1、Mobile Net Zero 2024State of the Industry on Climate ActionCopyright 2024 GSM AssociationThe GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobile ecosystem to discover,develop and deliver innovation foundational to positive business environments and societal change.Our vision is to unlock the full powe

2、r of connectivity so that people,industry and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations across the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions,and Outreach.This activi

3、ty includes advancing policy,tackling todays biggest societal challenges,underpinning the technology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the worlds largest platform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events.We invite you to find out more at .Follow the

4、 GSMA on Twitter:GSMA GSMA Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobile operator data,analysis and forecasts,and a publisher of authoritative industry reports and research.Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.It is th

5、e most accurate and complete set of industry metrics available,comprising tens of millions of individual data points,updated daily.GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors,regulators,financial institutions and third-party industry players to support strategic decision-making and l

6、ong-term investment planning.The data is used as an industry reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by the industry itself.Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry ContentsForeword 4Executive Summary 51.Net Zero Am

7、bition 7Climate targets 9GSMA Climate Action Taskforce 132.Tracking progress on climate action 14Understanding climate risks and opportunities 15Mobile industry emissions 173.Emissions from mobile operators 20Operational emissions 21Electricity use 22Energy efficiency 24Renewable energy 264.Emission

8、s from supply chains and customers 27Scope 3 emissions 28Circular economy 305.Adaptation and resilience 32 Enhancing the climate resilience of networks 33 Enabling climate resilience 34The GSMA Innovation Fund for Climate Resilience and Adaptation 2.0 356.Enabling climate action 36 Enabling emission

9、 reductions 37European Green Digital Coalition 387.Recommendations to accelerate progress 398.Regional insights 42Asia Pacific 43Europe 44Greater China 45Latin America 46Middle East and North Africa 47North America 48Sub-Saharan Africa 49Annex:Methodology 50Data sources 51ForewordWe entered 2024 aga

10、inst the backdrop of unprecedented climate challenges affecting people and businesses and cascading to all aspects of society.In response,the collective resolve for change,both in business and society,is more palpable than ever.We are proud of the continuous efforts made by the mobile industry and,s

11、ince we set our ambitious goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050 in 2019,mobile operators have taken decisive action.An impressive 70 or almost half of global mobile connections have committed to near-term science-based targets.As we unveil the fourth annual assessment of the industrys progres

12、s towards this net zero goal,it is evident that,although challenges remain,significant strides have been made.Despite the global surge in data demand and coverage,emissions from operators fell by 6%between 2019 and 2022.Several regions have witnessed tangible reductions,with Europe leading the charg

13、e with a remarkable 50%decrease.But the journey ahead demands acceleration and replication of success across all regions and sectors.With three-quarters of the mobile industrys carbon emissions stemming from the Scope 3 value chain,engaging suppliers and customers becomes crucial.The necessity of ci

14、rcularity,of boosting reuse,repair and recycling of mobile phones and network equipment,has been underscored by the circularity targets that we announced in June 2023 and which have already been adopted by 15 operators worldwide.Importantly,collaboration emerges as the linchpin for success.With 70 o

15、perators publicly disclosing their climate impacts and a growing number joining the GSMA Climate Action Taskforce,the industry is witnessing an unprecedented level of collective action and transparency.Similarly,our engagement with the public sector,governments and international institutions to coll

16、aborate on climate action keeps on expanding.At COP28,we joined forces with other digital ecosystem players to raise awareness of the enabling power of connectivity to address climate challenges.We alongside 120 nations and a resounding chorus of private sector voices joined the call to triple renew

17、ables capacity and double energy efficiency progress by 2030.We believe that greater collaboration will result in greater opportunities for systemic changes,and we are committed to supporting our members on this journey towards a sustainable digital future.Alix Jagueneau Head of External Affairs,GSM

18、ANet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8More mobile network operators joined the GSMA Climate Action

19、Taskforce in 2023.The Taskforce has grown rapidly over the last three years and now has 66 members,with networks in most countries around the world.MNOs are leaders in proactively committing to voluntary climate targets.Over the past year,eight operators submitted new near-term targets to the Scienc

20、e Based Targets Initiative(SBTi),bringing the total to 70 operators and representing nearly half of global mobile connections.Fifty-three operators have also committed to net zero targets.5 Executive SummaryClimate action continues to be a key priority for the mobile industry.In 2019,the mobile indu

21、stry set a goal to reach net zero by 2050,becoming one of the first sectors in the world to set such an ambitious target.This report is the fourth annual assessment of the industrys progress towards this goal and it provides key recommendations for how mobile network operators,suppliers and governme

22、nts can work together to accelerate progress across the sector.A growing number of operators are publicly disclosing their climate impacts.Seventy mobile network operators representing more than half of mobile connections globally disclosed to the CDP in 2023,compared with 67 operators in 2022.In ad

23、dition,data was gathered from nine large operators sustainability reports,bringing the total coverage of disclosures to 80%of connections.The quality of disclosures has improved:a record 19 operators received an A score in 2023.More than a quarter of operators disclosing to CDP received an A,compare

24、d with just 1.5%of all companies disclosing to CDP in 2023.Operators also improved the coverage and quality of Scope 3 disclosures the most difficult to measure with nearly two-thirds of operators disclosing to the CDP 10 or more Scope 3 categories.Three-quarters of the mobile industrys carbon emiss

25、ion come from its value chain(Scope 3),highlighting the importance of engaging supply chains and customers.More than 90%of Scope 3 emissions came from just five Scope 3 categories:1)Purchased goods and services;2)Capital goods;3)Fuel-and energy-related activities;11)Use of sold products;and 15)Inves

26、tments.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights86 Operational emissions fell in most regions between 20

27、19 and 2022,led by a 50%reduction in Europe.In North America,Latin America and Middle East and North Africa,operators reduced their emissions by 2030%.Achieving the sectors 2030 targets requires the industrys overall emissions,including Scope 3,to fall by around 7%per year to 2030.Operational emissi

28、ons have fallen despite surging demand for data and connectivity,thanks to progress on energy efficiency and renewable energy.Between 2019 and 2022,global internet traffic more than doubled and mobile connections rose 7%while combined Scope 1 and 2(market-based)emissions fell 6%.High and volatile en

29、ergy prices over the past three years have increased the urgency of maximising energy efficiency.Information from operators shows that the energy intensity of data transmission fell by an average of 10-20%per year between 2019 and 2022.Globally,the average connection consumed around 30 kWh in 2022,w

