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1、Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change 应对全球气候变化的中国务实行动 (初稿)三年 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change Author Organizations Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES)The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES)is a state-lev
2、el non-profit scientific research institution founded on December 31,1978.As a national research institute and the leading force in the field of ecological and environmental research,CRAES has long focused on the national sustainable development strategy,conducted innovative and fundamental scientif
3、ic research on environmental protection,and is committed to providing strategic and forward-looking scientific support for Chinas economic and social high quality development and environmental decision-making,as well as meeting the engineering and technology needs of major environmental issues in ec
4、onomic and social development.Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)The Institute of Public&Environmental Affairs(IPE)is a non-profit environmental organization based in Beijing,China.Since its establishment in 2006,IPE has developed and operated the Blue Map Database(),and launched the
5、Blue Map app in 2014,promoting environmental information disclosure,facilitating green supply chain and green finance,empowering the green transition and growth of enterprises,and boosting multi-stakeholder participation in environmental governance.Friends of the Earth(HK)Friends of the Earth(HK)was
6、 established in 1983 as a charitable organization and is one of Hong Kongs most prominent green groups.It aims to protect the environment of Hong Kong and neighboring regions by promoting the government,businesses and the public to build sustainable public policies,business practices and community l
7、ifestyles.Friends of the Earth(HK)is committed to improving the quality of life and environment in Hong Kong and the neighbouring regions.It raises the general publics environmental awareness,enhances concern for environmental and ecological issues,and sustainable use of resources through surveys,en
8、vironmental education work,and community activities.Friends of the Earth(HK)currently has more than 16,000 members.Authors CRAES:YANG Pingjian,TANG Zhongshi,CHEN Min,LI Jiaqi,LIU Runpu IPE:MA Jun,MA Yingying,DING Sanshan,XU Xin,ZHU Ziqi Friends of the Earth(HK):YE Guangtao,HONG Aicheng Design:CHEN S
9、huangli,SHI Huan Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change Disclaimer This report was jointly written by the author organizations.The information contained in this report is for reference only and was obtained from public and lawful sources.Therefore,to the best of our knowledge
10、the information is reliable,accurate,and complete.However,it cannot be regarded that the information has any legal basis or that its veracity is assumed by the author organizations.The author organizations may supplement,correct,and revise the information in this report in accordance with legal requ
11、irements and actual circumstances,and will publish such supplements,corrections or revisions as quickly as possible.The author organizations do not accept responsibility for any direct or indirect consequences arising from the publication of information in this report.Any quotations from the report
12、must be referenced to the author organizations of the report and should not be used incorrectly,out of context,or in an abridged or amended manner.This report has been translated into English by for reference purposes only.If any questions arise related to the accuracy of the information contained i
13、n this translated version,please refer to the Chinese version of the report,which is the official version.The right to final interpretation,modification and updating of the report is solely reserved by the author organizations.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change i Executive
14、 Summary In recent years,extreme weather events such as heat waves,wildfires,droughts and floods have become more frequent,and climate impacts have increased around the world.At this critical moment,the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement will take place at COP28.Climate change is a crisis
15、 that affects all of humanity and must be addressed through multi-stakeholder participation and synergistic action.As non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and members of the public,we are also passionate about climate change and are willing to take stock of what is happening around us from an unoffic
16、ial perspective.Therefore,the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)and Friends of the Earth(HK)have set up a joint research team to study and publish the report Chinas Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change.Prelim
17、inary results of the stocktaking show that the Paris Agreement has focused global attention on the climate crisis,with more than 150 countries making carbon neutral pledges;however,at the implementation level,while there has been some progress,it is still far from sufficient to address the serious c
18、limate situation,1 and global greenhouse gas emissions have increased rather than decreased for the second year in a row.In this regard,the research team believes that whether the first global stocktake can be an important turning point in the implementation of the Paris Agreement will depend on how
19、 it promotes implementation as a starting point,focuses on Parties compliance actions,and drives consensus on solutions for the period to 2030 and beyond.As a responsible developing country,China plays an important role as a participant,contributor,and leader in global climate governance.On Septembe
20、r 22,2020,President Xi Jinping announced at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China will strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.The proposal of this dual carbon target is Chinas solemn commitment to the world;an important strateg
21、ic decision made by Chinas top decision-makers after careful consideration,taking into account of domestic and international situations;and a manifestation of Chinas commitment to actively respond to the global climate crisis and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.B
22、y taking stock of the ten major actions taken by China to respond to climate change and fulfil the carbon peaking and neutrality commitment,the research team analyzed how the nation has developed a top-level design centered on the formulation of the 1+N policy system,formed an overall strategy to ac
23、tively and 1 Technical dialogue of the first global stocktake,Synthesis report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue,Page 4 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change ii steadily promote carbon neutrality,and guided the participation of the provinces and cities,industri
24、al sectors and the wider society to carry out pragmatic emission reduction measures.The research team believes that China has made positive progress in the implementation of the dual carbon commitment and the Paris Agreement,and that there is significant potential for accelerated progress.Chinas Ten
25、 Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change Chinas first step in fulfilling the dual carbon commitment and implementing the Paris Agreement is to build a 1+N policy system,starting from the top-level design and forming a comprehensive deployment strategy.In 2021,the CPC Central Committee and
26、 the State Council issued the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy and the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030,which further established the objectives to actively and steadily promote c
27、arbon peaking and carbon neutrality work and synergistically promote concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions,reduce pollution,expand green development,and pursue economic growth in the overall policy outline of CPC.Under this guidance,since 2021,the relevant departments have issued 12 implementati
28、on plans for key areas and industries and 11 supporting plans,including the latest Action Plan for Methane Emission Control issued in November 2023.Local carbon peaking implementation plans are an important part of the 1+N policy system.Through the study on Chinas Provincial Dual Carbon Index co-dev
29、eloped by CRAES and IPE,the research team found that all 30 provincial-level administrations evaluated have formulated their own carbon peaking implementation plans,and 29 of them have committed to achieving carbon peaking by 2030.In addition,the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)stands
30、out in setting climate targets and developing implementation roadmaps.The second key measure in China s proactive climate action and implementation of the dual carbon commitment is through pilot projects in leading regions.Chinese cities,which account for up to 85%of the countrys total carbon emissi
31、ons,are key players in implementing the dual carbon commitment.The evaluation of the progress and effectiveness of the pilot cities,organized by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,and the evaluation of the Chinese City Dual Carbon Index,co-conducted by CRAES and IPE,show that the early-stage pi
32、lot implementations have achieved positive results.The National Carbon Peaking Pilot Project Plan issued in October 2023 proposes to select 100 cities and zones with representativeness to explore carbon peaking pathways,so as to provide operable,replicable and feasible experiences and practices to s
33、upport carbon peaking at the national level.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change iii The third key measure in Chinas proactive climate action and implementation of the dual carbon commitment is the acceleration in energy transition through large-scale renewable energy develo
34、pment.In the face of global energy market turbulence and geopolitical tensions,China has been vigorously developing renewable energy while improving the efficiency of traditional energy sources.In 2022,the development of new energy sources,mainly photovoltaic(PV)and wind power,surged,and the depende
35、nce on both oil and natural gas declined for the first time year-on-year in 30 years.In 2023,Chinas total non-fossil fuel energy power generation capacity exceeded 1.3 billion kilowatts,historically surpassing coal power,2 and the installed capacity of wind power,solar PV,hydropower and biomass powe
36、r generation ranked first in the world3.Through the Chinese Provincial Dual Carbon Index evaluation,the research team found that regions have demonstrated particular ambition in setting targets for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar,and are proactively promoting these targets.In the wes
37、tern region rich in wind and solar resources,large-scale solar PV and wind power bases have been planned and constructed;meanwhile,in the economically developed and densely populated east-central region,distributed solar PV is expanding at an extraordinary rate,with a year-on-year growth of 90%in th
38、e first three quarters of 2023,and the cumulative installed capacity of household distributed PV nationwide has exceeded 100 gigawatts(GW).The research team predicted that China will reach its national target of 1200 GW of installed solar and wind power capacity set for 2030 by 2025.At the same time
39、,relevant planning on energy storage,hydrogen energy,etc.has also been introduced to accelerate industry development.The fourth key action in Chinas proactive climate action and implementation of the dual carbon commitment is the vigorous promotion of energy conservation,carbon reduction and efficie
40、ncy in the industrial and energy sectors.Industrial emissions account for about 68%of Chinas total emissions.4 By promoting energy efficiency and circular economy,the national CO2 emission intensity has decreased by more than 51%in 2022 compared with 2005,resulting in a reduction of nearly 3 billion
41、 tons of CO2 over the past decade.With the implementation of the Carbon Dioxide Peaking in the Industrial Sector Implementation Plan,climate action in Chinas major carbon emitting industries is accelerating,with nearly 40%of the 30 listed steel companies announcing their climate targets,6 companies
42、planning to peak carbon emissions by 2023,more than half of the listed steel companies disclosing their carbon emissions data,and 10 disclosing their product carbon footprint data.2 http:/ 3 Speech by ZHAO Yingmin,Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment,at the China Development Forum 2023 Annual Me
43、eting,China Development Forum,2023-03-28 4 https:/ Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change iv With economic globalization and industrial division of labor,GHG emissions from supply chains have become the largest portion of emissions for many multinational companies,but the comp
