《戴德梁行:十五分钟城市-中国商业地产的创新与变革(2023)(英文版)(72页).pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《戴德梁行:十五分钟城市-中国商业地产的创新与变革(2023)(英文版)(72页).pdf(72页珍藏版)》请在三个皮匠报告上搜索。
1、QUARTER-HOUR QUARTERS15-MINUTE CITY LIVING IN CHINAC U S H M A N&W A K E F I E L D G R E A T E R C H I N A R E S E A R C HOFFICEINDUSTRIALRETAILHOTEL2 PART 1 Executive SummaryChinas New Economy Smart,Sharing and Green 3PART 1Executive summaryPART 2IntroductionPART 3A change for the goodPART 4The 15-
2、minute cityPART 5Whats happening in China?PART 6General urban planningUrban public spaceTransit-oriented development(TOD)Ecological solutions4326388444182225CONTENTSPART 7Office The hybrid officePART 8Retail Community retailPART 9Industrial Last-mile logisticsPART 10Hotel Boutique neighbo
3、urhood hotels PART 11Key takeawaysPART 12Appendix4 Part 1 Executive SummaryEXECUTIVE SUMMARYPART 1The changing world has prompted a questioning of our traditional ways of living over the last few years,with many employees globally now working remotely and spending a greater period of their time livi
4、ng within a few kilometres of their homes.To bring about sustainable and beneficial urban development,one concept cities in China can look to further adopt and implement is the 15-minute city concept.The 15-minute city is a fresh concept that promotes urban liveability.In a nutshell,the concept requ
5、ires cities to be planned in such a way whereby citizens of all ages,backgrounds,and abilities in all parts of the urban area are able to gain access to their daily needs,such as lodging,employment,sustenance,health,education,culture and leisure and all be accessible within the distance of a 15-minu
6、te walk or bicycle ride.When considering general urban planning and development in China,one always has to begin with policy.One overriding policy that is trying to transition Chinas development to be more people-centred especially when urbanisation is considered is Chinas 14th Five-Year Plan and Lo
7、ng-Term Targets for 2035,which was published in April 2021.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 5When it comes to urban planning in China,the 15-minute city concept has been already adopted by some cities in China,such as Shanghai and Beijing.In these cities,within particular designa
8、ted areas,all the core amenities and services are now within walkable/cyclable access to all citizens living in the area.Today,in these cities,walkability/cyclability and access to all basic amenities and services for all citizens in an area is fast becoming the basis for general city planning when
9、looking to build new urban areas or renovate/regenerate existing urban areas.When specifically considering urban public space in China in relation to sustainable 15-minute city urban environs,the aim for local governments is to generate all-inclusive citizen-friendly settings that are also economica
10、lly workable.Its not just a matter of simply planning,designing and incorporating a public space which is accessible by a short walk or bicycle ride;ideally it must be a placemaking approach that produces community ownership of public spaces from space planning to space operation and management.Ulti
11、mately,the approach adopted should produce a public space which a 15-minute walkable/cyclable community and visitors alike wish to be active in and wish to spend time in again and again.To interconnect sustainable 15-minute urban environs,it is essential for cities in general,including those in Chin
12、a,to have a well-planned and efficient overall public transport system that is easily accessible,is convenient and cuts both journey times and air pollution levels for all their citizens.One resolution that a number of cities in China have implemented or are looking to implement is transit-oriented
13、development(TOD).Alongside this,national level encouragement and backing in China for TOD is growing,including TOD planning and development,TOD financing,and land set aside for TOD use.The 15-minute city concept also places much emphasis on the need for more green areas,a lessening of the urban heat
14、-island effect,a reduction of the occurrence of flooding,and greater biodiversity.One urban planning model which can certainly assist in this,and which is being adopted and implemented in China is ecological-oriented development(EOD).6 Part 2 IntroductionINTRODUCTIONPART 2The way of the world today
15、has spurred a cross-examination of the way we live.The urban area and its associated design,planning,development and operation,plays and will continue to play a big role in bringing transformational change to address the changing way we live.To bring about beneficial living change that results in su
16、stainably developed urban environs,in this report we will look at the following topics:From here,our report will focus on select commercial property sectors and chooses one subject topic for each sector that will also promote and augment a number of liveability factors within a 15-minute city life c
17、ircle environment.A change for the good;The 15-minute city;Whats happening in China;Policy;General urban planning;Urban public space;Transit-oriented development(TOD),and;Ecological solutions.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 78 Part 3 A change for the goodA CHANGE FOR THE GOODPAR
18、T 3The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a questioning of our traditional ways of living,with many employees globally now working remotely and spending a greater period of their time living within a few kilometres of their homes.To bring about sustainable and beneficial urban development,one concept ci
19、ties in China can look to further adopt and implement is the 15-minute city concept.Lets now examine what this concept means.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 910 Part 4 The 15-minute cityTHE 15-MINUTE CITYPART 4The 15-minute city is a fresh concept that promotes urban liveability
20、.In a nutshell,the concept requires cities to be planned in such a way whereby citizens of all ages,backgrounds,and abilities in all parts of the urban area are able to gain access to their daily needs,such as lodging,employment,sustenance,health,education,culture and leisure and all be accessible w
21、ithin the distance of a 15-minute walk or bicycle ride(Figure 1).Figure 1:Urban vicinity elements considered within the 15-minute city modelSource:bee smart city,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchLocal Shopping CentresLocal Health Facilities and ServicesLocal SchoolsLocal Playgrounds and ParksSafe Streets a
22、nd SpacesWalkabilityWell Connected to Public Transport,Jobs And Services within the RegionLocal Employment OpportunitiesSafe Cycling NetworksLocal Public TransportAffordable Housing OptionsAbility to Age in PlaceHousing DiversityGreen Streets and SpacesCommunity GardensSport and Recreation Facilitie
23、sLifelong Learning OpportunitiesQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 11The concept champions a city which has a plethora of walkable/cyclable self-sustaining liveable neighbourhoods and fewer private automobiles(Figure 2).By advocating this concept,concept-implementing cities are abl
24、e to lessen their use of fossil fuels,augment the quality of life for citizens and continue to push the citys vitality,creativity,diversity and inventiveness for the common good.The advantages of the 15-minute city are many and include:Enhanced sustainability Includes reduced GHG emissions from priv
25、ate automobiles,more green areas,a lessened urban heat-island effect,reduced occurrence of flooding,and greater biodiversity;Augmented liveability and health Includes cleaner air,greater access to green and beautiful areas,strengthened intra-community relationships,less travel time,and more leisure
26、time for physical and mental recreational pursuits;A more even-handed and all-encompassing city Includes more public spaces,more neighbourhood businesses,more socialising,interaction and decision making at the neighbourhood level and a stronger sense of community;A shot in the arm for the local econ
27、omy Means more customers for local shops,more local job opportunities,and more productive use of local commercial buildings and space(Figure 3).Figure 2:The 15-minute city:A shift away from private automobiles to walkable/cyclable urban environs Source:Architonic,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchWalkingWal
28、kingCyclingCyclingPublic TransportationPublic TransportationPrivate CarsPrivate Cars12 Part 4 The 15-minute cityFigure 3:Upshots for a typical 15-minute city Source:Ramboll UK,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchThe 15-minute city In a little more detailDecreased Health InequalitiesImproved Local EconomyImpro
29、ved Livability and Quality of LifeClimate ActionAs defined by Carlos Moreno,the Columbian-French urbanist,the 15-minute city is founded on:Six fundamental human requisites;Three key aims or features,and;Four leading principles.The six requisites are:1.Living Lodging;2.Working Employment;3.Supplying
30、Sustenance;4.Caring Health;5.Learning Education,and;6.Enjoying Culture and leisure.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 13The three aims or features are:1.The pace and tempo of the city should follow human beings,not automobiles;2.Each space should serve a variety of purposes,and;3.N
31、eighbourhoods should be designed for citizens to live in,to work in,and to thrive in.The four leading principles are:1.Ecology for a green,biodiverse and environmentally sustainable city;2.Proximity to live within self-sustaining communities;3.Solidarity to strengthen the connection between citizens
32、;4.Participation to enhance citizen engagement in the continued transformation of their neighbourhoods.When examining cities both globally and in China,the development path has been different for each individual city.Some cities,for example,were first developed before the advent of the automobile,wh
33、ile others were developed after the automobile was well and truly established as a major form of transportation.When considering those cities first developed before the invention of the automobile,many of these particular cities today have an underlying 15-minute city configuration already built in.
