more pervasive and reliable,they will play an ever-increasing role in maritime operati
94、ons.The more variables a digital twin can account for,enabled by the various digitalization areas,the clearer the picture it will have of the real-world vessel or offshore asset.Initially,real-time monitoring will support human-level decision-making,such as voyage optimization,fuel management,mainte
95、nance timing and decisions regarding remaining life.In time,digital twin systems are expected to reach self-learning and self-awareness benchmarks that will serve as essential foundations for fully autonomous functions.As digital twin technology advances alongside improvements in connectivity,comput
96、ational power and machine learning,twins will be capable of proactively seeking relevant data from potential inputs,such as sensors,drones or video systems.The twin will decide which inputs offer the most useful data for a given situation and continuously update its own model.An advanced twin could
97、also gain enough awareness to model its own environment and account for possible outside variables during decision-making.Digital twins will continuously find ways to improve decision-making capabilities,progressively gaining self-awareness.Key steps will include self-replication for multi-physics,m
98、ulti-data model simulations and communicating with other digital twins and Internet of Things(IoT)systems to gather even more data.As digital twin technology advances and achieves elements of cognition,such as perception,comprehension,memory,reasoning,prediction,reaction and problem-solving,it has t
99、he potential to enable fully autonomous functions with zero human input making optimal data-based decisions for the asset in various situations.A vessel-based digital twin could eventually connect with twins across industries to integrate with cargo and port operations,transportation logistics and c
100、ommercial operations to enable more efficient global commerce.As owners become more open to allowing their twins to communicate with other twins,they could then begin to work together as a single interconnected entity,like a swarm,with each one subtly influencing others to predict behavior for the e
101、ntire swarm and optimize the whole system.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHSwarm digital twins are made up of hundreds of digital twins acting as a single,interconnected entity.As twin technology advances,the behavior of each digital twin in a swarm could subtly influence its neighboring
102、twins to potentially enable predictions about the collective behavior of the entire swarm.A possible use case is autonomous tugs working together to tow a vessel.Self-Replicating Digital TwinsSwarm Digital Twins12ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationMConnecting Decision-Ma
103、king to Cloud and Edge ComputingMODELING ANDSIMULATIONAUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONS:MODELING AND SIMULATION is the practice of using a physics-based,virtual representation of a physical system or process such as an individual component,electro-mechanical system or vessel system-of-systems to make data-driven
104、 decisions or predictions about the performance and behavior of the system.Virtual models can be robustly analyzed,configured and tested in a safe and cost-effective way compared to live tests on the real system.Performing simulations on complex models can require substantial computing power,which h
105、as limited its accessibility and uses in the past.Moving the process to cloud computing systems reduces the need for expensive on-site servers,while edge systems provide improved latency ideal for real-time monitoring and processing of data.Improving asset connectivity will serve as a crucial founda
106、tion for expanding the use of cloud and edge systems at sea.Providing assets with reliable,fast and high-bandwidth communication options is mission-critical to enabling simulation-based decision-making.SHIP DESIGN and engineering are undergoing a critical paradigm change in this decade.Between decar
107、bonization and digitalization,vessels and offshore assets will increasingly become a system of systems.In the design and engineering process,the designer must take a holistic full life-cycle view of the asset.While modeling and simulation offers a significant step in improving engineering and design
108、 processes,the rapid concurrent growth of maritime asset connectivity,cloud computing accessibility and edge computing power represent a leap forward beyond the design phase,bringing simulation-based decision-making to real-time situations.Cloud technology allows the modeling and simulation to be pe
109、rformed at greater scale,complexity and speed.When fed with operational data,models can be fine-tuned to reflect real-life conditions.Modeling and simulation in the cloud serve as the central knowledge base for producing more advanced algorithms and models,which are then pushed to edge devices throu
110、gh reduced-order modeling.These reduced-order models,trained by the corresponding simulation models,can continuously analyze and optimize data from sensors on a system.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREEvolving communications technologies such as low earth orbit(LEO)satellites,high altitude platform stations(H
