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1、 South Africa and Artificial Intelligence The potential impact of AI and Generative AI across healthcare,education,financial inclusion and agricultureSeptember 2023By Nihmal Marrie,Igor Lakic,Caio Anteghini,Asif Valley,Benjamin Rosman,Martin Bekker,Lexi ShongweBoston Consulting Group partners with l
2、eaders in business and society to tackle their most important challenges and capture their greatest opportunities.BCG works closely with clients to embrace a transformational approach aimed at benefiting all stakeholders empowering organizations to grow,build sustainable competitive advantage,and dr
3、ive positive societal impact.Our diverse global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives that question the status quo and spark change.BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting,technology and design,and corporate and digital ventures.For
4、more information,please visit BCG X is the tech build and design unit of BCG.Turbocharging BCGs deep industry and functional expertise,BCG X brings together advanced tech knowledge and ambitious entrepreneurship to help organizations enable innovation at scale.With nearly 3,000 technologists,scienti
5、sts,programmers,engineers,and human-centred designers located across 80+cities,BCG X builds and designs platforms and software to address the worlds most important challenges and opportunities.Teaming across our practices,and in close collaboration with our clients,our end-to-end global team unlocks
6、 new possibilities.Together,were creating the bold and disruptive products,services,and businesses of tomorrow.For more information,please visit Business School(WBS),the graduate school of business administration of the University of the Witwatersrand,is a leading education institution in Africa.It
7、offers postgraduate academic and executive courses,along with public seminars featuring prominent African thought leaders.WBS Executive Education specializes in tailoring in-company programmes to enhance management skills,employing generative-thinking methodologies for immersive learning.WBS is dedi
8、cated to nurturing visionary business leaders capable of shaping Africas future and promoting ethical business practices across the continent.Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation.Microsofts best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems,th
9、e Microsoft 365 suite of productivity applications,and the Edge web browser.Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface line-up of touchscreen personal computers.It is considered one of the Big Five American information technology companies and a leader
10、in Artificial Intelligence.Microsofts mission is to empower every person and organization on the planet to achieve more.Contents04|Introduction06|Defining Generative AI and outlining its progression and adoption10|Examining the possible uses of AI in South Africa 14|Adopting AI in South Africa broad
11、er risks and considerations16|Conclusion:Call to action18|About the authorsIntroductionGenerative Artificial Intelligence(Generative AI),though still in its early stages,is maturing fast,and looks set to become one of the most im-portant technologies of our time.It has already attract-ed strong inte
12、rest and substantial investment.The launch of ChatGPT last year,with its underlying language-model AI technology,brought to public attention the power of Generative AI technology.New use cases for Generative AI are emerging daily.Generative AI can leverage very large amounts of propri-etary data and
13、 then support data-led decision-making.The commercial applications of these capabilities are very promising,and are being pursued apace.This report,how-ever,concentrates on the societal implications:it looks at the ways in which Generative AI,together with AI more broadly,can address some of South A
14、fricas most pressing challenges,and discusses how AI can be responsibly har-nessed to transform the lives of South African citizens.The report explores four key areas where Generative AI could play a transformative role:healthcare,education,financial inclusion and agriculture.The aim is to exam-ine
15、some of the possibilities in each of these areas through various use cases,and also to discuss the risks associated with AI and the ideal environment for realizing AIs poten-tial benefits.But first,we should define Generative AI es-pecially in relation to AI in general and sketch the cur-rent state
16、of play.We definitely want the benefits of this technology and we want to mitigate the unintended consequences1.Satya NadellaMicrosoft CEO4 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTURE1.https:/ SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT
