1、2024RESULTSMonitoring Climate Mitigation Efforts of 63 Countries plus the EU covering more than 90%of the Global Greenhouse Gas EmissionsJan BurckThea Uhlich Christoph BalsNiklas HhneLeonardo Nascimento2CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkContentsForeword31.Reinfo

2、rcetheRiseofRenewableEnergy42.OverallResultsCCPI202462.1 Category ResultsGHG Emissions 82.2 Category ResultsRenewable Energy 102.3 Category ResultsEnergy Use 122.4 Category ResultsClimate Policy 143.KeyCountryResults164.DataInformation&Disclaimer295.AbouttheCCPI306.Endnotes32Annex33ImprintAuthors:Ja

3、n Burck,Thea Uhlich,Christoph Bals,Niklas Hhne,Leonardo Nascimento,Chetna Hareesh Kumar,Jolana Bosse,Merle Riebandt,Giovanni PradiptaWithsupportof:Pieter van Breevoort,Monica Tavares,Elisabeth Strietzel,Ana TamblynThe authors would also like to thank Nicklas Forsell(IIASA)for his great support regar

4、ding the LULUCF emissions.Editing:Adam Goulston,Tobias RinnMaps:Made by 23Design:Karin Roth Wissen in Worten,based on a layout by Dietmar PutscherCoverphoto:Efe Kurnaz/UnsplashDecember 2023You can find this publication as well as interactive maps and tables at www.ccpi.orgGermanwatchBonnOfficeKaiser

5、str.201D-53113 Bonn,GermanyPh.:+49(0)228 60492-0Fax:+49(0)228 60492-19 GermanwatchBerlinOfficeStresemannstr.72D-10963 Berlin,GermanyPh.:+49(0)30 57 71 328-0Fax:+49(0)30 57 71 328-11E-mail:ccpigermanwatch.org www.germanwatch.orgNewClimateInstituteCologneOffice Waidmarkt 11aD-50676 Cologne,Germany Ph.

6、:+49(0)221 99983300NewClimateInstituteBerlinOffice Schnhauser Allee 10-11D-10119 Berlin,Germany Ph.:+49(0)030 208492742CANClimateActionNetworkInternational Kaiserstr.201 D-53113 Bonn,GermanyWith financial support from the Barthel Foundation3CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate A

7、ction NetworkThe Index is published by Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute,and the Climate Action Network.The CCPIs unique climate policy section,evaluating countries na-tional and international climate policy performance,is only possible through the continued support and contributions of around 450 cl

8、imate and energy experts.We express our gratitude to these experts and greatly appreciate their time,efforts,and knowledge in contributing to this publication.*Authors and acknowledgements*A list of contributors to the climate policy evaluation can be found in the Annex of this publication.Published

9、 annually since 2005,the Climate Change Perfor-mance Index(CCPI)is an independent monitoring tool for tracking the climate protection performance of 63 countries and the EU.Every year,the CCPI sets off important public and political debates within the countries assessed.The CCPI aims to enhance tran

10、sparency in international climate politics and enables comparison of climate protection ef-forts and progress made by individual countries.The cli-mate protection performance of those countries,which to-gether account for more than 90%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,is assessed in four catego

11、ries:GHG Emis-sions,Renewable Energy,Energy Use,and Climate Policy.The countries commitments under the Paris Agreement are still insufficient:to limit global warming to a maximum of 1.5C a more ambitious climate action is urgently needed.ForewordInforming the process of raising climate ambitionIn th

12、is context,the CCPI has gained further relevance as a long-standing and reliable tool to identify leaders and lag-gards in climate protection.The impact of the CCPI as a climate protection monitor-ing and communication tool also depends on whether and how the index is used by different actors.We are

13、 glad to see that the CCPI is increasingly used by financial actors to rate sovereign bonds.Given the key role of the financial market in determining whether investments are made in high-emission or low-emission infrastructures and tech-nology developments for shifting the trillions.Therefore,the CC

14、PI is an important tool to promote the reallocation of investments by providing crucial information on climate change for Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)ratings for finance actors.Jan Burck(Germanwatch)Niklas Hhne(NewClimate Institute)Thea Uhlich(Germanwatch)Leonardo Nascimento(NewClimate I

15、nstitute)Christoph Bals(Germanwatch)Tasneem Essop(Climate Action Network International)Photo:Shutterstock 4CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Network1.Reinforce the Rise of Renewable EnergySigns are positive for renewables.In 2022,countries installed more renewable capa

16、city than ever before.1 Production and installation costs are steadily falling while policy support and incentives are increasing.2 The mo-mentum is clearly there,and now countries must build on it to reinforce the rise of renewable energy.Ahead of COP28,many stakeholders are calling for a global re

17、newable energy target.Tripling renewable ca-pacity by 2030 could significantly contribute to meeting the 1.5C limit.This would represent an increase in re-newable installed capacity to 11,000 GW.3 Such a target would anchor renewables as the backbone of the energy transition and support global clima

18、te action.However,realising renewable expansion plans requires fully rethinking current investment practices.In 2022,the world spent$7 trillion on fossil fuel subsidies a record high.4 This is partly explained by governments response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine,yet it also shows that fossil f

19、uel dependence runs deep.And while renewables investments are steadily growing,invest-ment in fossil fuels remains high.5 In 2022,major fossil companies profited more than ever.6 A deep energy transformation will remain a challenge as long as the fossil business model works.Its time to stop carrying

20、 dead fossil fuel weight.Future looking strategies should ditch fossil fuelsThe recent global dash for fossil fuels intensifies the need for governments to set strong renewable energy expan-sion targets and send signals to markets that fossil fuels should not be part of any sustainable long-term str

21、ategy.Strong and stable policy commitments combined with ambitious long-term visions are the foundation for the continued rise of renewables.Many countries already use renewables to drive their climate change mitigation efforts.Some countries have ambitious 100%renewable electric-ity targets.In Augu

22、st 2022,Estonia adopted the target for 2030 after surpassing its previous target of 40%in 2022.It now joins New Zealand,Austria,and Denmark as countries with 100%targets in place.Other countries are sending a clear signal that renewa-bles are vital for their decarbonisation strategies.Many European

23、countries,which already planned for renewa-bles to meet more than 60%of their electricity needs,pushed the ceiling in the past years.Portugal,Sweden,Spain,Germany,Ireland,and Greece all now aim to sur-pass 80%renewables in electricity supply or consump-tion by 2030.Chile also improved its target fro

24、m 60%in 2035 to 80%in 2030.Although not all countries expect renewables to generate most of their electricity by 2030,several moved forward.For example,Pakistans latest NDC adopts a more ambi-tious 60%target in the electricity mix by 2030,up from the previous 30%.Vietnam adopts a 3139%target share o

25、f renewables in the power mix by 2030 as part of its latest Power Development Plan.Japans 6th Strategic Energy Plan sets a 3638%renewables target.China has multiple renewable energy targets;for example,its 14th Five Year Plan sets a 33%target share of renewables in electricity consumption by 2025,of

26、 which 18%is from non-hydro sources.It also has a 39%non-fossil target share in electricity generation by 2025.Chinas Energy Supply and Consumption Revolution Strategy 20162030 extends this target to 50%by 2030.Renewables are growing:In many countries,renewable capacity increased significantly in 20

27、22.020406080100Vietnam*Japan*PakistanIrelandGreeceGermanyChileSpainPortugalEstoniaNew Zealand*New Zealands previous target is for 2025,*These countries submitted target rangesPrevious targetDifference between previous target new targetNew target5CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Clim

28、ate Action NetworkAmbitious renewable targets pay off in the CCPI Ambitious renewable electricity targets often pay off in the CCPI ranking.Norway leads the Renewable Energy category with almost 100%of its electricity coming from a combination of hydropower and,more recently,wind energy.The country

29、ranks 12th in the overall ranking.Denmark(4th)and Estonia(5th)are countries with ambi-tious targets and high CCPI rankings.Both already have a high share of renewables in their electricity mix(84%and 44%,respectively,in 2022)and are targeting 100%renewable electricity by 2030.Ambitious renewable ele

30、ctricity targets and policies im-prove countries climate action but they alone are insuf-ficient for curbing greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.New Zealand(34th)and Austria(32nd)also target 100%renew-able electricity by 2030,but they are located around the middle of this years CCPI ranking.Although New Ze

31、aland is one of the top 10 countries in the CCPI Renewable Energy category,it is not reducing its very high per capita emissions fast enough(currently 11 t/capita)and is not making significant progress in its energy use since 1990.We see a similar picture for Austria in the Energy Use category.The c

32、ountry has increased its energy supply since 1990 and only decreased its per capita emissions by 15%.This shows that focusing only on renewables for electricity is not enough.All sectors(especially agricul-ture in New Zealand and the traffic and industrial sector in Austria)need to be decarbonised.R

33、enewable electricity targets shift in the right directionRenewable electricity targets for 2030(%)Germanwatch 2023Source:NewClimate Institute6CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkGermanwatch 2023Very HighHighMediumLowVery LowNot includedRating2.Overall Results CCPI

34、 2024Top 3 remain empty as countries must speed up implementationKey results:The world map shows the aggregated results and overall performance for countries evaluated in the CCPI.The table shows the overall ranking and indicates performance in the four index categories.No country was strong enough

35、in all categories to achieve an overall very high rating.Therefore,the top three places continue to remain vacant.Denmark remains the top-ranked country but does not perform well enough to earn an overall very high rating.G20 performance:With India(7th),Germany(14th),and the EU(16th),only three G20

36、countries/regions are among the high per-formers in CCPI 2024.Fifteen G20 countries receive an overall low or very low.The G20 is particularly respon-sible for climate mitigation,as its members account for more than 75%of the worlds greenhouse gas emis-sions.Canada,Russia,the Republic of Korea,and S

37、audi Arabia are still the G20s worst-performing countries.EU performance:Overall,the EU rises three spots,to 16th,and now has a high overall ranking.Fourteen EU countries are among the high and medium performers,with Denmark(4th)and Estonia(5th)leading the overall ranking.The Netherlands improves it

38、s performance in three of the four CCPI categories,up five spots to 8th and at a high level.Italy,however,plunges 15 spots to 44th,mainly due to its poorer showing in the Climate Policy category vs.the previous year.Poland(55th)is the remaining EU country receiving a very low rating.If the new Polis

39、h government will in-crease its ambition regarding renewables,the country should have a better showing next year.The following sections look into the results for the catego ries:GHG Emissions(2.1),Renewable Energy(2.2),Energy Use(2.3),and Climate Policy(2.4).Germanwatch 20237CCPI Results 2024Germanw

40、atch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkClimate Change Performance Index 2024 Rating tableRankRank changeCountryScore*Categories 1.*2.3.4.0 Denmark75.595.4 Estonia72.076.6 Philippines70.707.1 India 70.258.5 Netherlands69.989.-2 Morocco69.8210.-5 Sweden69.3911.-5 Chile68.7412.-2 Norway 67.481