44、lex multi-tiered procurement system has also made supply chains a difficult area for industrial emissions reduction.IPEs 2023 Green Supply Chain CITI Index evaluation shows that Chinas historic progress made in environmental transparency over the past decade has empowered the green transformation of
45、 supply chains in the country.The 2023 Supply Chain Corporate Climate Action CATI Index evaluation shows that 44.2%of the 742 Chinese and global brand companies evaluated have disclosed Scope 3(value chain)emissions data,more than double the number in 2021;and 50 companies have measured and disclose
46、d their product carbon footprint.The fifth major action in Chinas implementation of the dual carbon commitment is to promote urban and rural green development.By promoting changes in urban and rural development mode,the cumulative target area in 12 provinces,including Shanghai,Beijing,Hebei and Heil
47、ongjiang for zero-carbon buildings and near-zero energy consumption buildings has reached 50.3 million square meters.Meanwhile,by the end of 2021,the area of cleaner heating in northern regions has reached 15.6 billion square meters,and the cumulative replacement of civic bulk coal has exceeded 150
48、million tons,contributing to more than one-third in the reduction of PM2.5 concentration and the improvement of air quality in China.With its rich geothermal resources,China has vigorously promoted the application of geothermal energy.By the end of 2020,Chinas installed capacity of direct geothermal
49、 use reached 40.6 GW,accounting for 38%of the worlds total,ranking first in the world for many consecutive years5.Chinas proposed target is that by 2025,the national geothermal energy heating(cooling)area will increase by 50%compared with 2020,and the national installed capacity of geothermal energy
50、 power generation will double compared with 20206.The sixth key measure is to vigorously promote low-carbon transportation in Chinese cities.Transportation accounts for about 15%of the countrys carbon emissions.In 2022,the penetration rate of electric vehicles has reached 25.5%,with a growth rate of
51、 85%,ahead of the national 14th Five-Year Plan target of 20%.According to the latest data from the China Passenger Car Association(CPCA),the penetration rate has further increased to 32.4%in the first half of 2023.Chinas national electric charging infrastructure has grown from hundreds of thousands
52、of units at the beginning of the 13th Five-Year Plan to nearly 7 million 5 Top of the world!Chinas installed capacity of direct geothermal use accounts for 38%of the worlds total,Guangming Daily,2021-10-28 6 Chinas direct geothermal use scale tops the world,Xinhua,2021-9-15 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Acti
53、ons to Address Global Climate Change v units today,an increase of more than 60 times,becoming one of the largest in number,widest in range of services,and the most complete in varieties and types in the world.From January to July 2023,the charging volume of electric vehicles in China reached 44.14 b
54、illion kWh,an increase of 99.6%over the same period last year,and already a surpass over last years total charging volume.The seventh key measure in Chinas implementation of the“dual carbon”commitment is to greatly enhance the carbon sink capacity.Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems can
55、 synergize the response to climate change and biodiversity conservation.In April 2023,the Ministry of Natural Resources and four other departments in China jointly issued the Implementation Plan for Consolidating and Improving Carbon Sink Capacity.Through large-scale actions to green the national te
56、rritory,more than 6.66 million hectares of national territory have been greened since the“14th Five-Year Plan”,with a forest stock of 19.49 billion cubic meters,making China the country with the fastest-growing forest resource in the world.The eighth key measure in Chinas implementation of the“dual
57、carbon”commitment is to strengthen green finance and carbon market.China has been vigorously promoting green finance and transition finance,and by the end of June 2023,Chinas green loan balance has increased by 38.4%year-on-year;the central banks carbon emission reduction support tool has supported
58、financial institutions to issue carbon emission reduction loans of more than RMB 750 billion,leading to annual carbon emission reduction of more than 150 million tons of CO2e.The worlds largest carbon market,launched in July 2021,has pushed enterprises to disclose about 3.8 billion tons of carbon em
59、issions.In October 2023,the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the State Administration for Market Regulation has jointly issued the Management Measures for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading(Trial),marking the imminent launch of the voluntary emission reduction trading market.
60、As an international financial center,Hong Kong has been developing rapidly in the field of green and sustainable finance.To date,the HKSAR governments cumulative green bond issuance has reached US$24 billion,and it has set a number of records,including the issuance of the worlds largest retail green
61、 bond,the worlds first tokenized green bond using distributed ledger technology,and the first USD 30-year green bond and EUR 20-year green bond issued by an Asian government.In addition,Hong Kong remains the largest listing venue for Chinese offshore green bonds,accounting for 16%of Chinas green bon
62、d market in 2022.Hong Kong has the conditions and advantages to develop into a green finance hub in the region and become the financing platform of choice for green businesses and projects.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change vi The ninth important measure in Chinas proactiv
63、e climate action and implementation of the dual carbon commitment is to engage citizens in green and low-carbon actions.Promoting the formation of green development and green lifestyles is a profound revolution in the concept of development.To further promote green lifestyle choices,the Ministry of
64、Ecology and Environment and five other departments jointly issued the newly revised Ten Code of Conducts for Citizen in Ecological&Environmental Protection(hereinafter referred to as the“Code of Conducts”)on June 5,2023.The Code of Conducts includes caring for the ecological environment,conserving e
65、nergy and resources,practicing green consumption,choosing low-carbon travel options,sorting garbage,reducing pollution,caring for nature and ecology,participating in environmental protection,participating in environmental supervision,and building a beautiful China,etc.The Code of Conducts aims to gu
66、ide citizens to fulfil their duties and responsibilities for ecological and environmental protection,and to form a simple,moderate,green,low carbon,civilized and healthy lifestyle to build a modernized world where man and nature coexist in harmony.In recent years,relevant departments in various regi
67、ons have systematically promoted green lifestyles and urged the public to develop a sense of environmental conservation by consciously participating in the clear your plate campaign,saving water,electricity and energy,sorting garbage,rejecting overpackaging and reducing the use of disposable plastic
68、 products.IPE and Vanke Foundation have developed a garbage sorting index and conducted evaluations,and found that in Suzhou,Shanghai and other cities,the mechanism of household garbage sorting has been established,and the habit of sorting has been formed among local residents.In addition,many regio
69、ns in China are proactively exploring the innovative voluntary carbon reduction mechanism of the Tan Pu Hui system,and actively mobilizing various social forces to join the emission reduction action.The tenth key measure is to expand bilateral and multilateral cooperation,jointly address climate cha
70、nge with countries around the world.As a responsible major developing country,China is deeply involved in global climate governance.In 2021,China announced that it would not build any new coal power projects outside its borders and would support other developing countries in their green and low-carb
71、on initiatives,reflecting the nations determination and commitment to promoting global climate governance.In recent years,China has actively used international platforms to participate in global climate governance,strengthened South-South cooperation on climate,promoted the construction of the Belt
72、and Road(BRI)International Green Development Coalition,and provided financial support and Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change vii action plans to a large number of developing countries.China has deepened bilateral and multilateral climate cooperation with developing countri
73、es,helped small island states and other climate-vulnerable regions strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation mechanisms,and continuously strengthened cooperation with less-developed regions such as Africa.In 2021,China and Africa signed the Declaration on China-Africa Cooperation on Combating Cl
74、imate Change,and launched a three-year China-Africa action plan.In September 2023,at the inaugural Africa Climate Summit,Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu announced the plan of launching an Africa Solar Belt programme,which will assist African countries in developing and utilizing sol
75、ar energy resources,and provide electricity to light for 50,000 poor families.Although numerous climate actions and good practices have not been included in this stocktake report due to limitations in our vision and capabilities,the research group still believes that China has made positive progress
76、 in implementation of its dual carbon commitments and the Paris Agreement,while also forming significant potential for accelerating progress.Looking ahead to 2030,the research team believes that given the significant gap in global emission reductions and the huge challenge of meeting the temperature
77、 control targets of the Paris Agreement,there is an urgent need for the world to focus on pragmatic actions together.With this in mind,we are launching the“Public Initiative for a Global Focus on Pragmatic Actions and Collaboration to Address Climate Challenge”in Dubai.We call for joint efforts to u
78、phold the objective and principles and institutional arrangements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,focusing on practical actions that contribute to emissions reduction and climate change adaptation,maintaining the continuity,stability,and consistency of climate policies,a
79、voiding empty slogans,excessive commitments,and ineffective implementation;we call for joint efforts and genuine cooperation in addressing the climate crisis,abandoning the zero-sum game mindset and avoiding unfair competition in the name of addressing climate change;we call on the first-mover count
80、ries to assume their historical responsibility and take the lead in drastically reducing their emissions,while genuinely fulfilling their commitments in terms of financial support,etc.;and on the later-mover countries to avoid the extensive development model of high consumption,high emissions and hi
81、gh pollution,and achieve development through a more climate-friendly approach.Given that production activities are the main source of global greenhouse gas emissions,we call for the deep decarbonization of the entire industrial chain through Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Cha
82、nge viiimarket mechanisms,effectively promoting the construction of zero carbon supply chains,providing zero-carbon products and services to the public,and making concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions,reduce pollution and expand green development;And as the lifestyles and behaviors of the genera
83、l public become an increasingly important factor in influencing the green transformation,we call on the worlds 8 billion citizens to take action to shape a green,low-carbon lifestyle and to work together to promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Earth is our home,and climate chang
84、e is putting our planet home in great danger.As citizens,each of us suffers from it,and each of us can also be a savior.We hope that the Parties to the Paris Agreement and leading companies with influence and climate ambition will take the lead in action,and that all citizens from all walks of life
85、will pay attention and participate,focusing on pragmatic action,solidarity and cooperation to fight climate change,accelerate the global Race to Zero,and protect our planet home together.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change Contents Executive Summary.i Main Body.-1-I Top-lev
86、el design to strengthen policy leadership.-3-1.Strengthen top-level design at the central level and enhance coordination and leadership.-3-Column 1:Carbon peaking and neutrality 1+N policy framework.-4-2.Develop supporting and safeguarding plans in key areas and industries.-5-3.Regions introduce imp