111、APS),and wireless optical systems will be essential to providing the level of connectivity needed between cloud and edge systems.On board an offshore asset or marine vessel,edge systems could be used to discover inefficiencies or even predict system failures before they happen.Early detection of a p
112、ossible problem could help to reduce the chances of a catastrophic failure,saving excess costs and downtime.In the coming years,modeling and simulations enabled by the growth of cloud and edge technologies and increased asset connectivity will evolve to form a crucial part of the knowledge base for
113、digital twins,which are detailed elsewhere in this publication.These systems have the potential to combine with artificial intelligence to support decision-making,leading to previously unrealized operational efficiencies and improved safety.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHLEO Satellites.A constellation of LEO
114、satellites could be used to provide high-bandwidth communication coverage to ships and offshore assets at sea.This level of connectivity would be important to implementing real-time modeling and simulation on cloud and edge computing systems and other autonomous functions.LEO SatellitesCloud and Edg
115、e Computing Systems1D multi-physics multi-domain simulation of a vessel hybrid propulsion system.Finite element stress analysis load case for external pressure on hull side shell.14ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationAAUTONOMOUSFUNCTIONSChanging the Face of Vessel Operati
116、onsAUTONOMOUS technology allows computers or machines to perform each of the four steps in the operational decision loop consisting of monitoring,analysis,decision and action without the need for human intervention.This technology possesses elements of machine intelligence,capable of deciding to tak
117、e an action free from external control or influence.It could be used to perform a variety of tasks on board marine vessels or offshore assets.Remote control functions allow the system or operation being monitored to be controlled remotely by a human operator physically located in another vessel or i
118、n an onshore control station.This technology could initially serve as a bridge to fully autonomous functions but could also act as human-based monitoring or backup for autonomous systems.As with many aspects of digitalization,the advancement of autonomous and remote-control functions relies on impro
119、vements to a complex web of technologies,including connectivity,sensors and imaging technology,data management and analytics and machine learning and AI tools.THE IMPLEMENTATION of autonomous and remote-control functions offers several benefits to the industry.The technology has the potential to enh
120、ance safety by reducing human involvement in high-risk operations.Initially,autonomous technology could be used to assist in repetitive or dangerous tasks,freeing a seafarer to focus on the overall health and performance of the entire system.As the technology matures and the industry gains more oper
121、ational experience,more functions and tasks could be carried out autonomously.While the technology could lower operational expenses related to crew numbers,it could also help attract new talent to the maritime workforce as roles shift to monitoring and controlling systems remotely.The expanding use
122、of autonomous and remote-control functions also has the potential to usher in a paradigm shift for vessel and offshore asset design.As human crew roles are altered or reduced,designs could be optimized to allocate more space and resources to the primary objective and less space to human habitability
123、.Possible technological advancements in digitalization and sustainability can offer a radical portrait of future global fleets.A fully autonomous vessel,powered by marinized battery systems,could operate continuously within a global network of autonomous shipping routes for dozens of years with mini
124、mal human interaction.Autonomous vessels connected with each other through a standardized communication protocol similar to how automatic identification systems(AIS)use self-organized time-division multiple access(SOTDMA)datalinks today could potentially perform collaborative operations based on swa
125、rm behavior.With advanced perception sensors infused with AI,autonomous vessels could detect and identify non-autonomous vessels or obstacles with high accuracy day or night,ensuring the timely execution of collision avoidance maneuvers.Under any circumstances that the remote operator needs to take
126、control of the vessel,such as for a navigation correction,the operator could use a digital twin to see a real-time visualization of the bridge for remote operations.A full ecosystem of autonomous vessels,smart ports,smart yards,smart buoys and smart beacons could optimize the supply chain and reduce
127、 the risk of incidents at sea.Autonomous computing systems can help humans shift away from manual,routine efforts by supporting onboard or remote crews,or by providing fully autonomous,unmanned operations in controlled domains.Sea Machines.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHCybersecurity.Protecting maritime asset
128、s and ports against cyberattacks is already important to preventing disruptions to design,construction and operation.However,as ship connectivity expands and cloud and edge computing capabilities improve,cybersecurity will be essential.Vulnerabilities can be addressed with a comprehensive operationa