41、3.1 Portugal67.3914.2 Germany 65.7715.2 Luxembourg65.0916.3 European Union(27)64.7117.newNigeria 63.8818.5 Spain63.3719.2 Lithuania62.9920.-9 United Kingdom 62.3621.1 Switzerland61.9422.-2 Egypt61.8023.15 Brazil 61.7424.19 Romania61.5025.17 Thailand61.3826.-11 Finland61.1127.13 Vietnam60.9428.-4 Gre

42、ece60.3429.-11 Malta59.8030.newPakistan59.3531.-4 Colombia58.6832.0 Austria58.1733.-8 Latvia57.6834.-1 New Zealand57.6635.-5 Croatia57.3236.-10 Indonesia 57.2037.-9 France57.1238.-7 Mexico 55.8139.0 Belgium55.0040.-6 Slovak Republic54.4741.0 Slovenia53.5742.-7 Cyprus53.0943.-6 Ireland51.4244.-15 Ita

43、ly50.6045.-1 South Africa 49.5346.-10 Bulgaria46.9447.-1 Belarus46.8048.newUzbekistan46.6849.4 Hungary45.9350.5 Australia 45.7251.0China 45.5652.-7 Czech Republic45.4153.-4 Argentina45.3954.-6 Algeria44.5455.-1 Poland 44.4056.-9 Turkey43.8257.-5 United States 42.7958.-8 Japan42.0859.-3 Malaysia38.57

44、60.1 Kazakhstan 38.5261.-4 Chinese Taipei36.9462.-4 Canada 31.5563.-4 Russian Federation 31.0064.-4 Republic of Korea29.9865.newUnited Arab Emirates 24.5566.-3 Islamic Republic of Iran 23.5367.-5 Saudi Arabia 19.33Very HighHighMediumLowVery LowRatingIndexCategoriesClimate Policy (20%weighting)Renewa

45、ble Energy(20%weighting)Energy Use (20%weighting)GHG Emissions (40%weighting)Germanwatch 2023*None of the countries achieved positions one to three.No country is doing enough to prevent dangerous climate change.*rounded The labelled countries are the biggest pro-ducers of oil,gas,and coal worldwide.

46、8CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkGermanwatch 2023*Greenhouse Gas Emissions2.1 Category ResultsGHG*EmissionsCCPI countries must have an emissions peak by 2025Key developments:The current IPCC synthesis report is clear:global emis-sions must peak by 2025 to keep

47、 the 1.5C goal in reach.Moreover,emissions must be halved by 2030(vs.2020)levels.7 Despite the urgent need to decarbonise all sectors,global greenhouse gases increased in 2022 and atmos-pheric CO2 is now 50%higher than pre-industrial levels.8Collectively,the countries the CCPI covered are responsi-b

48、le for more than 90%of all GHG emissions.Key results:The table on the right details the performance of all coun-tries surveyed in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising the GHG Emissions category.Philippines,Sweden,and Chile are at the top,receiving a high rating in this category.United Arab Emi

49、rates,Saudi Arabia,and Iran are the worst-performing countries.G20 performance:Only two G20 countries,India and the United Kingdom,receive an overall high rating in this category.Seven G20 countries are among the very low perform-ers,including the United States,Canada,the Republic of Korea,and China

50、.Most G20 countries receive a low or very low rating.Saudi Arabia remains the worst-performing G20 coun-try.EU performance:As in previous years,the EU rates medium for its overall performance,but it drops three ranks to 29.Sweden is the best-performing EU country,at 5th,though Luxembourg,Romania,Den

51、mark,and Portugal rate high.For the first time,no EU country receives a very low rating in this category the Czech Republic and Ireland are the worst performers.RatingVery HighHighMediumLowVery LowNot includedGermanwatch 20239CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkGr

52、eenhouse Gas Emissions Rating tableRankCountryScore*Overall RatingGHG per Capita current level(including LULUCF)*GHG per Capita current trend(excluding LULUCF)*GHG per Capita compared to a well-below-2C benchmarkGHG 2030 Target compared to a well-below-2C benchmark1.Very High2.Very High3.Very High4.

53、Philippines33.75HighVery highMediumVery highVery high5.Sweden32.93HighVery highHighHighHigh6.Chile32.31HighHighMediumVery highVery high7.Luxembourg32.23HighVery LowVery HighVery highHigh8.Nigeria31.51HighHighMediumVery highVery high9.India31.22HighVery highLowVery highVery high10.Morocco31.18HighHig

54、hLowVery highVery high11.United Kingdom30.95HighMediumHighHighHigh12.Egypt30.52HighHighMediumVery highHigh13.Thailand30.42HighHighMediumHighHigh14.Romania29.94HighHighMediumHighHigh15.Denmark29.80HighLowHighMediumHigh16.Portugal29.78HighHighVery HighMediumMedium17.Norway29.45HighMediumHighMediumHigh

55、18.Pakistan29.20HighVery highVery LowVery highHigh19.Germany28.47MediumLowHighMediumHigh20.Malta28.39MediumHighMediumMediumHigh21.Mexico27.83MediumHighLowHighHigh22.Spain27.78MediumMediumHighLowMedium23.Switzerland27.77MediumHighHighMediumMedium24.Estonia27.35MediumVery LowVery highMediumMedium25.Sl

56、ovak Republic27.33MediumMediumMediumMediumMedium26.Netherlands27.24MediumLowVery HighLowMedium27.Lithuania27.23MediumHighMediumHighMedium28.France27.02MediumMediumHighMediumMedium29.European Union(27)26.31MediumMediumHighMediumMedium30.Greece25.73MediumMediumHighLowLow31.Finland25.38MediumLowVery Hi

57、ghLowLow32.Belgium25.29MediumLowHighLowMedium33.Belarus24.92MediumMediumLowHighMedium34.Austria24.43MediumMediumHighLowLow35.Hungary24.30MediumMediumMediumMediumLow36.Slovenia23.37LowMediumHighLowVery Low37.Italy23.20LowMediumMediumLowLow38.Australia23.20LowVery LowHighMediumHigh39.Colombia23.17LowM

58、ediumLowMediumMedium40.Cyprus22.90LowMediumMediumLowMedium41.Vietnam22.80LowHighVery LowHighMedium42.Algeria22.54LowMediumMediumLowLow43.Turkey22.34LowMediumLowMediumLow44.New Zealand21.99LowVery LowHighVery LowMedium45.Croatia21.67LowHighLowLowLow46.Japan21.42LowLowMediumVery LowLow47.Uzbekistan21.

59、36LowMediumMediumMediumVery Low48.Bulgaria20.83LowLowLowLowMedium49.South Africa20.77LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low50.Latvia20.52LowMediumMediumVery LowLow51.Poland20.51LowLowMediumVery LowLow52.Brazil20.39LowLowLowLowLow53.Czech Republic20.37LowVery LowHighLowLow54.Ireland20.17LowVery LowMediumVery L

60、owMedium55.Indonesia19.72LowMediumVery LowMediumMedium56.Russian Federation18.85Very LowVery LowMediumMediumVery Low57.Argentina18.77Very LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low58.United States16.88Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowMedium59.Kazakhstan14.66Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low60.Canada14.59Very LowV

61、ery LowHighVery LowLow61.Republic of Korea13.96Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low62.China13.45Very LowLowVery LowVery LowVery Low63.Malaysia13.38Very LowVery LowLowVery LowVery Low64.Chinese Taipei12.65Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low65.Islamic Republic of Iran7.16Very LowVery LowVery LowV

62、ery LowVery Low66.Saudi Arabia4.85Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low67.United Arab Emirates2.43Very LowVery LowVery LowVery LowVery Low*weighted and rounded *Land Use,Land-Use Change and ForestryGermanwatch 202310CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkRating2.2 C

63、ategory ResultsRenewable EnergyRenewables accelerate at a high paceKey developments:More policy support,concerns over energy security,and economic advantages drove the acceleration of renewable energy over the past year.In 2022,the renewable capac-ity grew significantly.9 Signals that renewable ener

64、gy will replace the fossil fuel system have become clearer:In 2022,295 GW of capacity was installed globally,which is the largest increase in renewable capacity thus far.10 Solar PV is projected to become the most installed power capacity in 2027.11A rapid and complete phase-out of fossil fuels,incl

65、uding ending fossil fuel subsidies and no new fossil fuel extrac-tion licenses,is crucial.Key results:The table details the performance of all countries covered in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising the Renewable Energy category.The energy sector greatly contributes to a countrys GHG emissio

66、ns.Therefore,the results of the Renewable Energy rating indicate substantial room for improvement in mitigat-ing emissions by deploying renewable energy more quickly.For the third year in a row,Norway receives a very high in this category.Algeria,Iran,and Uzbekistan are at the bottom of the ranking.

67、G20 performance:Twelve G20 countries rank low or very low,with the United States,Mexico,and Russia among them.Indonesia and Brazil are the only G20 members receiv-ing a high.EU performance:The EUs performance shows no improvement since last years CCPI,as it rates medium again.Seven EU countries rece

68、ive a high,including Sweden,Denmark,Finland,and Estonia.Again,no EU country shows a very low performance.France,the Slovak Republic,United Kingdom,and the Czech Republic are the worst-performing EU countries.Germanwatch 2023Germanwatch 2023Very HighHighMediumLowVery LowNot included11CCPI Results 202

69、4Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkRenewable Energy Rating tableRankCountryScore*Overall RatingShare of RE in Energy Use(TPES)*current level(incl.hydro)RE current trend (excl.hydro)Share of RE in Energy Use(TPES)(incl.hydro)compared to a well-below-2C benchmark RE 2030 Target(in

70、cl.hydro)compared to a well-below-2C benchmark1.*Very High2.Very High3.Norway19.12Very HighVery highVery highVery HighVery High4.Sweden15.23HighVery highMediumHighHigh5.Denmark15.01HighVery highHighHighHigh6.Finland13.39HighVery highMediumHighHigh7.Estonia12.67HighMediumHighMediumVery High8.Latvia12

71、.63HighHighMediumHighHigh9.New Zealand12.52HighVery highLowMediumHigh10.Croatia11.63HighMediumVery highLowLow11.Indonesia10.83HighMediumVery highMediumLow12.Netherlands10.59HighLowVery highLowLow13.Brazil10.27HighVery highLowLowLow14.Lithuania9.95MediumMediumHighMediumMedium15.Luxembourg9.50MediumLo

72、wVery highLowLow16.China9.06MediumLowVery highVery LowLow17.Chile9.04MediumHighMediumMediumLow18.Bulgaria8.96MediumLowVery highLowLow19.Austria8.92MediumHighVery LowLowMedium20.Portugal8.78MediumHighMediumLowLow21.Vietnam8.64MediumMediumVery highLowVery Low22.Turkey8.40MediumLowVery highLowVery Low2

73、3.Greece7.92MediumLowHighLowLow24.Cyprus7.64MediumLowHighLowLow25.Switzerland7.63MediumMediumMediumLowVery Low26.European Union(27)7.46MediumLowMediumLowLow27.Italy7.38MediumLowLowLowMedium28.Germany7.38MediumLowMediumLowMedium29.Slovenia7.21MediumLowHighVery LowLow30.Philippines7.12MediumHighVery L