87、lementation plans in the light of their own realities.-11-Column 2:Hong Kongs Climate Action Plan 2050.-14-II Pilot actions unfold new leadership benchmark.-15-1.Pilot action on urban green and low-carbon transition.-15-Column 3:Zhejiang promoting low-carbon pilot construction.-16-Column 4:Shenzhen
88、building its own 1+N policy framework.-17-2.Green,low-carbon technologies and innovative actions.-18-Column 5 HBIS Group pioneered the zero reforming shaft furnace direct reduction technology for hydrogen-rich gas.-20-Column 6:Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Project creates many world firsts.-21-III Achie
89、vement of low-carbon energy transition attracts global attention.-21-1.Renewable energy targets on track to be met five years ahead of schedule.-22-Column 7:World record for all-clean power supply in Qinghai.-23-Column 8:Renewable energy industry in Tongchuan .-27-Column 9:Yancheng,Nantong twin citi
90、es each built million kilowatts of offshore wind power base.-29-2.Low-carbon transition of traditional energy sources advances.-30-IV Remarkable achievements in industrial energy conservation,carbon reduction,and efficiency improvement.-32-1.Industrial sector actively promotes carbon peaking.-32-Col
91、umn 10:Ordos creates zero carbon industrial parks.-35-2.Industrial energy efficiency and carbon reduction actions.-35-Column 11:Wenzhou Yueqings implementation of“carbon reforms”.-38-3.Circular economy facilitates pollution and carbon reduction.-39-Column 12:Baosteel increase the proportion of scrap
92、 steel short process steelmaking,Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change the initial construction of scrap steel reuse mechanism.-40-Column 13:Circular economy carbon way-Shanghais first national eco-industrial demonstration zone.-41-V Remarkable results in green development of
93、 urban and rural construction-42-Column 14:Geothermal energy clean heating project in Meixian county,Shaanxi.-45-VI Low-carbon transition of transportation leads the world.-45-Column 15:The China Automobile Industry Chain Carbon Publicity Platform(CPP).-48-VII Increase the ecosystem carbon sequestra
94、tion capacity.-48-Column 16:China aims to protect,restore and plant 70 billion trees by 2030.-50-VIII Green finance and carbon markets help reduce emissions and increase efficiency.-51-Column 17:the Postal Savings Bank promotes carbon accounting for lending companies-56-IX Public participation in gr
95、een and low-carbon actions has taken root.-57-Column 18:Beijing Winter Olympics deliver on carbon neutrality promise.-60-Column 19:Guangdong promotes“Tan Pu Hui”initiative for emission reduction.-61-Column 20:China Products Carbon Footprint Factors Database(CPCD)and the“Carbon Ease Check”Tool.-63-Co
96、lumn 21:Friends of the Earth(HK)Earth Day Forum.-66-Column 22:Carbon Talk cartoon popularization.-67-X Expand international cooperation to address climate crisis.-67-Column 23:China Halts New Coal Power Projects Overseas and Promotes Energy Transition in Developing Countries.-68-Column 24:Chinas lar
97、gest wind power construction project in Southeast Asia:Laos Monsoon Wind Farm.-72-Column 25:10 years results of the Green Belt and Road.-73-Global Initiative on Pragmatic Solutions and Collaboration to Address Climate Change Challenge.-75-Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change
98、 -1-Main Body In response to global climate change,the Paris Agreement established a new,non-intrusive global climate governance mechanism by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to further limit the temperature increase to 1.5
99、C.This mechanism was supported by a majority of Parties and entered into force in December 2016.Under the Paris Agreement,countries have taken various measures and actions to promote global greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reductions in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsib
100、ilities and respective capabilities.As agreed in the Paris Agreement,Parties are required to submit Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)Secretariat every five years.The first global stocktaking of the implementation of the Pari
101、s Agreement will take place at the 28th Conference of the Parties(COP28)to the UNFCCC in Dubai,United Arab Emirates,at the end of November 2023.The results of the stocktaking will be used to determine the way forward.We believe that the global stocktaking is an important mechanism for promoting the
102、implementation of the Paris Agreement,and that it should take the promotion of implementation as its starting point,focusing on the real progress made by States Parties in implementing the Agreement rather than on empty targets and slogans,and be solutions-oriented in order to better leverage the ef
103、fectiveness of the mechanism.Climate change is a crisis that affects all of humanity and must be addressed through multi-stakeholder participation and synergistic action.As non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and members of the public,we are also passionate about climate change and willing to take s
104、tock of what is happening around us from an unofficial perspective.To this end,the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES),the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)and Friends of the Earth(HK)have formed a joint research team to conduct this study.As a responsible deve
105、loping country,China plays an important role as a participant,contributor,and leader in global climate governance.On September 22,2020,President Xi Jinping announced at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly that China will strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon
106、 neutrality before 2060(hereinafter referred to as the“dual carbon”target).The proposal of this dual carbon target is Chinas solemn commitment to the world;an important strategic decision made by Chinas top decision-makers after careful consideration,taking into account of domestic and international
107、 situations;an indispensable requirement for China to strive to solve the pressing problems of resource and environmental constraints,and realize high-quality and sustainable Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -2-economic and social development;and a manifestation of China
108、s commitment to actively respond to the global climate crisis and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.In this stocktaking,we can see that to implement the dual carbon commitment,China has put forward a comprehensive strategy to promote carbon peaking and carbon neutr
109、ality,guided by the top-level design of the 1+N policy system and supported by the active and steady participation of regions,industries and the public in emission reduction measures.The analysis of the top-level design and the dual carbon action shows that Chinas response to climate change and the
110、implementation of the Paris Agreement have made positive progress,and there is great potential to accelerate.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -3-I Top-level design to strengthen policy leadership The fundamental way forward in combating climate change is to achieve a bal
111、ance between global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals as soon as possible.As the worlds most populous country and second largest economy,China is the worlds largest emitter of carbon dioxide(CO2),has not yet peaked in CO2 emissions,and is under increasing international pressure to
112、reduce its emissions.Given the realities of a heavy industrial structure,a coal-based energy structure,a road-based transportation structure,and an economy that is still at the stage of a developing country,China can only start from the top,and through strong policies and measures,synergistically cu
113、t carbon emissions,reduce pollution and expand green development,and form a comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation,so as to effectively promote the development of regions and industries with very different development stages and emission reduction capacities.Only then will it realize a ju
114、st transformation that is innovative,coordinated,green,open and shared in development,and benefits peoples livelihoods and well-being.1.Strengthen top-level design at the central level and enhance coordination and leadership From the perspective of top-level design,in 2021,the central level has firs
115、t issued the CPC Central Committee and the State Council Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy and the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030,which made systematic planning and overall deplo
116、yment of the green and low-carbon transition development and the work of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.In the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC in 2022,it was clearly stated that we will work actively and prudently work toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carb
117、on neutrality,promote concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions,reduce pollution,expand green development,and pursue economic growth;we will prioritize ecological protection,conserve resources and use them efficiently,and pursue green and low-carbon development.The National Conference on Ecological
118、Environmental Protection held in July 2023 calls for proper addressing the issues of high-quality development and high-level protection,focusing on problem solving and coordinated management,natural recovery and artificial restoration,external constraints and internal dynamics,dual carbon commitment
119、 and independent action,and actively and prudently promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as a key task in building a beautiful China.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -4-Column 1:Carbon peaking and neutrality 1+N policy framework Communist Party of China(CPC)Cent
120、ral Committee and the State Council issued the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy,as the 1,is the overall management of the long-term,and plays an overarching role in the 1+N policy framework of carb
121、on peaking and neutrality.The Guidance,together with the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030,will constitute a top-level design running through the two phases of carbon peaking and neutrality.The N includes implementation programs for energy,industry,transportation,urban and rural con
122、struction and other sub-fields and subsectors of carbon peaking,as well as guarantee programs for scientific and technological support,energy security,carbon sink capacity,financial and pricing policies,standards and measurement systems,and inspections and assessments.A series of documents will buil
123、d up a carbon neutrality policy system with clear objectives,reasonable division of labor,forceful measures and orderly connection.The Guidance 1 proposed five main objectives,including building a green,low-carbon and circular economic system,improving energy efficiency,increasing the proportion of
124、non-fossil energy consumption,reducing carbon dioxide emissions,and enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems.At the same time,it adhered to the concept of system and proposed 31 key tasks in 10 areas,which clearly defines the roadmap and construction plan for carbon peaking and neutrality.Fi
125、rstly,to promote comprehensive green transition of economic and social development,strengthen the planning and leadership of green and low-carbon development,optimize the regional layout of green and low-carbon development,and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle.Secondly,to de
126、eply adjust the industrial structure,accelerate the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture,industry and services,resolutely curb the blind development of high energy consuming and high emission projects,and vigorously develop green and low-carbon industries.Thirdly,to accelerate the construc
127、tion of the clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient energy system,strengthen the dual-control of the intensity and total amount of energy consumption,significantly improve the efficiency of energy utilization,strictly control the consumption of fossil fuels,actively develop non-fossil fuels,and deepen t
128、he reform of the energy system and mechanism.Fourthly,to accelerate the construction of a low-carbon transport system,optimizing the transport structure,promoting energy conservation and low-carbon means of transport,and actively guiding low-carbon travel.Fifthly,to enhance the quality of green and
129、low-carbon development in urban and rural construction,promote the low-carbon transition of urban and rural construction and management modes,vigorously develop energy conservation and low-carbon buildings,and accelerate the optimization of the energy utilization structure of buildings.Sixthly,to st
130、rengthen the major scientific and technological research and popularization of green and low-carbon technologies,strengthen the layout of basic research and cutting-edge technologies,and accelerate the research,development and popularization of advanced and applicable technologies.Seventhly,to conti