17、 OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREDefining Generative AI and outlining its progression and adoptionAI is the field of computer science that aims to create machines or systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence tasks involv
18、-ing reasoning,learning,decision-making,or creativity.AI has evolved over the decades from rule-based systems and expert systems to machine learning and deep learning,which can identify patterns and gain insights from data,and can improve over time.As for Generative AI,it is best known through its m
19、anifes-tations such as ChatGPT(text-based AI)or DALL-E(text-to-image AI),but it goes well beyond these applications.Generative AI is a subset of machine-learning techniques and models that can produce original text,images,and audio (see Exhibit 1).To put it another way,Generative AI is a“set of algo
20、rithms,capable of generating seemingly new,realistic content such as text,images,or audio from training data”2.2.BCG overview on Generative AI:https:/ CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 7Exhibit 1:Where does Generative AI fit in the AI context?Exhibit 2:Estimated growth of Generative
21、AI marketOver the past few years,the barriers to using AI have be-gun to fall,as the necessary tools and platforms have increasingly become accessible to ordinary citizens.In this fine new world,there is no longer the need for vast data-sets or powerful computers,since much of whats neces-sary is no
22、w available through cloud providers.There is also no need for sophisticated technical knowledge:certainly tech-savvy users can download the code and train and refine the models if they want to,3 but non-experts can comfortably use models trained by others.Estimates are that Generative AI will have a
23、 market value of USD 60 billion by 2025,accounting for 30%of the total addressable market for AI in general(see Exhibit 2).AIMachine learningDeep learningGenerative AI&Foundation ModelsGenerative AI TAM1(USD B)9183561+67%882024Year-on-year growth of the Generative AI market202520262027131
24、%94%91%74%44%38%1.TAM:Technology Acceptance ModelSources:AI TAM research;Expert interviews;BCG analysisBy 2025,Generative AI is expected to be a USD 60B global market,accounting for ashare of the overall AI market3.The“open-source AI boom”driven by Big Tech companies like Google,Meta,and Microsoft h
25、as fuelled innovation by making accessible the code behind generative models.See MIT Technology Review,“The open-source AI boom is built on Big Techs handouts.How long will it last?”,May 2023.8 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND
26、AGRICULTUREExhibit 3:Generative AI start-ups received USD 20B in investments in the past three years,five times the amount of investment received in 2018-2020Private investments(USD B)0.22.01.64.8+56%3.511.9201820192020OpenAI,Pieces&SambaNova Systems are the three firms making the highest investment
27、s202120222023Note:1.7K patent families related to Generative AI domain were considered for the analysis;investment data for 2018&2023 are incomplete owing to date-to-date restrictions.Source:BCG analysis;BCG Center for Growth&Innovation Analytics50%+growth in annual investments between 2019 and 2023
28、Data for H1 for 2023Over the past three years,Generative AI start-ups have attracted soaring levels of investment,receiving USD 20 billion in funding,five times more than the total invest-ments secured in the previous three years(see Exhibit 3).The recent launch of various easy-to-use chatbots has l
29、ed to a rapid and widespread public adoption of Generative AI,with consumers captivated by its ability to create realis-tic and immersive content (See Exhibit 4).BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 9Exhibit 5:Generative AI will unlock new use cases and complement tradi-tional AI
30、 in certain casesExhibit 4:Generative AI has witnessed unprecedented levels of adoption by consumersChatGPT5 daysInstagram75 daysSpotify150 days0400,000800,0001,200,0002550ChatGPT reached a million users in just five days a fraction of the time it took previous viral hits to do soTop comp
31、anies partnered with OpenAI since GPT-330MActive users recorded1BExpected customer base50MSite visits in March 20235Days to achieve 1M users100Million users recorded in just 2 months1.7BSite visits in April 2023(Note that some of the use cases outlined below are tradi-tional AI use cases that are en
32、hanced when Generative AI is applied to them(see Exhibit 5).Accordingly,the broader term AI will be used from now on,rather than Generative AI.AIGenerative AI&Foundation ModelsGenerative AI provides a new range of AI offeringsAI use cases will persistScheduling,route optimization,process optimizatio
