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1、The State of Innovation Report 2017 The Relentless Desire to Advance Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance02 Contents Message from Jay Nadler, Chief Executive Officer, Clarivate Analytics 03 Methodology05 Introduction06 Overview of the state of innov
2、ation10 Aerospace by gathering these together into families, we are able to count the number of inventions rather than individual patents, which avoids double-counting and gives a uniform basis to compare results. The report looks at 12 major industries and examines a specific subsector within each.
3、 For each sector and subsector, search strategies using a combination of keywords and classifications, both public (IPC) and proprietary (Derwent classes and Derwent manual codes), were run in DWPI to derive raw counts of the number of inventions within each category. The data was then analyzed to p
4、roduce listings of the key players by volume of inventions globally and within the three major geographic regions of Asia, EMEA and North America. Additional insight was provided by further bespoke searching and analysis of scientific data on Web of Science and patent data on Derwent Innovation by o
5、ur expert analysts to identify key developments and possible directions for ongoing innovation. For the pharmaceutical industry, additional research was conducted using the Cortellis platform. Additional commentary on the dark web was based on information from MarkMonitor. Further information on the
6、 sources used is provided at the end of the report and is available at C. Methodology Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance06 Introduction Humanity has never enjoyed more opportunity or faced greater threats. Weve achieved incredible technical, medic
7、al and knowledge advances. On the other hand, for decades, we have been consuming the Earths natural resources faster than the planet can reproduce them. Earth Overshoot Day (the day on which consumption exceeds supply in a given year) occurred on August 2 this year, several days earlier than last y
8、ear, and the year before and the year before that. We now require more than 1.5 planets to sustain our current rates of consumption. Global population today stands at 7.5 billion. With more people living longer due to advances in healthcare, nutrition, and access to food, and with more people surviv
9、ing to reproductive age, births outstrip deaths each day by 150,000, which is an annual population increase of around 80 million.1 By 2050, our population is projected to be 9.7 billion.2 The challenge is on to find ways to provide enough food, clean water and energy to sustain an ever-growing popul
10、ation. Population growth is also increasingly impacting the ability to provide appropriate levels of healthcare. According to a recent study,3 people are living much longer worldwide than they were two decades ago, as death rates from infectious diseases and cardiovascular disease have fallen. With
11、increased life expectancy come increasing age-related health issues, such as cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases that are taxing medical facilities and resources to the limit. Take cancer according to Cancer Research UK,4 1 in 2 people will develop cancer at some point in their lives. Profes
12、sor Peter Sasieni of Queen Mary University of London says “Cancer is primarily a disease of old age, with more than 60 percent of all cases diagnosed in people aged over 65. If people live long enough then most will get cancer at some point.” That rising population is fueling ever-increasing energy
13、demands. By 2035, the worlds energy consumption will increase by 35 percent. With declining supplies of fossil fuels, satisfying global energy demands will require the development and adoption of ever more efficient alternative sources of solar, wind, water, geothermal and biomass. The promise of cl
14、ean nuclear energy through fusion remains 30 years awayas it has for decades.5 These are just some of the critical challenges facing our world today. Solutions to these problems lie in a complex mix of societal behavior, government policy and economic drivers, but innovation and developments in scie
15、nce and technology have a major contribution to make in providing significant advances to help secure the future of the planet. Introduction Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance07IntroductionClarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The
16、 Relentless Desire to Advance07 Weve achieved incredible technical, medical and knowledge advances. On the other hand, for decades, we have been consuming the Earths natural resources faster than the planet can reproduce them. IntroductionClarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Re
17、lentless Desire to Advance07 Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance08 As discussed in the pages of this report, there are many innovations being worked on to address these issues. Among the developments documented here, a number are particularly notew
18、orthy: A cure for cancer Cancer immunotherapy is an exciting, relatively new therapy that treats cancer by unleashing the power of the immune system, in contrast to the conventional therapies, which can disrupt it. The immune system has unique properties, including its memory capacity, specificity a
19、nd its role in human biology, so immunotherapy has the potential to cure a wide range of cancers and give long-lasting remissions with reduced side effects. Its the most promising new cancer treatment approach since the advent of chemotherapy in the 1940s and is an ever-growing area of clinical rese
20、arch. A harvest for the world With the earths population expected to hit more than nine billion by 2050, the potential of genetically modified (GM) crops to contribute to food security through improved yields and increased productivity remains. However, despite the support of foundation funders such
21、 as Bill and Melinda Gates, for the first time in 20 years, the overall area planted with GM crops declined globally this year, fueled by collapsing prices for commodities that include corn and cotton. 6 Innovation in genetically modified crops continues, although at a slowing rate in the face of en
22、vironmental and regulatory headwinds. Key players like Monsanto and DuPont Pioneer (formerly Pioneer Hi-Bred) continue to develop novel organisms, such as those described in US20160264984A1 to Monsanto for a new transgenic plant cell producing seed with enhanced cold tolerance, or US20160060647A1 to
23、 DuPont Pioneer for increasing drought tolerance in plants e.g., Arabidopsis and maize, by introducing recombinant DNA. A flexible way to harness the Sun Conventional solar panels are expensive, bulky, brittle and rigid. Solar paint, also known as paint-on/ spray-on solar or paintable solar, is a ra
24、dical new alternative to the silicon flat panels we see on rooftops today. The emerging breakthrough technology offers a low-cost way to harness the suns energy with a much wider range of applications. The idea is that you can apply solar paint to various surfaces, such as the sides of buildings, ro