131、nually consolidate and enhance the capacity of carbon sink,consolidate the capacity of carbon sinks for ecosystem,and enhance the incremental capacity of carbon sinks for ecosystem.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -5-Eighthly,to improve the level of green and low-carbon
132、development in opening up to the world,accelerate the establishment of the green trade system,promote the construction of the green Belt and Road,and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.Ninthly,to improve the system of laws,regulations,standards and statistics and monitoring,improve t
133、he standards and measurement system,and enhance the capacity of statistics and monitoring.Tenthly,to improve the policy system of investment,finance,fiscal and taxation,price and other policies,and promote the construction of market-oriented mechanisms,such as carbon emissions trading and energy rig
134、hts trading.2.Develop supporting and safeguarding plans in key areas and industries As the N in the 1+N policy system,since 2021,all relevant departments have introduced implementation plans for key areas and industries,such as industry,energy,urban and rural construction,transportation,agriculture
135、and rural areas,and forest carbon sinks,as well as synergistic reduction of pollution carbon emissions,scientific and technological support,financial support,carbon market,statistical accounting,and a series of supporting and safeguarding plans.Table 1 List of supporting policies for key areas and i
136、ndustries Policy classification Issuing body Policy documents publication date Top-level Design CPC Central Committee and the State Council Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy 2021.10.25 State Council
137、 Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking before 2030 2021.10.26 Energy Green Transition National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)Opinions on Improving the Institutional Mechanisms and Policy Measures for Green and Low Carbon Transition of Energy Sources 2022.02.10 NDRC The 14th Five-Year Plan
138、for Modern Energy System Planning 2022.03.22 NDRC Medium-and Long-term Plan for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry(2021-2035)2022.03.23 NDRC Benchmarking Levels in Key Areas of Clean and Efficient Utilization of Coal(2022 Edition)2022.05.10 NDRC and National Energy Implementation Progra
139、m on Promoting High-Quality Development of New Energy in the New Era 2022.05.30 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -6-Administration(NEA)NDRC The 14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development 2022.06.01 NEA Action Plan to Standardize Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutra
140、lity in Energy 2022.10.09 NDRC Notice on Further Improving the Work Related to the Exclusion of New Renewable Energy Consumption from the Control of Total Energy Consumption 2022.11.16 NEA Notice on Matters Relating to Further Regulating the Management of Electricity Business Licenses for Renewable
141、Energy Power Generation Projects(Draft for Comments)2023.05.25 NEA Opinions of the National Energy Administration on Accelerating the Development of Energy Digitalization and Intelligence 2023.03.31 NEA Action Program for Accelerating the Integration of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development with N
142、ew Energy(2023-2025)2023.03.22 Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction State Council The 14th Five-Year Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction 2022.01.24 NDRC Implementation Guidelines for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction,Retrofitting and Upgrading in Key Are
143、as of High Energy-Consuming Industries(2022 Edition)2022.02.11 National Energy and Conservation Center Action Program on Energy Efficiency and Green Carbon Reduction Services 2022.04.21 NDRC Guiding Opinions on Integrating Energy Conservation,Carbon Reduction and Recycling to Accelerate the Upgradin
144、g of Products and Equipment in Key Areas 2023.02.23 NDRC Implementation Guidelines for Product and Equipment Upgrading and Recycling in Key Areas(2023 Edition)2023.02.23 Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEE)Implementation Plan for Synergizing Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emission 2022.06.10
145、NDRC Opinions on Strict Energy Efficiency Constraints to Promote Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction in Key Areas 2022.10.21 NDRC Advanced Levels of Energy Efficiency of Key Energy-using products and 2022.11.17 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -7-equipment,Energy Co
146、nservation level and access level(2022 Edition)NDRC Advanced Levels of Energy Efficiency of Key Energy-using products and equipment,Energy Conservation level and access level(2023 Edition)(Draft for Comments)2023.10.24 Industrial Areas Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)Guidance on
147、 the High-quality Development of the Technical Textiles Industry 2022.04.21 MIIT The 14th Five-Year Plan on Green Development of the Industrial Sector 2021.12.03 MIIT Guidance on the High-Quality Development of the Chemical Fiber Industry 2022.04.21 MIIT Action Plan for Industrial Water Efficiency I
148、mprovement 2022.06.21 MIIT Guiding Opinions from the Four Ministries on Further Promoting the Green Development of Industries in the Yellow River Basin 2022.12.12 MIIT Action Plan for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement 2022.06.29 MIIT Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of t
149、he Steel Industry 2022.02.07 MIIT Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Petrochemical and Chemical Industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan 2022.04.07 MIIT Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Light Industry 2022.06.17 MIIT Implementation Plan for Carbon Dioxide P
150、eaking in the Industrial Sector 2022.08.01 MIIT Implementation Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking in the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry 2022.11.15 MIIT Notice on Organizing Energy Conservation Inspections in Industry for the year 2023 2023.04.21 MIIT Green Aviation Manufacturing Development Program(2023-20
151、35)2023.10.01 MIIT Guidelines for the Establishment of A Standardized System for Carbon Peaking and Neutrality in the industry(2023 Edition)(Draft for Comments)2023.05.22 Urban and Rural Construction Area State Council The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas 2022
152、.02.11 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development The 14th Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Conservation and Green Building Development 2022.03.11 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -8-MIIT Carbon Peaking Program for the Building Materials Industry 2022.11.07 Minist
153、ry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Implementation Program of Carbon Peaking for the Urban and Rural Construction Sector 2022.07.13 Ministry of Finance Notice on Expanding the Scope of Implementation of the Policy on Government Procurement Supporting Green Building Materials for Building Quali
154、ty Improvement 2022.10.24 MIIT Notice from Six departments on the Green Building Materials to the Countryside Activities in 2023 2023.03.20 NDRC Action to Improve the Level of Environmental Infrastructure Development(2023-2025)2023.07.25 Transportation State Council The 14th Five-Year Plan for Moder
155、n Comprehensive Transportation System Development 2022.01.18 Ministry of Transport(MOT)The 14th Five-Year Plan for Green Transportation Development 2022.01.21 MOT Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan for Science and Technology Innovation in Transportation(2021-2035)2022.03.28 MOT Imp
156、lementation of the Opinions of the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy 2022.06.24 MOT Green Transportation Standard System(2022)2022.08.18 MIIT Implementing Opinions on Accelerating Green and Intellig
157、ent Development of Inland Waterway Vessels 2022.09.28 Circular Economy MIIT Implementation Plan on Accelerating the Promotion of Comprehensive Utilization of Industrial Resources 2022.02.10 NDRC Notice on the Organizing of the Pilot Application of Recyclable Express Packaging on A Large Scale 2021.1
158、2.08 NDRC Implementing Opinions on Accelerating the Recycling of Used Textiles 2022.04.11 NDRC Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Recycling of Decommissioned Wind Power and Photovoltaic Equipment 2023.07.21 Science and Technology for NEA The 14th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Innovation f
159、or the Energy Sector 2022.04.02 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -9-Carbon Reduction NDRC Implementation Program on Science and Technology Supporting Carbon Peaking and Neutrality(2022-2030)2022.08.19 Ministry of Science and Technology Outline of the Medium-and Long-term
160、 Development Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation in the Transportation Sector(2021-2035)2022.03.28 NDRC Implementation Program on Further Improving the Market-oriented Green Technology Innovation System(2023-2025)2022.12.28 NDRC Implementing Program on the Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Target
161、s and Promoting the Green and High-Quality Development of the Data Center,5G and Other New Infrastructures 2021.12.28 Ministry of Science and Technology The 14th Five-Year Special Plan for Science and Technology Innovation in the Ecology and Environment Sector 2022.11.02 Carbon Sinks Consolidation N
162、ational Peoples Congress Report on the Implementation of the Deliberations of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress on the Special Report on the Management of State-owned Natural Resource Assets for the Year 2020 2022.5.18 Ministry of Finance National Forestry and Grassland Adminis
163、tration Opinions on a number of Fiscal Policies to Promote the National Parks Construction 2022.09.29 NDRC The 14th Five-Year Plan for Action Program of Ecological Protection and Economic Transition of the Greater and Small Khingan Mountains 2022.01.05 CPC Central Committee and the State Council Opi
164、nions on Strengthening Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era 2023.01.03 MEE Management Measures for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading(Trial)2023.10.20 MEE Action Program for the Yellow River Ecological Protection and Management 2022.08.05 Universal Low Carbon Action Area Minis
165、try of Education Work Program to Strengthen the Establishment of Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Higher Education Talent Training System 2022.05.07 Ministry of Education Notice on the Implementation of the Special Program for Cultivation of National Urgently Needed High-level Talents in Energy Storage
166、 Technology 2022.08.31 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -10-National Government Offices Administration Implementation Program for Deepening Green and Low Carbon Leadership Actions of Public Organizations to Promote Carbon Peaking 2021.11.19 National Government Offices Ad
167、ministration Green and Low-Carbon Technologies for Public Organizations(2022)2022.12.30 Ministry of Education Implementation Program for Establishment the National Education System for Green and Low-Carbon Development 2022.11.08 Other Support Areas State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration C
168、ommission of the State Council Guiding Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Central Enterprises and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Work 2021.12.30 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Opinions on Guiding and Serving Private Enterprises to Do a Good Job in Car
169、bon Peaking and Neutrality Work 2022.02.16 MEE Notice on Doing the Key Work Related to the Management of Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting in 2022 2022.03.15 Ministry of Finance Opinions on Financial Support for Doing a Good Job in Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Work 2022.05.30 China Bankin
170、g and Insurance Regulatory Commission Green Finance Guidelines for the Banking and Insurance Industry 2022.06.02 The Supreme Peoples Court Opinions on Providing Judicial Services for the Active and Steady Promotion of Carbon Peaking and Neutrality by Completely,Accurately and Fully Implementing the
171、New Development Philosophy 2023.02.17 State Administration for Market Regulation Guidelines for Establishment the Carbon Peaking and Neutrality Standard System 2023.04.01 State Administration for Market Regulation Implementation Opinions on the Integrated Application of Quality Certification Service
172、s for Carbon Peaking Neutrality Work 2023.10.12 State Administration for Market Implementation Program for the Establishment of the Robust Carbon Peaking and Neutrality standard measurement system 2022.10.18 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -11-Regulation and NDRC The Ac