33、n and control,reservoir modelling,classification,regression,recommenders,decision-making,etc.Generative AI unlocks new use casesAbility to generate content and ideas will reshape R&D,workforce productivity and customer engagementGenerative AI extends current AI use casesIncreases accuracy and speed
34、of existing models by generating better synthetic dataSimplifies the user interface,and enables effectiveness of current processes(e.g.predictive maintenance)10 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREExamining the possible
35、 uses of AI in South Africa AI is no silver bullet,but it certainly can make a trans-formative contribution to easing societal difficulties,notably in four key areas:healthcare,education,financial inclusion and agriculture.HealthcareThe healthcare system in South Africa faces several chal-lenges.Bot
36、h public and private sectors are involved in healthcare provision,with 70%public and 30%private4.The key issues facing the healthcare system include obsta-cles to accessing care and affordable medicines,variable quality in the care provided,inadequate funding,and insuf-ficient staff(particularly in
37、the public sector).By way of example,in 2019,South Africa registered a doctor-patient ratio of 0.8 doctors per 1,000 people.To put that into con-text,compare the ratios of Brazil(2.3),China(2.2),France(3.3)and the United Kingdom(3.0).5 In rural public hospi-tals and clinics,where the ratio is likely
38、 to be lower still,it is even more difficult for people to get the medical care that they need.AI can address these healthcare issues in several ways:AI can function as an assistant,transcribing and summarizing each consultation,and automatically 4.Statistics South Africa General Household Survey 20
39、215.World Bank Database for Physicians per 1,000 people,accessed 19 June 2023BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 11keeping patient records regularly updated.That will enable doctors and nurses to spend less time on admin-istrative tasks and more time on patients.DeepScribe provi
40、des AI scribing services to practitioners in the United States.It was trained on data from 2 million patient encounters.It can filter out small talk,identify key medical information,and generate complete EHR-ready notes.6Impact the tool claims to enable healthcare providers to achieve a 75%reduction
41、 in documentation time,and to see two extra patients per day7.AI can also support personalized diagnosis and treatment recommendations for patients,by using AI-driven analyses of data and taking account of available inventory in hospital pharmacies.This support for diagnosis and treatment,and the al
42、ignment on available drugs,will again free up time for doctors to spend with patients,and will improve patient care and experience.The increase in doctor productivity will improve the efficiency of South Africas over-stretched public-health system.Doctors will,however,need to maintain a reasonable m
43、istrust,to protect against AI hallucinations and data bias.AI can serve as a 24/7 health-education resource,disseminating Health Department alerts and ad-vice regularly,and in various languages.Using anal-yses of individuals data(such as race and age),AI can provide tailored content in the appropria
44、te language,and in personalized wording,for maximum impact on healthier lifestyle choices,managing chronic conditions,and even prevention guidelines in the event of a pan-demic.Again,appropriate disclaimers are needed:for any higher-risk matter,and AI advice given to patients should add a warning fo
45、r them to check with a doctor.AI can also generate efficiencies,both for R&D and for the delivery of supplies.AI can assist with conducting virtual compound screening and prediction modelling,and thereby reduce reliance on costly phys-ical experiments.In addition,by generating synthetic data for tra
46、ining models,AI can enhance the efficiency of R&D efforts.AI can also refine supply-chain manage-ment and distribution strategies by forecasting demand trends,suggesting ways to reduce waste,and optimizing the timing of medication deliveries to the market.Some of the cost-savings could well be passe
47、d on to the pa-tient.EducationEducation in South Africa is characterized by severe dispar-ities between private and public schools.Public schooling in general suffers from teacher shortages and under-fund-ing(especially in rural areas).And among public schools themselves,there are marked differences
48、 according to their location,students backgrounds,class sizes,and the like.Teachers often lack appropriate resources,including internet access;and many students face hunger and a lack of parental support.A recent report,based on a survey of 320 schools in South Africa,found that:Without proper acces