30、ith significant variation between countries.Renewable energy is already playing a major role in reducing mobile operators emissions,accounting for a third of reductions between 2021 and 2022.Operators disclosing to CDP purchased 50 TWh of renewable electricity in 2022 one-third of their purchased el

31、ectricity,up from 14%in 2019.Without these renewable energy purchases,operational carbon emissions are estimated to have been 15million tonnes higher in 2022.Increasing the circularity of mobile phones and network equipment is critical to reducing value chain emissions.In June 2023,the GSMA announce

32、d two new circularity targets to reduce the environmental impact of mobile phones by boosting their circularity through reuse,repair and recycling.As of January 2024,15 operators have signed up to the new targets,representing a billion mobile connections.Achieving the industrys net zero goal require

33、s concerted action from operators and suppliers,supported by policies and investment from governments.For operators and suppliers,the biggest opportunities are in energy efficiency,renewable energy and circularity.Governments should play a key enabling role across these areas by implementing strong

34、climate policies and ensuring energy markets and regulations encourage investment in renewable energy and grids.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recomme

35、ndations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights81.Net Zero A

36、mbitionNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8In February 2019,the Board of the GSMA made a milestone

37、 commitment to transform the mobile industry to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050.The mobile industry became one of the first sectors in the world to set such an ambitious target.This report is the fourth annual assessment of the industrys progress towards net zero by 2050.The report aims to a

38、nswer three key questions:8 In 2019,the mobile industry set an ambitious goal to reach net zero by 2050.This report is the fourth annual assessment of the industrys progress towards this goal.1.What progress did the mobile sector make towards net zero in 2022?2.Is the sector on track to reach its sh

39、ort-and long-term climate targets?3.Where is progress being made that could be replicated to achieve net zero?Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommend

40、ations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8A growing number of mobile network operators worldwide have committed to rapidly reduce their carbon emissions,taking responsibility for their operational emissions as well as their indirect emissions up and down their value chains.Near-term science-ba

41、sed targets(SBTs)are defined by the Science-Based Targets Initiative(SBTi)to set carbon-reduction targets in line with limiting global warming.First,an organisation commits to a target,then it is validated against a target level.Validated targets are in line with the ambition of the mobile sector to

42、 be net zero by 2050.Net zero targets are corporate commitments to reduce Scope 1,2 and 3 by 2050 in line with the UN-led Race to Zero Campaign.Validated net zero targets are net zero targets that have been submitted to the SBTi and validated by a team of technical experts of emissions reduction tar

43、gets against the qualitative and quantitative corporate criteria.Climate targets9 Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7

44、Regional insights8CASE STUDYHow Telefnica Brazil is Achieving Climate Targets How Telefnica Brazil is Achieving Climate Targets Find out more10 Figure 1|Mobile operators near-term science-based targets Source:GSMA analysis based on SBTi(2023)70 mobile operators have committed to science-based target

45、s(SBTs)as of January 2024,accounting for.202120222023of revenue and nearly half of all mobile connections68%Over the past year,eight operators submitted new near-term science-based targets to the Science Based Targets Initiative(SBTi),bringing the global total to 70 operators as of the end of Januar

46、y 2024.These operators represent nearly half of all mobile connections globally and two-thirds of revenue(see Figure 1).Nearly three-quarters of these targets(50)have been validated by SBTi,representing more than 40%of all mobile connections.In addition to these near-term targets,53 operators have a

47、lso set longer-term targets to achieve net zero(see Table 1).Twelve net-zero targets were validated over the past year,bringing the industry total to 16.For information explaining how to set science-based targets for mobile network operators,see the GSMAs step-by-step guide on Setting Climate Target

48、s1.of all mobile connections represented by validated SBTI targets40%0070Number of operators1 https:/ 6250operators representing48%of connections68%of revenuesNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4

49、Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights811 NEAR-TERM SCIENCE-BASED TARGETCOMPANY 2degrees1.5CA11.5C2050Algar TelecomCommitted AlticeCommitted 2050Amrica Mvil1.5C2050AT&T1.5CAxianCommittedAxiataCommitted 2050Bell Canada1.5C2050Bharti

50、 Airtel1.5C2050Bouygues Telecom1.5CBT Group1.5C2041CelcomDigiCommitted2050Chunghwa Telecom1.5C2050CK Hutchison1.5C2050Deutsche Telekom1.5C2040Elisa1.5C2040e&1.5CFar EasTone1.5C2048GlobeCommitted2050G0 MaltaCommitted2050Iliad1.5C2050JT GroupWell below 2CKDDI 1.5C2050KPN1.5C2040LG UplusCommittedLibert

51、y Costa RicaCommittedLiberty Global1.5CM1 1.5CMagyar Telekom1.5C2050Millicom1.5C2050MTN1.5C2040NOS1.5C2050NTT Docomo1.5C2040Orange1.5C2040PPFCommitted NET ZERO TARGETTable 1|Operators climate targetsAs of 31 January 2024 Continued Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from

52、mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Proximus1.5C2040RakutenCommittedReliance Jio1.5C2050RogersCommitted2050SafaricomWell below 2C2050Saudi Telecom Company1.5C2050Singt

53、el1.5C2045SK Telecom1.5C2050SoftBank1.5C2050Spark New Zealand1.5CStarHub 1.5C2050Swisscom1.5C2035T-Mobile NederlandCommitted2050T-Mobile USA1.5C2040Taiwan Mobile1.5C2050TDC NET1.5C2030Tele2 1.5C2035Telecom Liechtenstein 1.5CTelefnica1.5C2040TelenetCommitted2050Telenor Group1.5C2045Telia Company1.5C2

54、040Telkom SA Committed2050Telstra1.5C2050TELUS 1.5C2050TIM1.5C2040*TPG Telecom1.5C2050True CorporationCommitted2050Turkcell1.5CVerizon1.5CVirgin Media O21.5C2040Vodafone Group1.5C2040Vodafone Ziggo1.5C2050ZainCommitted2050NEAR-TERM SCIENCE-BASED TARGETCOMPANY NET ZERO TARGET*Europe Markets Bold Vali

55、dated net zero target Source:CDP,SBT,UN and operators12 Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8CMYK C

56、100：M90：Y0：K32RGB(近似値)R14：G13：B106PANTONE：2747CKDDI 株式会社 宣伝部 CMYKGSMA Climate Action TaskforceProgress towards net zero has been strengthened and accelerated through collaboration between operators across the sector.To provide a forum for this collaboration,the GSMA created a Climate Action Taskforc

57、e in 2019.The Taskforce has grown rapidly over the last three years and now has 66 members,with networks in most countries around the world.The Climate Action Taskforce has four main purposes:To promote and encourage leadership on climate action to move the industry towards net zero carbon emissions