129、l technology cybersecurity program that accounts for autonomous operations.Self-Aware and Self-Maintaining Systems.By applying advanced AI to data collected from improved sensors,self-aware and self-maintaining systems could potentially identify the root cause of anomalies on board marine or offshor
130、e assets.As autonomous and robotics systems advance,they could eventually perform maintenance or repair tasks with minimal human intervention.These functions could possibly act as a key step toward fully autonomous vessel operations.Swarm MechanicsSelf-aware SystemCybersecurityLOOKING INTO THE FUTUR
131、E16ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationGGENERATIVEDESIGNA New Approach to Asset DesignMARITIME assets are complex systems-of-systems.Every system was designed to provide a specific role in a much broader solution,whether thats transporting cargo across the ocean or produc
132、ing energy offshore.Effective system design is essential to an efficient asset.However,systems designed by humans can be sometimes limited by the designers knowledge and conventional thinking on aesthetics,structural design or manufacturing.A design might meet requirements and be optimized from the
133、designers perspective with a limited number of alternatives,but what if certain human restrictions were removed from the process?How optimized could a design be when the designer is unrestricted by conventional thinking?Generative design is an AI-driven technology within computer-aided engineering(C
134、AE)that can use countless simulations to create a range of optimized design solutions given a set of constraints,such as manufacturing processes,loads,weight,regulation requirements and other considerations.When combined with additive manufacturing methods,it could enable quick prototyping and testi
135、ng of radical solutions.Applied across a system or multiple systems,generative design offers the potential to significantly change the design process for maritime assets from start to finish.WHILE GENERATIVE DESIGN reduces certain aspects of human limitations in the design process,some human aspects
136、 would still be essential to the overall system.Rather than spending substantial hours designing individual components,designers and engineers could shift their focus to optimizing overall system performance.A human designer could also use generative design as a compliment to their own work,consider
137、ing new perspectives on a whole system.A possible use case for generative design could be optimizing a propulsion system and the design of various components within it.While components could range in scope from a single bearing to a large crankshaft,the optimization of components should serve to opt
138、imize the entire systems performance.CAE could be used to find possible weight savings or performance gains without sacrificing the robustness of the system.A human engineer can choose solutions from several simulation-optimized options and approve the overall design.However,the potential for genera
139、tive design can go beyond optimizing systems.Marine vessels are systems-of-systems and an optimized propulsion system could lead to further optimization of the entire asset.With all of a vessels systems optimized by generative design,complete system-of-systems vessel design could shift in a radical
140、direction limited only by defined constraints.As CAE technology advances,generative design will play a growing role throughout the design cycle.CAE software could potentially find an optimized design for an entire asset given engineer-provided performance and design constraints.An engineer could ask
141、 CAE tools to optimize the design of a cargo carrier of specific tonnage and power it with hydrogen fuel cells.By simulating countless possible combinations and generative designs,the software could offer the engineer several options optimized for the requested purpose.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREASSET P
142、ERFORMANCE:This rendering shows the optimization of an aerospace bracket for additive manufacturing from the design space to a final,optimized geometry with a weight reduction of 63 percent using MSC Apex Generative Design.Hexagon.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHBiomimicry is a design practice that applies the
143、 underlying mechanisms behind naturally occurring efficiencies to improve a designs performance.Technologists have mimicked the hydrophobic structure of the floating fern Salvinia through microbubble technology and hydrophobic hull coatings using nanotechnology to reduce drag.Other potential drag re
144、duction use cases could be hull coatings that mimic the roughness pattern of shark skin or the dampening effect of fat on dolphin skin.A biomimetically-optimized hull could potentially have a substantial impact on sustainable maritime operations.BiomimicryAI-driven CAE ToolsSystem-of-systems Generat
145、ive Design18ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationAADDITIVEMANUFACTURINGRapid Repair or ReplacementMATERIALS:ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING(AM)is the process of fusing or joining physical materials to make objects from a computer-aided design(CAD)or digital 3D model.Also known as 3
146、D printing,these systems convert model data into a series of 2D cross-sections and then print a 3D object layer by layer.Engineers developed the process in the 1980s to expedite prototype development and production.While early AM systems were mainly limited to polymer-based prints,new printing proce
