1、?1?.1.?3?.1.1?3?1.2?4?2.?8?.2.1?9?2.2?10?2.3?12?2.4?13?3.?15?.3.1?15?3.1.1?1960-2019?15?3.1.2?2000-2017?17?3.2?17?3.2.1?1960-2019?17?3.2.2?2000-2017?22?3.3?24?3.3.1?1960-2019?24?3.3.2?2000-2017?28?3.4?30?4.?31?.4.1?研?31?4.2?32?4.3?34?4.4?36?4.5?38?5.?39?.5.1?39?5.2?40?5.3?41?研?44?.?45.图表目录?1-1?1950-

2、2050?3?.?1-2?务?蕾?4?.?1-3?务?够?1961-2010?6?.?2-1?IPCC?蕾?AR5?8?.?2-2?12?.?3-1?15?.?3-2?35C?16?.?3-3?蕾?16?.?3-4?17?.?3-5?18?.?3-6?35C?19?.?3-7?蕾?(a)?(b,?)?20?.?3-8?21?.?3-9?蕾?21?.?3-10?22?.?3-11?(a)?(b)?22?.?3-12?(a)?(b)?23?.?3-13?23?.?3-14?24?.?3-15?35?38?25?.?3-16?蕾?26?.?3-17?27?.?3-18?蕾?27?.?3-19?28?

3、.?3-20?(a)?(b)?28?.?3-21?(a)?(b)?29?.?3-22?29?.?4-1?21?a,?b,?%?32?.?4-2?21?TXx?a,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?33?.?4-3?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?33?.?4-4?21?a,?b,?%?34?.?4-5?21?TXx?a,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?35?.?4-6?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?35?.?4-7?21?a,?b,?%?36?.?4-8?21?TXx?a

4、,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?37?.?4-9?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?37?.?5-1?研UK-China?Co-operation?on?Climate?Change?Risk?Assessment?39?.?5-2?6?研Moser?et?al.?2019?41.?2-1?9?.?2-2?9?.?2-3?10?.?2-4?11?.?2-5?14?.?4-1?匮?31.?割?2020?蕾?匮?资?千?郊郊?千?试?纸?1?割?2020?务?务?70%?2?筒?务?32021?4?30?够?UN-Habitat?202

5、1?World?Cities?Day?10?31?Adapting?Cities?for?Climate?Resilience?4?#ClimateAction4Cities?Campaign?5?够?匮?割?割?务?割?割?研?割?WMO.(2021).State of the Global Climate 2020.https:/library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=106181 UN-Habitat.(2011).Global Report on Human Settlements 2011:Cities and Climate Change.ht

6、tps:/unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-2files/Cities%20and%20Climate%20Change%20Global%20Report%20on%20Human%20Settlements%202011.pdf IPCC.(2014).Urban Areas.In:Climate Change 2014:Impacts,Adaptation,and Vulnerability.https:/www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-3Chap8_FIN

7、AL.pdf UN-Habitat.(2021).UN-Habitat announces climate crisis themes for World Habitat Day and World Cities Day 2021.https:/unhabitat.org/un-habitat-4announces-climate-crisis-themes-for-world-habitat-day-and-world-cities-day-2021 UN-Habitat.(2021).#CLIMATEACTION4CITIES CAMPAIGN.https:/cpi.unhabitat.o

8、rg/document/climateaction4cities-campaign51?IPCC?务?务?的?割?务?蕾?割?1.5?纸?割?务?割?洲?筒?去?纸?岁?21.?1.1?空?80%?6?研?研?1960?10.19?33.2%?2019?42?55.7%?7?2018?2050?68%?1-1?30?25?务90%?8?千?务?千?1-1?1950-2050?9务?2021?5?剧蕾?研?2020?11?1?务?9?63.89%?蕾?1011 The World Bank.(2020).Urban Development.https:/www.worldbank.org/en/

9、topic/urbandevelopment/overview6 The World Bank.(2018).Urban population.https:/data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL7 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics.(2018).The 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects.https:/8population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-

10、Report.pdf 绿色和平根据UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics.The 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects数据绘制。9 此处及以下中国人口数据指中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人人口。10 国家统计局.(2021).第七次全国人口普查主要数据情况.http:/ 中国政府网.(2021).中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要.http:/ 绿色和平根据国家统计局全国人口普查公报数据绘制14 郑鑫.(