34、Many cities in Europe are such examples.In a survey run by Arup in 2019,where respondents were asked how long it took them to walk or bicycle to fundamental amenities,such as parks and shops,it was found that it took Milan and Madrid citizens on average 13.1 minutes;Paris citizens on average 15.5 mi
35、nutes;Berlin citizens on average 16 minutes,and London citizens,a slightly longer average journey of 23.5 minutes.For citizens of cities in China,living in cities/parts of a city which were first developed before the advent of the automobile and those cities/parts of a city which were developed afte
36、r the advent of the automobile,there would also be varying average journey-time answers if the same question were posed to them.In the next section,lets look at urban China and examine the topic of from a 15-minute city perspective.14 Part 5 Whats happening in China?WHATS HAPPENING IN CHINA?PART 5Ov
37、er the last few decades,the pace and unparalleled magnitude of urbanisation has remade Chinas urban environment.At the same time,it has generated both opportunities and challenges for the countrys sustainable urban development(Figure 4).Into the future,how China continues to develop its cities will
38、have many outcomes for its urban citizens,including outcomes related to their quality of life,their access to amenities and services and their social equity status.In short,Chinas future urban development outlook will largely rest on making sure cities in the country are as all-encompassing,accessib
39、le,even-handed and sustainable as they can possibly be.When suitably implemented,the 15-minute city urban planning concept can go a long way in ensuring cities in China can achieve these goals.Figure 4:Chinas urban and rural population change(1950-2022)More than 65%of people in China now live in urb
40、an areas Source:National Bureau of Statistics(China),Cushman&Wakefield Research005006007008009001,000654320192022Urban PopulationRural PopulationMillionQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in Ch
41、ina 1516 Part 6 General urban planningGENERAL URBAN PLANNINGPART 6PAGE 18PAGE 22PAGE 25Urban public spaceTransit-oriented development(TOD)Ecological solutionsPAGE 18PAGE 22PAGE 25When it comes to planning sustainable urban environs in China,the 15-minute city concept has been already adopted by some
42、 cities in China,such as Shanghai and Beijing.In these cities,within particular designated areas,all the core amenities and services are now within walkable/cyclable access to all citizens living in the area.Today,in these cities,walkability/cyclability and access to all basic amenities and services
43、 for all citizens in an area is fast becoming the basis for general city planning when looking to build new urban areas or renovate/regenerate existing urban areas.Just as in the case of universal 15-minute city concepts adopted in other cities around the globe,the ones adopted and implemented in Be
44、ijing and Shanghai are:Welcomed by citizens who dont have an automobile;Inspire new businesses to open close by,and;Help lessen GHG emissions through the avoidance of superfluous travel(Figure 5).Figure 5:Shanghais 15-minute city areasSource:Shanghai Urban Planning and Land Resources Administration
45、Bureau,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 17Walking Time:15 minutesArea:3 sq kmPermanent Residents:50-100 thousand peoplePopulation Density:20-27 thousand people per sq km 18 Part 6 General urban planningGENERAL URBAN PLANNING01URBAN PUBLIC SPACEQuarter-ho
46、ur quarters 15-minute city living in China 19When specifically considering urban public space in China in relation to sustainable 15-minute city urban environs,the aim for local governments is to generate all-inclusive citizen-friendly settings that are also economically workable.Its not just a matt
47、er of simply planning,designing and incorporating a public space which is accessible by a short walk or bicycle ride;ideally it must be a placemaking approach that produces community ownership of public spaces from space planning to space operation and management.Ultimately,the approach adopted shou
48、ld produce a public space which a 15-minute walkable/cyclable community and visitors alike wish to be active in and wish to spend time in again and again(Figure 6).Figure 6:The benefits of good placemakingSource:Project for Public Spaces,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchNurtures&Defines Community IdentityP
49、romotes a Sense of ComfortFosters Frequent&Meaningful ContactBuilds&Supports theLocal EconomyCreates Improved AccessibilityDraws a DiversePopulation20 Part 6 General urban planningPlacemaking is an all-embracing procedure to the planning,design and management of urban public space.Placemaking examin
50、es the current qualities and strengths a local community possesses.This,together with the community and via best-practice placemaking concepts,then expediates the formation and establishment of urban public space that rouses experience and amplifies citizens health,happiness,and wellbeing.Effective
51、placemaking is equally a process and a line of thinking that applies urban design principles.Placemaking can be directed by an official authority and propelled at the grass roots level.Involving all interested parties,best-practice placemaking can enhance underused urban public space to augment the
52、built environment experience at the pedestrian level.Good placemaking needs the wide involvement of a number of participants to design and operate projects and activities because these elements need to be suitable and befitting to the community experience to make the place work to its full potential
53、.This quality singlehandedly distinguishes placemaking from various other community development,economic development and infrastructure development actions and endeavours.Given its multidimensional character and its importance to the community experience,getting the planning and execution right real
54、ly matters.According to the Homes and Community Agency in the UK,there are eight themes where placemaking have a significant change impact.These eight themes are:Governance;Accessibility;Services;Environment;Equity;Economy;Housing and the built environment,and;Society and culture(Figure 7).Figure 7:
55、Eight key themes where good placemaking can have a positive bearingSource:Homes and Communities Agency UK,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchWell Run GovernanceActive,Inclusive&SafeSocial&CulturalWell Designed&BuiltHousing&Built EnvironmentFair for EveryoneEquityThrivingEconomyWell ConnectedAccessibilityWell
56、 ServedServicesEnvironmentallySensitiveEnvironmentPLACEMAKINGQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 21In China,one development which includes many of the themes outlined in Figure 8,is walkable/cyclable,offers a multitude of placemaking inspired activities and is a place that draws bot
57、h local residents and visitors as well as investment to boost the local economy is the West Bund in Shanghai(Figure 8 and Case study 1 in the Appendix).Figure 8:West Bund,Shanghai timelineSource:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchLonghua became part of an important military defence line for Shanghai.Several
58、factories opened in this area,which spurred West Bund on the path to industrialisation.Longhua Airport was built.As the birthplace of the civil aviation industry in China,Longhua Airport became the aviation portal for New China.West Bund has attracted many well-known cultural and art institutions,su
59、ch as the Long Museum.During this time the promenade,which spans 8.4 km,was completed.Moreover,it has successively held activities,such as the Shanghai West Bund Music Festival,etc.A series of facilities to promote Chinas modernisation process,such as Shanghai Cement Plant,were built in this area.It
60、 was not until 2009 that these facilities were closed or relocated to Shanghais suburban area.19th Century 19172010-Present Early 20th Century-2009Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 21Ahead,a place-led method will inspire a sense of purpose in China,and the planning and management
61、of urban public spaces will be executed by an all-encompassing assemblage of people that fosters social capital,shared values,a sense of ownership and a more enriched experience of the place and the city as a whole by urban citizens within their walkable/cyclable and sustainable urban environs.22 Pa
62、rt 6 General urban planningGENERAL URBAN PLANNING02TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT(TOD)Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 23To interconnect sustainable individual 15-minute urban environs within a city,it is essential for cities in general,including those in China,to have a well-plann
63、ed and efficient overall public transport system that is easily accessible,is convenient and cuts both journey times and air pollution levels for all their citizens.One resolution that a number of cities in China have implemented or are looking to implement is transit-oriented development(TOD).Natio
64、nal level encouragement and backing in China for TOD is growing,including TOD planning and development,TOD financing,and land set aside for TOD use.TOD essentially maximises the amount of residential,business and leisure space within walking/cycling distance of public transport.It also encourages an
65、 interdependent bond between compact urban development and public transportation.Moreover,TOD aspires to increase public transport usage by lessening the use of automobiles,which in turn,augments environmental sustainability within the urban area(Figure 9).Figure 9:The advantages of TODSource:WRI,Cu
66、shman&Wakefield ResearchMobility BenefitsSocial BenefitsEnvironmental BenefitsEconomic Benefits Increases access to jobs and amenities city wide Improves access to a low-cost transport solution(public transit/walkable urban space/bicycle infrastructure)Reduces automobile-dependency Revitalises neigh
67、bourhoods Promotes social equity through creation of mixed-income housing near transit Increases accessibility for less mobile Improves health and increase physical activity through creation of walkable neighbourhoods Lowers air pollution and GHC emissions by reducing automobile-dependency and urban
68、 sprawl Reduces energy consumption Promotes the conservation of green and natural spaces Increases agglomeration and access to employees Encourages economic resilience through diversity Energizes local economy Increases property values along corridors to help fund needed infrastructure Reduces infra
69、structure costs Reduces transport cost 24 Part 6 General urban planningTOD more often than not includes a central transportation hub(such as a train station with bus stops)which is bounded by mixed-use development incorporating commercial and residential properties.In addition,TOD is intended to be
70、walkable/cyclable.A good example of an overall TOD project which is walkable/cyclable is the Shibanqiao Future Community in Hangzhou(Figure 10 and Case study 2 in the Appendix).Figure 10:Shibanqiao Future Community,Hangzhou timeline Source:Cushman&Wakefield Consulting,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchThe Z