74、owVery LowLow31.Ireland7.06MediumLowHighLowLow32.Spain6.97MediumMediumMediumLowLow33.Malta6.93MediumLowHighVery LowLow34.Morocco6.67MediumVery LowVery highVery LowVery Low35.Malaysia6.59MediumVery LowVery highVery LowVery Low36.Belgium6.26MediumLowHighVery LowLow37.India6.23MediumMediumHighLowVery L

75、ow38.Hungary6.17LowLowHighVery LowLow39.Poland5.79LowLowHighVery LowLow40.Australia5.57LowLowHighVery LowVery Low41.Colombia5.43LowMediumLowVery LowVery Low42.Kazakhstan5.36LowVery LowVery highVery LowVery Low43.Czech Republic5.33LowLowMediumVery LowLow44.United Kingdom5.20LowLowHighLowVery Low45.Ro

76、mania5.01LowLowVery LowVery LowLow46.Japan5.00LowLowHighVery LowVery Low47.Slovak Republic4.99LowLowVery LowVery LowLow48.France4.55LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low49.Thailand4.52LowMediumVery LowVery LowVery Low50.Argentina4.13LowLowHighVery LowVery Low51.Chinese Taipei3.76LowVery LowHighVery LowVery L

77、ow52.Republic of Korea3.46LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low53.Canada3.40Very LowMediumVery LowVery LowVery Low54.Egypt3.38Very LowLowHighVery LowVery Low55.Nigeria3.24Very LowLowLowVery LowVery Low56.Belarus3.24Very LowLowHighVery LowVery Low57.United Arab Emirates3.15Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery

78、Low58.Saudi Arabia3.09Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low59.South Africa3.06Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low60.United States3.03Very LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low61.Pakistan2.86Very LowLowLowVery LowVery Low62.Mexico2.38Very LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low63.Russian Federation2.26Very LowVery Low

79、HighVery LowVery Low64.Algeria2.01Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low65.Islamic Republic of Iran1.94Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low66.Uzbekistan0.28Very LowVery LowVery LowVery LowVery Low*Only one country achieves a very high rating in this category.The first and second position in the rankin

80、g therefore remain empty.*weighted and rounded *Total Primary Energy SupplyGermanwatch 202312CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkGermanwatch 2023*Increases in energy efficiency are,strictly speaking,complex to measure and would require a sector-by-sector approach.

81、As no comparable data sources across all countries are available,the CCPI evaluates a countrys per-capita energy use to measure improvements in this category.2.3 Category ResultsEnergy Use*Energy demand growsKey developments:Energy demand continues growing,but not as fast as in the previous year.12

82、In addition to expanding renewable energy,reducing and more efficiently using energy are crucial.Key results:The table details the performance of all countries included in the CCPI in the four indicators comprising the Energy Use category.No country receives a very high;with the Philippines,Colombia

83、,and Nigeria,three countries from the Global South,leading.Finland,the United Arab Emirates,and Canada bring up the rear.G20 performance:Seven G20 countries perform very low.The United Kingdom,Mexico,India,and South Africa perform high.All other G20 members rank medium,low or very low.EU performance

84、:As in previous years,the EU earns a medium.Greece,Malta,and Portugal are the only EU countries performing high,while Austria,the Czech Republic,Belgium,Sweden,and Finland get a very low rating.RatingGermanwatch 2023Very HighHighMediumLowVery LowNot included13CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate

85、Institute&Climate Action NetworkEnergy Use Rating tableRankCountryScore*Overall RatingEnergy Use(TPES)*per Capita current levelEnergy Use (TPES)per Capita current trendEnergy Use(TPES)per Capita compared to a well-below-2C benchmarkEnergy Use 2030 Target compared to a well-below-2C benchmark1.Very H

86、igh2.Very High3.Very High4.Philippines17.88HighVery highMediumVery HighVery High5.Colombia17.71HighVery highMediumHighHigh6.Nigeria17.70HighVery highMediumHighVery High7.Egypt17.18HighVery highMediumHighHigh8.United Kingdom16.63HighMediumHighHighMedium9.Mexico16.55HighVery highHighHighMedium10.India

87、16.42HighVery highLowHighHigh11.Greece16.24HighHighHighMediumMedium12.Pakistan16.17HighVery highVery LowVery HighVery High13.Morocco16.06HighVery highVery LowHighVery High14.South Africa15.96HighHighHighMediumMedium15.Thailand15.67HighHighHighLowMedium16.Malta15.64HighVery highMediumHighMedium17.Por

88、tugal15.59HighHighHighLowMedium18.Argentina15.33MediumHighHighLowLow19.Estonia15.31MediumLowVery HighVery HighVery Low20.Cyprus15.30MediumHighMediumMediumMedium21.Switzerland15.03MediumMediumMediumMediumMedium22.Brazil14.77MediumVery highMediumMediumMedium23.Romania14.77MediumHighLowHighHigh24.Indon

89、esia14.76MediumVery highVery LowHighMedium25.Spain14.68MediumMediumHighLowLow26.Germany14.54MediumLowHighLowMedium27.Ireland14.11MediumMediumHighLowMedium28.Lithuania14.08MediumMediumVery LowHighHigh29.Algeria13.80MediumVery highLowLowLow30.Belarus13.78MediumMediumLowMediumHigh31.European Union(27)1

90、3.72MediumLowMediumLowMedium32.Uzbekistan13.55MediumVery highVery LowVery HighMedium33.Denmark13.53MediumMediumMediumLowLow34.Italy13.52MediumMediumMediumLowMedium35.Netherlands13.48LowLowHighVery LowMedium36.Chile13.41LowHighMediumVery LowLow37.Japan13.15LowLowHighLowLow38.Latvia13.15LowMediumLowMe

91、diumMedium39.Hungary12.90LowMediumLowLowMedium40.France12.84LowLowHighVery LowVery Low41.Croatia12.64LowHighLowLowLow42.Slovenia12.35LowLowHighVery LowVery Low43.Vietnam12.10LowVery highVery LowMediumLow44.Bulgaria12.04LowMediumLowLowLow45.Slovak Republic12.04LowLowLowLowLow46.Turkey12.01LowHighVery

92、 LowLowLow47.Luxembourg11.84LowVery LowHighLowLow48.Poland11.78LowMediumLowVery LowLow49.New Zealand11.34Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low50.Malaysia10.99Very LowMediumLowVery LowVery Low51.Austria10.95Very LowLowMediumVery LowVery Low52.Czech Republic10.77Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low

93、53.Belgium10.55Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low54.Sweden10.42Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery Low55.Kazakhstan9.69Very LowLowMediumLowVery Low56.Norway8.96Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low57.Chinese Taipei8.52Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low58.Russian Federation8.43Very LowVery LowV

94、ery LowVery LowHigh59.Australia8.04Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low60.Islamic Republic of Iran7.31Very LowLowVery LowVery LowVery Low61.China7.14Very LowMediumVery LowVery LowVery Low62.United States6.69Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low63.Saudi Arabia6.30Very LowVery LowHighVery LowVery L

95、ow64.Republic of Korea5.61Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low65.Finland4.49Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low66.United Arab Emirates4.18Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low67.Canada4.04Very LowVery LowMediumVery LowVery Low*weighted and rounded *Total Primary Energy SupplyGermanwatch 202314

96、CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkGermanwatch 20232.4 Category ResultsClimate Policy1.5C target is still alive,but just barelyKey developments:Current climate targets and their implementation are insuf-ficient to keep global warming within 1.5C.Eight years after

97、 the Paris Agreement,countries worldwide are not on track to meet their commitments.Decisive action is needed right now to close both the ambi-tion and implementation gaps.The Climate Policy indicators in CCPI 2024 not only assess national emissions policies and targets,but also sectoral policies an

98、d targets and their specific implementation.Key results:The table on the right details the performance of all coun-tries included in the CCPI in the two indicators comprising the Climate Policy category.No country receives a high for overall performance.The Netherlands,Finland,and Vietnam lead the m

99、edium performers.Five countries/regions receive a high rating for the in-ternational climate policy indicator,including Denmark,Brazil,Germany,and the EU.G20 performance:Seven G20 members receive a medium in this category.Thirteen of the G20 countries rate low or very low,with Japan,Russia,and Turke

100、y as the worst performers.EU performance:The Netherlands,an EU country,leads the Climate Policy ranking,owing to its national and international climate performance.Sixteen EU countries receive a low or very low ten more than in the previous year.Hungary is the only remaining EU country with a very l

101、ow performance.RatingGermanwatch 2023Very HighHighMediumLowVery LowNot included15CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkClimate Policy Rating tableRankCountryScore*Overall RatingNational Climate Policy PerformanceInternational Climate Policy Performance1.Very High2.V

102、ery High3.Very High4.Netherlands18.67MediumMediumHigh5.Finland17.86MediumMediumMedium6.Vietnam17.40MediumMediumMedium7.Denmark17.24MediumMediumHigh8.European Union(27)17.22MediumMediumHigh9.Estonia16.74MediumMediumMedium10.India16.38MediumMediumMedium11.Brazil16.30MediumMediumHigh12.United States16.

103、20MediumMediumMedium13.China15.91MediumMediumMedium14.Morocco15.91MediumMediumMedium15.Germany15.39MediumMediumHigh16.United Arab Emirates14.78MediumMediumMedium17.Chile13.98MediumLowMedium18.Spain13.94MediumLowMedium19.Austria13.87MediumMediumMedium20.Portugal13.24MediumLowMedium21.Belgium12.90Medi

104、umLowMedium22.France12.71MediumLowMedium23.Colombia12.37MediumLowMedium24.Chinese Taipei12.02LowLowMedium25.Philippines11.95LowLowMedium26.Indonesia11.90LowLowMedium27.New Zealand11.81LowLowMedium28.Romania11.78LowMediumLow29.Lithuania11.73LowLowLow30.Luxembourg11.52LowLowMedium31.Switzerland11.52Lo

105、wLowMedium32.Uzbekistan11.49LowLowLow33.Nigeria11.43LowLowMedium34.Latvia11.38LowLowMedium35.Croatia11.38LowLowLow36.Pakistan11.12LowLowMedium37.Sweden10.80LowLowLow38.Thailand10.77LowLowLow39.Egypt10.72LowLowMedium40.Slovenia10.64LowLowMedium41.Greece10.45LowLowMedium42.Slovak Republic10.12LowLowLo

106、w43.Ireland10.08LowLowMedium44.Norway9.95LowLowMedium45.South Africa9.74LowLowLow46.United Kingdom9.58LowLowMedium47.Canada9.52LowLowMedium48.Mexico9.04LowLowLow49.Czech Republic8.93LowLowLow50.Australia8.90LowLowLow51.Malta8.85LowLowMedium52.Kazakhstan8.80LowLowLow53.Malaysia7.61LowLowLow54.Cyprus7