58、 by 2050.To agree on climate policy frameworks and advocacy engagement to gain support from governments and other stakeholders for a fair and equitable net zero transition.To share best practices on climate action so operators support each other and raise their ambitions.To create thought leadership

59、 and research on how mobile technologies support climate mitigation and adaptation.Through knowledge-sharing and industry collaboration,the Climate Action Taskforce also supports operators on:Improving energy efficiency in networks and buildings.Advocating for increased access to,and use of,renewabl

60、e electricity.Engaging with mobile industry suppliers on Scope 3 emissions and setting science-based targets.Improving the environmental sustainability of mobile devices,network equipment and waste management practices.Using mobile connectivity to reduce carbon emissions through green digital soluti

61、ons.The Climate Action Taskforce welcomes new mobile network operator members.Please contact the GSMA at if you would like to join.If you are not a mobile network operator but would like to follow the latest industry climate updates,please subscribe to the GSMA Better Future newsletter.13 Net Zero A

62、mbition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights82.Tracking progress on climate actionThe latest data from operators show

63、s strong progress in most regions,demonstrating how operators in other markets can take action to reduce emissions.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Reco

64、mmendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Public disclosure of climate impacts is vital for transparency and understanding progress towards net zero.The CDP provides the most widely used global disclosure system for investors,companies,cities,states and regions.In 2023,more than 23,000 co

65、mpanies reported environmental data through the CDP a 24%increase from 2022.In 2023,70 mobile network operators disclosed to the CDP,compared with 67 operators in 2022 and 63 in 2021(see Figure 2).Although the number of disclosing operators increased in the most recent reporting year,the share of gl

66、obal mobile connections and revenues disclosed each fell by 11 percentage points because two large operators in China and Russia who disclosed in 2022 did not disclose in 2023.To address this shortfall,the GSMA collected additional high-level emissions data from the sustainability reports of nine la

67、rge non-CDP disclosing operators.The highest disclosure rates were observed in North America and Latin America,with more than 90%of mobile connections represented by CDP disclosures.The majority of mobile connections in Europe(81%),Asia Pacific(58%)and Sub-Saharan Africa(53%)were represented in CDP

68、disclosures.Only 24%of mobile connections in Greater China were represented in the disclosures,and no operators in Eurasia disclosed to the CDP in 2023.However,some operators that did not disclose to the CDP have published some emissions and energy data in their annual sustainability reports,which h

69、as been used to help create this report.Understanding climate risks and opportunities15 Figure 2|CDP disclosuresSource:GSMA analysis of CDP(2023)20202020080Number of operators67636070 Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emission

70、s from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights816 The GSMA recommends mobile network operators and key industry suppliers disclose to the CDP and/or publicly report carbon emissions.This assures stakehol

71、ders that climate action is being taken and helps to track progress towards carbon reduction targets.It also provides data for industry analysis,such as this report.The quality of disclosures has steadily improved since 2020,with 36 operators receiving a Leadership score(A or A-)in 2023(see Figure 3

72、).These 36 operators represent one-quarter of global mobile connections.Nineteen operators more than a quarter(27%)of operators disclosing to CDP received the highest score(A).This compares with just 1.5%of all companies disclosing to CDP on climate receiving an A in 2023.2 More broadly,ESG(Environm

73、ental,Social and Governance)data and analysis have become increasingly important for investors to identify risks and opportunities.In an effort to harmonise broad ESG reporting across mobile operators,the GSMA published the first voluntary ESG mobile industry reporting framework3 in 2022.In December

74、 2023,the GSMA published initial insights from early adopters4.Figure 3|CDP scoresSource:GSMA analysis of CDP(2023)2 https:/ https:/ https:/ of operators D/D-C/C-B/B-A-ANet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 A

75、daptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights817 Measuring and reporting emissionsThe greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions of nearly all companies globally are reported using the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard5.Companies

76、report three types or scopes of emissions:Scope 1:direct emissions from owned and controlled sources,including fuel combustion,company vehicles and fugitive emissions.For a mobile operator,this could include emissions from its vehicle fleet for network maintenance or diesel generators to operate bas

77、e stations.Scope 2:indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity,steam,heating and cooling consumed by the reporting company.For an operator,most Scope 2 emissions come from the electricity used in network base station sites,data centres and other buildings.Scope 3:all other indire

78、ct emissions which the organisation is indirectly responsible for,up and down its value chain.For example,emissions related to the buying of network equipment and those produced by its suppliers,as well as emissions from operator services when subscribers and enterprises make use of them.For operato

79、rs.Scope 3 is the largest type of emissions and the hardest to measure accurately.Scope 1 and 2 emissions are typically referred to as a companys operational emissions because these are primarily within the control of the company.Although companies are not directly responsible for Scope 3 emissions,

80、these emissions are considered part of the industrys overall emissions footprint.For Scope 3 emissions,a higher margin of error should be factored into estimates given the greater complexity and difficulty in gathering and processing data.There are also methodological constraints and a lack Mobile i

81、ndustry emissions5 https:/ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standardNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8of

82、 Scope 3 accounting harmonisation.To address this challenge,the GSMA,GeSI and the ITU jointly published Scope 3 Guidance for Telecommunications Operators6 in June 2023,harmonising methods for operators to assess their Scope 3 emissions to increase coverage and transparency.Emissions from the mobile

83、industry Based on the GSMAs analysis of data disclosed to the CDP(55%of connections)and corporate reports(25%of connections),the mobile industrys operational emissions(Scope 1 and Scope 2 market-based)were an estimated 140 million tonnes(Mt)CO2e in 2022,equivalent to around 0.3%of global GHG emissio

84、ns.Operational emissions account for one-quarter of the industrys global carbon footprint.Value chain emissions(Scope 3)were an estimated 420 MtCO2e,or three-quarters of the total emissions of the industry(see Figure 4).More than 90%of Scope 3 emissions came from five categories:1)Purchased goods an

85、d services;2)Capital goods;3)Fuel-and energy-related activities;11)Use of sold products;18 Figure 4|Mobile industry emissions by scope,2022Source:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2023)and corporate sustainability reportsScope 1 2%Scope 2(market-based)23%Scope 3 75%6 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress

86、 on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights819 and 15)Investments.Value chain emissions are discussed in further detail in Chapter 4.Methodol

87、ogical details of the industry-level results are discussed in the Annex.Regional trendsThese latest estimates show positive progress since 2019,when the GSMA Board committed to reaching net zero by 2050.Operational emissions globally fell 6%between 2019 and 2022,with substantial reductions in most r