49、s to high-quality education,deprived children will struggle to escape the cycle of poverty and inequality.If access to the internet,computers,and digitization of materials were improved appropriately,AI could contribute to several positive shifts in the education sector:AI can help with policy,curri
50、cula,and content cre-ation.By analyzing vast amounts of data,AI can inform policy decisions and syllabus design,and create learning materials.The new content can be tailored to various grade levels and to individual students,and can be pre-sented in the students preferred language.NolejAI in France
51、has made its instructional content genera-tor publicly available for users.It was beta-tested on more than 2,500 educators across primary,high-school and higher education.It enables educators to upload text,video,or audio,and creates interactive lessons.Impact reportedly,educators generated content
52、50 x faster and 20 x more cheaply than when using traditional methods9.AI can help teachers to plan daily classes and can suggest ways of explaining complex ideas.In schools lacking adequate resources and materials,teachers cannot teach their classes as effectively as they might.With the help of AI,
53、however,they will be able to produce stimulating visual aids and easy-to-understand explanations in their daily classes.In that way,they can bring abstract topics to life,and sharpen their students critical thinking.AI should also eventually fine-tune lesson plans for the teachers,and produce tailor
54、ed materials.81%of Grade 4 learners(typically aged 9-11)are still unable to read for meaning8.6.EHR:Electronic Health Record7.Company website:https:/www.deepscribe.ai/8.2023 Background Report for the 2030 Reading Panel9.Company website:https:/nolej.io/nolej-ai12 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF
55、AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTURE AI can be used to create a“conversational tutor”,which would enhance student interactions,and also enable better access to resources.Through natural-language processing,AI-powered conversational tutors can make sense of
56、 students questions and navi-gate intricate knowledge repositories to retrieve relevant information.It can then generate responses that provide detailed and contextually accurate explanations.This dy-namic interaction,in which students engage in seamless and intuitive conversations with the tutor,fo
57、sters deeper comprehension.AI can develop personalized lesson plans based on students strengths/weaknesses.In the medium term,using analyses of data on student performance and learning patterns,AI will be able to generate engag-ing lesson plans for each individual student.By adapting the curriculum
58、to a students individual strengths and weaknesses,AI will ensure better learning outcomes.Financial inclusionRecent efforts to expand financial inclusion in South Africa have met with some success,but far more remains to be done to improve peoples financial literacy,money man-agement,and access to e
59、conomic opportunities.Currently,20%of adults lack even a basic bank account(or 30%if you exclude social-grant beneficiaries),10 with a dispropor-tionate number being women,people living in rural areas,and people from lower-income households.In addition to this unbanked population,there is the under-
60、banked popu-lation:an estimated 47%of people that have a bank ac-count fail to make full use of it.11 Many other factors complicate the banking landscape in South Africa;for example:1.Given the constraints on Internet access,only 5%of people with bank accounts engage in internet banking,and 18%do ba
61、sic transactions via their mobile phones.2.Banks struggle to assess creditworthiness for many cus-tomers who cannot provide the traditional metrics.Although these problems will not be easily or quickly be resolved,AI can offer some assistance to foster financial inclusion:AI can make financial servi
62、ces more accessible to customers.By deploying AI-powered chatbots to han-dle routine client queries and provide timely responses,banks will be able to:-Spare customers the inconvenience of going to branches and waiting for a banking consultant to be available-Increase transparency on products and se
63、rvices,and increase trust from clients,given that chatbots consis-tently provide accurate responses-Communicate in the clients home language-Reduce the costs of serving clients,and thereby re-duce prices for clientsUshur is an engagement platform used by financial institu-tions that leverages conver
64、sational AI to build streamlined digital interactions for customers,and provides analytics to know customers better.Impact as much as a ten-fold reduction in customer response time,enabling rapid processing12.AI can help provide personalized recommenda-tions,and improve financial literacy.AI can ass