71、hejiang Provincial Government officially launched a pilot programme for the future development of communities.Shibanqiao Community is listed as one of the first related 24 pilot community development projects in Zhejiang Province.The Centralised Commencement Ceremony for Major Projects with Expanded
72、 Effective Investment was held in Zhejiang Province in Q1 2020.The 537 projects that were started in 2020 focus on high-quality development.Of the 537 projects,a total of 48 projects in Hangzhou broke ground during this time,including the Shibanqiao Future Community Project.The total investment into
73、 the Shibanqiao Future Community project is about RMB9.29 billion.2019March 20202020-PresentGENERAL URBAN PLANNING03ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONSQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 2526 Part 6 General urban planningAs mentioned previously,given one of its four leading principles is centred o
74、n ecology,the 15-minute city concept places much emphasis on the need for more green areas,a lessening of the urban heat-island effect,a reduction of the occurrence of flooding,and greater biodiversity.For example,at the UN Biodiversity Conference held in Kunming,the Dapeng Peninsula in Shenzhen,whi
75、ch experiences recurrent typhoons and storm surges,was designated as the pilot area which centres its development on ecology.In terms of the mitigation of flooding,the Ministry of Finance,the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,and the Ministry of Water Resources studied and selected 20
76、cities to plan and activate pilot sponge city projects in.Once fully initiated,these sponge city projects will go a long way to soak up excess water and not allow this water to behave as damaging uncontrolled runoff water(Figure 11).Moreover,one of the 15-minute city concepts six requisites is focus
77、ed on supplying;in other words a need and a drive for self-sustaining sustenance or food production in the form of urban agriculture.One urban planning model which can certainly assist in this,and which is being adopted and implemented in China is ecological-oriented development(EOD).Following on fr
78、om this,according to MIT and its 10 directional principles for EOD,one important principle is the maximisation of on-site food production and China is also seriously looking to this when it comes to 15-minute city planning and urban agriculture(Figure 12).Source:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchFigure 11:E
79、lements to a simple sponge city system Green RoofsRiverPermeable PavementRain GardenArtificial ReservoirLandscaped Green SpaceWater PurificationWater ReuseQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 27Figure 12:10 directional principles for EODSource:Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MI
80、T),Sekisui House,Cushman&Wakefield Research1.COMPLETE the WASTE and WATER CYCLE:Treat 100%of water and waste(sewer,grey water and storm water)on-site and at all scales.6.RESTORE STREAMS and RIVERS:Enhance and rehabilitate existing waterways.Restore and protect the watershed integrity and enhance it
81、by using technology.3.DESIGN for EFFICIENT ENERGY:Utilise on-site renewable energy technologies in conjunction with site orientation and planning to maximise benefits of passive and climatic power conservation.8.INCORPORATE INNOVATIVE MATERIALS:Use building materials and site products(pavers,walls,e
82、tc)that reduce energy consumption(local materials)and have the potential to adapt to changes.2.INTEGRATE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS:From embedded and ubiquitous digital technologies to EcoEngineering,infrastructure systems and buildings should enhance system flows and combine delivery methods.7.RE-ESTAB
83、LISH HABITAT and WILDLIFE:Retain,construct and restore ecological matrices to support animal species,vegetation and topographical features.Conserve and protect existing features during construction.Connect local level networks to regional systems.4.MAXIMISE ON-SITE FOOD PRODUCTION:Increase self-reli
84、ance and local food production especially of fruits and vegetables.9.PRESERVE CULTURE and HERITAGE:Integrate local values through preservation,protection and integration into new building and landscape design.5.ENHANCE MOBILITY and CIRCULATION:Use new modes of transportation that reduce energy consu
85、mption from local to regional,from personal to shared.Reshape and organise the circulation patterns to correspond to new travel modes and behaviour.10.VALUE EQUITY,HEALTH and HAPPINESS:Improve living and working environments for all demographic and age groups.28 Part 6 General urban planningChinas R
86、esearch Centre for Protected Agriculture&Environmental Engineering(CPAE),part of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,in Beijing is one such organisation that recognises the importance of farming in the urban area.Today,the Centre has no fewer than 40 research institutes which are studying a
87、ll aspects of indoor and vertical urban farming,greenhouse engineering,plant factories,hydroponics and energy efficiency.The Centre recognises that given the climate changeability in China,vertical farms in the region need to be proficient in producing food during the winter when temperatures can ge
88、t as low as-55 degrees centigrade in the northern-most provinces.Subsequently,with developed technology,such as hydroponics,LED lighting,heat pumps and active heat storage,compared to traditional farming,a developed urban farm with natural solar light can improve productivity per unit area by betwee
89、n two and 10 times.With artificial light this increases to 40 times and by including vertical farming techniques this can reach a productively improvement of more than 1,000 times that of a conventional farm.When properly integrated into a 15-minute city plan,urban agriculture can generate many adva
90、ntages,including social and cultural benefits,health and wellbeing improvement,a better environment and more enhanced local economic and community development(Figure 13).Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 29Figure 13:Advantages of urban agriculture Source:University of Florida,Cush
91、man&Wakefield ResearchCreates community cohesion Provides green space for community members to gather Can strengthen social connections and intergenerational relationships Can foster cultural expression and maintenance of cultural heritage Can help to develop a sense of belongingIncreases access to
92、fresh,organic,and culturally appropriate produce Increases preferences for and consumption of fruits and vegetables Mitigates food insecurity Increases food system resilience by maintaining access to food in times of crisis Source of physical activity Mental health&therapeutic benefitsIncreases biod
93、iversity,including pollinator habitat Reduces energy and resource inputs Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution Carbon sequestration by vegetation and crops Temperature regulation in urban areasCreates opportunities for youth education and development Increases property values Emplo
94、yment training&opportunities Entrepreneurial urban agriculture activity can attract capital and create business opportunities Creates opportunities to learn about agriculture,nutrition and sustainability&hththththe e e er r r rapapapap peueueueu i ti ti ti tic c c c b bebebebenenenenefitfitfitfitfit
95、s s s ssusus stataininababil ilit ity y ySOCIAL&CULTURALHEALTH&WELLBEINGENVIRONMENTECONOMIC&COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCommunity GardenMarket GardenHydroponics,Aquaponics,and AquacultureSchool GardenHome GardenUrban FarmFarmers Markets and Community Supported Agriculture30 Part 6 General urban planningAga
96、in,according to MIT and its 10 directional principles for EOD,two further important principles are the restoration of rivers and streams and the re-establishment of habitat and wildlife.Beyond,these natural green spaces also reduce relative temperatures in the city,thereby enhancing liveability.This
97、 is due to greenery shading the city streets and thus reducing the heat island effect.One international EOD project where we can see such improvements at work,is the rejuvenation of Cheonggyecheon in Seoul,South Korea(Figure 14 and Case study 3 in the Appendix).Figure 14:Cheonggyecheon,Seoul timelin
98、eSource:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchCheonggyecheon concreted over.An elevated highway built over Cheonggyecheon.The reopening of Cheonggyecheon.Proposal for the restoration of Cheonggyecheon.Cheonggyecheon continues to attract a large number of visitors from the local area,from the rest of Seoul,from
99、South Korea and from other parts of the world.520032005-Present30 Part 6 General urban planningQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 31Cheonggyecheon involved a massive urban public restoration project undertaken by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in which a concreted-ove
100、r drainage system was converted into a vibrant public recreation space.The 10.9 km sewage stream,which was underneath an elevated highway,carried a massive amount of rubbish and was an unpleasant site for the city.The restoration project called for the removal of the highway and revitalisation of th
101、e stream into the Cheonggyecheon Culture Belt.Through a new network system,a pedestrian road connects the stream with surrounding historic property assets,and traffic flow measures were implemented to reduce congestion and improve the general usage of the highway.The case of Cheonggyecheon illustrat
102、es that even sites that feel beyond repair can be looked at anew through conversion to new and better use.In turn,such efforts can change a community for the better,providing a walkable/cyclable public space for residents and boosting the surrounding community by attracting shops,businesses and othe
103、r commercial activity.The converted stream now provides the city of Seoul with clean water and even helps cool down the nearby temperature by as much as 3.6 degrees centigrade.Overall,this EOD-related project has resulted in the provision of flood protection and has increased biodiversity in the are
104、a by as much as 639%.Importantly,the project has enhanced liveability of the surrounding community and returned the natural environment to the city centre.Over the next four sections,our report will focus on selected individual commercial property sectors and chooses one subject topic for each secto
105、r that will also promote and augment a number of liveability factors within a 15-minute city life circle environment.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 3132 Part 7 Office The hybrid officeOFFICEPART 7THE HYBRID OFFICEFigure 15:Defining hybrid work Source:Ones,Cushman&Wakefield Rese
106、archTechnological advancement and digital change fast-tracked by the COVID-19 pandemic have been major implementors in the acceptance of the hybrid office working model globally and to a certain extent in China.What is a hybrid office?A hybrid office involves the provision of a work platform that al