88、egions(see Figure 5).Emissions in Europe fell by half,with several operators achieving even deeper reductions,including Tele2,Telefnica,Telenor,Telia and Vodafone.Emissions from North American operators fell by around 30%over the same period.Operators in Latin America reduced emissions by 22%,led by

89、 TIMs Brazil operations and Telefnica.Operational emissions from the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)fell by around a fifth,led by Turkcell.Emissions from operators in Greater China rose 3%while those from Asia Pacific rose 10%.Tracking progress towards net zeroTo reach the targets set out by the

90、science-based pathway for the mobile sector(45%below 2020 by 2030),the industrys emissions including Scope 1,2 and 3 need to fall by an average rate of around 7%per year to 2030.While this appears challenging,recent progress shows this is within reach.The target reduction rate has been exceeded over

91、 the past three years for operational emissions in Europe(21%per year),North America(11%),Latin America(8%)and MENA(8%).Improved data and further analysis are needed to better understand Scope 3 trends.Figure 5|Regional changes in operational emissions,2019-2022Source:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2023

92、)and corporate sustainability reports2019Increase2022Decrease050100150Mt CO2eIncrease Greater China Asia PacificDecrease North America Europe Middle East and N.Africa Latin America Sub-Saharan Africa EurasiaNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissio

93、ns from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights83.Emissions from mobile operatorsDespite huge growth in demand for data and connectivity,operational emissions of the industry have been relatively flat si

94、nce 2019,thanks to progress on energy efficiency and renewable energy.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional i

95、nsights8Operational emissions of the industry combined Scope 1 and 2(market-based)emissions fell 6%between 2019 and 2022.Over the same period,the number of mobile connections globally rose 7%and global internet traffic more than doubled(see Figure 6).Operators disclosing to the CDP collectively repo

96、rted a 5%reduction in operational emissions between 2021 and 2022,with nearly two-thirds of operators reporting a decrease in operational emissions,while 35%reported an increase.More than half of the reported decrease was driven by energy efficiency efforts in networks,data centres and offices,as we

97、ll as the electrification of fleets and generators.Around 30%of the reported decrease in operational emissions was 21 Figure 6|Operational emissions,2019-2022Source:GSMA analysis.Mobile connections data from GSMA Intelligence;internet traffic data from IEA(2023)based on Cisco(2015,2019)and Telegeogr

98、aphy(2022,2023).Operational emissions200220500Index,2019=100 Internet traffic Mobile connections Operational emissionsdriven by increased renewable energy consumption.Changes in methodology,mostly related to changes in emission factors,accounted for 8%of the net decrease.Nearly

99、 60%of the net increase in operational emissions was driven by growth in activity and output(e.g.growth in customer base,data traffic and expansion of networks)followed by changes in boundary(21%)(e.g.inclusion of a subsidiary).Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mob

100、ile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights822 The majority of operational emissions came from generated and purchased electricity.Operators consumed around 320 terawatt-hours(TWh)

101、of electricity in 2022,or around 1.3%of global electricity use.This includes electricity used to power mobile and fixed networks,data centres,offices,stores,electric fleet vehicles and other operations.Electricity use in 2022 was around 10%higher than in 2019,driven by strong demand growth in China,

102、where electricity growth increased by almost 30%(see Figure 7).The Greater China region also accounted for the largest share of electricity use globally in 2022(42%),followed by North America(16%),Asia Pacific(15%)and Europe(12%).There is significant variation in electricity intensity both between a

103、nd within regions.The average electricity intensity in North America(75 kilowatt-hours kWh/connection)was 60%higher than the next highest region(Greater China)and more than twice as high as the global average (30 kWh per connection).The relatively Electricity useFigure 7|Electricity use by regionSou

104、rce:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2020;2023)and corporate sustainability reports20040407016080TWhkWh per connectionGreater ChinaNorth AmericaAsia PacificEuropeLatin AmericaMENAEurasiaSSANote:Connections include mobile,fixed broadband and fixed voice.2019 2022 kWh/connection(2022)l

105、ow population density of North America,high data traffic rates,high 5G penetration and growth in fixed wireless access services may be contributing to the regions higher energy use per connection.These figures do not include the electricity consumed by tower companies that are not subsidiaries of te

106、lecom operators.For example,American Tower,one of the largest tower companies operating more than 200,000 sites,consumed 3.6 TWh in 2022,of which two-thirds were generated on-site from fossil fuels.IHS Towers,operating nearly 40,000 towers,used around 4 TWh in 2022,of which more than 90%was supplied

107、 by on-site diesel generators.“Operators used around 320 TWh of electricity in 2022,equivalent to around 1.3%of global electricity use”Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling c

108、limate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights823 Helios Towers,operating more than 13,000 sites,used around 920 GWh.Increased disclosures from other tower companies can improve the quality and completeness of this analysis.More than 30 operators,primarily from Asia Pacific a

109、nd Europe,disclosed disaggregated data regarding the sources of Scope 2 emissions,a proxy for electricity use by end use(works,data centres and/or buildings).For nearly all operators disclosing this data except for those with major data centreoperations networks accounted for more than three-quarter

110、s of Scope 2 emissions(see Figure 8).For operators that further disaggregated network-related emissions,mobile networks typically accounted for 6085%of network-related emissions (1540%for fixed).Given that most operational emissions come from electricity use,reducing operational emissions requires a

111、ction in two key areas:energy efficiency particularly in networks and increasing the share of renewable andlow-carbon electricity.Figure 8|Scope 2 emissions by end use,select operatorsSource:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2023)Note:Other includes offices,other building operations and electric vehicles.1

112、00806040200Share of Scope 2 emissions(%)Asia PacificEurope Networks Data centres OtherNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progr

113、ess7Regional insights8CASE STUDYGlobes Net Zero Programme FindGlobes Net Zero Programme Find out more24 Energy efficiency is a strategic priority for mobile network operators.Energy is an important share of operational costs and fossil fuel prices have been highly volatile over the past three years,

114、increasing the urgency of maximising energy efficiency.There are different ways to measure the energy efficiency of networks.For mobile networks,measurement methodologies are defined in the international standard ITU-T L.13317 and European standard ETSI ES-203-228(V.1.4.1)8.The most common reported

115、metric by operators is the energy intensity of data transmission(i.e.energy use per unit data),typically reported in kWh per gigabyte(kWh/GB)or megawatt-hours per petabyte(MWh/PB).Operators that report this metric typically report based on company-wide or network-wide energy use.Data from operators