65、ist the under-banked both through education and through financial advice.Via chatbots,AI can engage with users in natural language,fine-tuning their guidance to cater for individual needs.They could also produce personal-ized recommendations,such as budgeting strategies and investment options,to ena
66、ble the under-banked to make informed financial decisions and gain access to essential financial services that were previously out of reach.AI can expedite the drafting of legal documents,and assist in explaining,in plain language,perti-nent terms to customers.By extracting and analyzing data from c
67、lient discussions,AI can swiftly produce legal documents in plain language,or even in home languages,reducing the time and costs associated with traditional drafting of contracts.A further benefit might be to increase access to banking facilities:customers will more easily understand legal agreement
68、s,and so will feel more comfortable in signing them.Agriculture South Africa has a rich farming history.Agricultural produc-tion plays a pivotal role in the countrys economy,contrib-uting 2.5%to GDP13 and 10%to exports.14 But the sector faces several challenges,including under-productivity and clima
69、te change.Droughts and variable weather patterns disrupt crop yields.Among the other issues that farmers face,especially in remoter areas of the country,are access to loans,land tenure,and markets.The sector could strug-10.2022 Financial Sector Outlook Study,Financial Sector Conduct Authority(FSCA)1
70、1.2021 Finscope South Africa Consumer Survey,Finmark Trust12.https:/ Bank Database for Agriculture,Forestry&Fishing Value Added(as%of GDP),accessed 16 August 202314.International Trade Administration,South Africa Country Commercial Guide(Agricultural Sector)BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCH
71、OOL +MICROSOFT 13gle increasingly to achieve the crucial balance between sustainable practices and ensuring food availability and affordability for the population.There are several ways in which AI can engage with these industry challenges:AI can analyze data to help farmers optimize the efficiency
72、and sustainability of their farming prac-tices.Farmers can use sensors,drones,and satellites to gather real-time data on their crops,including details on soil health,water usage,crop growth,and the presence of pests.This data can then be analyzed by AI algo-rithms,and the results will guide farmers
73、on how best to use resources and how to maximize crop yields.Farmers will be able to:-Determine optimal planting times,and decide how frequently to irrigate or apply pesticides.-Identify variability within a crop field and apply re-sources at variable rates where most needed.Jiva is an integrated pl
74、atform for smallholder farmers.It provides a set of services,including an advisory engine,enriched by machine learning,that provides personalized advice on sustainable farming.It makes use of climate data,remote sensing,and computer vision to help farmers decide on what actions to take next.Impact r
75、eportedly,most farmers using Jiva have increased crop yields by up to 40%.15 AI can enhance crop-health monitoring through disease detection.AI algorithms,based on images of crops from drones and satellites,can also help to iden-tify anomalies and early signs of disease or pest infesta-tions in crop
76、s.Farmers can then monitor developments in real time,and intervene as appropriate,thereby mini-mizing yield losses and achieving food security.AI can via refined credit scoring expand finan-cial access for smallholder farmers.By integrating field data obtained from satellites,weather stations,and Io
77、T devices16(sensors and gadgets placed in fields,on equipment,or on animals),AI can develop algorithms that analyze factors such as crop health,soil quality,and weather patterns in real time.The consequent insights,combined with traditional financial data and predictive analytics,help to create a co
78、mprehensive credit pro-file for farmers lacking a conventional credit history.That could enable financial institutions to make more informed lending decisions.It also supports financial inclusion,empowering farmers to invest in their opera-tions,adopt modern agricultural practices,and improve their
79、livelihoods.15.In 2020 BCG X partnered with Olam to launch Jiva,https:/ of Things14 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREWhile AI opens up a new class of opportunities,it also introduces a new class of risks.Many of the
80、risks implicit in AI have been widely publi-cized,and some of them will prove difficult to mitigate,let alone eradicate.Moreover,given that AI is still maturing,some new and unforeseen risks will emerge.Constant vigilance and evaluation of risks are therefore crucial as the technology progresses.(A