147、sses have rapidly evolved to use materials such as metals,ceramics and carbon fiber in the last decade.The applications for AM have grown alongside its ever-expanding material capabilities.Today,the process is in use in various industries,including automotive,aviation,medical and construction.AM sys
148、tems put production capabilities in the hands of the end-user,cutting time and costs associated with traditional manufacturing and supply chains.AS AM CONTINUES to evolve,the process could revolutionize how the marine and offshore industries handle vessel or individual system repairs.By decentralizi
149、ng part manufacturing,some repairs or part replacements could be achieved independent of supply chains and far from ports.On-site or remote AM systems can provide additional value for users by printing parts nearer to the point of need,reducing the woes of traditional logistics and supply chain serv
150、ices.Cloud-based storage of digital part files,coupled with on-demand manufacturing,can now replace large,physical inventories of complex parts.AM systems shift the focus to maintaining blockchain-secured part files on the cloud,managing an inventory of materials or feedstock and printing uniquely s
151、erial-numbered parts just-in-time,improve efficiency and streamlining the repair process.The 3D printing nature of AM systems also provides more flexibility in part design.Printing can be more cost-effective than traditional machining or casting of complex shapes while also providing greater control
152、 of material properties.When used with generative design,the benefits can be further enhanced to increase part performance,create lightweight parts,and provide solutions to part consolidation,whereby systems can now integrate multiple pieces into a single part during printing,further reducing assemb
153、ly and installation costs.AM could also integrate with other advanced digitalization technologies to minimize downtime.For example,in the event of an impending non-critical part failure,the onboard systems would be able to self-diagnose and alert an AM machine to start printing immediately.Alternati
154、vely,a crewmember could select the part from the digital inventory and start printing at any time.AM still needs to overcome important challenges including system cost and space constraints,as-built anisotropic mechanical properties and post-processing requirements to be viable for marine use.Some o
155、f these issues could be alleviated by deploying systems with a tiered approach as technology advances,starting with printing non-critical parts on board vessels.As AM continues to evolve,systems could eventually produce more critical metal parts or even meet large-scale needs,such as structural or m
156、achine components.Direct metal deposition advanced additive laser melting and powder spray manufacturing technology for repairing and rebuilding metal workpieces.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHNanotechnology is the use of advanced materials on an atomic,molecular and supramolecular scale for industrial purpos
157、es.Potential applications in the marine and offshore industries could include anti-viral coatings for high-touch surfaces,hull coatings for reducing drag,composite materials for improving strength and carbon nanomaterials for absorbing sulfur in fuel oils.Though adoption of nanotechnology has been h
158、eld back previously by cost and manufacturing complexity,recent advances have helped reduce costs and increase acceptance.Automated,Just-in-time Part ManufactureOptimization of Parts-driven by Generative DesignNanotechnologyLOOKING INTO THE FUTURE20ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Mariti
159、me InnovationGGREEN ECOSYSTEM AND THE BLUE ECONOMYFoundations for a Global Paradigm ShiftWHILE THE International Maritime Organizations(IMO)emissions-reduction goals and the emergence of various flag State and regional regulations provide great impetus behind the global energy transition,consumers a
160、nd investors are another critical driving force.Consumers are increasingly conscious of a products environmental and social impact,prompting industry players to be more mindful of their environmental,social and governance(ESG)footprint.The green ecosystem is the infrastructure that supports and enab
161、les green transitions for manufacturers,shipyards,ports,shipowners and operators.This infrastructure can include everything from asset design to the adoption of green corridors.A blue economy,on the other hand,is the sustainable use of ocean resources and space,minimizing environmental impact while
162、serving an essential and diversified economic role.These uses can include windfarms,aquafarms,wave or tidal energy systems,and offshore spaceport rocket launching and recovery.These systems are closely tied together as advancements in green infrastructure and technology will enable improvements for
163、the blue economy and vice versa.Combined,they will serve as essential cornerstones for the broader energy transition and in turn help the industry meet consumer and investor expectations.THE BLUE ECONOMY has the potential to be a key enabler for a global paradigm shift for maritime industries beyond
164、 decarbonization and the energy transition.Sustainable practices are essential to maintaining and promoting growth for the blue economy,as they could serve to attract investments in new infrastructure and bring novel industries and opportunities to marine and offshore sectors.The proliferation of aq