107、lows employees the ability to either work from the office or work remotely.Within a hybrid office working arrangement,there will be employees who want or are required to work from the office on regular basis,while there will be others who choose to work remotely for most of their working time.Within
108、 the typical hybrid office,space is set aside for meetings,collaboration,socialising and connections and less for individually assigned space.The hybrid office is also designed to provide employees with a balance in terms of work and lifestyle as well as a place to access resources,tools and trainin
109、g,and connect with the companys culture,brand and image(Figure 15).Hybrid work isan approach that combines work at home and work in the office and takes into account the needs of the individual.It provides flexibility in work to employees,and allows them to work in the public workspace when they go
110、back to the office.As a result,employees are able to enjoy a personalised work schedule.25%Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 33Figure 16:Remote working timeline Source:Toptal,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchGeneral global trendThe technology to facilitate a hybrid office working model h
111、as been in existence for some time now,but organisations have generally been cautious to accept a more flexible way of working,especially in China.During the COVID-19 pandemic,however,many organisations around the world,including those in China,had to rapidly adapt and implement a hybrid office work
112、ing system simply to stay in business with the majority of employees in many cases,working from home(Figure 16).15-minute city urban planning Hybrid office points to considerSince the end of the pandemic,the hybrid workplace is now quickly becoming the“next normal”mode of working in many cities glob
113、ally as both office workers and organisations have realised many of the benefits that a hybrid office working model can afford.Today,some people around the globe are going as far to say that the in-office working model that existed pre pandemic is gone there will be no more compacted and assigned se
114、ating office spaces moving forward.Certainly,there will be the hub office located in many cities around the world,but its improbable that organisations will be obligating all their employees to return back to the office in full capacity.The first personal computers hit the scene.J.C.Penney allows ca
115、ll-centre employees to work from home.Enterprise social networking tool Yammer launches(and is later acquired by Microsoft in 2012 for USD 1.2 billion).70%of the worlds population works remotely at least once a week-53%for at least half the week.Video collaboration software Zoom reports 50,800 custo
116、mers with more than 10 employees,a 5x increase from 2017.The COVID-19 pandemic creates a remote work tipping point.Hundreds of millions of people around the world must work from home.The number of telecommuting Americans reaches 1.5 million.Wi-Fi is invented.16K RAMFLOPPY100K BYTES STORAGE1975Mid-19
117、80s2008209871991www70%ONCEA WEEK1/2 WEEK53%50,80034 Part 7 Office The hybrid officeIn due course,the future office workplace in many global city locations,including city locations in China,will be a mix of remote and in-office working,with technology being the key to keeping employees con
118、nected and productivity levels efficiently sustained.Earlier this year,we conducted a questionnaire survey of our office occupier clients in mainland China by asking their views on the hybrid office working model.Two questions which were asked,and which are pertinent to 15-minute city urban planning
119、 are as follows:Question 1 and Figure 17:If adopted,what is the top reason why your organisations employees in mainland China like utilising a hybrid office working system?(Please choose one option).27.27%9.09%45.45%18.18%0.00%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%A.To circumvent the commute to workB.Bette
120、r for individual wellbeingC.Flexibility to balance other responsibilitiesD.Increased work productivityE.Dont knowA.To Circumvent the Commute to WorkB.Better for Individual WellbeingC.Flexibility to Balance Other ResponsibilitiesD.Increased Work ProductivityE.Dont KnowSource:Cushman&Wakefield Researc
121、hQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 35Question 2 and Figure 18:If adopted,on average,how often do your organisations employees in mainland China prefer to work away from the office?(Please choose one option).Top of the list according to our survey for the reasons for hybrid-office-
122、embracing employees in mainland China to continue utilising their enterprises adopted and implemented hybrid office working system is the flexibility the system gives to balance other responsibilities,such as daily living.In second place is being able to avoid the commute to and from work,which can
123、in some cases be a couple of hours.Given the time given back to the employee and the better-balanced lifestyle,third spot is taken up by increased work productivity.Balancing other responsibilities is also a key factor to bear in mind when it comes to the 15-minute city and urban planning.When worki
124、ng within a hybrid office working model,when not in the office,for most of the time,employees will be working from home.Where is the home?More often than not,its in the suburbs.With the potential for more employees to be working in the suburbs during the typical working week,this will mean a greater
125、 requirement for amenities to be made available in these locations,such as restaurants,convenience stores and retail outlets.And all important,needed amenities will need to be in locations that are within walkable/cyclable distance.13.64%9.09%18.18%22.73%4.55%31.82%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%A.1 Day a
126、 WeekB.2 Days a WeekC.3 Days a WeekD.4 Days a WeekE.Full TimeF.Dont KnowSource:Cushman&Wakefield Research36 Part 7 Office The hybrid officeFigure 19:Hub and spoke officesSource:Cushman&Wakefield Research At over 31%,according to our survey,the dont knows took top spot.This is a good indicator that t
127、he hybrid office working system in mainland China is still in its infancy as many hybrid-office-embracing employees are still not aware how many days per week on average they will eventually work.The next largest survey percentage share group is the 4-days-a-week group,followed by the 3-days-a-week
128、group.As time further progresses,the number of average days employees spend away from the office in mainland China is expected to reduce to one,two or three days given the need for face-to-face working,access to work resources,in-person mentoring and training,being made to feel part of the team/comp
129、any,etc.Time working away from the office and at home within a suburban location for one,two or three days a week has the potential to alter city planning in another 15-minute city way.Under the new hybrid office working model,the central office is most used for collaborative work,client meetings,ev
130、ents,training and the use of work resources,but what if there was not only a central office made available to office employees but also several spoke offices located in the suburban areas?This way,rather than tackling a long commute to get into and back from the central office,employees would be abl
131、e to conveniently walk/bicycle to the nearest spoke office to meet with fellow colleagues and key clients,attend an event,participate in job training or even use the office resources and equipment.Whats more,hub office spaces could either be a regional office leased directly from an office landlord
132、or used under a membership contract from a serviced office provider or co-working office provider or a combination of the three alternatives(Figure 19).Regional OfficeServiced OfficeHome OfficeCo-working OfficeCentral OfficeQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 37Moving one step furth
133、er from spoke offices are office pods.Office pods offer a space where an individual user can focus on their work,can take a private call or participate in a conference call or webinar.The same space,if large enough,can also be used by a group of users to congregate for a meeting,for a discussion or
134、for a brainstorming session.Office pods can come in a range of sizes and can be customised in terms of:Interior design;Ergonomics;Exterior and interior colours;Interior and exterior materials;Furniture;Soundproofing;Power supply;Lighting;Airconditioning,and;Incorporated technology(computers,Wi-Fi,vi
135、deo conferencing systems,etc.).Well-designed office pods also incorporate a number of features that are designed to:Ease the nature of work for the user;Promote user health;Elevate user wellness and wellbeing,and;Boost user productivity.Office pods can be housed in many locations around a city.They
136、can be located in office building lobbies,in shopping centres,in coffee shops,in hotels,in residential communities,in airports,in train stations,in public squares or simply on the street thus augmenting and adding value to the 15-minute city concept.Once a network of office pods is established aroun
137、d a city,a reserve-and-use-per-minute/pay-as-go-per-minute system could be utilised by user members to use a particular office pod at any given time.Finally,one example of an organisation which has implemented the office pod concept is Shui On with their WORKX NOW office pod offering in Shanghai(Fig
138、ure 20 and Case study 4 in the Appendix).Figure 20:Shui On WORKX NOW,Shanghai timeline Source:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchThe first experimental innovation social space WORKX SOCIAL LAB was launched in Shui On Plaza.Four flexible office pod modules INNO NOW were launched to test operating proficiency.
139、Shui On added two new WORKX NOW office pod modules in Shanghai Xintiandi,bringing the total number of flexible office pod modules the company runs in Shanghai to seven.The flexible office pod module product range was upgraded when WORKX NOW officially launched in Shanghai Xintiandi.20202020202320223
140、8 Part 8 Retail Community retailRETAIL PART 8COMMUNITY RETAILFigure 21:Consumer satisfaction with community retail features in China(2023)Note:1 is very dissatisfied;2 is dissatisfied;3 is neither dissatisfied nor satisfied;4 is satisfied;5 is very satisfied.Source:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchA good r
141、etail offering is essential to a vibrant community,especially one that is walkable/cyclable.There are a number of ways retail can contribute to the success of 15-minute city communities but one of the most important is community retail.Serving the communityIn contrast to the“one-stop”and/or experien
142、tial retailing offered by regional shopping centres,on-demand community retail is more focused on serving residents within a few kilometres,providing them with the shopping,social,entertainment and parent-child products and services for their daily life.According to Cushman&Wakefield Research,Chines