116、shows that the energy intensity of data transmission fell by an average of 10-20%per year between 2019 and 2022(see Figure 9).However,there is significant variation between operators,Figure 9|Energy intensity of data transmission,select operatorsSource:GSMA analysis of corporate sustainability repor

117、ts of mobile network operatorsEnergy efficiency0MWh/PB(Index,2019=100)Greater China North America APAC Europe Latin America2020202120222019Note:The data shown are averages across a limited number of operators disclosing this data and are intended to show indicative trends.7 https:/www.itu

118、.int/rec/T-REC-L.13318 https:/www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_es/203200_203299/203228/01.04.01_60/es_203228v010401p.pdfNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommen

119、dations to accelerate progress7Regional insights89 https:/ https:/www.ngmn.org/publications/green-future-networks-kpis-and-target-values-for-green-network-assessment.html11 https:/www.aramis.admin.ch/Default?DocumentID=67656&Load=true12 https:/www.traficom.fi/en/news/first-study-energy-consumption-c

120、ommunications-networks13 https:/ in terms of their absolute energy intensities(30-500 MWh/PB in 2022)as well as average annual improvement rates since 2019(0-36%).The average electricity use per connection also varies significantly between operators and regions.At the global level,the average energy

121、 use per connection has been flat since 2019 at around 30 kWh per connection in 2022.These indicators can provide useful insights into overall industry-level progress on energy efficiency or a specific operators progress on energy efficiency over time.However,it is not appropriate to use these figur

122、es to compare the relative energy efficiency of different networks and operators,or to use them as thresholds for what is considered energy-efficient.This is because there are large differences in energy intensity9(per unit data or per subscription10)between different networks,partly driven by facto

123、rs beyond the control of operators,such as population distribution,geography,topography,customer behaviour,network type and network maturity.Some of the differences also stem from substantial differences in energy intensity11 between fixed and mobile networks both in terms of energy per data12 and e

124、nergy per subscription13.Despite the higher energy efficiency of 5G per unit of data transmitted,the greater densification of towers means there is expected to be an increase in electricity consumption of mobile networks over the near term.This increase can be mitigated by the retirement of older,le

125、ss energy-efficient 2G and 3G networks,by the switch from copper to fibre for fixed networks,and through the deployment of energy-efficiency features of 5G such as AI-optimised sleep modes.The energy-efficiency implications of Open RAN are still uncertain.Virtualisation offers better energy-efficien

126、cy through capacity aggregation and cloudification,and can also be upgraded,set up and authenticated remotely,reducing emissions from transportation.25 Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resi

127、lience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8CASE STUDYEnergy Efficiency with Deutsche TelekomEnergy Efficiency with Deutsche TelekomFind out moreZTE Hibernation in 5G Base StationsZTE Hibernation in 5G Base StationsFind out more26 Renewable energy is alrea

128、dy playing a major role in reducing mobile operators emissions,accounting for nearly one-third of operational emission reductions between 2021 and 2022.Operators disclosing to the CDP,representing 55%of mobile connections,purchased a combined 50 TWh of renewable electricity in 2022 equivalent to the

129、 annual electricity demand of Qatar or Singapore.Among those disclosing to CDP,the share of electricity use from purchased renewables has increased from 14%in 2019 to 33%in 2022(see Figure 10).Renewable energyAbout half of the purchased renewables came from unbundled energy attribute certificates(EA

130、Cs),and one-quarter each from power purchase agreements(PPAs)and green tariffs with electricity suppliers.These figures exclude non-purchased renewable and low-carbon sources from grid electricity,which varies significantly between countries.While it is difficult to calculate a combined figure for p

131、urchased and grid renewable electricity due to an overlap between the two,it is possible to state that without these renewable energy purchases by operators,operational emissions are estimated to have been 15 MtCO2e(26%)higher in 2022.Operators also generated more than 700GWh from on-site renewables

132、,helping to displace generation and emissions from diesel generators.700 GWh of electricity generated from diesel generators would have emitted around 900 ktCO2e,in addition to harmful air pollutants including particulate matter and sulphur dioxide.On-site solar and batteries are an important soluti

133、on to increasing energy security and sustainability for operators in developing countries,particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa,where operators face huge challenges in accessing clean and reliable electricity.These challenges and potential solutions are explored in the GSMA report on Energy Challenges

134、for Mobile Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa14.Figure 10|Purchased renewable electricity in CDP disclosuresSource:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2020;2023)00%105%2010%3015%4020%5025%6030%7035%TWh2019 Purchased renewables(TWh)Share of electricity useShare of electricity use2022Note:Data are for operators di

135、sclosing to the CDP.14 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8CASE STUDYEnergy Savings in Base Stat

136、ions with KDDI Energy Savings in Base Stations with KDDI Find out moreSolarisation at Reliance JioSolarisation at Reliance JioFind out moreTurkcells Greensite ProjectTurkcells Greensite ProjectFind out more4.Emissions from supplychains and customersScope 3 emissions account for three-quarters of the

137、 industrys overall footprint.Further engagement with suppliers is critical to improve measurement and reduce emissions.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Re

138、commendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights828 Nearly all operators(97%)disclosing to the CDP in 2023 disclosed Scope 3 emissions in 2023,including nearly 40 operators disclosing 10 or more categories(see Figure 11).More than a third of operators reported emissions from all five key Scope

139、 3 categories(1,2,3,11 and 15)which account for more than 90%of the industrys Scope 3 emissions.The relative shares of Scope 3 emissions from different categories can differ substantially between operators and regions(see Figure 12).Some of these differences may stem from actual differences in their

140、 businesses(e.g.large conglomerate with large operators in other sectors vs.a company that only operates mobile networks),while others may come from methodological differences or a lack of data.To help align methodologies and advise on data sources,the new GSMA Scope 3 Guidance for Telecommunication

141、 Operators15 was launched last year and has already been used by some operators.Wider adoption will improve future measurement.Scope 3 emissions may also differ over time for a given company due to structural factors or differences in methodology and data sources.For example,a highly capital-intensi

142、ve year could have significantly higher category 1 and 2 emissions compared with other years.Scope 3 emissionsFigure 11|Scope 3 disclosure coverageSource:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2020;2023)0070Number of operatorsCDP 2020CDP 2023 Fewer than five categories Five to nine categories Ten or

143、more categories15 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights829 Figure 12|Scope 3 emissions by category

144、 for select operators,by region0708090100%of Scope 3 emissions3123123123APACEuropeGreater ChinaLatin AmericaMENANorth AmericaSSA Purchased goods and services Capital goods Fuel-and energy-related activities Use of sold products Investments Other upstream Other downstream Source