165、uafarms as sustainable food sources may expand significantly in the future.Infrastructure investment in a seafood value chain,including farming,feeding,harvesting,processing,import and retail,must grow to support sustainable aquaculture.Increased construction of offshore aquaculture structures,wellb
166、oat fleets and strategically-located onloading and offloading facilities could enable the growth of aquafarms within the blue economy.The growth of commercial space exploration can similarly impact the blue economy.Satellite launches,many of which support growing broadband connectivity in remote loc
167、ations,have increased exponentially in the last decade.As a result,offshore spaceports and the infrastructure needed to support them could play an important role in the industrys impact on ocean space.The carbon footprint of the infrastructure,including the sustainable transport of crew,fuel and equ
168、ipment,will need to be considered as the industry grows.The blue economy could also play an important role in the maritime industrys broader energy transition.Offshore windfarms,wave energy conversion facilities and tidal energy harvesting facilities can tap into the oceans immense renewable energy
169、potential.Renewable energy sources,as well as investment in associated infrastructure,are essential to the growth of the green ecosystem and green shipping corridors.Battery charging substations and hydrogen hubs could provide essential logistics infrastructure and alleviate some of the challenges a
170、ssociated with alternative fuel storage.Establishing green ecosystems could help marine and offshore industries adapt to meet consumer needs and,by extension,help drive more investments into green technologies and infrastructure.The growing popularity of green shipping corridors,intended to highligh
171、t low-and zero-emission vessels with special trade routes between major green ports,will be significant in implementing sustainable infrastructure and technologies.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHEco-labels help consumers identify products that meet certain environmental performance crit
172、eria.Examples include the U.S.Environmental Protection Agencys(EPA)Energy Star label,which reports on the energy efficiency of appliances and technology products.For the maritime and offshore industries,eco-labels could provide insight into the carbon footprint associated with the shipping or produc
173、tion of a product.Green shipping corridors are shipping routes between two major port hubs,including intermediary stopovers,over which the technological,economic and regulatory feasibility of operating zero-emission ships are catalyzed through public and private actions.These corridors offer the opp
174、ortunity to accelerate progress in tackling the challenges of decarbonizing shipping.Maturing Blue EconomyGreen Shipping CorridorsBlockchain-based Eco-labels22ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationCCARBON CAPTURE,UTILIZATION AND STORAGEBridging the Gap to 2050 and BeyondCAR
175、BON CAPTURE,Utilization and Storage(CCUS)is a process that aids in reducing GHG emissions by capturing CO2 from point sources,such as engine exhaust,and either using it to create other products or storing it permanently in underground geological formations.Countries and industry bodies have recogniz
176、ed carbon capture technologies as a way to move toward net-zero emission targets while continuing to use hydrocarbon resources.Therefore,policy support has been increasing to aid the deployment of these technologies.However,deploying CCUS has been slow due to limited activity in commercializing the
177、technology.The IMOs 2030 and 2050 emissions-reduction goals,along with broader global interest in reducing the effects of climate change,have prompted the development of new CCUS technologies that are at an early stage of commercialization with considerable potential to reduce costs,increase efficie
178、ncy and enable safe operations.STUDIES ARE ONGOING regarding capturing CO2 on board vessels or at purpose-built capture facilities on shore.Amine-based,carbon capture technology existed previously and is a potential carbon capture option for the maritime industry,but it presents some challenges rela
179、ted to the storage and transportation of liquefied CO2.Carbon capture that uses calcium oxide(CaO)to absorb CO2,resulting in calcium carbonate(CaCO3)pellets,is another potential solution that is being studied.Capturing and storing the CO2 as CaCO3 pellets would make transportation and storage of a b
180、ulk material easier than maintaining the refrigeration and pressure needed to store liquefied CO2.Stored CaCO3 could be sold to other industries it has applications in the pharmaceutical,agriculture and mining sectors,among others or further processed to separate the CO2 and CaO in an onshore proces
181、sing facility.After offloading its stored CaCO3,a vessel equipped with carbon capture would reload fresh or recycled CaO.The separated CO2 could be transported for other industrial applications,such as enhanced oil recovery(EOR)or the food and beverage industry.Surplus CO2 could be stored in empty o
182、il or gas reservoirs or deep salt formations.Other innovations for using CO2 in producing chemicals and building materials could also emerge to take advantage of the excess supply.As the industry works toward meeting the IMOs goals,CCUS will play an important role in reducing emissions in both carbo