143、e consumers have put forward further requirements from community retail in terms of environmentally sustainable products and services,the overall shopping experience,the quality of retail-related activities,as well as general retail services(Figure 21).1.03.05.0Environmental SustainabiltyThe Shoppin
144、g ExperienceActivitiesServicesDigitisation(Robots,Self-service Cashier,etc.)Design and Commercial Art DisplayFacilities and Equipment(Washrooms,Maternity Rooms,etc.)Brand MixtureSafety ManagementTransportation ConvenienceQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 39Figure 22:The percentage
145、 of new retail supply types in 16 cities in China(2023-2025)Source:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchIn line with the changing consumer requirements,community retail in China is continually evolving.Through the optimisation of brand mixture,design,architecture and landscaping,community retail is effectively
146、 enhancing the customer shopping experience in China.In addition to supermarkets,retail,F&B,life services and other sectors,community retail has also introduced co-working spaces and services,child-related retail and service outlets,entertainment outlets,clinics and pet service outlets to meet the v
147、arious consumer wants and needs.Some successful community retail projects have even built garden terraces,roof gardens,and parent-child fun piazzas and squares,for the surrounding residents.Nowadays,on-demand community retail is not only the retail carrier to meet the daily needs of the surrounding
148、residents,but also acts as a culture carrier for the community,by holding and hosting art exhibitions,theatrical performances,flea markets,public welfare charity events,parent-child activities and much more in multifunctional theatre/exhibition spaces in the community retail project,in the atrium of
149、 the community retail project,in piazzas and squares outside the community retail project or in other suitable spaces to be found within the community retail project.The cultural activities not only attract the surrounding residents to participate in community activities,but also improve the stickin
150、ess of regular customers,thereby ensuring a steady customer footfall flow to the community retail shopping centre.The growing importance of community retail in China is also exemplified by the future retail project supply numbers in the country.According to statistics from Cushman&Wakefield Research
151、,over the next three years,about 32%of the new supply in the 16 cities we track will be community retail(Figure 22).14.7%Core Area Shopping Centres52.2%Regional Shopping Centres31.7%Community Retail Shopping Centres1.4%Others40 Part 8 Retail Community retailDigitalisationDigital farmer marketsLookin
152、g ahead,to add extra convenience and shopping intelligence and to improve the general shopping experience for consumers,we expect community retail areas in China to go the way a number of other retail areas in major cities in China have recently gone and thats by means of going digital.For retailers
153、,the retail area digital platforms offer a wealth of consumption data to better tweak their marketing,services,products and overall sales.A good example of a city in China which has already gone digital and plans to build around 15 more digital business districts by 2025 is Shanghai.In 2022,Shanghai
154、s Yu Garden business district was selected as a national digital commercial demonstration district and during the year retail commercial sector performance was up when compared to the previous year(Figure 23).Farmer markets are one of the essential facilities in the“15-minute city”life circle concep
155、t in China.They are an important“livelihood project”to improve the daily lives of the surrounding urban residents.According to iResearch,farmer markets accounted for 56%of the total fresh food sold,making them the largest fresh food retail channel in China(Figure 24).Figure 23:Yu Garden,Shanghai Ret
156、ail sector business performance Figure 24:Distribution of fresh food retail channels in China(2020)Source:2022 annual report from Shanghai Yuyuan Tourist Mart Co.,Ltd,Cushman&Wakefield ResearchSource:iResearch,Cushman&Wakefield Research+20%+10%+59%Occupancy RateCustomer Traffic FlowSalesAt the same
157、time,a number of farmer markets around China have also gone down the digital route to improve the customer experience and augment sales.56%Farmer Markets44%OthersQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 41Figure 25:The number of digital farmer markets in first-and second-tier cities in C
158、hina(April 2023)Source:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchIn recent years,the central and local governments in China have introduced a series of policies to encourage the digital transformation of farmer markets.In line with these policy moves and according to the incomplete statistics,the number of digital
159、farmer markets in Chinas first-and second-tier cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Tianjin and Hangzhou has exceeded 3,400(Figure 25).A good example of a successful up-and-running digital farmer market in China is the Dazhigu Farmer Market in Tianjin(Figure 26 and Case study 5 in the
160、Appendix).Figure 26:The Dazhigu Farmer Market,Tianjin timelineSource:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchThe Tianjin Dazhigu Farmer Market was completed and opened for business.The Dazhigu Farmer Market was renovated and opened with a 1,000 sq m floor space increase.Major upgrading under the titles of the“Tia
161、njin Standardised Farmers Market”and“Tianjin Twenty Pro-People Projects”was carried out.2003June 20092018Number of digital farmer markets0050060042 Part 8 Retail Community retailFigure 27:The scale and penetration rate of digital farmer markets in China(2016-2025)Source:iResearch,Cushman&
162、Wakefield ResearchAhead,over the next three years,the digital transformation of farmer markets will accelerate in China.iResearch predicts that the overall penetration rate of digital farmer markets will rapidly increase from 0.4%in 2020 to 15%in 2025(Figure 27).0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%01,0002,0003,00
163、04,0005,0006,0007,0008,0002001920202021E2022E2023E2024E2025EScale of Digital Farmer MarketsScale of Traditional Farmer MarketsProportion of Digital Farmer Markets in the IndustryRMB:billionQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 4344 Part 9 Industrial Last-mile logistics INDU
164、STRIAL PART 9LAST-MILE LOGISTICS On the industrial side,a major component which can impact the success of walkable/cyclable 15-minute cities is the execution of last-mile logistics infrastructure,especially given the expansion of ecommerce in China.Today and tomorrowToday,lorries,vans and scooters a
165、re mostly utilised for last-mile package and parcel deliveries around the world,including in China.With the attention moving towards sustainability and utilisation of green transportation,but also an emphasis on cost and delivery speed and efficiency,the logistics industry in China is presently look
166、ing at various delivery mode options,including autonomous delivery vehicles,delivery robots,delivery drones and fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)that deliver packages and parcels.In the future,packages and parcels could potentially be delivered to a customers home,a customers workplace or ev
167、en a designated collection point using these various modes of conveyance.Given the growth in ecommerce and subsequently the package and parcel delivery business in China,so last-mile delivery logistics in China needs to continually find ways to further improve to continually keep up with the times a
168、nd to continually provide an even better customer service experience for citizens living within 15-minute cities communities.There are many ways to improve,but four key areas to look at are last-mile:Distribution facilities;Tracking;Delivery,and;Collection points.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minute city
169、 living in China 45Collection point improvementsLast-mile delivery can be very taxing for enterprises delivering to customers at an indicated home or business address when the receiving customer is not present to receive the package or parcel at the collection point.This can result in multiple attem
170、pts to deliver by the delivery enterprise before a successful delivery is executed,which usually results in an unexpected increase in fuel and labour costs incurred by the delivering enterprise.Two ways to ensure delivery is made more efficient and convenient for citizens living in a 15-minute city
171、community and is executed each and every time is to incorporate a smart pick up and drop off(PUDO)system and/or a smart self-service delivery locker bank system:A smart PUDO system A smart PUDO system incorporates a selected location for consumers to receive and leave packages and parcels.Generally,
172、smart PUDO sites in China are either staffed counters in existing businesses such as convenience stores,or unstaffed lockers in existing businesses(Figure 28).On the whole,logistics enterprises deliver packages and/or parcels to a smart PUDO location and at the location,the item/s is/are stored,and
173、the customer notified of the delivery.When the consumer arrives at the smart PUDO location to collect a package/parcel,he or she uses a QR code to get his or her item from the smart PUDO location employee or to open the unmanned locker.If a customer needs to return a package/parcel,he or she can eit
174、her book the return using the carriers digital interface or get the store employee at the smart PUDO counter to scan the package/parcel label,depending on whether the smart PUDO location is manned or unmanned.Figure 28:How a PUDO delivery system worksSource:Cushman and Wakefield ResearchCustomer Ord
175、ers OnlinePUDO PointParcel Delivered to theCustomer Collects the Order46 Part 9 Industrial Last-mile logistics A smart self-service delivery locker bank systemSmart self-service delivery locker bank systems can be located anywhere,but many are located in residential communities in China(Figure 29).F
176、igure 29:The design,components and working parts of a typical smart self-service delivery locker bank Source:Cushman and Wakefield ResearchThickness of Metal-From 1 mmRemote Control17-inch Sensor Cells with Chargersfor GadgetsScreenDouble Burglar-proofDoorsVideoSurveillanceand AlarmSystemCash and Co
177、ins PaymentModulePowder PaintCoveringCoins PaymentModuleQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 47Like the smart PUDO system,in many cases these smart lockers have also proven to be popular given the general convenience,the ease of accessibility by both the delivering enterprise and the
178、 customer,the delivery efficiency,the 24/7 availability,the increased package/parcel security,and the fact that 65%of people in China now live in the countrys urban areas.These smart lockers are also operated using a QR code access system.When effectively implemented,smart PUDO systems and smart sel