107、.26LowLowLow55.Argentina7.16LowLowLow56.Islamic Republic of Iran7.12LowLowLow57.Republic of Korea6.95LowLowLow58.Italy6.49LowLowLow59.Poland6.33LowLowLow60.Algeria6.20LowLowLow61.Bulgaria5.11LowLowLow62.Saudi Arabia5.09Very LowLowVery Low63.Belarus4.86Very LowLowVery Low64.Hungary2.56Very LowVery Lo

108、wVery Low65.Japan2.50Very LowVery LowVery Low66.Russian Federation1.45Very LowVery LowVery Low67.Turkey1.07Very LowVery LowVery Low*weighted and roundedGermanwatch 202316CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkThe following overview provides a brief summary on the per

109、formance of 26 selected countries and the EU.The coloured boxes indicate a countrys rank in this years CCPI,while the grey boxes refer to its rank last year.Denmark 44 Denmark ranks 4th in this years CCPI and is again the highest-ranked of all countries surveyed.Overall,Denmark receives a high ratin

110、g,but it was unable to achieve an overall very high needed to enter the top three,which still remains vacant.Despite its relatively strong showing,Denmarks per-formance remains unaligned with limiting global warm-ing to 1.5C.Denmark receives high ratings in the GHG Emissions and Renewable Energy Cat

111、egories,but only a medium in Energy Use and Climate Policy.Last years evaluation of the countrys progress was opti-mistic,but this time,the CCPI national experts claim that Danish climate action has nearly paused since October 2022,when national elections were called.Before that time,many of the sec

112、toral climate agreements,such as the legally binding economy-wide target of a 70%re-duction in 2030 and net zero in 20452050,were to be strengthened in 2023.Denmarks reduction path has not been linear over the last two years.As a result,the re-maining Danish share of the global 1.5C-compatible car-b

113、on budget requires tightening of its 2030 target to 80%and moving its net-zero target from 2050 to 2040.The experts fear that,otherwise,the country will not meet its national target for 2025 and 2030.This was also dispar-aged by the Danish Independent Climate Council in its February 2023 status repo

114、rt.The actions that have been taken also heavily rely on CCS to achieve 3.2-million-tonne reductions by 2030,accounting for roughly 14%of necessary total reductions between 2022 and 2030.The experts underscore that CCS must not be an excuse for delaying emissions cuts in sectors where they otherwise

115、 could be averted.All the experts agree that implementing a tax on agricul-tural production would be a crucial step towards lowering the countrys high emissions in this sector.Moreover,Denmark urgently needs to stop its tax rebates and subsi-dies for biomass and include biomass in the CO2 tax.This w

116、ould reduce biomass use and would ensure true zero emissions.Additionally,decisions to expand motorways,reduce public transport,and eliminate a public transport target all contribute to compromising climate actions in Denmark and therefore need to be revised or paused.3.Key Country ResultsThe expert

117、s report that Denmark combines diplomacy with concrete climate partnerships,such as with the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance(BOGA)and Global Offshore Wind Alliance(GOWA),where the country helps increase international ambitions for offshore wind and promotes a managed phase-out of oil and gas production.

118、Still,even in Denmark,some regressive positions prevail,such as the uncertainty about whether it is still among the EU coun-tries demanding a reduction target increased to 65%by 2030,and net zero by 2040,as the government promoted extensively in the previous two years.The CCPI experts demand updated

119、 sectoral climate tar-gets to reflect Denmarks share of the remaining carbon budget,an intact carbon tax on agriculture,and land-use to support the countrys 2030 target and the return of ambitious climate initiatives in Danish politics.Philippines 612 The Philippines is a high-performing country in

120、this years CCPI,up six places and ranking 6th.The country earns a high in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories,medium in Renewable Energy,and low in Climate Policy.The Philippines performs very well compared with other surveyed CCPI countries in per capita emissions,with 2.27 tCO2eq.The CCPI

121、country experts criticise the countrys Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)for lacking a long-term emissions reduction strategy.The connection between the NDC and climate policy implementation remains un-clear.Neither the NDC nor the policies mention any strong fiscal measures,such as the phase-o

122、ut of fossil fuel sub-sidies.Despite the countrys low per capita emissions compared with other CCPI countries surveyed,the CCPI experts remain apprehensive about the environmental impact of future development plans,particularly in the transport sector,which is still not environmentally friendly and

123、continues to harm ecosystems and biodiversity.The NDC still lacks clarity on topics such as agriculture,land use,and forestry.The Philippines formulated the new Philippine Energy Plan(PEP)for the period 20232050.The plan targets 40%renewable energy in the energy mix by 2040 but includes nuclear in t

124、he mix.The Philippines also recently started implementing the 2008 Renewable Energy Act,which should enable faster adoption and development of re-newable energy.The act mainly gives mechanisms for encouraging new investments in the sector by providing fiscal and non-fiscal measures,such as tax holid

125、ays and introducing Renewable Portfolio Standards.17CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkThe Philippines was involved in more UNFCCC discus-sions and joined multiple climate and renewable energy initiatives in recent years.The experts also note that dis-cussions to

126、 integrate a just energy transition and net-zero development in national policy are rising,though no concrete changes have yet been made to the policies themselves.The experts also encourage the Philippines to openly support global calls for a fossil fuel phase-out to give the country greater climat

127、e ambition.India 78 India ranks 7th in this years CCPI,up one spot from the previous CCPI and remaining among the highest performers.India receives a high ranking in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories,but a medium in Climate Policy and Renewable Energy,as in the previous year.While India is

128、 the worlds most populous country,it has relatively low per capita emissions.Our data shows that in the per capita GHG category,the country is on track to meet a benchmark of well below 2C.While it shows a slightly positive trend in the share of renewable energy,this trend is advancing too slowly.Ou

129、r CCPI country experts report that India is trying to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC),with clear long-term policies in place that focus on promoting renew-able energy and providing financial support for domestic manufacturing of renewable energy components.Despite that,Indias growin

130、g energy needs are still being met by its heavy reliance on coal,along with oil and gas.This de-pendence is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and causes severe air pollution,especially in the cities.India has relatively high taxes on petrol and diesel,which are intended to act as carbon tax

131、es.The impact of these taxes on consumption remains disputed.While some ex-perts describe them as an effective tool to reduce the consumption of petrol and diesel,others point to the high dependence of the government on these tax revenues.At the last COP,India,together with China,changed the wording

132、 of the cover decision to phase down rather than phase out fossil fuels.This was a setback for the global commitment to end the fossil fuel era.Some of our experts also report that large-scale renewable energy projects have negatively affected the livelihoods of local communities through land grabs

133、and unequal distribution.Our experts report that policies are largely mitigative,yet they should also focus on transformative adaptation and disaster risk management.Policymakers should also adopt ecosystem-based solutions and con-sider equity.Prime Minister Modis announcement at COP26 that India wi

134、ll achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 shows a lack of ambition and political will,according to our experts.The experts therefore call for more effective policy implemen-tation that takes a more bottom-up approach,including the demands of tribal and rural communities.Specifically,they call for a fast

135、er phase-out of coal,reduced reliance on gas,and expanded renewable energy.The experts want to see the country fulfil its potential in climate ac-tion by moving up the timeline for reaching net zero to no later than 2050.They want to see the creation of people-friendly,climate-friendly,sustainable i

136、nfrastructure that is affordable,accessible,and available to all,while taking the locations cultural and social context into account.Overall,our experts emphasise that while India is among the top performers,it needs to increase its share of re-newable energy and raise its targets.Netherlands 813 Th

137、e Netherlands is trending upward,improving to 8th in the current CCPI and among the highest overall per-formers.The country receives a high in the Renewable Energy category,and a medium in Climate Policy and GHG emis-sions,but its high energy consumption leads to a low ranking in that respective cat

138、egory.The CCPI data show that the share of renewable energy supply in the Netherlands is still low,but there is a strong upward trend.The country has high energy consump-tion(far above the EU average),and its greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions are also very high.The countrys climate policy is based on the

139、 EUs legal framework and policy guidelines,as the national climate law sets a target of 55%GHG reduction by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050.The country has a well-developed climate policy system focusing on a circular economy,offshore wind,and solar energy.The CCPI country experts report there a

140、re major incen-tives for renewable energy,while support for new renew-able electricity projects will be phased out from 2026 on the assumption that new projects will no longer require subsidies.Grid constraints,however,are increasingly hampering the development of large-scale solar PV fields(not roo

141、ftop systems)and onshore wind projects.The Netherlands,the country with the highest livestock density in Europe and one of the largest livestock traders in the world,faces the problem of high nitrogen levels.The CCPI experts report that these levels are causing problems in nature reserves and negati

142、vely affecting wa-ter quality.As this breaches EU nature protection laws,the Dutch government has adopted measures for reducing livestock numbers through voluntary buyouts of farmers.This year,the European Commission affirmed that the plans are permissible under state aid rules.The Dutch energy supp

143、ly is mainly based on natural gas and other fossil fuels.The experts highlight that in recent years the Netherlands has almost completely shut down gas production in the Groningen gas field,one of the worlds largest such fields.Gas production in the area had caused earthquakes,and homeowners were no

144、t compen-18CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Networksated.The experts also point out that the use of coal for power generation will be phased out by 2030.In 2023,environmental organisations criticised the Dutch government for continuing to subsidise fossil fuels at 46.

145、4 billion a year,according to figures from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy(based on the World Trade Organizations definition of fossil fuel subsi-dies).Ongoing protests have prompted the Lower House to ask the Cabinet to set a path for phasing out these subsidies.The experts call

146、 for additional measures to promote sus-tainable agriculture.The government should also phase out fossil fuel subsidies and note be reluctant to introduce regulatory measures.Morocco 97 Morocco is still among the high-performing countries,ranking 9th in this years CCPI.Morocco receives medium rating

147、s in both Renewable Energy and Climate Policy,while obtaining a high rating in GHG Emissions and Energy Use.The country targets a 45.5%GHG emissions reduction by 2030 compared with a business-as-usual(BAU)scenario.The ranking as a high performer owes to its low GHG emissions,trend towards greater en

148、ergy efficiency,and progress in renewable en-ergy production.Fossil fuels still account for the majority of Moroccos en-ergy consumption,and the country imports most of these fuels.The CCPI country experts criticise the governments plans to explore domestic oil and gas reserves.Yet the experts also

149、welcome the increasing share of renewable energy.They point out that prices for all forms of energy remain high and that solar energy is not subsidised in Morocco.Citizens producing solar energy are also not connected to the grid.In Morocco,biomass production is mainly carried out in mountainous are

150、as.Deforestation exposes soil to erosion,leading to flooding and to destruction of infrastructure,and ultimately hurts natural ecosystems and local com-munities.Further,the agricultural sector as one of the largest sectors in Morocco,requires a just transition as for example the cultivation of water

151、-intensive species,ground-water pumping,and the use of diesel pumps is not regulated,or at least regulation is not enforced.Our experts note that the Ministry of Agriculture,Fisheries,Rural Development,Water and Forests has incorporated water conservation and environmental protection into all its pr