145、:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2023)0Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8CASE STUDYHow Telefnica is App

146、roaching Supply Chain Engagement How Telefnica is Approaching Supply Chain Engagement Find out moreTelenors Scope 3 Supplier Engagement StrategyTelenors Scope 3 Supplier Engagement StrategyFind out moreEngaging Telstras Supply ChainEngaging Telstras Supply ChainFind out more30 New circularity target

147、s for mobile phonesThe GSMA conducted new research16 that estimated there are more than five billion mobile phones lying dormant around the world.These phones could contain more than 50,000 tonnes of copper,500 tonnes of silver and 100 tonnes of gold.There is also enough cobalt in them for 10 millio

148、n electric vehicle batteries.To help avoid wasting these precious resources,in June 2023 the GSMA announced that leading operators had committed to two new targets to reduce the environmental impact of mobile phones by boosting their circularity through reuse,repair and recycling.Circular economy17T

149、IMESDo you have an old phone in a drawer?Globally,there are more thanbn5inactive used phonesStretched in a line,these phones could go around the planet16 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation an

150、d resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights831 The two targets aim to increase the take-back of mobile phones and prevent them from being sent to landfills or incineration:By 2030,the number of used mobiledevices collected through operatortake-back s

151、chemes should amount to atleast 20%of the number of new mobiledevices distributed directly to customers.By 2030,100%of used mobile devicescollected through operator take-backschemes will be repaired,reused ortransferred to controlled recyclingorganisations.As of January 2024,the following operators

152、have signed up to the circularity targets,representing a billion connections:BT Group Deutsche Telekom Group Globe Telecom GO Malta Iliad KDDI NOS Orange Proximus Safaricom Singtel SoftBank Tele2 Telefonica TelenorThe GSMA invites all mobile network operators to consider aligning to these targets to

153、 help expand the industrys efforts to move towards a more circular economy.For more information,please contact RRRThe cobalt in them could help make batteries for10m50,000COPPERTONNESGOLD100TONNESMobile operators are recovering more phones for reuse,refurbishment and repair.What part can you play?50

154、0SILVERTONNESWhat critical minerals could be recovered from five billion phones?ELECTRIC CARSHow can you reduce the impact of your next phone?100%Reusing a phone savesof the climate impact of a new phoneRefurbishing a phone saves87%of the climate impact of a new phoneNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progr

155、ess on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions

156、from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights85.Adaptation and resilienceMobile network infrastructure and other critical infrastructures must become more climate-resilient to continue operating and support

157、ing our societies in a changing climate.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights833 The mobile industry a

158、nd all other sectors must reduce emissions rapidly to net zero by 2050 to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.However,as all countries are experiencing,the impacts of climate change are already here and are getting worse.This means that we must reduce emissions while also preparing and adaptin

159、g to a changing climate.Mobile network infrastructure and other critical infrastructures must become more climate-resilient to continue operating and supporting our societies.More frequent and intense extreme weather events could damage telecommunication networks more frequently,resulting in service

160、 interruptions for customers and greater financial risks for operators.Network operators are especially exposed to climate-related financial risks because their valuable assets(base stations)are scattered everywhere,including areas at the highest risk.Enhancing the climate resilience of networksMany

161、 operators have already undertaken short-or long-term climate change risk and opportunity analysis.Based on data provided by the operators to the CDP,around 60%of operators by connections and revenue have started or are planning their climate change risk and opportunity analysis.Mobile and digital t

162、echnologies hold enormous potential to help people and businesses become more climate-resilient,helping us better anticipate and prepare for natural disasters,limit damage during disasters and accelerate response and recovery.60%of operators are planning their climate change risk and opportunity ana

163、lysisNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights834 Digital technologies can also enhance our resilience to

164、growing climate impacts.For example,satellite data and geographic information systems(GIS)can aid in hazard mapping as well as assessing damage after disasters have occurred.In the event of a disaster,mobile text alerts can help communicate emergency information to populations quickly and effectivel

165、y.Virtual and mixed reality can also play an important role in visualising climate impacts and promoting adaptation strategies.Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things can improve our ability to predict disasters and provide early warnings to populations.Early warning systems save lives,an

166、d just 24 hours notice of an impending hazardous event can cut the ensuing damage by 30%17.In 2022,the United Nations Secretary-General announced an ambition for everyone in the world to be protected by an early warning system by 2027.The GSMA is supporting work across all four of the initiatives pi

167、llars of action and sits on the high-level Advisory Board.Enabling climate resilience30%Early warning systems save lives,and just 24 hours notice of an impending hazardous event can cut the ensuing damage by“Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things can improve our ability to predict disast

168、ers and provide early warnings to populations”17 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights835 The GSMA

169、 Innovation Fund for Climate Resilience and Adaptation 2.018 was announced at the GSMA Mobile World Congress event in February 2023,supported by the UK Foreign,Commonwealth and Development Office(FCDO)and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(Sida).Building on the first Innovation

170、 Fund launched in 2021,where 12 successful start-ups from 10 countries were selected19,the fund aims to help accelerate the testing,adoption and scalability of digital innovations that enable the worlds most vulnerable populations to adapt,anticipate and absorb the negative impacts of climate change

171、 or strengthen biodiversity.Successful projects will receive grant funding of between 100,000 and 250,000 over 15 to 18 months,plus tailored technical assistance including mentoring and expert advice,networking and showcasing opportunities,facilitating relevant partnerships and monitoring and evalua

172、tion support.The GSMA Innovation Fund for Climate Resilience and Adaptation 2.0EgyptPakistanPhillipinesLiberiaTanzaniaKenyaSomaliaNepalEthiopiaTanzania18 https:/ https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adapt

173、ation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights86.Enabling climate actionDigital technologies and services can help reduce emissions from all sectors and make our systems and infrastructure more climate-resilient.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progre

174、ss on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights837 Digital technologies,including mobile connectivity,are key enablers of climate action.Several

175、reports,including the GSMAs Enablement Effect 201920 and 202121,have shown how smart and connected technologies can help reduce emissions across the economy,including in services,transportation,manufacturing and energy.For example,teleworking and video conferencing services can help reduce emissions

176、 by substituting for physical travel.In the transport sector,intelligent and connected mobility can improve the efficiency of transportation systems,while also shifting people and goods to lower carbon modes of transport.Smart and connected factories can improve productivity,lower energy consumption

177、 and reduce CO2 emissions.AI and machine learning can accelerate innovation in clean materials and catalysts for example,in electric vehicle battery design and performance.One of the biggest enablement opportunities lies in electricity systems,which account for nearly a third of global GHG emissions