173、tion Plan for Methane Emission Control,released in November 2023,is another important initiative to improve the 1+N policy system.The document clearly sets out the methane emission control targets for the 14th Five-Year Plan and 15th Five-Year Plan periods,and is the top-level policy document for th
174、e management and control of methane emissions nationwide.As the second largest greenhouse gas in the world,methane is characterized by high global warming potential and short lifetime,and mainly comes from coal,oil and gas production,agriculture and waste treatment.Actively controlling methane emiss
175、ions in a steady and orderly manner has the combined benefits of mitigating global warming in terms of climate,utilizing energy resources in an economic sense,controlling pollutants in a synergistic manner in terms of environmental benefits,and reducing production accidents in terms of safety benefi
176、ts.3.Regions introduce implementation plans in the light of their own realities Local carbon peaking implementation plans are an important part of the 1+N policy system.As China is a vast country,the implementation of the dual carbon commitment at the provincial and city levels is crucial to the ach
177、ievement of the target at the national level.For this reason,the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES)and the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)have jointly developed the Chinese Province Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Index(CPNI),which is a biannual evaluation
178、 of 30 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions in mainland China7.In the latest CPNI evaluation,we see that all 30 provincial-level administrations evaluated have formulated their own regional implementation plans for carbon peaking,and 29 of them have publicly released their working guide o
179、n carbon peaking and neutrality or implementation plans for carbon peaking,and all have committed to achieving carbon peaking by 2030.In addition,the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)stands out in setting climate targets and developing implementation roadmaps.Table 2 Introduction of the
180、 contents of the dual carbon peaking plan in some provinces and cities 7 The Tibet Autonomous Region has not been included in the CPNI evaluation for the time being,due to special natural conditions and other factors.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -12-Beijing Carbon Pe
181、aking Implementation Plan Target:By 2025,the proportion of renewable energy consumption will reach more than 14.4%,energy consumption per unit of GDP will be 14%lower than that in 2020,and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced to ensure completion of the national target.By 2030,th
182、e proportion of renewable energy consumption will reach about 25%,carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will ensure completion of the national target,and the carbon peaking target before 2030 will be realized as scheduled.Tianjin Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan Target:By 2025,energy consumptio
183、n and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will ensure completion of the national targets;the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will strive to reach more than 11.7%,laying a solid foundation for the realization of carbon peaking.By 2030,energy consumption per unit of GDP will have decr
184、eased significantly,and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have declined by more than 65%compared with 2005;the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will strive to reach more than 16%,and the goal of carbon peaking will be realized on schedule by 2030.Actions:Ten major actions for
185、Tianjin to achieve carbon peaking by 2030,including green and low-carbon energy transition,energy conservation,carbon reduction and efficiency,carbon peaking in industry,carbon peaking in urban and rural construction,green and low-carbon transportation,consolidation and enhancement of carbon sink ca
186、pacity,circular economy to help carbon reduction,and green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation.Shanghai Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan Target:By 2025,energy consumption per unit of GDP should be reduced by 14%compared with 2020,and the proportion of non-fossil energy in total
187、energy consumption should strive to reach 20%in Shanghai.By 2030,the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption will strive to reach 25%in Shanghai,and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be 70%lower than in 2005,in order to ensure carbon peaking by 2030.The Ten Actions in
188、cludes energy green and low-carbon transition,energy conservation,carbon reduction and efficiency,carbon peaking in industry,carbon peaking in urban and rural construction,green and low-carbon transportation,circular economy to help carbon reduction,green and low-carbon scientific and technological
189、innovation,consolidation and enhancement of carbon sink capacity,green and low-carbon action for all and green and low-carbon regional action.Shanxi Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan Target:By 2025,the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach 12%,the proportion of new and clean energy
190、 installed capacity will reach 50%,and the proportion of power generation capacity will reach 30%;the decline in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will ensure completion of the national targets,laying a solid foundation for achieving carbon peaking.By 2030,the proportio
191、n of non-fossil energy consumption will reach 18%,the installed capacity of new and clean energy will account for more than 60%,energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions will continue to decline,and carbon dioxide emissions will strive to reach the peak under the premise of saf
192、eguarding national energy security.Actions:Based on the basic situation of Shanxi as a major energy Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -13-province,and taking the protection of national energy security as the fundamental,adhere to the main strategic direction of the“five i
193、ntegration”integrated development of coal and coal power,coal power and new energy,coal and coal chemical industry,coal industry and digital technology,coal industry and carbon reduction technology,deepening the comprehensive reform pilot of the energy revolution,strengthening the clean and efficien
194、t use of coal,implementing green and low-carbon transition of traditional energy,new and clean energy substitution,energy conservation,carbon reduction and efficiency,peak carbon in industry,carbon peaking in urban and rural construction,green and low-carbon transportation,circular economy to help c
195、arbon reduction,green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation,consolidation and enhancement of carbon sink capacity,and carbon peaking action for all.Guangdong Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan Target:By 2025,the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will strive to reach more t
196、han 32%,and energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will ensure completion of the national targets,laying a solid foundation for the provinces carbon peaking.By 2030,the control level of energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit
197、of GDP will continue to be in the forefront of the country,and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach about 35%to successfully achieve the goal of carbon peaking by 2030.Actions:The Program proposes to focus on the implementation of 15 major actions to reach peak carbon,including
198、 green improvement of the quality of industry,energy green and low-carbon transition,energy conservation,carbon reduction and efficiency,industrial key industries to reach carbon peaking,carbon peaking in urban and rural construction,green and low-carbon transportation,the gradient of each region to
199、 reach the peak of the actions in an orderly manner,and the creation of multi-level pilot projects and demonstrations,etc.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -14-Column 2:Hong Kongs Climate Action Plan 2050 Hong Kong is one of the early Asian cities to take action to addres
200、s climate change.According to the Hong Kongs Climate Action Plan 2050 released by the HKSAR Government in 2021,Hong Kong has ceased the construction of coal-fired power generation units in 1997 and phased out existing coal-fired power generation units.The total carbon emissions in Hong Kong have bee
201、n on a downward trend since it peaked in 2014.In order to align with the national dual carbon commitment,the then Chief Executive of the HKSAR proposed in the 2020 Policy Address that Hong Kong would strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.The Hong Kongs Climate Action Plan 2050,which was subseq
202、uently released in 2021,set out a concrete timetable through net-zero power generation,energy conservation green buildings,green transportation and universal waste reduction,as the four major strategies for carbon reduction to lead Hong Kong to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050,and to strengthen the
203、 interim carbon reduction targets with a view to reduce Hong Kongs carbon emissions to half of the 2005 level by 2035.The Plan set a number of specific targets,including ceasing the use of coal for day-to-day electricity generation by 2035,increasing the share of renewable energy in the fuel mix for
204、 electricity generation to 7.5%-10%and gradually to 15%,and experimenting with new energy and strengthening regional cooperation with neighboring regions with a view to ultimately realizing net-zero electricity generation by 2050.In addition,the Plan set targets for reducing electricity consumption
205、in commercial and residential buildings.By 2050,the electricity consumption of commercial buildings will be reduced by 30%to 40%and in residential buildings by 20%to 30%compared to 2015 with the plan to achieve half of the above targets by 2035 or before.To strengthen the co-ordination and promotion
206、 of deep carbon reduction,the Environment and Ecology Bureau has set up a dedicated Advisory Committee on Climate Change to draw on the wisdom and contributions of different stakeholders to promote climate action more effectively.Also it encouraged all sectors of the community,including young people
207、,to participate actively in climate action and make concerted efforts to combat climate change.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -15-II Pilot actions unfold new leadership benchmark 1.Pilot action on urban green and low-carbon transition Cities are the main contributors t
208、o carbon emissions,with the proportion of carbon emissions from Chinese cities accounting for as much as 85%of the countrys total emissions.Therefore,cities are the key responsible bodies for implementing the national dual carbon policy.Cities taking the lead in realizing carbon peak and carbon neut
209、rality is an important prerequisite for the whole country to achieve the dual carbon target,and at the same time,cities are also the main bodies for realizing synergistic efforts to cut carbon emissions,reduce pollution,expand green development,and pursue economic growth.In addition to the CPNI inde
210、x,the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(CRAES)and the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs(IPE)have collaborated on a Chinese City Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Index(CCNI)evaluation.The 2021-2022 CCNI index evaluation shows that the 81 national low-carbon pilot cities
211、in China,which have been carried out in three batches since 2010,have generally scored better on the dual carbon index than non-pilot cities.In the first half year of 2023,the Ministry of Ecology and Environment also organized experts from various fields to focus on evaluating and summarizing the pr
212、ogress and effectiveness of the pilot cities,and published an evaluation report to actively promote the successful experiences and good practices of the pilot cities,and promote new breakthroughs in climate action and low-carbon transformation at the city level.Zhuang Guiyang,deputy director of the
213、Research Institute for Eco-civilization of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS),said that a“national coordinated approach is a particularly important principle of the 1+N policy system to promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in batches;pilot is the magic weapon of the national public
214、 policymaking,three batches of low-carbon pilot cities have been carried out since 2010,and have achieved better results,especially Shenzhen,Chengdu,Beijing and other areas with strong innovation capacity.He suggested that the CCNI evaluation should continue to be carried out,so as to guide cities t