183、n-intensive processes and in the growing use of low-carbon fuels,such as liquefied natural gas(LNG),methanol or biofuels.CO2 capture is also essential to the production of fuels like blue hydrogen and ammonia,which could power the next generation of maritime assets.An increase in onshore CO2 capture
184、 plants and the use of onboard CCUS systems can play a pivotal role in setting the industry on the path to a clean and sustainable future.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHIMO Targets.The Initial IMO strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships includes two key goals.The first goa
185、l is to reduce CO2 emissions per transport work,at an average across international shipping,from 2008 levels by at least 40 percent by 2030 and 70 percent by 2050.The second goal is to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50 percent by 2050,also relative to 2
186、008 levels.As the needed infrastructure for alternative fuels is developed,onboard carbon capture and storage technologies can potentially help bridge the gap to the IMOs net-zero targets.New Applications for Surplus CO2CaCO3-based Carbon CaptureCarbon capture transport overview.Provided by Global C
187、CS Institute.Carbon Engineerings Direct Air Capture(DAC)technology is a form of carbon capture that pulls CO2 directly from the air.The captured atmospheric CO2 can be permanently and safely stored underground to deliver negative emissions,or used to produce low carbon intensity products,such as fue
188、ls,that are drop-in compatible with vehicles,ships and infrastructure today.Carbon Engineering Ltd.24ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationEELECTRIFICATIONEnergizing the Global Fleet with ESSAS THE INDUSTRY charts various paths to decarbonization,increased electrification v
189、ia advanced ESS will be an essential step to net-zero emissions.While many vessels already use ESS in some form to power electrical equipment,current systems are limited in scope and typically charged using fossil fuel-burning engines or generators.The increased energy demand for electrified propuls
190、ion systems or onboard carbon capture combined with the overall path to decarbonization will necessitate an improved ESS,charged with renewable energy.A combination approach of using various renewable energy systems together offers a possible solution to meet increased needs.ESS technologies such as
191、 batteries,kinetic ESS,compressed air energy storage(CAES),super capacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)are possible options with broad application potential.Such systems could be charged onshore or in offshore charging stations and then paired with green hydrogen production sys
192、tems and fuel cells to provide zero-emission energy to marine vessels or offshore assets.THE USE OF HYBRID technology is not new.Still,the combination of advanced ESS and green hydrogen production can serve as a powerful system for driving the green hydrogen generation market.As this technology deve
193、lops,hydrogen and ESS arranged correctly can power the next generation of marine vessels and offshore facilities,thus reducing the use of fossil fuels,lower GHG emissions and potentially decrease the cost of energy overall.A kinetic ESS could be used to power the production of green hydrogen with el
194、ectrolysis or other green fuels.The hydrogen could then be consumed in fuel cells to power various marine or offshore systems.Continuous onboard hydrogen production could alleviate many of the fuels transportation and storage challenges.By using renewable sources for onshore or offshore charging of
195、a kinetic ESS,the potential exists for a chain of continuous green energy production.In the early stages of the technology,a combination of kinetic ESS and fuel cell systems could be used for powering onboard carbon capture or possibly short transits,such as inland waterways,along coasts or nearby p
196、orts.It could also power various systems on board offshore assets.As green infrastructure grows and expands,the potential exists for ESS technology to advance and be used on board longer,deep-sea transits around the globe.A network of deep-sea charging stations or hydrogen production and storage hub
197、s could support these longer transits.Vessels and offshore assets must adopt some level of electrification as the industry continues the path toward net-zero emissions.Newly constructed and retrofitted assets will be equipped with various combinations of ESS,fuel cells and alternative fuels.Advancem
198、ents in these technologies will be vital to decarbonizing the global fleet.LOOKING INTO THE FUTUREADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHNon-Lithium-Ion Batteries.Lithium-ion batteries use an electrochemical intercalation process where lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during the
199、 charging and discharging cycle.Non-lithium-ion batteries include alternatives such as zinc-ion,sodium-ion and dual carbon batteries which utilize anodes and cathodes made from a different material.These technologies offer the potential to overcome some of the challenges associated with lithium-ion
200、batteries,such as reducing reliance on precious elements like nickel or cobalt.Kinetic Energy Storage SystemsFuel CellsAdvanced BatteriesBattery energy storage facility made of shipping containers.Concept illustration of the Azipod propulsion system onboard a sustainable superyacht.This electric dri