152、ogrammes in recent years.However,implementation and enforcement has been lacking.The experts suggest several policy measures.Utility-scale as well as small-scale,people-centred solar and wind projects should be built while observing strict social and environmental safeguards,and solar energy should

153、be subsidised.The focus should be on reducing fossil fuel use.Drip irrigation systems and solar pumps should be installed to reduce water wastage and fuel use.Also,more sustainable agriculture should be promoted,and natural ecosystems should be better preserved.The experts view Morocco as an active

154、and supportive actor in international climate politics.They ask for poli-cies that enable reduced fossil fuels and for ecological protection.Chile 116 Chile drops five ranks in this years CCPI,to 11th,but it remains among the high-performing countries.Chile receives a high rating in the GHG Emission

155、s catego-ry,medium in Climate Policy and Renewable Energy,and low in Energy Use,due to the countrys unambitious target and weak showing in GHG per capita compared with a well-below-2C benchmark.The strong performance in GHG Emissions owes to relatively low per capita emis-sions of 3.18 CO2eq(includi

156、ng LULUCF).Nonetheless,the country ranks only 43rd in GHG per capita current trend(excluding LULUCF).As in the previous year,the CCPI national experts value Chiles Framework Law on Climate Change,which was adopted in June 2022 and includes a commitment to reach net zero by 2050,along with concrete p

157、olicies for implementation.This includes,for instance,the countrys Long-Term Climate Strategy,Climate Change Financial Strategy,and both sectoral and local(regional-and mu-nicipal-level)mitigation and adaptation plans.However,the experts are still waiting for these policies anticipated GHG reduction

158、 and implementation.The Framework Law,therefore,does not yet meet their expectations.Since 2008,there has been a quota for the feed-in of non-conventional renewable energies in the energy grid(10%in 2024)and the experts are certain this quota will also be achieved.However,gas and other fossil fuels,

159、such as diesel,continue to be subsidised.The high subsidies hin-der the promotion of new technologies such as geothermal energy,which the experts indicate has great potential.Meanwhile,the shares of coal and fossil fuels in the elec-tricity grid and truck transport have not reduced substan-tially,de

160、spite the governments focus on electromobility.Overall,the experts identify a lack of coherence in Chiles climate policy.The experts call for decreased fossil fuel subsidies(espe-cially for gas and diesel),improved scheduling of the en-ergy transition processes,a modal shift in transport,im-plementa

161、tion of forest commitments,and improvements in citizen participation and consideration of climate justice.It is important to note that the declined performance of Chile is influenced by new and updated data on the LULUCF sector.19CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Netwo

162、rk Norway 1210 Norway ranks 12th in this years CCPI,down two places and receiving an overall high rating.As one of the countries with the highest renewable en-ergy shares,it earns it a very high in that category,but its high energy consumption earns it a very low in Energy Use.It receives a low in C

163、limate Policy and a high in GHG Emissions.Norway is a frontrunner in renewable energy,but at the same time,its one of the worlds largest oil and gas ex-porters.Norway is among the 20 countries with the larg-est developed oil and gas reserves.The Scandinavian country is looking to expand its fossil f

164、uel production,including in the Arctic.In addition,the Norwegian gov-ernment has announced its intention to allow commercial mineral extraction through deep-sea mining,which poses a threat to the habitats of numerous deep-sea species.The CCPI experts report that the current government(like previous

165、governments)is promising to provide a stable and predictable environment for its industry to develop,not phase out,oil and gas.This includes how it uses its majority stake in Equinor,which is seeking approval for several controversial new oil projects globally in the com-ing period.The year 2023 loo

166、ks set to be a record year for new oil and gas field approvals,thanks in part to the rush of pro-jects resulting from the tax relief and deferral package during the COVID pandemic.The countrys carbon-pricing framework contains a tax break for the oil sector,show-ing how the fossil fuel industry prof

167、its from the legislative framework.Our experts,therefore,call for a starkly differ-ent policy approach from the government.Consistent with our findings from the quantitative part of the CCPI,the experts report that Norways challenge is its high per capita energy consumption.They also point out that

168、the country lacks a comprehensive policy addressing the energy efficiency target.The experts report that Norway is not meeting its own(10%)targets for forest protection.Programmes to plant inappropriate non-native species,for instance,are caus-ing further problems.They also criticise the tendency fo

169、r local councils to approve various infrastructure projects(such as highways,energy projects,and second home settlements),as each local councils decision has a large cumulative effect nationally.Tensions are rising around large wind farms,which not only threaten biodiversity but also lead to conflic

170、ts with the indigenous Sami people who live in the areas where these large projects are being installed.These conflicts have led to complaints filed with UN treaty bodies.The government lost a case in the countrys Supreme Court in 2021,about wind farms violating Sami reindeer herd-ing rights,but has

171、 not corrected the problem despite the ruling.This led to huge protests by Sami and young envi-ronmental activists this year.The experts assessment of Norways international per-formance notes that the country is doing relatively well in climate finance,particularly regarding the rainforest.Yet,despi

172、te huge government revenues from high gas and oil prices,funding is increasingly moving towards leveraging private finance.The experts criticise the government and its negotiators for keeping oil and gas completely separate from discussions on climate change policy,both domesti-cally and internation

173、ally.Another object of criticism is that changes in the way money is allocated through regional allocations rather than thematic allocations(e.g.specific programmes for renewable energy)is making it increas-ingly difficult to assess Norwegian development funds impact on climate action.Considering th

174、e above issues,our experts have devel-oped a clear set of demands aimed at putting Norway on track to meet its climate targets through domestic action.In addressing the countrys high profits from fossil fuel extraction,they call for an end to exploration.The gov-ernment should develop a plan for a j

175、ust transition of the oil and gas industry one that creates alternative jobs.Norway should also join and lead efforts,such as BOGA,to jointly reduce oil and gas production.The experts call for coherence in transport policy,higher and more equi-tably distributed carbon taxes,and plans for massively r

176、educing consumption.Finally,they call for strategies to meet energy efficiency targets.Though Norway has been successful in building an almost entirely renewable electricity system,it should commit to phasing out fossil fuels.Germany 1416Germany ranks 14th in this years CCPI.The country receives a m

177、edium ranking in all four CCPI index categories:Renewable Energy,GHG Emissions,Climate Policy,and Energy Use.The CCPI country experts unanimously report that the current German government shows a slightly better per-formance than the previous one.However,different in-terests among the three coalitio

178、n partners are preventing more ambitious climate policies.Such policies are needed because Germany will fail to achieve its official target of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045,according to recent reports by government climate advisors and the Federal Environment Agency(UBA).Particularly,the

179、 buildings and transport sectors are fall-ing short.Moreover,the government changed the climate change law so that,instead of each sector reporting on its progress towards the climate targets,now only the overall progress for meeting the target is reported.In this way,sectors can compensate for each

180、 other,leading to a 20CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Networklack of accountability,according to the experts.In public debate,social policies and climate policies seem to be played out against each other,creating a lack of support,such as for renewing heating systems

181、.So,while the new government has accelerated progress on climate legisla-tion,Germany is not on a track towards reducing global warming to 1.5C.The geopolitical situation has affected Germanys energy politics.While an earlier phasing out of coal energy pro-duction was agreed upon(2030 instead of 203

182、8),two coal-fired power plants are being kept in operation longer than previously planned.The Russian war against Ukraine has also let Germany recognize renewable energies as strategically important for securing energy independence and lowering its reliance on Russian fossil fuels.Several policies h

183、ave been adopted to accelerate the ex-pansion of renewable energy,but Germany remains one of the nine countries responsible for 90%of global coal production,and four new LNG terminals have been built in the North Sea.Several reports,including one by the NewClimate Institute,have shown that the const

184、ruction of new LNG terminals is undermining the energy transition.This is because Germany could import almost two-thirds more fossil gas by land and sea than it currently con-sumes if all the terminals are fully operational.The CCPI experts are divided on this issue,with some pointing to the increas

185、ed energy security that comes with more gas,while others warn that building new LNG infrastructure creates the risk of carbon lock-in and stranded assets.EU 1619The European Union(EU)ranks 16th in this years CCPI,up three spots.It receives a medium ranking in all four categories:GHG Emissions,Renewa

186、ble Energy,Energy Use,and Climate Policy.In April 2023,the EU adopted the Fit For 55 package,which includes a series of measures aimed at upgrading the EUs climate and energy legislation and ultimately achieving a 55%net emissions reduction(compared with 1990)by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050.T

187、he policy raises ambitions in three main areas.The EU Emissions Trading System(ETS 1)was extended to the maritime sec-tor,and emissions from road transport,buildings and small businesses are covered by a new and separate carbon market(ETS 2),the Effort Sharing Regulation(ESR),and the Land Use,Land-U

188、se Change and Forestry(LULUCF)sector was given more ambitious EU-level carbon removal targets.Collectively,these revisions are expected to en-able the EU to slightly overshoot the EUs current target and achieve 57%net emission cuts by 2030.The EU also updated its Nationally Determined Contribution(N

189、DC)in October.While there were no major changes,and no mentioning of the 57%,it was updated to be consistent with Fit for 55 and the European Climate Law.However,while the EU is likely to meet its 55%emissions reduction target by 2030,the CCPI experts conclude that the target level is still not ambi

190、tious enough,as it will not keep the EU in line with the 1.5C target of the Paris Agreement.A report of the newly established European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change(ESABCC)on the 2040 target,shows that at least 90-95%net emis-sion cuts by 2040 are needed to increase the EUs fair contri

191、bution to the fight against the climate crisis.There are also several systemic weaknesses,including the con-tinued allocation of free allowances to industry up to and beyond 2030 and a high degree of flexibility for Member States to trade,bank,and borrow their emission allow-ances.This is likely to

192、delay action considerably.The experts highlight the potential additional emission reductions driven by the introduction of ETS 2,which will start in 2027 or 2028.The new carbon market will extend carbon pricing to emissions from road transport,build-ings and industrial and energy installations.At th

193、e same time more efforts are needed to make the transition more socially just,for example by further expanding the Social Climate Fund,a new fund to help low-income households make the transition.The experts criticise the fact that the energy efficiency target remains non-binding at both EU and nati

194、onal levels,making it difficult to hold Member States to account.A clear requirement for Member States to apply national bans on the installation of fossil fuel heating systems by 2025 is also needed.The Renewable Energy Directive(RED)is the EUs policy for promoting renewable energy.It was revised a

195、s part of the Fit for 55 initiative,as EU lawmakers decided to raise the bar by increasing the share of renewable energy to 42.5%by 2030.The experts say the improved legislation is an important step forward,but a target of at least 50%renewables is needed to achieve net-zero emissions by 2040.In par

196、ticular,the EU has introduced the REPowerEU plan,aimed at reducing its Member States dependence on Russian fossil fuels.The experts point out that the new supply agreements with the US,Azerbaijan,Algeria,and other countries carry a high risk of fossil fuel gas lock-in and the creation of stranded as

197、sets because of the new infrastructure required to import gas.The experts there-fore call for a legally binding phase-out of coal by 2030,fossil gas by 2035 and of all fossil fuels by 2040.The EU should also accelerate its efforts to reduce en-ergy demand.The experts indicate an ambitious Energy Per