215、o adopt a higher vision,stimulate independent innovation,and form the driving force for early and pilot implementation of“dual carbon”work.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -16-Column 3:Zhejiang promoting low-carbon pilot construction In August 2021,in order to comprehens
216、ively implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinpings important exposition of carbon peaking and neutrality and the implementation of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Governments decision-making and deployment of carbon peaking and neutrality,the Department of Ecology and
217、 Environment of Zhejiang Province has formulated the Guidelines for Carrying out Low(Zero)Carbon Pilot Construction in Zhejiang Province and organized the construction of provincial low(zero)carbon pilot counties,towns(streets)and villages(communities),with the first batch of 11 low-carbon counties,
218、24 low-carbon towns(streets),200 low-carbon villages(communities)and 6 pollution reduction and carbon synergy pilots,the regions to economic and social low(zero)carbon development and pollution reduction and carbon synergistic efficiency oriented,boldly innovative,active exploration,the formation of
219、 a number of replicable and generalizable experiences,which has a good demonstration effect.In 2022 and 2023,Zhejiang Province,continue to carry out the second and the third batches of provincial low(zero)carbon pilot counties,towns(streets),villages(communities)construction work,and actively explor
220、e multi-sector,multi-level,diversified low-carbon and zero-carbon development model,focusing on guiding enterprises and individuals to adopt energy conservation,emission reduction,low-carbon production and lifestyle,and promote economic and social transition to low-carbon,and promote the realization
221、 of the dual-carbon goal and the high-quality economic and social development.Promoting pilot construction and further exploring the feasibility of low-carbon and zero-carbon policies and measures could reduce the risk of transition,incentivize low-carbon reforms at the grassroots level to lead by e
222、xample,summarize local experiences for full-scale promotion,and promote the full implementation of low-carbon policies.In the CCNI evaluation,by analyzing the carbon peak trend using the carbon emission data of 110 major cities from 2005 to 2020,we found that 26%of the cities have already peaked.The
223、 decoupling indicator of 110 major cities shows that 43%of the cities carbon emissions show a strong decoupling trend from their economic growth,which indicates that the relationship between the economic growth model and carbon emissions of a number of cities is undergoing a transformation and the q
224、uality of development is gradually improving.By systematically evaluating the progress of 110 key cities,we have identified Shenzhen,Chengdu,Qingdao,Beijing,Ningbo,Wuhan,Xiamen,Kunming,Shanghai,and Guangzhou as leading cities,with Shenzhen and other cities excelling in building their own“dual carbon
225、”systems.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -17-Column 4:Shenzhen building its own 1+N policy framework In October 2023,Shenzhen implemented the deployment of the central and provincial governments,insisted on doing a good job of carbon peaking and neutrality with the stan
226、dard of early demonstration,and issued the Shenzhen Carbon Peaking Implementation Program to actively build its own 1+N policy framework.As the 1 in Shenzhens 1+N policy framework,the Shenzhen Carbon Peaking Implementation Program has strengthened the concept of system,focused on the goal of carbon
227、peaking by 2030,and fully connected with and implemented the provincial implementation opinions and program based on the actual development of Shenzhen.It has clarified the overall requirements of Shenzhens carbon peaking and proposed the goals of taking the lead in establishing and implementing a d
228、ual-control system for carbon emissions,and controlling carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP.8 In addition,Shenzhen will continue to promote the introduction of N supporting policies and documents,including energy,industry,transportation,urban construction and other key areas of the action plan,
229、energy conservation and carbon reduction action plan of districts,as well as pollution and carbon reduction,meteorology,standards and measurement,scientific and technological innovation,carbon trading and other supporting policies,to build a clear goal,a reasonable division of labor,and forceful mea
230、sures,orderly connection,and continue to implement it,to actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and neutrality.Through the top-level design,a clear roadmap and key drivers for local implementation of dual-carbon actions could promote green development,upgrade the quality of the economy,promote
231、 sustainable social development,enhance international competitiveness and address the challenges of climate change.Based on the experience of previous pilot projects,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)issued the National Carbon Peaking Pilot Project Plan in October 2023,proposing to
232、 select 100 representative cities and zones to explore carbon peaking pathways,focusing on breaking bottlenecks and constraints in green and low-carbon development,exploring the carbon peaking pathways of cities and zones with different resource endowments and development bases,and providing operabl
233、e,replicable,and scalable experiences and practices to support carbon peaking at the national level.These pilot projects and related policy mechanisms are expected to be materialized in 2025,with significant progress expected by 2030.In addition to comprehensive pilots,there are also special pilot p
234、rojects in key areas.In December 2021,nine ministries and commissions,including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,jointly issued the Notice on Conducting Pilots on Climate Investing and Financing and the Work Plan on Conducting Pilots on Climate Investing and Financing.Based on a comprehensive
235、 consideration of the regional work foundation,implementation readiness,and promotion and demonstration effect,23 8 http:/ Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -18-regions were selected as climate investment and financing pilots,with the aim of exploring climate investment a
236、nd financing development modes in three to five years.2.Green,low-carbon technologies and innovative actions Scientific and technological innovation is the key to achieving economic and social development and carbon neutrality.In recent years,science and technology-related departments from the centr
237、al to local levels have implemented the dual carbon deployment and arrangements of the CPC and the State Council,gradually improved the innovation system and mechanism,further strengthened innovation capacity building and talent training,accelerated advanced and applicable green and low-carbon techn
238、ologies and strengthened applied research in accordance with the Sci-tech Action Plan to Support Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(2022-2030)formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology and nine other departments,and achieved fruitful results,thus providing solid scientific and technologi
239、cal support for the realization of the dual carbon target nationwide.l Strengthen basic research capacity to address climate change China has made addressing climate change a key area of national basic research and scientific and technological innovation;built the Earth System Numerical Simulation F
240、acility;conducted research on the carbon sink capacity of soil and water,agricultural and rural emission reduction and carbon sequestration modeling,and scientific and technological demonstration in the field of transportation;further reorganized the national key laboratory system and promoted the c
241、onstruction of three national technological innovation centers in the field of dual carbon,including fuel batteries,low-carbon green buildings,and electric vehicles.l Promote low-carbon technologies R&D and catalogue China has organized and implemented more than 20 key special projects under the Nat
242、ional Key R&D Program,such as Renewable Energy Technology,and strategic breakthrough science and technology projects,such as Transformative Clean Energy Key Technology and Demonstration,and explored the transfer and transformation mode of technology+finance integration.The application of low-carbon,
243、zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies were carried out,and a million-ton carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage project for petroleum and petrochemical enterprises was officially put into operation.The National Green and Low-Carbon Advanced Technology Achievement Catalogue,which cover
244、s 85 technologies in six areas,including energy conservation,emission reduction and low-carbon technologies,Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -19-has been compiled and published,as well as the National Catalogue of Key Low-Carbon Technologies to be Promoted,which covers 3
245、5 technologies in the areas of energy conservation,energy efficiency improvement and non-fossil energy.l Low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies in urban,rural,and transportation sectors lead the world The Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS announced in September 2023 a new bionic l
246、ow-carbon building material,which can reduce the emissions of building materials to 6-25%of traditional building materials.Xiangyang,Hubei Provinces Intelligent Network+Intelligent Traffic Management system will monitor carbon emissions from traffic at more than 400 intersections in the city in real
247、 time,creating a new type of application scenario in the field of transportation that can be accounted for and traded.l CCUS technology is heavily utilized CCUS is an emerging technology for the low-carbon,high-efficiency development of fossil energy,in which carbon dioxide emitted during the produc
248、tion process is captured and purified,and then reused and stored in new production processes.According to the China Carbon Dioxide Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS)Annual Report(2023),by the end of 2022,there are 100 CCUS demonstration projects in operation or under planning and construction in
249、China,with CO2 capture capacity of about 4 million tons/year and injection capacity of about 2 million tons/year,which is about 22%and 65%higher than that of 2021,representing a significant increase.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -20-Column 5 HBIS Group pioneered the z
250、ero reforming shaft furnace direct reduction technology for hydrogen-rich gas9 On 16th of December 2022,the first phase of the 1.2-million-ton Hydrogen Metallurgy Demonstration Project of Hbzx HIGH Tech.The project(referred to as the HBIS Hydrogen Metallurgy Demonstration Project)is the first Hydrog
251、en-rich Gas(Coke Oven Gas)Zero-Reformer Shaft Furnace Directly Reduced Hydrogen Metallurgy Demonstration Project in the world.Compared with traditional carbon metallurgy,hydrometallurgy uses hydrogen as fuel and reductant,which could remove ironmaking from the dependence on fossil energy and solve t
252、he problem of carbon emission from the source.The core content of the HBIS Hydrogen Metallurgy Demonstration Project is the worlds first Coke Oven Gas Zero Reforming Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction process technology,which realizes the gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction process with the highest
253、 proportion of hydrogen in industrialized production at present.HBIS Group helped reduce emissions in the downstream automotive industry by adopting the life cycle assessment method and promote the realization of the ecological value of hydrogen-based DRI.HBIS Group not only improved the level of cl
254、ean production through hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction technology,but also adopted green short processes such as hydrogen-rich gas purification,carbon capture and reuse,and EAF clean steel smelting,forming an innovative application of“CO capture+CO refining”.It was estimated that,compared wit
255、h the traditional blast furnace+converter long process of the same production scale,the first phase of the HBIS Hydrogen Metallurgy Demonstration Project could reduce CO2 emissions by 8 million tons per year,with an emission reduction ratio of more than 70%.At the same time,SO2,NOx and dust emission
256、s were reduced by 30%,70%and 80%,and the production of each ton of direct-reduced iron could capture about 125kg of carbon dioxide.9 World first!The first phase of HBISs 1.2-million-ton hydrogen metallurgy demonstration project is fully operational-HBIS:Hydrogen inspires the future and Going green,C