179、f-service delivery locker bank systems will provide a great deal of benefit to 15-minute city communities by augmenting pick up expediency,boosting delivery proficiency and placing collection points within walkable/cyclable distance.Finally,there is the question of pollution and sustainability withi
180、n 15-minute city communities.Many cities around the world and in China are clamping down on heavily polluting vehicles.In London,for example,the city has established an Ultra Low Emissions Zone(ULEZ)where heavily polluting vehicles are charged on a daily basis if they enter the zone.Naturally,this n
181、ew regulation is impacting the cost of last-mile delivery logistics in the city given that many delivery lorries used in the process are currently high polluters.To get around this,Q-Park in London have come up with a solution,whereby one of their car parks on Park Lane is located right on the borde
182、r of the ULEZ.In their car park,they have teamed up with DPD,a UK logistics firm,to set up a sizeable last-mile logistics hub in the car park.Under the new arrangement,distribution vehicles which do not meet the environmental standards to drive freely within the ULEZ drive into the car park and unlo
183、ad their packages and parcels at the in-car park logistics hub.These packages and parcels are then transferred to smaller more environmentally-friendly distribution vehicles and delivered to the customers within the ULEZ(Figure 30 and Case study 6 in the Appendix).Figure 30:Q-Park,London timelineSou
184、rce:Cushman&Wakefield ResearchQ-Park founded.Q-Park bought the French company Epolia.Q-Park teams up with Tesla Motors.Q-Park named Parking Operator of the Year at the British Parking Awards.Q-Park acquires Massilia Park and becomes the leading car park operator in Marseille.Q-Park reinforces its Dr
185、esden presence.620222016201748 Part 10 Hotel Boutique neighbourhood hotelsHOTEL PART 10BOUTIQUE NEIGHBOURHOOD HOTELSWhen considering hotels and the 15-minute city concept,hotels on many levels can benefit the concept.In this section of our report,we will zero in our focus to boutique neig
186、hbourhood hotels in particular.What is a boutique neighbourhood hotel?Collectively,boutique neighbourhood hotels are unique,intimate,small-inventory-carrying and design,history and/or culture-inspired community-focused hotels.Level positioning is often a lesser consideration for boutique neighbourho
187、od hotels as they concentrate on authenticity and the personalisation of the stay experience and service.Additionally,these hotels further focus on the appeal of beautiful experiences and related factors,including but not limited to the surrounding local nature and environment,the local food,the loc
188、al history,the local culture and the local art(Figure 31).Figure 31:Boutique neighbourhood hotels:Example characteristicsSource:Cushman and Wakefield ResearchUniqueHistoricIntimate/PersonalCulture-inspiredSmallAuthenticDesign-inspiredAll-Round Stay ExperienceQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city livi
189、ng in China 49BOUTIQUE NEIGHBOURHOOD HOTELSFigure 32:Boutique neighbourhood hotels in China:Design considerationsSource:Cushman and Wakefield ResearchOne important feature of a boutique neighbourhood hotel is uniqueness.Often,this is achieved through style,practicality and attention to detail.The st
190、yle needs to tell the story of the hotel and make it one of a kind.To begin with,good boutique neighbourhood hotel design needs to tell a story.Colour,materials and even a central theme related to a factor or factors,such as location,local culture,hotel history,etc.,should be incorporated throughout
191、 the entire hotel to furnish the hotel with a seamless and consistent look that goes a long way in fabricating a well-defined theme(Figure 32).For a boutique neighbourhood hotel to remain true to its name,it is essential to form a strong relationship with the local community and a good example of a
192、boutique hotel in China that engages with the local community on many levels is naked Stables in Moganshan(Figure 33 and Case study 7 in the Appendix).Figure 33:naked Stables,Moganshan timelineSource:Cushman&Wakefield Researchnaked Home established.naked Stables established.naked Water established.n
193、aked Hill established.naked Castle established.naked Valley established.naked Peak expected to be established.20072001720212023StyleLocationColourLocal CultureMaterialsLocal History50 Part 10 Hotel Boutique neighbourhood hotelsAdding value to the 15-minute city concept,the benefits of loc
194、al community engagement are many,including more robust business sustainability for the hotel and community,heightened corporate social responsibility,augmented environmental sustainability and cost reduction.For example,sourcing locally reduces fuel consumption and air pollution.Ways of engaging are
195、 many as well and a few examples of how to connect are:Employing locally;Utilising local products;Organising local tours;Showcasing local crafts;Highlighting local culture,and;Championing local entertainment(Figure 34).Figure 34:Boutique neighbourhood hotels in China:Ways to connect with the local c
196、ommunitySource:Cushman and Wakefield ResearchFinally,boutique neighbourhood hotels are a fairly new concept but given a greater emphasis on the overall stay experience in walkable/cyclable communities by a cross-section of hotel guests in China,this type of hotel is expected to be increasingly favou
197、red for both leisure and business stay accommodation in the future.Employing LocallyShowcasing Local Crafts Utilising Local ProductsHighlighting Local CultureOrganising Local Tour ProductsChampioning Local EntertainmentQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 51KEY TAKEAWAYSPART 11To bri
198、ng about beneficial urban environmental sustainability change that results in sustainable urban environs,one concept cities in China can look to further adopt and implement is the 15-minute city concept.The 15-minute city is a fresh concept that promotes both urban environmental sustainability and u
199、rban liveability.When it comes to planning sustainable urban environs in China,the 15-minute city concept has been already adopted by some cities in China,such as Shanghai and Beijing.One overriding policy that is trying to transition Chinas development to be more people-centred especially when urba
200、nisation is considered is Chinas 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Term Targets for 2035,which was published in April 2021.52 Part 11 Key takeawaysWhen specifically considering urban public space in China in relation to sustainable 15-minute city urban environs,the aim for local governments is to generat
201、e all-inclusive citizen-friendly settings that are also economically workable.To interconnect sustainable 15-minute urban environs,it is essential for cities in general,including those in China,to have a well-planned and efficient overall public transport system that is easily accessible,is convenie
202、nt and cuts both journey times and air pollution levels for all their citizens.The 15-minute city concept also places much emphasis on the need for more green areas,a lessening of the urban heat-island effect,a reduction of the occurrence of flooding,and greater biodiversity.Finally,in order to redu
203、ce the amount of energy used by,and carbon emissions from,buildings in China,including buildings in walkable/cyclable 15-minute city precincts,it will additionally be important to take the next step and go carbon neutral,which requires a carbon balance to be established.Quarter-hour quarters 15-minu
204、te city living in China 5354 Part 12 AppendixAPPENDIXPART 12PAGE 56CASE STUDY 1WEST BUNDSHANGHAIPAGE 58CASE STUDY 2SHIBANQIAO FUTURE COMMUNITYHANGZHOUPAGE 60CASE STUDY 3CHEONGGYECHEONSEOULQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 55PAGE 64CASE STUDY 5THE DAZHIGU FARMER MARKETTIANJINPAGE 6
205、2CASE STUDY 4SHUI ON WORKX NOWSHANGHAIPAGE 66CASE STUDY 6Q-PARKLONDONPAGE 68CASE STUDY 7NAKED STABLESMOGANSHANWEST BUND,SHANGHAIThe rebirth of a disused industrial area2003 Present SummaryShanghais West Bund was a brownfield site that is now a public space populated by green areas,walkways,cycleways
206、 and renovated buildings.It has now become one of the most dynamic waterfronts in core Shanghai.CASESTUDY 156 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 57Overview:West Bund has undergone a development rebirth in recent years and has become an important public space in Shan
207、ghai.With an area of 9.4 sq km and a waterfront length of 11.4 km,it is the largest single designated area along the Huangpu River in core Shanghai.The total real estate development volume is estimated to be over 9 million sq m.Impact:West Bund now has over 281,000 sq m of integrated green space.The
208、 vegetation planted is such that the public can enjoy different landscapes and seasonal flowers;West Bund has won many awards and honours,such as“the most beautiful running route in Shanghai”and China Habitat Environment Example Prize;Over 20 cultural and art venues are to be found in West Bund.The
209、area can host nearly 100 high-quality international events every year.How it was done:Landscaping,building renovation,integration of the waterfront and walkway/cycleway routes in and around West Bund were key to the areas planning and design;The disused runway at the old Longhua Airport was converte
210、d into a runway park,interspersed with water features and green space;Retaining the original appearance and features of the structure,the Yuz Museum was transformed from an old Shanghai Aircraft Factory hanger;Well-known cultural and art institutions,such as Long Museum,Yuz Museum and Tank Shanghai(
211、a park transformed from five preserved fuel storage tanks)were successfully assimilated;High quality events and activities,such as the West Bund Music Festival,the West Bund Food Festival and the Shanghai West Bund Biennial Festival for Architecture and Contemporary Art are held in West Bund.Results
212、:West Bund has been successfully transformed from a disused industrial site and an abandoned airport into one of the most vibrant and dynamic public spaces in Shanghai;Nowadays,the area is a multi-functional recreation park.People can explore the citys history and culture while walking,jogging or cy
213、cling.Key takeaways:West Bund is a continuation of Shanghais overall plan to have a connected riverfront walkway/cycleway.It has become a unique and indispensable part of the Shanghai Riverside Promenade.The existing landscaping in West Bund plays an important ecological role in greening Shanghais u
214、rban area;Being a public space,West Bund is designed to be easily accessible and welcoming to all.Timeline of major milestones reached:Longhua became part of an important military defence line for Shanghai.Several factories opened in this area,which spurred West Bund on the path to industrialisation
215、.Longhua Airport was built.As the birthplace of the civil aviation industry in China,Longhua Airport became the aviation portal for New China.West Bund has attracted many well-known cultural and art institutions,such as the Long Museum.During this time the promenade,which spans 8.4 km,was completed.