198、formance in Buildings Directive(EPBD)including building-specific Minimum Energy Performance Standards(MEPS)must be agreed to as soon as possible to increase the speed and scale of building renovation and the use of renewable heating solutions.While the EU shows progress in some aspects,such as incre

199、ased ambition on renewables,the EUs contribution remains insufficient to contribute to the 1.5C objective of the Paris Agreement,considering its historical responsibili-ty,global equity principles,and the regions capacity to act.21CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Netw

200、ork Nigeria 17new Nigeria,one of four new countries in this years CCPI,ranks 17th overall,placing it among the medium-per-forming countries.Nigeria has a mixed performance across the four main CCPI categories.It rates high in GHG Emissions and Energy Use but low in Climate Policy and very low in Ren

201、ewable Energy.Nigeria is among the few developing countries to have set an economy-wide emissions reduction target.The Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC),updated in 2021,pledges an unconditional contribution of 20%below business-as-usual by 2030 and a 47%contribution condi-tional on internation

202、al support.The conditional target was increased from 45%to 47%.Nigeria has also a net-zero target of 2060.Despite these targets,fossil fuels are expected to remain a significant part of Nigerias energy mix in the near fu-ture.The countrys fossil-based energy-generation infra-structure shows elements

203、 of its colonial past.Nigerias substantial oil and natural gas reserves are why,for six decades,multinational companies have operated there,especially in the ecologically devastated Niger Delta.Accordingly,there are high costs for a structural change towards more renewable energies,making these new

204、technologies less competitive than fossil fuels.However,the Nigerian government has set a target of generating at least 30%of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.To achieve this,it has taken several steps to encourage investment in renewable energy,such as creating a feed-in tariff system

205、 for renewable energy projects and establishing the National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy(NREEEP).The NREEEP aims to increase renewable energys contribution to the coun-trys energy mix by providing incentives for developing renewable energy projects,promoting energy efficiency measu

206、res,and bolstering the regulatory framework for renewable energy investments.The CCPI country experts demand stronger climate fi-nance with green bonds for adaptation and mitigation.In 2017,the Federal government and stakeholders,includ-ing the World Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme

207、(UNEP),issued green bonds for the first time in Africa.The experts insist this money should be invested to scale up and sustain finance for solar technologies to simultaneously achieve energy access and NDC climate goals.The experts agree that Nigeria has significantly improved its regulatory framew

208、ork over the last few years.However,implementation must follow up on those ambi-tious targets if the countrys policy evaluation is to sub-stantially improve.Overall,the experts demand a coherent implementation of climate policy,development of a national strategy for technology transfer,more investme

209、nts in climate-resilient infrastructure,and a quicker shift from fossils to renewables.United Kingdom 2011The United Kingdom continues trending downward by ranking 20th in this years CCPI.While the UK ranks high in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories,it gets a low in Renewable Energy and Cli

210、mate Policy.The UK government under Prime Minister Sunak has rolled back several pieces of climate legislation.Instead of phas-ing out fossil fuels,the government is increasing domestic fossil fuel extraction by approving a new coal mine in Cumbria and granting hundreds of new oil and gas licens-es

211、in the North Sea.These political actions are under-taken following the governments official policy to pursue all means for increasing UK oil and gas production.Moreover,the UK continues to implement fossil fuel subsi-dies,most recently with the introduction of an investment allowance loophole within

212、 the windfall tax on oil and gas profits in 2022.This decision came despite a 2009 pledge to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.The CCPI national experts note the government faced criticism from the Committee on Climate Change(CCC).The experts report further policy changes that undermine th

213、e UKs climate ambitions.In September,the government delayed a ban on new combustion engines from 2030 to 2035,and it watered down a plan to halt the installation of new gas boilers in homes by 2035.In another setback,evidently,no offshore wind projects were approved in 2023,undercutting the UKs plan

214、 to triple its offshore wind power capacity by 2030.Our experts report that the energy efficiency of many UK buildings is very low,but the existing Great British Insulation Scheme would take an estimated 300 years to meet the governments own targets.Our experts there-fore call for a massive increase

215、 in funding for home insu-lation programmes,along with measures to replace fossil fuel heating systems with electric or heat pump systems.There is,however,visible progress in the rail industry,where the government provided 13.3 billion in funding over 2021/2022.Considering the recent setbacks,our ex

216、perts formulated clear demands:First,the government should set out de-tailed sectoral delivery plans,which provide a clear road-map.Second,it should implement a plan to phase out coal,oil,and gas production through a just transition,stop approving new coal,oil,and gas fields,and end fossil fuel subs

217、idies.Third,it should improve the auctioning system to allow for more onshore and offshore wind production.Finally,it should foster proactive implementation of home insulation and heat pumps.22CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkThe recent backtracking on climate

218、policy has negatively impacted the credibility of the previous host country of the COP.The UK governments climate policies are not in line with the governments aim of reducing economy-wide GHG emissions by at least 68%by 2030,or with the goal of limiting global warming to below 1.5C.Brazil 2338 Braz

219、il ranks 23rd in this years CCPI,vaulting 15 places from the previous years CCPI.Its now among the rankings medium-performing countries.Brazil shows a mixed performance across the main CCPI categories,with a high rating for Renewable Energy,a medium in Energy Use and Climate Policy,and a low in GHG

220、Emissions.Since President Lula da Silva took office in January 2023,Brazilian climate policy has substantially turned,espe-cially regarding policies on reducing deforestation and degradation in all Brazilian biomes.Such progress is a crucial step in preserving the Amazon,one of the worlds most impor

221、tant emission sinks.The new government also announced a Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC),which reverses the weakening of the target during the former administration.The NDC aims at returning to the absolute emissions level proposed in the original Brazilian NDC.It would do so by increasing th

222、e percentage reduc-tion target from 50%to 53%below 2005 levels by 2030.Lulas administration also committed to refining Brazils NDCs and starting an inclusive process towards a new NDC for 2025 that includes civil society and indigenous communities.The CCPI country experts recognise relevant and con-

223、crete steps in the right direction to reverse some of the rollbacks during the previous administration.The ex-perts positively emphasise that deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon have been reduced 50%in the first nine months of this year compared with the same period in 2022.This should lead

224、to a significant emissions reduc-tion in 2023.There is noticeable progress in the expan-sion of renewable electricity in previous years,especially wind and solar.Brazil currently has one of the highest shares of renewables globally,as renewables represent approximately 80%of electricity generation a

225、nd 45%of the primary energy supply.Despite the above,Brazil continues to expand its fossil fuel extraction and production and faces challenges in meeting its climate targets.Its among the 20 countries with the largest developed oil reserves,and it currently plans to increase its gas and coal product

226、ion and develop new oil platforms on its northern seas.This could make Brazil the worlds fourth largest oil producer.Such ex-panded fossil fuel production is clearly incompatible with the 1.5C global target.The experts also identify further obstacles on Brazils path towards alignment with 1.5C,notin

227、g funding barri-ers,missing sectoral emissions limits and targets,and a lack of guidance on how to achieve its short-term(48%below 2005 in 2025),medium-term(53%below 2005 in 2030),and long-term(net zero in 2050)emissions reduc-tion goals.The experts indicate that concrete policies and actions,such a

228、s phasing out fossil fuel subsidies,ramping up re-newable energy investments,and implementing stringent regulations to curb deforestation,would be needed to prompt substantial emission reductions.Over the previous year,the experts saw a record increase in the installed capacity of solar and wind ene

229、rgy.Solar increased by 15 GW,mostly due to decentralized small-scale generation.A regulatory framework approval for microgeneration in January 2022 set a deadline for cur-rent tax exemptions that rushed the market to this boom.Wind generation contributed with capacity additions of more than 4 GW sin

230、ce 2021.The free markets evolu-tion has been a key factor for large-scale solar and wind that allows an alternative for projects to be built in addi-tion to regulated auctions promoted by the government.Investments in wind and solar have increased and various tax benefits and incentives have been im

231、plemented to en-courage renewable energy projects.However,our experts criticise Brazils over-reliance on hydropower,which raise environmental concerns and vulnerability to droughts.The CCPI experts request a national climate change plan with a roadmap on how to implement the NDC targets.And they cal

232、l for a fossil fuel phase-out and demand a shift from fossil to renewables subsidies Pakistan 30new Pakistan ranks 30th overall,placing it among the me-dium performers.Pakistan receives a low in the Climate Policy catego-ry,a very low in Renewable Energy,and a high in GHG Emissions and Energy Use.Pa

233、kistan is one of the countries that are most vulnerable to extreme weather events caused and/or exacerbated by the climate crisis,such as the devastating floods in 2022.The country updated its Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)in 2021;this includes a conditional target of reducing projected emi

234、ssions by 50%by 2030,with 15%coming from domestic sources and 35%from international grants.Pakistan also aims to shift to 60%renewable energy and 30%electric vehicles by 2030 and to completely ban imported coal.One of the main issues the CCPI country experts identi-fied is a lack of coordination bet

235、ween government institu-tions,which hampers policy implementation.The experts describe a disconnect between federal and provincial actors and an unclear division of responsibilities.The experts also report that the existing policy frame-works are not aligned with the realities on the ground 23CCPI R

236、esults 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Networkthat shape climate impacts in Pakistan.Specifically,there have been no serious efforts to mention the phase-out of fossil fuels in relevant policy documents.There is also no mechanism for keeping account of emissions from the corporat

237、e sector.Pakistan also faces problems with dumping of the globally banned and highly hazardous chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants(POPs),as POP storage sites still need to be decontaminated.Another point of criticism from the experts is that,while the expansion of renewable energy has h

238、ad mostly positive im-pacts,in some cases,it has raised social justice issues.For example,people have not been compensated for giving up their land for dam and hydropower plant construction.It is worth noting that traditional biomass is not included in the CCPIs accounting of renewable energy.Pakist

239、an still has a significant share of traditional biomass in its renewable en-ergy supply.Pakistans government also does not provide sufficient information to allow for transparency.Our experts note that,despite related laws such as the Right of Access to Information,the Ministry of Climate Change avo

240、ids pro-viding required information and evades being accountable.Internationally,our experts take a positive view of Pakistans assuming a leadership role during the setup of the Loss and Damage Fund.Domestically,Pakistan is developing long-term low-carbon development strate-gies with support from GI

241、Z and other actors,including the Pathways 2050 platform,UNDP,and the World Bank.Robust afforestation programmes are also in place.To respond to the above problems,our experts suggest several ways to improve implementation.They stress the importance of making policies more inclusive,transparent,and a

242、ccountable.The role of women in natural resource management should be strengthened,and local knowl-edge should be incorporated into new technologies to scale up nature-based solutions.There should be a fo-cus on sustainable land management practices,and the government should increase its support for

243、 decentralised renewable energy systems.The policy framework should also be more consistent,and policies need to be realistic and implementable.A long-term vision for reducing emissions needs to be developed and there should be clear GHG reduction targets in the 2050 NDCs.Improved cooperation betwee