257、hina Daily,2022-12-17 Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -21-Column 6:Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Project creates many world firsts10 The Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Test and Demonstration Project is the worlds first flexible DC grid project,with a renewable energy pooling cap
258、acity of 6.8 million kW and is the worlds first four-terminal flexible DC grid to transport large-scale wind,solar,pumped storage and other forms of energy.The Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Project started in February 2018 and was completed and put into operation in June 2020,with four new converter sta
259、tions in Zhangbei,Kangbao,Fengning and Beijing and 500 kV DC transmission lines of 666 km.The project significantly improved the new energy transmission capacity of Zhangbei area,comprehensively increased the proportion of green electricity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and helped
260、 the Beijing Winter Olympic venues in 2022 to historically realize 100%green electricity supply.Through the Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Project,14 billion kWh of clean electricity is imported into the Beijing area every year,accounting for about 10%of Beijings annual electricity consumption,which is e
261、quivalent to a reduction of 4.9 million tons of standard coal combustion and a reduction of 12.8 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.III Achievement of low-carbon energy transition attracts global attention Energy emissions are the main source of carbon emissions in China,and energy decarboniza
262、tion is the focus and challenge of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Against the backdrop of global energy market turbulence and geopolitical tensions,as a populous and economically powerful country still undergoing industrialization and urbanization,how to achieve energy restructuring on the pre
263、mise of ensuring energy security,food security and supply chain security is a formidable challenge for Chinas dual carbon commitment.To this end,China has endeavored to promote the construction of an energy security system.On the one hand,it has improved the efficiency of traditional energy sources
264、and upgraded heating facilities amounting to more than 520 million kilowatts;on the other hand,it has vigorously developed renewable energy sources,and by June 2023,the countrys total 10 Chronicle of the Zhangbei Flexible DC Grid Test and Demonstration Project,State Grid,2023-03-20 Chinas Ten Pragma
265、tic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -22-renewable energy power generation exceeded 1.3 billion kilowatts,historically surpassing coal power.11 1.Renewable energy targets on track to be met five years ahead of schedule Energy restructuring is a top priority of the dual carbon commitment,for
266、which China has set targets to increase the share of non-fossil energy consumption to 20%and 25%by 2025 and 2030,respectively.Regions have shown particular ambition in setting targets for renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics,with the wind power installation target for the 14
267、th Five-Year plan exceeding more than 800 million kilowatts,and the research team predicted that China will reach its national target of 1200 GW of installed solar and wind power capacity set for 2030 by 2025.Figure 1 Non-fossil energy consumption share targets for 30 provincial administrations Regi
268、onal renewable energy ambitions have already played an important role in guiding energy restructuring.In 2022,the share of non-fossil energy consumption reached 17.5%.The scale of installed renewable energy capacity continues to achieve new breakthroughs.In the first three quarters of 2023,the count
269、rys newly installed renewable energy capacity reached 172 million kilowatts,an increase of 93%year-on-year,accounting for 76%of the newly installed capacity.Among them,the newly installed hydropower capacity reached 7.88 million kilowatts,installed wind power capacity reached 33.48 million kilowatts
270、,installed photovoltaic power capacity reached 128.94 million kilowatts,and installed biomass power capacity reached 2.07 11 http:/ 00北京天津河北山西内蒙古辽宁吉林黑龙江上海江苏浙江安徽福建江西山东河南湖北湖南广东广西海南重庆四川贵州云南陕西甘肃青海宁夏新疆%非化石能源消费占比目标(%)2020现状2025目标2030目标国家2030目标国家2025目标全国2020水平Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Addr
271、ess Global Climate Change -23-million kilowatts.As of the end of September 202312,Chinas total renewable power generation capacity exceeded 1.3 billion kilowatts,an increase of 20%year-on-year,accounting for about 49.6%of the countrys total installed capacity,and the installed capacity of wind power
272、,solar PV,hydropower,and biomass power generation ranked first in the world13.Figure 2 National cumulative PV installations over the years Renewable power generation has also increased steadily.In the first three quarters of 2023,national renewable energy power generation reached 2.07 trillion kWh,a
273、ccounting for about 31.3%of the total power generation;among them,wind power and photovoltaic power generation reached 1.07 trillion kWh,an increase of 22.3%year on year,exceeding the residential electricity consumption of urban and rural residents in the same period.12 https:/ 13 Speech by Zhao Yin
274、gmin,Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment,at the China Development Forum 2023 Annual Meeting,China Development Forum,2023-03-28 14 Clean Energy Makes Qinghai More Scenic,Qinghai Daily,2023-07-23 Column 7:World record for all-clean power supply in Qinghai14 In recent years,Qinghai refreshed and m
275、aintained the all-clean energy power supply world record for six consecutive times,built the worlds first new energy long-distance transmission channel,to create Haixi and Hainan two 10 million kW of renewable energy base.By the end of 2022,the provinces power installed 44.68 million kW.Among them,4
276、0.75 million kW of clean energy installed,accounting for 91.2%,28.14 million kW of new energy installed,accounting for 62.98%.000004000050000600002012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年1-9全国累计光伏装机量(万千)Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -24-l
277、 Distributed PV accelerates,becoming a new highlight of energy transition in east-central China In 2022,the development of new energy sources,mainly PV and wind power,surged,and dependence on both oil and natural gas declined for the first time in 30 years,by 71.2%and 40.2%,respectively.In the first
278、 three quarters of 2023,Chinas newly installed distributed PV capacity Located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Qinghai is the birthplace of the Yellow,Yangtze and Lancang Rivers.Abundant hydropower resources,solar and wind energy resources and large desertified land resources p
279、rovide Qinghai unique conditions for green power.The photovoltaic industrial park in Talatan,Republican County,Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,covers an area of more than 600 km2.Since 2017,Qinghai Province has carried out a series of activities such as Green Power 7 Days,Green Power 9 Days,Gre
280、en Power 15 Days,Green Power Sanjiangyuan 100 Days and Green Power 31 Days,and the provinces green power 31 days,Green Power July in Qinghai and Green Power 5 Weeks,green power in July in Qinghai green power five weeks,and constantly refreshed the all-clean energy power supply of the world record.On
281、 the 15th of July 2020,Qing Yu Ultra-high Voltage Project began transmission.The clean energy not only met the provinces power supply,but also cross-provincial delivery of 3.25 billion kWh to Henan and other eight provinces and cities.In recent years,under the leadership of adhering to zero carbon,Q
282、inghai Province has built two hundred billion industry chains of photovoltaic and energy storage,forming a cyclic and mutually reinforcing mode with clean energy as the leader and the innovation chain pulling the industry chain.Taking the brand effect of 100%green power as an opportunity,the establi
283、shment of park green power traceability certification,carbon emissions real-time monitoring platform,hoping to create a zero-carbon industrial park.(Photovoltaic Power Generation Industrial Park of Ten Million Kilowatt Renewable Energy Base in Haixi,Qinghai.Photo by Wang Guodong)Chinas Ten Pragmatic
284、 Actions to Address Global Climate Change -25-reached 67.14 million kilowatts,accounting for 52%of the total installed PV capacity,continuing to surpass centralized PV and becoming the fastest growing type of renewable energy power generation in terms of installed capacity.As of the end of September
285、 2023,the national cumulative installed capacity of household distributed PV has exceeded 100 million kilowatts,and the cumulative number of household distributed PV installations in rural areas across China has exceeded 5 million households,with effective investment of more than RMB 500 billion,acc
286、ording to the National Energy Administration.Distributed PV construction is expanding from Hebei,Henan,Shandong,etc.to eastern coastal areas such as Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Guangdong.The extraordinary development of distributed PV has increased the proportion of regional non-fossil energy consumption,h
287、elped alleviate the contradiction between energy supply and consumption mismatch,and given strong impetus to the energy transition of key cities in eastern and central China.Figure 3 Newly installed capacity of distributed PV in 30 provincial-level administrative regions in 2022 The Research Center
288、for Energy Transition and Social Development of the School of Social Sciences at Tshinghua University has launched a pilot program of One kW per capita Solar Installations project.It aims to break the bottleneck of distributed PV development and promote a breakthrough in Chinas rural clean energy tr
289、ansition.In the context of Chinas socio-economic development agenda and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,these experiences provide valuable on-the-ground insights and lessons learned in many areas of China through the integrated and innovative design of partnerships,financial and bus
290、iness models,and governance Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -26-mechanisms.In 2018,the HKSAR government launched a Feed-in Tariff(FiT)Scheme with power companies.Under the scheme,citizens and non-governmental organizations(NGOs)can install solar PV or wind power systems
291、 on their premises and sell the renewable energy generated to the power companies at a price higher than the normal tariff,with a generation capacity of more than 350 megawatts(MW)at present.Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -27-Column 8:Renewable energy industry in Tongc
292、huan 15 In 2018,the first batch of national photovoltaic power generation technology leading base project settled in Tongchuan,Shaanxi Province,the construction planning covers an area of 183 hundred acres,with a total investment of 4 billion RMB,which is one of the national important demonstration
293、projects to promote photovoltaic power generation technological progress,industrial upgrading,market application and cost reduction.The project through the photovoltaic agricultural shed,high stent field planting and other forms,combined with photovoltaic+agriculture,photovoltaic+tourism and other i
294、ndustrial complementary mode,to achieve the intensive comprehensive utilization of luminous energy and land,the annual emission reduction of carbon dioxide of about 780,600 tons,sulfur dioxide about 240,400 tons,nitrogen oxides about 19,800 tons,saving 282,800 tons of standard coal.In September 2021
295、,the Tongchuan Municipal Peoples Government issued the 14th Five-Year Plan for Energy Industry Development Plan in Tongchuan City,which proposed that by 2035,Tongchuan City will strive to reach about 25%of non-fossil energy consumption,and initially build a civilized energy-consuming society,and the
296、 level of energy cleanliness,efficiency,energy science and technology and energy equipment will reach the domestic advanced level.Tongchuan took photovoltaic power generation project construction as an opportunity to organically combine energy transition and regional green development,made full util
297、ization of vacant land and light and heat resources,and actively introduce photovoltaic leading base projects and agricultural light complementary projects,to new energy+farming as the development goal and formed the development mode of wind power generation,photovoltaic new energy and agricultural
298、light complementary development,and endeavors to build an agricultural industrial complex project integrating high-yield,high-quality,high-efficiency,ecology and sightseeing.15 http:/ Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -28-l Cumulative offshore wind power installations ran
299、k first in the world for two consecutive years As of the end of September 2023,Chinas cumulative installed capacity of wind power exceeded 400 million kilowatts,a year-on-year increase of 15%,of which 368 million kilowatts were onshore wind power and 31.89 million kilowatts were offshore wind power.