178、.Smart energy systems are becoming a reality,with record sales of electric vehicles(EV),widespread smart meter adoption and variable tariffs becoming more common.Smart EV charging and vehicle-to-grid were highlighted as one of five key opportunities in the GSMA report on Smart Energy Systems.22Enabl

179、ing emission reductions“Intelligent and connected mobility can improve the efficiency of transportation systems,while also shifting people and goods to lower carbon modes of transport”20 https:/ https:/ https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissio

180、ns from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights838 At the EU level,there has been growing interest in understanding the relationships between the green and digital transitions,and particularly in how dig

181、ital options can accelerate climate action and help to deliver the goals of the European Green Deal.European network operators were founding members of the European Green Digital Coalition(EGDC)23,which aims to harness the enabling emission-reducing potential of digital solutions to all other sector

182、s.EGDC members and partners have worked together to develop science-based methods to estimate the net environmental impact of real-life digital solutions across six priority sectors:Energy/power Transport Smart cities Construction/buildings Manufacturing AgricultureEuropean Green Digital Coalition23

183、 https:/www.greendigitalcoalition.eu/Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights87.Recommendationsto acceler

184、ate progressAchieving the industrys goal of net zero emissions by 2050 requires strong and concerted action from operators and suppliers,supported by policies and investment from governments.Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply c

185、hains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights840 Operators Assess and publicly disclosecarbon emissions and climaterisks and opportunities forexample,through the CDP.Set science-based and net zerotargets aligned with a

186、1.5Cpathway.Optimise energy use of networksby adopting energy-efficienthardware and best practices andretiring legacy networks.Purchase and use renewable energy.Reduce fossil fuel use in fleets anddiesel generators.Develop circular economy initiativesfor network equipment,mobilephones and customer p

187、remisesequipment.Engage suppliers on climate actionand integrate climate requirementsinto procurement.Suppliers Assess and disclose carbonemissions,climate risks andopportunities through the CDP.Set science-based and net zerotargets aligned with a 1.5Cpathway.Develop more energy-efficientequipment a

188、nd devices.Purchase and use renewable energyand recycled materials.Develop circular economy initiativesfor network equipment,mobilephones and customer premisesequipment.Engage supply chains on climateaction,including operators.Moving the whole mobile industry to net zero emissions by 2050 will requi

189、re concerted effort and action by all key stakeholders.Over the past year,the GSMA has worked with operators to support this journey with the immediate focus being on the rapid cuts needed by 2030.The following outlines key recommended actions to accelerate progress towards net zero:Net Zero Ambitio

190、n1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Governments and policymakers Prioritise a just transition to economy-wide netzer

191、o emissions by 2050 at the latest,includingstrengthening countries nationally determinedcontributions and 2030 targets in line with a 1.5Ctrajectory.Implement and enhance national climate,energyand industrial policies to enable the achievementof these targets.Support the private sector in their deca

192、rbonisationefforts,including through policies and incentives toreward companies low-emissions strategies.Encourage action on energy-efficiency,includingsupporting the retirement of 2G/3G legacynetworks where possible and encouraginginnovation for more efficient technologies.Ensure electricity market

193、s and regulationsencourage renewables and actively engagein dialogue with the private sector wherethere is a lack of access for the private sector.Recognise the enablement effect of thedigital transformation and foster innovationand investment in green digital technologiesand solutions.24 https:/ ht

194、tps:/ GSMA Climate Policy24,updated in December 2023,provides additional details and recommendations for governments to help accelerate the mobile industrys transition to net zero.To support governments around the world in better understanding the intersection of climate change and the mobile indust

195、ry,the GSMA has developed a new Capacity Building course25 for policymakers and regulators.41 Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelera

196、te progress7Regional insights88.Regional InsightsNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights843 Asia Pacific

197、A varied regionThe Asia Pacific region is highly diverse,with a range of economies,network operations and energy and climate contexts.Aiming for net zeroNearly 60%of operators(by connections)disclosed to the CDP in 2023,while more than half have committed to near-term and net zero climate targets.Ri

198、se and fallOperational emissions per connection rose by around 6%between 2019 and 2022,while electricity use per connection fell by 6%.Expanding the optionsThe share of purchased renewables remains relatively low at around 10%,due primarily to the lack of options for companies to purchase renewables

199、 in many countries in the region.The Asia Clean Energy Coalition26,established in 2022,aims to accelerate the demand and supply of renewable energy across Asia.Increasing access to renewable energyMore ambitious climate and energy policies,changes to electricity markets and regulations to increase i

200、nvestment in clean energy and a further build out of regional grid infrastructure in South East Asia are all crucial to help operators in the region access renewable energy and reduce their emissions.The domino effectGiven the importance of the region in mobile industry supply chains,decarbonising t

201、he region will help to reduce Scope 3 emissions for operators around the world.43 58%disclosed to CDP54%set science-basedtargetsDisclosures and targets(%regional connections)committed to net zero target53%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in operational emissions per connection+6%-6%Change

202、 in electricity use per connection26 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8EuropeLeadership and pr

203、ogressOperators in Europe are leading the way on climate action.Between 2019 and 2022,operational emissions per connection fell by more than half,with several operators achieving reductions of more than 80%.Supply and demandElectricity use per connection fell despite increasing demand for data and c

204、onnectivity,thanks to energy efficiency improvements from the retirement of older,less energy-efficient 2G and 3G networks and the switch from copper to fibre for fixed networks.Major impactThe larger reduction in operational emissions compared with electricity use shows the impact of renewable ener

205、gy purchases.Operators disclosing to the CDP purchased a record 22 TWh of renewable electricity or around 40%of the global total.This means that around three-quarters of electricity came from purchased renewables the highest share of any region.Next stepsGiven the strong policy environment for renew

206、ables in Europe,operators are encouraged to further increase their impact by opting for power purchase agreements over green tariffs and certificates(where available)and consider moving towards matching their renewable energy purchases to account for both time and location.On the horizonGiven the st

207、rong progress on operational emissions,operators in Europe should increasingly shift their attention to engaging supply chains to reduce their Scope 3 emissions.82%disclosed to CDP84%set science-basedtargetsDisclosures and targets(%regional connections)committed to net zero target76%Energy and emiss

208、ions(%change,2019-22)Change in operational emissions per connection-53%44-15%Change in electricity use per connectionNet Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Reco

209、mmendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Greater ChinaClarity and sustainabilityTwo of the three major Chinese operators did not disclose to the CDP,but did disclose key energy and environmental data through their annual sustainability reports.Expansion and improvementsEnergy use increas