244、n different lev-els of government would be a step in the right direction.Indonesia 3626Indonesia falls 10 places to rank 36th in this years CCPI,with an overall low rating.The country receives a low rating in the GHG Emissions and Climate Policy categories,medium in Energy Use,and high in Renewable

245、Energy.The CCPI country experts criticise that the updated Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)is still not aligned with the Paris goals and is only based on inflat-ed business-as-usual calculations.Per last years CCPI ranking,it must be noted that the updated NDC is only provisional until 2024.T

246、he NDCs net-zero target requires a more robust regulatory framework.The CCPI experts welcome the combination of a com-mitment to phase out coal in the Just Energy Transition Partnership and Energy Transition Mechanism,together with Presidential Regulation 112/2022,in which construc-tion of new power

247、 plants is blocked.But no policies have been developed to stop or limit fossil fuel use,and no targets developed to limit the production of fossil fuels in line with the 1.5C goal.Indonesia launched a new cap-and-trade system for its coal power plants.The experts welcome this development but note th

248、at the carbon price is still very low and with a very lenient emissions cap,which makes it unclear how the measure could truly be effective at reducing GHG emissions.As of the current writing,the systems precise implementation date remains uncertain and implementa-tion of the system for other sector

249、s is expected in 2025.The experts indicate that 36 units of biomass-coal co-firing power plants were active in 2022.There is also an increase in biodiesel production from crude palm oil.The experts also note there are potential environmental justice issues,problematic land use change,and preventable

250、 deforestation as the palm oil and wood-based biomass plantations for coal co-firing power plants are expanded.This could also influence the countrys GHG emissions from the forestry sector.The experts want to see the country reach its potential in climate action by having a proper roadmap for renewa

251、ble energy and GHG emissions reduction.Indonesia needs to bolster its NDC to align with the 1.5C goal.It also needs to set a higher renewable energy target to match the NDC target,and to apply it with appropriate funding plans.South Africa 4544South Africa maintains an overall low rating in this yea

252、rs CCPI,falling one spot to 45th.The country receives mixed ratings across the four main CCPI categories:very low in Renewable Energy,low in Climate Policy and GHG Emissions,and high in Energy Use.The Department of Energy revised its Integrated Resource Plan(IRP),in which the country commits to incr

253、easing its uptake of renewable energy.The plan was conceived as a subset of the countrys Integrated Energy Plan,aim-ing for safe and sustainable energy infrastructure and supply,which minimises emissions and balances de-mands.However,the CCPI country experts criticise the lack of coherence between t

254、he national GHG trajectory and sectoral energy masterplans,such as the Gas User Masterplan and the IRP,in which South Africas govern-ment maintains its commitment to long-term coal power.South Africa is among the nine countries responsible for 90%of global coal produktion,which is incompatible with

255、the 1.5C target.24CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action NetworkThe proposed Upstream Petroleum Development Act,un-der discussion in Parliament,paves the way for extensive exploitation of new gas finds both onshore and offshore.Moreover,the poor implementation of just trans

256、ition com-mitments to date is highly undesirable.The experts regard all of this with great concern.Preparations for revising the national energy planning process,starting in April 2024,might signal development in the right direction.In January 2023,limits for private power generation for self-consum

257、ption were also reduced.This allows large energy consumers to invest in renewable energy,which the experts regard as a beneficial incentive.The experts demand the urgent initiation of a just transi-tion process to a low-carbon economy by investing in renewable energy,not in coal,gas,or new nuclear,a

258、nd implementation of tax incentives for more energy effi-ciency investments.Uzbekistan 48new Uzbekistan,one of four new countries added to the CCPI this year,ranks 48th an overall low performer.Uzbekistan receives mixed ratings in the four main cat-egories:medium in Energy Use,low in GHG Emissions a

259、nd Climate Policy,and very low in Renewable Energy.In 2021,Uzbekistan published its updated Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC),in which it commits to reducing specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 35%by 2030 compared with 2010 levels,instead of the 10%in the first NDC.The governm

260、ent plans to achieve this target by increas-ing the share of renewable energy in power generation to 25%,prioritizing energy efficiency measures,and ex-panding renewable energy sources.Its also scheduled to reduce the carbon intensity of the countrys GDP and introduce energy-effective technologies i

261、n key economic sectors,as reported in the Strategy on the Transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Green Economy for the Period of 20192030.The strategy also aims to meet Uzbekistans growing de-mand for electricity and ensure further balanced develop-ment of the electric power industry while

262、being in line with the Paris Agreement.However,the CCPI country experts indicate that Uzbekistan clearly still has a long way to go.The country continues to strongly rely on natural gas,which is widely used in the economy and frequently runs out,causing massive power outages.Uzbekistans rankings ind

263、icate the countrys plans will also pose major challenges.Currently,Uzbekistan is last overall in the Renewable Energy category.Hydropower remains the dominant renewable source in the electricity sys-tem,providing 1.85 GW of capacity,with other renewable sources accounting for no more than 1%.Overall

264、,the share of renewable sources,including hydropower,is 8%of the energy balance.Thus,the CCPI experts demand quick follow-up action to the governments ambitious plans.To improve its ranking and make the green transition more coherent,Uzbekistan needs to reverse its renewable trend through rapid expa

265、nsion and set even more ambitious goals.Therefore,the experts also stress that Uzbekistan has great potential in for solar energy.However,the ex-perts still strongly advocate for Uzbekistans ambition and legislative approaches.Overall,the experts demand a progressive expansion of re-newable energies

266、 and reduced dependence on natural gas.Australia 5055 Australias overall ranking improves by five spots to 50th in this years CCPI.Australia is now among the low performers.The country gets a low in the GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,and Climate Policy categories,and a very low for Energy Use.Austra

267、lias 2030 climate goal is to reduce GHG emissions by 43%vs.2005 levels.The country plans to achieve net zero by 2050.The government also sets a renewable electricity target of 82%by 2030.The CCPI climate ex-perts welcome these goals.Nevertheless,the ambitions lack detailed plans and policies for ach

268、ieving the targets,and there seems to be no intent to set more ambitious targets.Australia has still not addressed the rising emis-sions from transport with either updated fuel policies or effective incentives to purchase battery-powered electric vehicles.Australia continues to develop fossil fuel p

269、rojects and in-frastructure,and its developed gas reserves rank it among the worlds top 20.The country is one of nine countries collectively responsible for 90%of global coal production and it plans to increase coal and gas production by 2030.The increase is not compatible with the global 1.5C tar-g

270、et.There is no fossil fuel phase-out in sight,nor is there a concrete plan to limit fossil fuel extraction.The CCPI experts demand a clear fossil fuel phase-out,the end of fossil fuel subsidies,and government investment in more renewable energy.In international climate politics,Australia has shown s

271、ome progress in joining the Global Methane Pledge but it is donating little to the Green Climate Fund and does not take a leading role in climate diplomacy.Overall,the experts demand a concrete phase-out plan for fossil fuels and for Australia to take a leading role in climate politics.Joining the B

272、eyond Oil and Gas Alliance and Powering Past Coal Alliance would be first steps.The country has good potential for renewable energy and should use this potential to ensure its renewable electric-ity goals are implemented.25CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Network Chin

273、a 5151 China holds onto the 51st spot in this years CCPI.It remains among the low performing countries.The country receives a very low rating in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories,while it receives a medium in Renewable Energy and Climate Policy.Chinas plans of a GHG emissions peak in 2030

274、are un-changed.It aims for carbon neutrality by 2060.Despite that,it has not updated its Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)in three years.Overall,the CCPI country experts welcome Chinas climate policies,especially the growing renewable energy sector and energy efficiency measures.China is incre

275、asing its renewable energy targets.The country is on track to pro-duce 1,200 GW of wind and solar power by 2025,reaching its 2030 goal five years ahead of schedule.Nevertheless,coal power continues to expand,and its still uncertain whether coal use will peak in 2024.In the transport sector,the share

276、 of electric cars in total domestic auto sales reached 29%in 2022,exceeding its 2025 target several years earlier.Chinas energy demand is expected to rise by more than 12%in 2030 compared with 2021,this is also reflected in Chinas very low rating in Energy Use.China is among the 20 countries with th

277、e largest de-veloped oil and gas reserves.Its also among the nine countries responsible for 90%of global coal production.China also plans to increase its gas and coal production by 2030.This is incompatible with the 1.5C target.The experts note that economic growths slowing in China led to there bei

278、ng no announcements regarding more ambi-tious climate targets in the current year.In international climate politics,the experts welcome the support of developing countries,note a stronger focus on green energy projects in 2023,and call for a continuation of this trend.The experts also stress the imp

279、ortance of China taking a leading role in climate policy.Poland 5554 Poland ranks 55th in this years CCPI,still among the lowest-performing countries.It receives a low rating in all CCPI index categories:GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,Energy Use,and Climate Policy.Coal power dominates Polands energy

280、 mix.While the government plans to phase out coal by 2049,the CCPI country experts criticise this target as too late,and a general fossil fuel phase-out is not in sight.Despite an agreement to close coal mines by 2049,our experts indi-cate the just transition plans are too weak.Poland has not announ

281、ced a long-term strategy to re-duce GHG emissions for 2050.The proposed update to the Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 aims for 73%of electricity from renewable energy sources and nuclear power.The countrys energy mix currently has a very low share of renewable energy sources,but a positive trend

282、can be seen.The energy crisis led Poland to ac-celerate renewable energy deployment,and businesses and local authorities are increasing their investments in such energy.The experts welcome the growing interest in renewables but criticise the governments emphasis on nuclear energy and the lack of a c

283、lear,progressive energy supply policy.Strict restrictions on onshore wind energy,however,have recently been eased.Biomass is one of the most used forms of renewable en-ergy in the Polish energy mix,mainly for heating in large cities and individual houses.Its use has increased in the wake of Russias

284、war on Ukraine.The experts note that this development contributes to increased harvesting of forests in Poland,which reduces the capacity to absorb carbon dioxide and threatens forest conservation sta-tus.Widespread use of biomass also harms Polands air quality.Moreover,the experts point to a flawed

285、 institu-tional design,as the government body in charge of forest management is responsible for maximising profits from the sale of wood,while at the same time preserving the forests a conflict of interest.Poland does not play an active role in international climate policy.At the EU level,Poland opp

286、oses the ban on com-bustion engines by 2035 and higher energy standards for buildings.On a positive note,Poland met the EUs energy and cli-mate policy targets set for 2020.Its among the leading EU countries in terms of heat pump sales.The government launched different programs to support the install

287、ation of solar panels and heat pumps,as well as the purchase of electric cars and buses.The CCPI experts expect from Poland a long-term GHG reduction policy,strategies for becoming less depend-ent on coal and other fossil fuels,and most importantly a coherent national vision for transformation.Turke

288、y 5647 Turkey drops nine ranks in the CCPI to 56th,making it a very low-performing country.The country receives a medium ranking in the Renewable Energy category,low in GHG Emissions and Energy Use,and very low in Climate Policy.Turkey plans to increase its GHG emissions until 2038 and announced 205