300、Chinas cumulative installed capacity of offshore wind power has exceeded 30 million kilowatts,ranking first in the world for two consecutive years,accounting for about 50%.Stretching the timeline,as of the end of 2012,the cumulative installed capacity was about 39 million kilowatts;as of the end of
301、2017,the cumulative installed capacity was about 2.79 million kilowatts.It can be seen that the countrys offshore wind power,although a late start,but rapidly developed and scaled up.Figure 4 Chinas cumulative offshore wind power installations over the years 050002500300035002013年2014年201
302、5年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年1-9全国累计海上电装机量(万千)Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -29-Column 9:Yancheng,Nantong twin cities each built million kilowatts of offshore wind power base16 On December 9,2021,along with the last turbine of Rudong H7 offshore wind powe
303、r project connected to the grid to generate electricity,the State Power Investment Corporation of Jiangsu Rudong and Rudong Hefeng Offshore Wind Power Generation 800,000 kW offshore wind power project(H4,H7)realized the full capacity connected to the grid.So far,four projects totaling 1.1 million kW
304、 composed of Yancheng megawatt offshore wind power base:the coastal north H1(100,000 kW),coastal north H2(400,000 kW),coastal south H3(300,000 kW),Dafeng H3(300,000 kW),three projects totaling 1.1 million kW composed of Nantong MW offshore wind power base:Rudong H4(0.4 million kW),H7(0.4 million kW)
305、,Jiangjiasha H2(0.3 million kW),successfully completed.After the completion of the two megawatt offshore wind power bases in Yancheng and Nantong,it is expected that the annual power generation will be 6.4 billion kWh,saving 2.2 million tons of standard coal,and reducing the pollutants emission by m
306、ore than 5.2 million tons.The establishment of the one-million-kilowatt offshore wind power bases marks a new progress in the utilization of wind power nationwide,and is of great significance in guaranteeing the energy security in the east,promoting the optimization of the energy structure and promo
307、ting the high-quality development of the coast.l New energy storage becomes a growth pole for industrial development Many places have formulated the 14th Five-Year Plan energy storage development targets,energy storage construction scale will reach 54GW in 2025.By the end of 2022,the installed capac
308、ity of Chinas new energy storage projects put into operation reached 8.7 million kilowatts,the average storage time is about 2.1 hours,an increase of more than 110%compared with 2021.By the end of 2022,the top 5 provinces in terms of cumulative installed capacity were:Shandong with 1.55 million 16 h
309、ttp:/ Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -30-kW,Ningxia with 0.9 million kW,Guangdong with 0.71 million kW,Hunan with 0.63 million kW,and Inner Mongolia with 0.59 million kW.The top 5 provinces in terms of new installed capacity in 2022 were:Ningxia with 0.89 million kW,Sh
310、andong with 0.89 million kW,Hubei with 0.53 million kW,Hunan with 0.5 million kW,and Inner Mongolia with 0.33 million kW.As of the end of September 2023,the cumulative installed capacity of new energy storage projects has exceeded 21 million kilowatts,and the new installed capacity in 2023 has excee
311、ded 12 million kilowatts.New energy storage is also a new industry born with the progress of energy science and technology,and has a wide market space in the future.From the point of view of investment scale,if measured by the market price of the same period,the new energy storage projects put into
312、operation to attract the direct investment of more than 50 billion RMB.2.Low-carbon transition of traditional energy sources advances Power generation from traditional energy sources such as coal and natural gas is the largest source of CO2 emissions,but because most traditional energy power generat
313、ion facilities are still in the early or middle stage of their service lives,and because renewable energy power generation has the disadvantages of being intermittent and fluctuating,it needs to be secured by traditional energy sources.Therefore,the substitution of traditional energy sources is a re
314、latively slow process and cannot completely eliminate traditional energy generation.In the process of building a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient modern energy management system,the low-carbon transformation of the thermal power industry is related to its own sustainable development,which can acc
315、ompany the rapid development of new energy,but also to Chinas double carbon process.In 2022,a research team led by Professor Yuan Jiahai of North China Electric Power University and the Institute of Public&Environmental Affairs developed the Low Carbon Transition Index(LCTI),and evaluated 31 listed
316、thermal power generation companies,each meeting a threshold requirement of having thermal power capacity equivalent to at least 30%of their total installed capacity.Among the companies evaluated,listed thermal power companies controlled by the five largest power generation groups in China(including
317、CHN Energy Investment Group,China Huadian Corporation Ltd.,China Datang Corporation Ltd.,State Power Investment Corporation Limited,and China Huaneng Group Ltd.)have leveraged massive power generation assets and strong financial strength for the low-carbon transformation of the thermal power industr
318、y.Jilin Electric Power Co.Ltd.controlled by State Power Investment Corporation Limited,has completed the transformation from a listed thermal power Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -31-company to an integrated energy supplier during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and has
319、 been building new energy businesses outside the province since 2012,while focusing on the development of new energy,integrated intelligent energy,hydrogen energy,and energy storage and charging industries.In 2021,coal power accounted for less than 50%of the installed capacity,produced 60%of the ele
320、ctricity in China,and undertook 70%of the peak task.China has actively promoted the“three reform linkage”(San Gai Lian Dong)of coal-fired power unit energy conservation and consumption reduction transformation,heating transformation,and flexibility transformation,and completed the renovation of more
321、 than 290 million kW in 2022,laying a good foundation for realizing the cumulative renovation of 600 million kW in the“14th Five-Year Plan”period.By the end of 2022,the cumulative ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power units has completed 1.06 billion KW,accounting for about 94%of the
322、 total installed capacity of coal-fired power generation,and the average coal consumption of thermal power units has decreased by 0.3%.In addition,China will actively cultivate new energy development models and expand grid-type new energy pilot projects,renewable energy based microgrids,distributed
323、new energy power generation and trading,and renewable energy based off-grid hydrogen and ammonia production.Through these new models,a number of zero-carbon power plants and zero-carbon parks have been created,further catalyzing Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -32-and s
324、timulating the new vitality of new energy as a new productive force,and creating new momentum for green and sustainable growth.17 IV Remarkable achievements in industrial energy conservation,carbon reduction,and efficiency improvement 1.Industrial sector actively promotes carbon peaking Industrial e
325、missions account for about 68%of the countrys total emissions18,making it a key area for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.In July 2022,the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT),the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEE)jo
326、intly issued the Implementation Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking in the Industrial Sector,which serves as a guideline for promoting carbon peaking in the industrial sector under the 1+N carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policy system.As of September 2023,there are already a number of carbon emissi
327、on reduction programs in the industrial sector.As of September 2023,24 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)have issued implementation plans for industrial carbon peaking.l Vigorously promote the development of strategic emerging industries The optimization and upgrading of Chinas industr
328、ial structure has achieved positive results.in 2022,the national added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing industries accounted for 15.5%and 31.8%,respectively,of the added value of industries above designated size,an increase of 6.1 and 3.6 percentage points compared with 2
329、012,and in the first half of 2023,the added value of high-tech manufacturing industries above designated size increased by 1.7%year on year.Through the implementation of energy efficiency improvement,energy conservation and consumption reduction,product and equipment upgrading and other measures,ove
330、r the past decade,Chinas energy intensity has dropped by a cumulative total of 26.4%,supporting economic growth of 6.2%with an average annual growth rate of 3%in energy consumption,which is equivalent to using 1.4 billion tons less standard coal and emitting nearly 3 billion tons less CO2.l Strength
331、en industrial energy conservation and carbon reduction,and promote energy utilization efficiency 17 https:/ 18 https:/ Chinas Ten Pragmatic Actions to Address Global Climate Change -33-In order to promote industrial energy conservation and carbon reduction,the Ministry of Industry and Information an
332、d six other departments jointly issued the Action Plan to Improve Industrial Energy Efficiency and coordinated the implementation of the key tasks of industrial energy conservation in the 14th Five-Year Plan.China further promoted the national special industrial energy-saving supervision,organized e
333、nergy-saving supervision of 3,535 key enterprises,urged enterprises to use energy in accordance with the law,and conducted energy-saving diagnosis services for 6,800 enterprises and parks.The energy consumption per unit of value added of industrial units above designated size decreased by 5.6%in 2021,and decreased by 4.2%in the first half of 2022.It has selected 43 energy efficiency frontrunner en