210、ed by almost 30%between 2019 and 2022,but strong reductions in Scope 1 emissions and higher renewable energy purchases helped to moderate growth in operational emissions.A mixed pictureDespite world-leading deployments of clean energy in China,the electricity grid remains dependent on fossil fuels,w

211、hich account for about two-thirds of the electricity mix.The share of low-carbon sources has increased from 22%in 2012 to 35%in 2022.Looking to the futureGiven the presence of many mobile industry supply chains in Greater China,decarbonising the electricity mix in the region will also help reduce em

212、issions from raw materials and manufacturing.24%disclosed to CDP2%set science-basedtargetsDisclosures and targets(%regional connections)committed to net zero target2%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in operational emissions per connection-2%45 Change in electricity use per connection+21%N

213、et Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights846 Latin America 46 Target commitmentsMore than 80%of operators(b

214、y connection)in Latin America have committed to near-term science-based targets.Reductions in the regionOperators in the region have also made major strides in reducing emissions over the past few years,reducing operational emissions per connection by nearly 30%.Low-emission connectionsOperators dis

215、closing to the CDP purchased nearly 5 TWh of renewables or around 40%of their overall electricity use.Given the relatively high share of renewables on the grid,this means that operational emissions per connection in Latin America are among the lowest in the world.Helping handsFurther policy support

216、is needed across all countries in the region to increase access to renewable energy.91%disclosed to CDP84%set science-basedtargetsDisclosures and targets(%regional connections)committed tonet zero target72%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in electricity use per connectionChange in operati

217、onal emissions per connection-28%Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8-5%Net Zero Ambition1Tracking p

218、rogress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Middle East and North AfricaA promising startMore than 40%of operators(by connections)in the

219、 MENA region disclosed to the CDP in 2023 and have committed to climate targets.Excellent progressAlthough the number of connections in the region increased by more than 10%between 2019 and 2022,total operational emissions and electricity use fell.Rapid growthRenewable energy purchases increased str

220、ongly between 2019 and 2022,rising from less than 1%of electricity use to 18%for operators disclosing to the CDP.Opportunities within reachScope 1 emissions account for a relatively high share(22%)of operational emissions compared with most other regions,partly as a result of a reliance on on-site d

221、iesel generators.With excellent solar resources across the region,operators are encouraged to install on-site solar and batteries to reduce Scope 1 emissions.47%disclosed to CDP42%set science-basedtargetscommitted tonet zero target30%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in electricity use per

222、 connectionChange in operational emissions per connection-31%Disclosures and targets(%regional connections)47-30%Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommen

223、dations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8North AmericaLeading the wayNearly all North American operators disclose to the CDP and have committed to climate targets.Improvements in efficiencyThis strong level of ambition is matched by action,with operational emissions per connection falling by

224、 more than 35%between 2019 and 2022,thanks in part to progress on energy-efficiency and renewable energy.A major shareMobile operators collectively purchased nearly 15 TWh of renewable electricity in 2022,or around 40%of their total electricity use.Next stepsOne area for further progress is fleet el

225、ectrification.Vehicle fleets account for a relatively high share of operational emissions compared with other regions,highlighting the significant potential emission and fuel savings from switching to electric vehicles.Government policies and incentives for fleet electrification can help operators a

226、ccelerate this transition.92%disclosed to CDP92%set science-basedtargetscommitted tonet zero target35%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in electricity use per connectionChange in operational emissions per connection-37%Disclosures and targets(%regional connections)48-1%Net Zero Ambition1Tr

227、acking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4Adaptation and resilience5Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Sub-Saharan AfricaRecent successesOperators in Sub-Saharan Africa have made strong s

228、trides in climate disclosure,target-setting and emission reductions over the past few years.An incomplete pictureOperational emissions and energy use per connection both fell by nearly 30%between 2019 and 2022.However,these figures do not include energy use and emissions from tower companies,which m

229、ay have increased over this period.The balance of powerOne of the biggest challenges in the region is access to electricity,resulting in a heavy reliance on costly and emissions-intensive diesel generators.The lack of reliable grids has resulted in Scope 1 emissions primarily from diesel generators

230、to increase by more than 60%between 2019 and 2022.Significant potential Policymakers in the region should implement policies and regulations that encourage private sector investment in renewable energy and grid infrastructure.Additional recommendations are highlighted in the GSMA report on Energy Ch

231、allenges for Mobile Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa27.53%disclosed to CDP52%set science-based targetscommitted to net zero target49%Energy and emissions(%change,2019-22)Change in electricity use per connectionChange in operational emissions per connection-29%Disclosures and targets(%regional connecti

232、ons)49 27 https:/ Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8Annex:MethodologyData sourcesThis analysis relie

233、s primarily on data from 70 mobile network operators disclosed to the CDP Climate Change 2023 Questionnaire28.These operators represent approximately 55%of mobile connections globally.We conducted data quality checks to flag potential anomalies in the data (e.g.unit errors),including checking year-o

234、ver-year-changes in emissions and energy use,intensity metrics(e.g.emissions and electricity use per connection,Scope 2 emissions per unit electricity consumed)and comparing any outliers with publicly reported data.Energy and emissions data sources,by regionSource:GSMA analysis based on CDP(2023)and

235、 corporate sustainability reportsNote:Corporate reports include integrated annual reports,ESG and sustainability reports,and other publicly disclosed data.Share of mobile connections(%)0 CDP Corporate reports ExtrapolatedAsia PacificTotalEuropeGreater ChinaLatin America Middle East&N.Afri

236、caNorth AmericaEurasiaSub-Saharan Africa28 https:/ For operators not disclosing to the CDP in the 2023 cycle,we gathered key emissions and energy data from corporate reports(e.g.integrated annual reports,ESG reports),if available.Data from nine large operators was collected via public reports,coveri

237、ng approximately a quarter of global mobile connections.Scope 1 and 2 emissions and energy data for the remaining operators were extrapolated at a regional level based on the reported data from other operators in each region (e.g.average Scope 1 emissions per connection).Scope 3 emissions for non-re

238、porting operators were extrapolated at the global level using average emissions per connection of operators disclosing at least four of the five key categories(1,2,3,11 and 15).Net Zero Ambition1Tracking progress on climate action2Emissions from mobile operators3Emissions from supply chains and customers4 Adaptation and resilience5 Enabling climate action6Recommendations to accelerate progress7Regional insights8GSMA Head Office1 Angel Lane,London,EC4R 3AB,United KingdomTel:+44(0)20 7356 0600Fax:+44(0)20 7356 0601Copyright 2024 GSM Association