201、ve propulsion system is proven to cut fuel consumption by up to 20 percent compared to traditional shaftline propulsion systems.ABB.26ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationHHYDROGENA Key Value-Chain on the Path to DecarbonizationALTERNATIVE FUELS:IN 2018,the IMO set initial
202、 targets for reducing the shipping industrys GHG emissions.This focused the industry on finding solutions that will help meet the IMOs 2030 and 2050 goals.Organizations have researched and suggested several possible solutions for reducing emissions in recent years,ranging from scrubber systems to bl
203、ended fuels.While such solutions can play an initial role in the broader energy transition,low-and zero-carbon alternative fuels will be crucial to the industrys journey to net-zero emissions by 2050.Despite near-term challenges related to production,transportation and storage,hydrogen offers a prom
204、ising solution for zero-emissions,tank-to-wake(TTW)operations.Investment in the complete hydrogen value chain,especially in producing blue and green hydrogen and relevant operational infrastructure,will be vital to scaling hydrogen as a true well-to-wake(WTW)solution.HYDROGEN consumed in fuel cells
205、has the potential to provide vessels with zero-emissions energy.As fuel cell technology advances,hydrogen could offer an emission-free TTW energy solution for propulsion or other emissions-lowering processes,such as onboard carbon capture.Until renewable sources scale up,the production of blue hydro
206、gen will be pivotal to its adoption as a zero-emission WTW fuel.In short and medium terms,renewable and conventional fossil energy will combine to form a blended fuel type.In this way,the industry can gradually transition to the hydrogen paradigm rather than an abrupt switch.As carbon capture techno
207、logy improves and renewable energy production grows,blue and green hydrogens can scale to provide marine vessels with a complete zero-emission WTW solution.However,even if hydrogen isnt broadly adopted as a marine fuel or more likely is one of many zero-emission options,it can still serve as a valua
208、ble puzzle piece in all pathways for our energy transition.Its a building block for other possible fuels like ammonia and green methane.Replacing traditional carbon-based fuels will take time.It will take decades of technological advancement and production scaling of alternative fuels like hydrogen
209、to reach a point of large-scale maturity.However,there are still critical near-term roles for the carbon and hydrogen value chains to impact the global energy transition.Concept illustration of a large vessel powered by fuel cells.ABB.ADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHHydrogen hubs are a network of hydrogen prod
210、ucers,consumers and connected infrastructure that could support the production,use and storage of hydrogen as a fuel or energy source.Blue hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced by burning LNG and capturing the resultant carbon emissions.Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced using renewable sourc
211、es such as wind energy.Clean hydrogen hubs could be located near a renewable energy source to power a production process like electrolysis.Green Hydrogen ProductionOffshore Hydrogen HubsHydrogen BunkeringLOOKING INTO THE FUTURESMR with CarbonCaptureSteam MethaneReformation(SMR)Renewable EnergyWater
212、ElectrolysisGREEN H2Gas Storage/PipelineBLUE H2Gas Storage/PipelineGRAY H2GasificationCoalBROWN H2Water ElectrolysisNuclear EnergyPINK H228ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationNNUCLEAR POWERAn Energy Revolution for the Industry?NUCLEAR POWER offers a potential zero-emissio
213、n energy solution for vessels and floating offshore assets.Advanced,modular nuclear reactors could generate significant amounts of energy from a relatively small,portable plug-and-play platform.Several organizations are actively developing different types of small nuclear systems,including heat pipe
214、 reactors(HPR)and molten salt reactors(MSR).A single system could power a vessel or provide energy for alternative fuel production for dozens of years before refueling,replacing it with another reactor.Modularity,design standardization,and operational independence with minimal personnel interaction
215、or maintenance make nuclear energy a potential effective power solution for vessels and offshore installations.However,the broad adoption of nuclear power could face several challenges and consequences.Regulations on the use and transport of radioactive material will need to change at the local,nati
216、onal and international levels for the use of nuclear energy on commercial assets to be viable.Regulatory bodies would also need to address the increased volume of nuclear waste as more vessels adopt the technology.AS THE DEVELOPMENT of small nuclear energy systems continues and regulations evolve,th
217、e potential exists for a portion of the worlds commercial fleet to adopt nuclear power as a zero-emissions energy solution in the future.While nuclear systems will likely represent high initial costs relative to legacy energy systems,shipowners and operators could quickly experience other savings va