25、ofs and vehicles to convert the light from the sun into electricity at efficiency levels comparable to those of conventional solar panels. Clean water from carbon Millions of people today do not have ready access to clean drinking water and by 2025 that access will become scarce for 1.2 billion peop
26、le. A practical and ubiquitous process for removing salt from seawater will be a game changer. Scientists at the University of Manchester have developed a method for desalinating seawater using a simple graphene membrane with holes wide enough to allow water molecules through, but small enough to pr
27、event the passage of solute molecules such as sodium chloride. The promising graphene oxide sieve could be highly efficient at filtering salts, and will now be tested against existing desalination membranes. 1 http:/www.worldometers.info/world-population/#growthrate 2 http:/www.un.org/en/development
28、/desa/news/population/2015-report.html 3 “Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013,” The Lancet, 17 December 2014 4 http:/www.cancerresearchuk.org/about
29、-us/cancer-news/press-release/2015-02-04-1-in- 2-people-in-the-uk-will-get-cancer 5 6 https:/phys.org/news/2016-04-growth-gm-crops-years.html Introduction Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance09 At Clarivate Analytics, our mission is to accelerate th
30、e pace of innovation. We are proud to support scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs alike as they strive to address the challenges we face today as a planet. The current status of progress is captured within these pages. We invite you to discover whats happening in the state of innovation today an
31、d how innovation is helping to ensure more efficient use of natural resources and turn back the clock on Earth Overshoot Day. IntroductionClarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance09 Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless De
32、sire to Advance010Observations Source Derwent Innovation Aerospace Source: Derwent Innovation Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance033 The decisions a Nissan Leaf has to take negotiating Londons busy roads around the Excel Centre is quite different f
33、rom a Volvo XC90 travelling along a multi-lane highway. Testing hasnt always gone to plan. An Uber Volvo has already been flipped on its side in Tempe, Arizona after a collision with a human-driven car. Testing is revealing how difficult it will be to make vehicles truly autonomous. Making vehicles
34、drive themselves along a motorway using adaptive cruise control, lane deviation detection, automatic steering etc., is one thing, but getting vehicles to handle more complex situations is another level entirely. An autonomous vehicle could become paralyzed at a four-way intersection where there are
35、no specific rights of way or programmable rules to follow, whereas a human driver could readily understand who has priority by recognizing facial or other gestures from the other drivers. In the case of the Uber Volvo crash, it was deemed the fault of the human driver, but autonomous vehicles are go
36、ing to have to learn to anticipate the fact that drivers do nip through traffic signals without due consideration and make bad decisions. These vehicles will need to learn to yield despite having road priority, and it is definitely going to be a balancing act between getting a vehicle to drive itsel
37、f safely but also aggressively enough so that we dont end up with a standoff of vehicles with each one trying to give way to the other. It would be simple if every vehicle was autonomous, as they could simply “talk” to each other, but the mix of autonomous- and human-piloted vehicles will make the i
38、ntroduction of self-driving vehicles all the more difficult. Along with the technology solutions being developed to implement self-drive and driverless vehicles, there will be legal, insurance and ethical dilemmas to sort out: Would you need to take a driving test? Would you need car insurance? Who
39、takes the blame when a vehicle driving autonomously is involved in an accident? These key questions will need to be resolved if people are going to accept self-driving vehicles, though some of these questions may only be truly answered when the first cases go to court. One thing is for sure: as vehi
40、cles become more autonomous and “connected” they will become potentially life-changing. Your artificial intelligent IoT (Internet of Things) Connected Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) could pick you up on request, sense your mood or physical condition and react accordingly, even share your physiological dat
41、a with your remote “connected” doctor. Your “CAV” could help you work or relax on your journey before dropping you off at your destination. It could then go and park itself or go off and act as a car share, earning you some extra income until you tell it to come back. The possibilities are huge. Aut
42、omotive | Essay Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance03434BiotechnologyClarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance035B
43、iotechnology Biotechnology Summary Biotech innovation is back on track after a decline in activity last year with a strong recovery of 22 percent increase over 2015 in year-over-year innovation output. All subsectors show good growth, especially diagnosis of diseases, general biotechnology and drug
44、discovery. China and the US lead the world in biotech innovation, with four and three organizations respectively in the global top 10. The top place is occupied by Institute of Crop Science CAAS; a significant proportion of their innovation is related to DNA-amplification methods for enhanced detect
45、ion of diseases in crops such as CN105695609A describing a PCR primer for screening cabbage (Brassica oleracea) with wilt disease resistance. The remaining three slots go to France, South Korea and Switzerland, with one organization each. Seven of the top 10 global biotech innovators are either a un
46、iversity or research institute. This mix is maintained when looking at the regional subsector leaders in cancer treatment innovation in Asia and North America, although the balance is shifted in Europe with seven of the top 10 European cancer treatment innovators being private-sector firms. Biotech
47、scientific and academic research output continues to grow, although at a slowing ratefrom 10 percent three years ago to just 2 percent last year. The US again dominates biotech scientific and scholarly research output with eight of the top 10 organizations. The remaining two are from Europe, one of
48、which is headquartered in the UK and the other in Germany. Once again the Broad Institute takes the lead spot with the most impactful research, and MIT regains second place from third last year. Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance036Biotechnology %
49、Subsectors20162015% Change 72%General biotechnology424893019741% 14%Diagnosis of diseases8233561447% 9%Cancer treatment5478441224% 3%Genetically modified crops207119695% 2%Drug discovery106882430% Figure 20: Biotechnology overview Figure 21: Biotechnology innovation by subsector Clarivate Analytics | State of Innovation Report 2017: The Relentless Desire to Advance037 CompanyCountry# Inventions Institute of Crop Science CAASChina694 DuPontUS389 MonsantoUS351 Jiangnan U