216、Moreover,it has successively held activities,such as the Shanghai West Bund Music Festival,etc.A series of facilities to promote Chinas modernisation process,such as Shanghai Cement Plant,were built in this area.It was not until 2009 that these facilities were closed or relocated to Shanghais suburb
217、an area.19th Century 19172010-Present Early 20th Century-2009SHIBANQIAO FUTURE COMMUNITY,HANGZHOURealising the transformation from building houses to building living2019 Present SummaryShibanqiao Future Community is a TOD development which focuses on walkable/cyclable liveability and the neighbourho
218、od,education,citizen health,entrepreneurship,construction quality,transportation,low-carbon development,service and governance.CASESTUDY 258 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 59Overview:By sorting out the existing problems of Wangjiang New Town area in Hangzhous Sh
219、angcheng District and by looking for the reasons for the improvement of regional human settlement value,the project will carry out the reconstruction of business form and the upgrading of functional positioning,so as to make the community a liveable harbour for residents.Impact:The one-stop neighbou
220、rhood centre offers fun for all ages and provides an all-round community governance service;The talent employee apartments are equipped with high frequency usage/visitation living amenities;The neighbourhood cultural park focuses on art exhibitions,theme shows and is a community cultural landmark;Th
221、e nursing centre provides a comprehensive range of health services to the local community;All components within the overall project are walkable/cyclable.How it was done:In terms of spatial distribution,according to the principle of intensive and efficient use of space,Wangjiang sub-district will be
222、 subdivided and restructured into six main functional elements,including the neighbourhood,governance,services,health,education,and start-up businesses;The Future Community will incorporate IoT to provide greater operational efficiency between on and off-line community service functions;In terms of
223、low-carbon energy conservation,the projects residential housing will introduce quasi-passive housing technology to reduce energy consumption.Photovoltaic power generation will be used to power public space lighting.In addition,the project will utilise a comprehensive rainwater collection system to i
224、rrigate the common area landscaping,and pollution-free kitchen waste will be employed to fertilise the rooftop gardens.Finally,the overall project will be walkable/cyclable,thus cutting the need to use automobiles and therefore further reduce GHG emissions.Results:The creation of a walkable/cyclable
225、 neighbourhood with all main amenities and services close at hand;In the future,entrepreneurship services,functional workspace and talent employee apartments are expected to boost employment within the neighbourhood and enhance the notion of a live/work community;Apart from the development being wal
226、kable/cyclable,other features within the development which make it green include photovoltaic panels on buildings for energy generation,smart building systems for energy conservation,an integrated comprehensive recycling programme and utilisation of water-saving schemes,such as greywater recycling.K
227、ey takeaways:As a walkable/cyclable community TOD project,the Shibanqiao Future Community aims to solve many pain points existing in traditional hub communities by improving the happiness index of community residents and implementing optimised low-carbon green construction and operations throughout
228、the project.Timeline of major milestones reached:The Zhejiang Provincial Government officially launched a pilot programme for the future development of communities.Shibanqiao Community is listed as one of the first related 24 pilot community development projects in Zhejiang Province.The Centralised
229、Commencement Ceremony for Major Projects with Expanded Effective Investment was held in Zhejiang Province in Q1 2020.The 537 projects that were started in 2020 focus on high-quality development.Of the 537 projects,a total of 48 projects in Hangzhou broke ground during this time,including the Shibanq
230、iao Future Community Project.The total investment into the Shibanqiao Future Community project is about RMB9.29 billion.2019March 20202020-PresentCHEONGGYECHEON,SEOULThe creation of a green urban recreation space2003 Present SummaryRedevelopment of a 10.9 km creek into a modern green public recreati
231、on space CASESTUDY 360 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 61Overview:Cheonggyecheon represents an impressive EOD urban renewal project,from a concreted over drainage system into a green public recreation space;The EOD urban renewal project was regarded as a solution
232、 to address a 10.9 km sewage stream with accompanying trash and waste,and which had an elevated highway over it.The deteriorating water environment resulted in an eyesore for the city;In 2003,the then Seoul mayor,Lee Myung-bak,initiated an EOD city regeneration project to remove the elevated highway
233、 and restore the stream.The city authority spent about$900 million and completed the project in 2005.Since then,Cheonggyecheon has become popular among local residents and tourists alike.Impact:Cheonggyecheon brings a variety of positive elements to the city of Seoul.This EOD urban renewal project h
234、as introduced a natural environment with clean water;The stream helps to cool down the temperature in the nearby area by as much as 3.6 degrees centigrade;Because Cheonggyecheon has become an important venue for cultural and economic activity,it has been a driving force for the revitalisation of dow
235、ntown Seoul.How it was done:Due to the deteriorating environment,the Seoul Metropolitan Government proposed an EOD urban renewal plan centring on Cheonggyecheon.The highway was removed,and traffic flow measures taken to address any arising traffic congestion;This EOD urban renewal project preserved
236、the unique identity of the natural environment as in central Seoul.Additionally,the surrounding business areas were revitalised through the implementation of the latest information technology systems.Moreover,the plan encouraged a pedestrian-friendly road network connecting the stream with the surro
237、unding historic property assets in Bukchon,Daehangno and Jungdong.This network system is called the Cheonggyecheon Culture Belt.Results:The EOD urban renewal project provides proven flood protection and,between 2003 and 2008,biodiversity in the locality has increased by as much as 639%.On a daily ba
238、sis around 64,000 visitors came to Cheonggyecheons public recreation space;It is a successful case study for a number of other major cities in terms of the preservation of an urban creek and its natural ecosystem.Key takeaways:The Cheonggyecheon EOD restoration project demonstrates a number of posit
239、ives in terms of enhancing community liveability and economic revitalisation through the renewal of a brownfield site;Due to a range of urban issues,including overbuild,natural ecosystems and the natural environment have been overlooked for some time by mega-cities around the world.Re-greening is no
240、w a movement that is addressing some of these issues by bringing the natural environment back to the centre of the city for all citizens to enjoy.Timeline of major milestones reached:Cheonggyecheon concreted over.An elevated highway built over Cheonggyecheon.The reopening of Cheonggyecheon.Proposal
241、for the restoration of Cheonggyecheon.Cheonggyecheon continues to attract a large number of visitors from the local area,from the rest of Seoul,from South Korea and from other parts of the world.520032005-PresentSHUI ON WORKX NOW,SHANGHAIDiversified office space providing choice2020 Prese
242、ntSummaryThe Shui On WORKX NOW flexible office pod product range has established“Diversified Space”to provide organisations and individuals with varied office space choices.This product range is also positioned and able to complement an organisations existing hybrid office working system.CASESTUDY 4
243、62 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 63Overview:With the changing ways of working recently,Shui On has proposed a hybrid office solution encapsulating the principles of“(Core+Flex)x Digital”;In particular,“Core”stands for traditional office space,“Flex”represents f
244、lexible office space,and“Digital”is related to digital solutions;On this basis,Shui On has created the“WORKX”series of products,with WORKX NOW as the latest flexible office pod module product that provides people with a new convenient space with which to work from.Impact:The WORKX NOW flexible offic
245、e pod module enables people to work at anytime and anywhere;The WORKX NOW flexible office pod module utilises green materials and energy while reducing carbon emissions from commuting to the main office;The WORKX NOW flexible office pod module is prefabricated and easy to assemble.This reduces on-si
246、te construction time,noise and pollution;The flexible office pod modules distributed throughout a community effectively contribute to the prosperity of the community and enhance the community living experience.How it was done:The WORKX NOW product consists of lightweight small flexible office pod mo
247、dules that can be placed in various urban locations around a city;Equipped with desks,chairs,and smart devices,they allow users to carry out office work,online meetings,small conferences,and more;The WORKX NOW flexible office pod modules are managed without human intervention and apply IoT ecosystem
248、s with smart locks,smart switches,central control,smart cameras,and a mini programme for reservations;The latest WORKX NOW flexible office pod modules are now in commercial spaces;No longer confined to office buildings,they now enable a true work at any time and from anywhere system of work for all
249、users.Results:Currently,there are seven operating WORKX NOW flexible office pod modules located at Shui On Plaza,Xintiandi Style I,Xintiandi Style II(indoor and outdoor),Hubindao,5 Corporate Avenue and KIC;The product range has achieved a zero-carbon mode of operation,thus promoting the concept of s
250、ustainable development;WORKX NOW flexible office pod modules now provide users with convenient,green,and intelligent flexible office spaces,making it a new workplace choice within the current hybrid office working model.Key takeaways:To meet the diverse office needs of people,Shui Ons WORKX NOW flex
251、ible office pod module product offering was born;Ahead,as flexible office pod models continue to evolve,such hybrid office working products will undergo continuous upgrading to meet the ever-changing office working demands and city living needs of people.Timeline of major milestones reached:The firs
252、t experimental innovation social space WORKX SOCIAL LAB was launched in Shui On Plaza.Four flexible office pod modules INNO NOW were launched to test operating proficiency.Shui On added two new WORKX NOW office pod modules in Shanghai Xintiandi,bringing the total number of flexible office pod module
253、s the company runs in Shanghai to seven.The flexible office pod module product range was upgraded when WORKX NOW officially launched in Shanghai Xintiandi.2020202020232022THE DAZHIGU FARMER MARKET,TIANJIN A digital farmer market with marketplace vibe and technology2002 PresentSummaryThe Tianjin Dazh
254、igu Farmer Market not only transforms and upgrades the operation and management mode of the market by using digital technology such as the Internet,the Internet of Things,and the big data,but also gathers many traditional Tianjin brands and well-known brands with local characteristics,to create a sm
255、art farmer market that allows people to feel the marketplace vibe,while enjoying a high-quality consumer experience.CASESTUDY 564 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 65Overview:The Dazhigu Farmer Market is located in Dazhigu,the earliest settlement in the city and th