218、lidating switching.Nuclear-powered vessels will avoid the taxes and fees associated with carbon emissions and the emerging carbon economy.Bunkering service will also be unnecessary for such vessels,eliminating costs,issues and safety risks related to the practice.Nuclear energy is not entirely new t
219、o marine vessels,though it is primarily limited to government and naval ships.However,these vessels use conventional reactors that require special precautions during a lengthy refueling and refitting process.Many small reactors under development aim to make the refueling process as simple as replaci
220、ng an alkaline battery in a childs toy.When a reactor nears the end of its life on board a vessel or offshore asset,a specialist or possibly even an autonomous system could remove the old system and install a new one,minimizing downtime.The responsibility of handling radioactive waste could then be
221、pushed to the operators of a centralized nuclear waste repository rather than the shipowners and operators.Because nuclear reactors are expected to power ships for 15 to 20 years or more and commercial ships are often outdated or replaced within 30 years,a reactor could outlive the vessel on which i
222、ts installed.Older ships equipped with nuclear systems could find new life by connecting to onshore electricity grids and providing offshore zero-emission energy for several years.Nuclear power offers the potential to extend the life of aging vessels,free onboard space with optimized arrangements an
223、d eliminate emissions,making it a possible game-changing emerging technology for the industry.This cut-away rendering of the MIT nuclear battery concept shows important components such as the instrumentation and control module,the reactor,and the power module.Courtesy of R.Freda.LOOKING INTO THE FUT
224、UREALTERNATIVE ENERGY:Seaborg Technologies developed new barges powered by compact molten salt reactors(CMSR),which will produce clean electricity for electric grids or hydrogen production.SeaborgADVANCEMENTS TO WATCHAdvanced nuclear reactors feature modern designs that could add inherent safety,red
225、uce nuclear waste products,eliminate fuel proliferation concerns,increase fuel and thermal efficiency,enhance reliability,and optimize reactor size and arrangements for modular transport and mass production.The development of advanced nuclear reactors could help drive further use of nuclear energy o
226、n board maritime assets.Advanced,modular micro-reactorsPlug-and-play PlatformsHeat Pipe ReactorsMolten Salt Reactors30ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime InnovationNORTH AMERICA REGION1701 City Plaza Dr.Spring,Texas 77389,USATel:+1-281-877-6000Email:ABS-Amereagle.orgSOUTH AMERICA R
227、EGIONRua Acre,n 15-11 floor,CentroRio de Janeiro 20081-000,BrazilTel:+55 21 2276-3535Email:ABSRioeagle.orgEUROPE REGION111 Old Broad StreetLondon EC2N 1AP,UKTel:+44-20-7247-3255Email:ABS-Eureagle.orgAFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST REGIONAl Joud Center,1st floor,Suite#111 Sheikh Zayed RoadP.O.Box 24860,Dubai,
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229、mail:ABS-Paceagle.orgGREATER CHINA REGIONWorld Trade Tower,29F Room 2906 500 Guangdong Road Huangpu District,Shanghai China 200000Tel:+86 21 23270888Email:ABSGreaterChinaeagle.orgFACING CHALLENGES STEAMSHIPS USHERED IN a new era of global trade 200 years ago.Today,we stand at the precipice of not ju
230、st a singular leap forward,but a watershed of emerging technologies that will revolutionize the marine and offshore industries.From development of renewable energy and emission-reduction strategies to autonomous functions and digital twins,ABS is working with innovators around the globe to support a
231、 wide variety of new technologies and innovations to help the industry meet key deadlines on the journey to net-zero emissions by 2050.ABS and its affiliated companies work with clients in the marine,energy and government sectors to create a safer,cleaner future at sea.We support the development of
232、practical solutions for the industrys most daunting technical and operational challenges.We set out more than 160 years ago to promote the security of life and property at sea and preserve the natural environment.Today,we remain true to our mission and continue to support organizations facing a rapi
233、dly evolving seascape of challenging regulations and new technologies.Through it all,we are anchored by a vision,mission and core traits that help our members and clients find clarity in uncertain times.ABS is a global leader in marine and offshore classification and other innovative safety,quality
234、and environmental services.Were at the forefront of supporting the global energy transition at sea,the application of remote and autonomous marine systems and many more exciting technology advancements.Our commitment to safety,reliability and efficiency is ever-present,guiding our members and client
235、s to safer and more efficient operations.We support the maritime industrys digitalization,clean energy transition and application of new technologies through several joint development projects and research initiatives.Asset owners and operators considering new technologies like those featured in this publication can contact our specialists to learn more about how ABS can help.TOGETHER32ABS Technology TrendsExploring the Future of Maritime Innovation10/22 223651701 City Plaza Dr.I Spring,TX 77389 USA 1-281-877-6000 I www.eagle.org 2022 American Bureau of Shipping.All rights reserved.