289、3 as its net-zero target date.The CCPI country experts emphasise that the main shortcoming of the policy to reduce GHG emissions is that it is calculated 26CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Networkwith in a business-as-usual scenario(BAU)and there-fore does not aim to

290、reduce net greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.Turkey updated its Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)in April 2023,but the experts indicate it is not in line with the countrys net-zero vision and the Paris Agreements 1.5 C target.Turkey still heavily depends on fossil fuels for energy.It has no fossil

291、fuel phase-out policy and is still conducting gas and oil exploration in different regions.It also contin-ues to subsidise fossil fuels.The CCPI country experts call for an immediate end to fossil fuel exploration and extraction and the closure of old coal-fired power plants.They urge for the develo

292、pment of transition plans for coal regions,and with a fair perspective.Official IEA data show that the share of renewables has increased slightly,but needs tripling to be compatible with 1.5C.The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources pub-lished a National Energy Plan in January 2023.This plan pro

293、jects high levels of renewable capacity,particularly solar.And while it envisions a gradual reduction in the share of fossil fuels in electricity generation,the experts criticise it for including expanded nuclear power.Current legislation also does not favour decentralised renewa-ble energy producti

294、on,resulting in most projects being centralised and large-scale.The targets for wind energy are not ambitious and the plan does not include a coal phase-out.The experts suggest mandating installation of solar panels on the roofs of public service infrastructure,automobile parking,and open marketplac

295、es.Energy co-operatives should also be regulated to make it easier to set up and maintain them,with fewer legal burdens and obstacles.Regarding energy efficiency,the experts paint a mixed picture.The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan(20172023)aims to reduce primary energy consumption by 14%by 2

296、023.The plan expires at the end of 2023,but the energy efficiency target seems to have been missed,partly due to the electricity distribution networks inef-ficiency.Progress has been made in rail infrastructure,as large investments in developing high-speed railways are promising.Production of the co

297、untrys first electric car also began in 2023.The experts want to see energy ef-ficiency given a higher priority in energy policy.Turkeys agricultural and forestry sectors suffer from a lack of protective legislation.The experts report that cur-rent forestry policy treats forests as production areas

298、rather than as natural assets to be protected.The growing timber industry is leading to a huge increase in deforesta-tion,even in protected areas such as national parks.This poses a major threat to carbon sinks.The experts there-fore call for the proportion of protected land and marine areas to be i

299、ncreased to at least 30%by 2030,in line with the Global Biodiversity Framework.The experts offer several policy recommendations.They want to see the NDC revised with an ambitious abso-lute reduction target.A coal phase-out policy should be adopted and coal subsidies should be transferred to a renewa

300、ble energy support scheme.Policy instruments for decarbonisation of all sectors should be introduced.And a more transparent and participatory approach should be adopted in the climate change bill currently being drafted.United States 5752 The United States falls five ranks to 57th in this years CCPI

301、,with an overall very low rating.As in the previous year,the US receives a very low in the GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,and Energy Use cat-egories.However,it receives a medium in Climate Policy.The United States under the Biden administration signed the Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)in 2022.This new

302、 policy aims to halve GHG emissions by 2030 vs.2005 levels.The USs goal is to become net zero by 2050.The IRA has also led to significant investments in renewable energy and it supports energy efficiency measures.The CCPI country experts welcome the IRA climate poli-cies,but note that more concrete

303、implementation poli-cies will be needed to reach net zero.The Republican opposition and some Democrats are blocking stronger climate policy.Continuing domestic fossil fuel extraction is a significant weak point in US climate policy.The newly permitted oil drilling in Alaska is a glaring step backwar

304、ds.The US is among the 20 countries with the largest de-veloped oil and gas reserves.Its also among the nine countries responsible for 90%of global coal production.Moreover,the US plans to increase its gas and coal pro-duction by 2030.This is not compatible with the 1.5C target.The CCPI experts dema

305、nd concrete phase-out goals for fossil fuels and redirection of fossil fuel subsidies towards renewable energy,transport electrification,and energy efficiency projects.The experts expect the IRA to set an example in inter-national climate politics.If the act is implemented as planned,the United Stat

306、es will likely increase its ranking in future CCPI editions.Japan 5850 Japans CCPI ranking continues to fall,to place 58th in this years edition,giving it a very low rating.Japan receives a low rating in the GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,and Energy Use categories.The coun-try also maintains its ver

307、y low rating in Climate Policy.At the May 2023 G7 Summit in Hiroshima,Japan commit-ted to largely decarbonising its energy sector by 2035,while also promising it would have no new coal power plants.A target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 has also been given.27CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewC

308、limate Institute&Climate Action NetworkDespite these commitments,the CCPI country experts criticise the lack of a concrete roadmap towards achiev-ing the targets.The experts indicate Japan will continue using coal power plants in 2050.Japan also formulated its Green Transformation policy in 2023.How

309、ever,rather than promoting a transition from fossil fuels,it enables Japan to maintain fossil fuel usage through so-called in-novative technologies.Biomass power in Japan has seen rapidly increasing use.A new feed-in premium program has been in effect since April 2022,with biomass power reaching a 3

310、,610 MW ca-pacity that June.Most of the biomass is imported,and it is increasing year on year.The CCPI experts note that in the G7 process,Japan blocked discussions on decarbonised power and trans-port systems.The experts stress this blocking continues in other international fora,such as the UNFCCC.

311、Some Japanese investments in other Asian countries also sup-port the deployment of false solutions that lead to con-tinued use of fossil fuels without meaningfully lowering carbon emissions,such as with hydrogen and ammonia co-firing with fossil fuels.The CCPI experts strongly recommend Japan halt i

312、ts efforts in maintaining coal power plants and set a concrete target for phasing out coal-fired power.Along with this,Japan needs to develop and implement effective carbon pricing and a robust renewable energy development plan.Japans Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)also needs to be reviewed

313、to be aligned with the Paris 1.5C goal,and clear targets are needed for moving away from fossil fuels.Canada 6258 Canada falls four ranks and is now at 62nd in the CCPI.The country remains among the very low performing countries.Canada receives a very low rating in the GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy

314、,and Energy Use categories.Climate Policy is rated low.Canadas Emissions Reduction Plan includes the 2030 target of an emissions reduction of 40%below 2005 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050.In 2019,Canada introduced a carbon price system.In 2023,the price per tonne CO2 was increased to$6

315、5,rising to$170/tonne by 2030.However,most of the emis-sions generated by oil and gas producers are exempted,meaning these companies pay a very low average price for their emissions.Although the country is transitioning from coal power and reducing methane,it plans to increase its gas and oil pro-du

316、ction by 2030.Canada is among the 20 countries with the largest developed oil and gas reserves.This is not compatible with the 1.5C target.There are no plans for an oil and gas phase-out,but the government has committed to adopting oil and gas emissions cap regulations.The policy has been delayed,an

317、d there are important efforts led by the oil and gas lobby to undermine its stringency and level of ambition.Regulations have also been tabled for a net-zero electricity grid in Canada by 2035.Overall,the CCPI country experts expect Canada to take responsibility in climate politics.Canada is a wealt

318、hy country and a large oil and gas producer.The experts demand plans for a strong emissions cap,a fossil fuel phase-out from the provinces that meaningfully supports resource-intensive communities,a transparent Emissions Reduction Plan progress report,and climate-aligned fi-nancial regulations.Russi

319、an Federation 6359 Russia is ranked 63rd in this years CCPI down four places and remaining among the very low performers.It receives a very low in all four CCPI index categories,GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,Energy Use,and Climate Policy.Data show that the country has high per capita energy consump

320、tion that has been steadily increasing.As Russia continues to use fossil fuels as its main source of energy,its target and current share of renewable energy is be-low 5%.Russia is among the 20 countries with the larg-est developed oil and gas reserves.Its also among nine countries collectively respo

321、nsible for 90%of global coal production.Russia also plans to increase its gas,coal,and oil production by 2030.This is incompatible with the 1.5C target of the Paris Agreement.The CCPI country experts note that its been difficult to verify Russias climate actions since the start of the Russian war ag

322、ainst Ukraine.The experts report that,under current legislation,green-house gas(GHG)emissions reductions remain voluntary,which significantly weakens policy strength.A law on limiting GHG emissions was introduced in 2021,but it contains no substantive measures.The CCPI experts do welcome the increas

323、ing use of electric buses for public transport in large cities.The experts call for a clear politi-cal signal on decarbonising the economy.Republic of Korea 6460 The Republic of Korea(ROK)continues to be a very low-performing country in the CCPI,ranked 64th and down four places from the previous yea

324、r.As the fourth-worst overall performer in the CCPI,the ROK ranks very low in the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories,and for Renewable Energy and Climate Policy,the low ratings are only a bit better.Despite the countrys updated Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)the CCPI national experts no

325、ted that 28CCPI Results 2024Germanwatch,NewClimate Institute&Climate Action Networkthe Korean government has been regressing on its prom-ises.For example,the renewable energy target(share of electricity)is down from 30.2%to 21.6%by 2030 in the 10th Power Plan announced in early 2023.Moreover,most re

326、tired coal power plants will be replaced by gas plants and will take up a substantial share of the national power capacity.Among other non-climate friendly solutions,the renewable energy share reduction is followed by the rise of nuclear capacity planning.The experts also criticise that the Korean g

327、overnment has not yet ended public financing of oil and gas projects,and there have been calls for cooperation with other foreign governments in gas power plants projects.The experts stress that the ROK should align its development and renewable energy targets with the Paris Agreement 1.5C goal whil

328、e phasing out coal and other fossil fuels in all sectors.Use of biomass energy is also a growing trend.There have been efforts to increase the production and usage of domestic biomass resources,but this raises concerns about harm to the ROKs biodiversity.United Arab Emirates 65new The United Arab Em

329、irates(UAE)enters the CCPI at 65th,as one of the lowest performing countries.The country receives a very low in the GHG Emissions,Renewable Energy,and Energy Use categories and a me-dium in Climate Policy.The UAEs per capita greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions are among the highest in the world,as is its p

330、er capita wealth,while its national climate targets are inadequate.The UAE continues to develop and finance new oil and gas fields domestically and abroad.The country submitted an updated Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC)this year.While it has increased its ambition,the targets remain below it

331、s fair share and im-plementation needs to follow.While the CCPI country experts welcome the governments efforts to expand large-scale solar projects,the share of renewables in total primary energy supply(TPES)remains below 1%.In addition to investing in carbon capture and storage tech-nologies,the U

332、AE should seek to reduce its emissions in ways such as exploiting its strong potential for renewable energy production.The experts also criticise the UAEs uncoordinated waste management practices,which result in expensive projects but neglect large sources of emissions.And the experts call for stric

333、ter building codes to improve energy effi-ciency,as energy consumption should be reduced.The UAE is planning the largest COP ever and is highly motivated to make it a success.To this end,it plans to launch several of its own policy initiatives,in addition to successful negotiations.In the run-up to COP28,many have been critical of the role of COP President Sultan Al Jaber,who is the CEO of the sta