81、comprehensive exploration of the risks is beyond the scope of this report.)For AI to achieve scalable and affordable adoption in South Africa,and to realize its full potential,several indispens-able elements will need to be in place.Appropriate laws and regulationAI development should take place wit
82、hin an appropriate legal and regulatory framework,to define standards,priori-ties,and ethical boundaries,and also to support the growth of AI adoption and to mitigate AI risks.A technical working group of experts from relevant industries,includ-ing academia,should work with government agencies to de
83、velop and continually review all existing and proposed regulations,in an effort to enable an optimal and account-able environment for all.Adopting AI in South Africa broader risks and considerationsBOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 15If the use of AI tools is not explicitly re
84、gulated,and the personal information of data subjects is processed without their knowledge or consent,that could place an organiza-tion or business in breach of its obligations under the Protection of Personal Information Act(POPIA).The issues raised and the possible consequences would then need to
85、be addressed by appropriate policymakers.People and workface enablementSouth Africa already has an unemployment rate of 33%at the second quarter of 2023,17 and AI will very likely lead to further job displacement.In South Africa,as in other coun-tries,that downside can be offset by the new work oppo
86、rtu-nities that AI could open up.To mitigate against the risk of job losses,employers could be incentivized to retain work-ers and/or retrain or upskill employees to transition into roles associated with AI capabilities.They should also champion AI-focused businesses,especially start-ups,as new spac
87、es for employment,and should introduce sup-portive legislation for them.CollaborationThrough Public Private Partnerships(PPPs),the public and private sectors can join forces and pool resources to roll out AI.Collaboration through PPPs would help to prove concepts,and it would reduce the cost and inc
88、rease the speed of a major AI scale-up.It could also ensure that AI solutions are accessible and beneficial to all South Afri-cans,not just an elite few.One option in that regard would be to provide localized AI tech free of charge to everyone as a public service.Of course,it would not really be fre
89、e,because it would be founded by taxpayers contributions,but it might be preferable to the alternatives:becoming reliant on foreign-based private industry to provide crucial AI tech,or having no AI tech at all.Financial underpinningOther crucial participants in South Africas AI roll-out will be Deve
90、lopment Finance Institutions(DFIs)and pri-vate-sector venture capitalists.They will provide relevant financial support and investment opportunities to local businesses,new or old,and to research institutes.They will also facilitate partnerships between international tech companies and local organiza
91、tions,promoting knowledge exchange and capacity-building.This support will foster an ecosystem in which South African AI innovators can thrive.Technological infrastructurePPPs and DFIs can jointly embed one further foundation stone of South Africas AI development tech infrastruc-ture.At the top leve
92、l,data-sharing platforms are needed for building the large and diverse datasets on which AI models are trained.At a local level,stable and high-bandwidth connectivity needs to be available full-time.Only through a major infrastructure upgrade,especially in remote and under-served areas of the countr
93、y,will AIs benefits be fairly distributed regionally and socially.Once all these underpinning components are in place,AI will be positioned with minimized risk and maximum equitability to play a transformative beneficial role across key aspects of South African society.Reassuringly,South Africas AI
94、start-up landscape is far from empty.The country already boasts a variety of start-ups offering helpful AI-enabled services and solutions.Here are four diverse examples:Jumo an online marketplace connects banks with traditionally inaccessible customers to provide loans,savings,and insurance services
95、.Envisionit Deep AI utilizes AI to streamline and improve medical imaging diagnosis for radiologists.Aerobotics provides AI-enabled pest detection,disease detection,drone imagery services,orchard management,and yield management.BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 15FoondaMates f
96、ree AI-powered chatbot provides students with instant access to educational resources such as exam papers,study guides,and explanations for difficult words in more than 10 different languages.17.Statistics South Africa,Quarterly Labour Force Survey Q2:202316 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&G