256、e birthplace of Tianjins urban commodity economy;Unlike traditional farmer markets,which mainly involve the buying and selling of foodstuffs,the Dazhigu Farmer Market has a“neighbourhood side-street”,which sells small household goods such as clothing,beauty and cosmetics products,daily use items,etc
257、.Impact:The market has been awarded the“National Excellent Model Market”award,the“Tianjin Benchmark Market”award and the“Tianjin Hygienic and Clean Market”award on multiple occasions;The Dazhigu Farmer Market is a digital market with city local characteristics and has become a popular destination fo
258、r both local citizens and tourists.How it was done:The Dazhigu Farmer Market has gathered many traditional Tianjin brands and well-known brands with local characteristics such as:Ren Yi Min,Tian Bao Lou,Da Qiao Dao,Gui Shun Zhai,Zhang Ji Bun,Xiao Bao Chestnuts,etc.;In addition to the vegetable,meat,
259、aquatic products and department store operating areas,a dining area was set up in the delicatessen area to provide a new shopping experience for the public;The market is fully covered by Wi-Fi,each shop is equipped with a digital display screen,and the market carries out a star rating(incorporating
260、a multi-dimensional scoring system which takes into account product quality,product pricing,environmental maintenance and general operation)for shops once every half year,with the highest score awarded being 5 stars;The Dazhigu Farmer Market has its own WeChat official account,which allows consumers
261、 to stay informed of new shops,special offers,the latest prices,and the results of vegetable pesticide residue testing;The Dazhigu Farmer Market has established and developed a set of management systems for food safety and market operations to ensure greater food safety levels are attained.Results:W
262、ith the help of digital technologies such as the Internet,the Internet of Things,and big data,the Dazhigu Farmer Market has transformed and upgraded from a traditional farmers market to one that enhances the shopping experience of consumers.Consequently,sales from the market have increased year by y
263、ear;The Dazhigu Farmer Market now serves 23 surrounding communities and covers more than 40,000 residents.Key takeaways:The Dazhigu Farmer Market is a market that allows people to feel the marketplace vibe,while enjoying a high-quality consumer experience;This 20-year-old Tianjin-characterised farme
264、rs market has become a trendsetter for all farmers markets in Tianjin through the renovation of its facilities and its continual digital upgrading.Timeline of major milestones reached:The Tianjin Dazhigu Farmer Market was completed and opened for business.The Dazhigu Farmer Market was renovated and
265、opened with a 1,000 sq m floor space increase.Major upgrading under the titles of the“Tianjin Standardised Farmers Market”and“Tianjin Twenty Pro-People Projects”was carried out.2003June 20092018Q-PARK,LONDONAn alternative distribution facility location solution1998 Present SummaryOut of new environm
266、ental regulations,a new parcel and package distribution facility was then located in an existing Q-Park car park near Oxford Street in London.CASESTUDY 666 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 67Overview:Last-mile delivery logistics companies are having to function in
267、 an ever-changing world,especially given new environmental regulations that are being placed on some of the most clogged areas of city centres around the globe.Impact:Q-Parks portfolio comprises of more than 570,000 parking spaces distributed over more than 3,000 car parks in the Netherlands,Belgium
268、,Germany,Great Britain and Ireland,France,and Denmark;To keep to the new UK Government environmental regulations,councils in the country have begun to establish low emission zones in city centres with the goal of lessening the number of the highest polluting vehicles on the roads;These zones can be
269、a challenge for last-mile delivery logistics enterprises given the current fleet of fossil fuel-dependent vehicles they use;In this instance Oxford Street in London was identified as one of the most polluted streets in the world and Westminster Council chose to incorporate the street into Londons Ul
270、tra-Low Emission Zone(ULEZ);Affecting many last-mile delivery logistics vehicles,the highest polluting vehicles are not permitted to enter the Zone without paying a daily charge.How it was done:Q-Park established the Urban Mobility Hub in their Park Lane car park which is located on the border of th
271、e ULEZ;DPD,a UK package and parcel distribution company,entered into an agreement with Q-Park to take a good-sized area within the mobility hub to create the Last-Mile Logistics Hub;This logistics hub receives packages and parcels from a larger distribution facility from the existing fleet in order
272、to be close to the end delivery point without entering the ULEZ;The packages and parcels are then to be distributed using smaller but fully electric vehicles to the final destination within the ULEZ.Results:Q-Park has established a last-mile delivery solution which both takes into account existing p
273、ackage and parcel distribution infrastructure and the new ULEZs,which is also assignable to every city in the UK where they have a presence.Key takeaways:Q-Parks Mobility Hub lets logistics businesses to function to the same criterion that they presently do whilst also observing the new UK Governmen
274、t directives established to reduce pollution and congestion in city centres.Timeline of major milestones reached:Q-Park founded.Q-Park bought the French company Epolia.Q-Park teams up with Tesla Motors.Q-Park named Parking Operator of the Year at the British Parking Awards.Q-Park acquires Massilia P
275、ark and becomes the leading car park operator in Marseille.Q-Park reinforces its Dresden presence.6202220162017NAKED STABLES,MOGANSHANConnecting with nature and the community2011 PresentSummarynaked was started in 2007 and has since advocated for the“born naked,live naked”lifestyle throug
276、h its luxury resorts,shared workspaces,and various other products.It is the goal of naked Group to bring the experience of“Fresh,Fun,Green,and Great”to their customers.CASESTUDY 768 Part 12 AppendixQuarter-hour quarters 15-minute city living in China 69Overview:naked Stables tucked among the bamboo
277、forests and tea plantations of Moganshan in Zhejiang province a two-and-a-half-hour journey from Shanghai has become a highly comprehensive eco resort that involves the local community on many levels.Impact:naked Stables villas,encompassing 121 luxury rooms,are designed to be highly energy efficient
278、;The smaller mud Earth Huts are made using rammed earth walls;Here,mud and insulation foam are bound together by a string of concrete to create a thick mask which insulates the hut,meaning less cooling and heating is needed;100%of the reserves water is recycled;To top it all off,more than 150 local
279、artisans and labourers were hired during naked Stables construction phase,while a further 120 villagers from the immediate area work as staff.How it was done:nakeds Base Camp is centred in Shanghai and its resort products started with naked Home(2007)in Moganshan;After the initial success,naked expa
280、nded the idea of a sustainable lifestyle and resort experience into Moganshans naked Stables(2011)and naked Castle(2017),as well as naked Water in Suzhou(2020),naked Valley(2021)in Zhengzhous Fuxi Mountain,naked Hill in Nanjing(2022),naked Peak near Xian,and a few other projects that are in the pipe
281、line and will be launched soon;nakeds strategy is to build luxurious resorts that are inspired by nature,managed with sustainability in mind,designed with quality and embedded within the community.Such dedication and promise has helped naked gain numerous recognitions and acknowledgments within and
282、outside the industry.Results:The 60-acre naked Stables resort is the first resort of its size in Asia to achieve platinum certification in the US Green Building Councils(USGBC)Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design programme;Over 30%of the produce served in naked Stables restaurant is organic
283、ally sourced from the propertys own gardens.Key takeaways:Today,naked Stables is now a very well-known boutique hotel resort in China where guests can readily gain the feeling of being part of the wider local community on many different levels during their stay.Timeline of major milestones reached:n
284、aked Home established.naked Stables established.naked Water established.naked Hill established.naked Castle established.naked Valley established.naked Peak expected to be established.20072001720212023Francis LiInternational Director,Vice President,Greater China,Head of Capital Markets,Gre
285、ater CAndrew ChanManaging Director,Head of Valuation&Advisory Services,Greater CTony SuManaging Director,Head of Industrial&Logistics Property Services,CJonathan WeiPresident,Project&Occupier Services,CDavid ShiManaging Director,Head of Project&Development Services,ChinaCo-Head of Sustainability Ser
286、vices Platform,Greater CAlton WongExecutive DirectorHead of Advisory Services,Valuation and Advisory Services,Greater ChinaCo-Head of Sustainability Services Platform,Greater CDuke ZhenManaging Director,Head of Retail Services,CAlva ToVice President,Greater China,Head of Consulting,Greater CBUSINESS
287、 CONTACTSRESEARCH CONTACTSShaun BrodieHead of Research Content,Greater CXiaoDuan ZhangSouth&Central CThis report was authored by Shaun Brodie,Head of Research Content,Greater China and designed by Sherry Yang.Analysis support was provided by Jane Cai,Jane Ji,Yvonne Jiang,Chao Guan and Vivian Liu.Pro
288、ofreading services were provided by Simon Graham.To better serve our clients our China Research Team has established Centres of Excellence in various focus areas,such as Capital Markets,Occupier Markets,Office,Industrial and Retail.Shaun leads the Research Centre of Excellence for Greater China Occu
289、pier Research.If you have any queries related to Occupier Research in Greater China,please contact:Rosanna TangHong KEason LeeTSabrina WeiNorth CIvy JiaWest CAbout Cushman&WakefieldCushman&Wakefield(NYSE:CWK)is a leading global commercial real estate services firm for property owners and occupiers w
290、ith approximately 52,000 employees in approximately 400 offices and 60 countries.In Greater China,a network of 23 offices serves local markets across the region.In 2022,the firm reported global revenue of US$10.1 billion across its core services of valuation,consulting,project&development services,c
291、apital markets,project&occupier services,industrial&logistics,retail and others.It also receives numerous industry and business accolades for its award-winning culture and commitment to Diversity,Equity and Inclusion(DEI),Envi-ronmental,Social and Governance(ESG)and more.For additional information,v
292、isit .DisclaimerThis report has been produced by Cushman&Wakefield for use by those with an interest in commercial property solely for information purposes.It is not intended to be a complete description of the markets or developments to which it refers.The report uses information obtained from publ
293、ic sources which Cushman&Wakefield believe to be reliable,but we have not verified such information and cannot guarantee that it is accurate and complete.No warranty or representation,express or implied,is made as to the accuracy or complete-ness of any of the information contained herein and Cushma
294、n&Wakefield shall not be liable to any reader of this report or any third party in any way whatsoever.Cushman&Wakefield shall not be held responsible for and shall be released and held harmless from any decision made together with any risks associated with such decision in reliance upon any expression of opinion in the report.Our prior written consent is required before this report can be reproduced in whole or in part.2023 Cushman&Wakefield All rights reserved.