97、ENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREBy leveraging AI,there are unique opportunities for South Africa to address key areas of historic inequity.Collaborative action is needed now to unlock these opportunities while also calibrating potential risksNihmal MarrieM
98、anaging Director and Partner,BCG South AfricaConclusion:Call to actionFor AI and Generative AI to fulfil their potential in eas-ing or resolving South Africas most pressing societal issues,the countrys citizens will have to play their part,collectively and individually.Public and private sec-tors wi
99、ll need to engage in constant open dialogue,con-certed action,and cross-functional collaboration.As shown above in the use-case profiles,many remarkable benefits have already emerged,and countless more oppor-tunities lie in wait.The risks,known and unknown,will have to be navigated and managed.To th
100、at end,the correct legislative framework needs to be put in place and speedily to match the speedy development of AI itself.Stakeholders should persevere in exploiting and refining existing technologies,seeking new beneficial applications,and pursuing needs-informed research.Throughout,they should r
101、emain mindful of the risks,notably job losses,and push for stronger regulation and mitigating measures as appropriate.If all goes well,AI will live up to its transforma-tive promise,and transform South African society for the better.16 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEA
102、LTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREBOSTON CONSULTING GROUP +WITS BUSINESS SCHOOL +MICROSOFT 1718 SOUTH AFRICA:THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AI&GENERATIVE AI ACROSS HEALTHCARE,EDUCATION,FINANCIAL INCLUSION,AND AGRICULTUREAbout the AuthorsNihmal Marrie is a Managing Director and Partner in
103、 BCGs Johannesburg office.You can reach him at Marrie.N.Igor Lakic is a Managing Director and Partner in BCGs Johannesburg office.You can reach him at Lakic.I.Caio Anteghini is a Partner in BCGs Johannesburg office.You can reach him at Anteghini.C.Asif Valley is the National Technology Officer at Mi
104、crosoft South Africa.You can reach him at Benjamin Rosman is Professor in the School of Comput-er Science and Applied Mathematics at the University of the Witwatersrand.You can reach him at benjamin.rosman1wits.ac.za Martin Bekker is a Lecturer in the School of Electrical and Information Engineering
105、 at the University of the Wit-watersrand.You can reach him at martin.bekkerwits.ac.zaHlulekisile(Lexi)Shongwe is a Consultant in BCGs Johannesburg office.You can reach her at Shongwe.H.For more informationTo learn more about our work on AI,please visit our dedi-cated BCG X website at https:/ and our
106、 dedicated technology and digital advantage practice area website at https:/ publication synthesizes invaluable insights from discussions with experts.The project team wishes to thank them all for their time,dedication,and guidance.Boston Consulting Group partners with leaders in business and societ
107、y to tackle their most important challenges and capture their greatest opportunities.BCG was the pioneer in business strategy when it was founded in 1963.Today,we work closely with clients to embrace a transformational approach aimed at benefiting all stakeholdersempowering organizations to grow,bui
108、ld sustainable competitive advantage,and drive positive societal impact.Our diverse,global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives that question the status quo and spark change.BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting,technology and des
109、ign,and corporate and digital ventures.We work in a uniquely collaborative model across the firm and throughout all levels of the client organization,fueled by the goal of helping our clients thrive and enabling them to make the world a better place.Uciam volora ditatur?Axim voloreribus moluptati au
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111、lesci atibeatur aut que consequia autas sum fugit qui aut excepudit,omnia voloratur?Explige ndeliaectur magnam,que expedignist ex et voluptaquam,offici bernam atqui dem vel ius nus.Nem faccaborest hillamendia doluptae conseruptate inim volesequid molum quam,conseque consedipit hillabo.Imaio evelendi
112、tium haribus,con reictur autemost,vendam am ellania estrundem corepuda derrore mporrumquat.Add Co-Sponsor logo hereFor information or permission to reprint,please contact BCG at .To find the latest BCG content and register to receive e-alerts on this topic or others,please visit .Follow Boston Consulting Group on Facebook and Twitter.Boston Consulting Group 2023.All rights reserved.09/23