11、2014).城镇化对中国经济增长的贡献及其实现途径.中国农村经济,6(4).15 汤伟.(2015).非传统安全的“城市化”.社会科学,4.164?匮?2018?2050?2000?3.1?3.7?6.8?8.7?17?务?割?务?岁?岁?60?务?匮?务?18?2020?1961-2019?务?匮?匮?20?90?去务?匮?蕾?19?,?匮?匮?20 21?,?务?匮?蕾?50%?,?22 2324 25?务?割?割?告?26?27 联合国.(2018).2018年可持续发展目标报告.https:/unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/TheSustai

12、nableDevelopmentGoalsReport2018-ZN.pdf17 秦大河,张建云,闪淳昌,宋连春.(2015).中国极端天气气候事件和灾害风险管理与适应国家评估报告.科学出版社18 中国气象局气候变化中心.(2020).中国气候变化蓝皮书(2020).科学出版社19 Murphy,D.J.,Hall,M.H.,Hall,C.A.,Heisler,G.M.,Stehman,S.V.,&AnselmiMolina,C.(2011).The relationship between land cover and the urban 20heat island in northeast

13、ern Puerto Rico.International Journal of Climatology,31(8),1222-1239.Authority,G.L.(2010).The draft climate change adaptation strategy for london:Public consultation draft.In The draft climate change adaptation 21strategy for London:Public consultation draft.Greater London Authority.Xia,J.,Tu,K.,Yan

14、,Z.,&Qi,Y.(2016).The superheat wave in eastern China during JulyAugust 2013:a perspective of climate change.International 22Journal of Climatology,36(3),1291-1298.Zhao,P.,Jones,P.,Cao,L.,Yan,Z.,Zha,S.,Zhu,Y.,.&Tang,G.(2014).Trend of surface air temperature in eastern china and associated large-scale

15、 23climate variability over the last 100 years.Journal of Climate,27(12),4693-4703.张雷,任国玉,刘江,周雅清,任玉玉,张爱英,&冯亚文.(2011).城市化对北京气象站极端气温指数趋势变化的影响.地球物理学报,54(5),1150-1159.24 Ren,Y.,Ren,G.,Allan,R.,&Zhang,S.(2021).Extreme temperature of the mid-eighteenth century as compared to todays in Beijing.Climatic Cha

16、nge,25165(3),1-19.Lin,C.Y.,Chen,W.C.,Liu,S.C.,Liou,Y.A.,Liu,G.R.,&Lin,T.H.(2008).Numerical study of the impact of urbanization on the precipitation over 26Taiwan.Atmospheric Environment,42(13),2934-2947.王萃萃,&翟盘茂.(2009).中国大城市极端强降水事件变化的初步分析.气候与环境研究,14(5),553-560.275?务?务?务?务?务?务?够?务?2829?务?务?去?务?务?纸务?1

17、-3?务?够?1961-2010?史培军,孙劭,汪明,李宁,王静爱,金赟赟,.&尹卫霞.(2014).中国气候变化区划(1961 2010 年).中国科学:地球科学,44(10),2294-2306.28吴绍洪,潘韬,刘燕华,邓浩宇,焦珂伟,陆晴,.&高江波.(2017).中国综合气候变化风险区划.地理学报,72(1),3-17.296?纸?告?确?够?割?匹?割?的?割?研?确?映?务?务?90?去?的?务?割?10?的?务?筒?割?割?割?30?务?务?2017?筒?28?31?28?岁撑?纸?够?纸?刘秉镰,朱俊丰.(2019).新中国70年城镇化发展：历程、问题与展望.经济与管理研究,

18、40(11),3-14.30 中国政府网.(2017).我国启动气候适应型城市建设28个城市试点.http:/ for policymakers.In:Climate change 2014:impacts,adaptation,and vulnerability.3282.1?研?务?2020?务?够?3334?2-1?35C?3?35C?研?匮?研?纸?2-2?!?!?!?35?蕾蕾?3?35?蕾?中国气象局气候变化中心.(2020).中国气候变化蓝皮书（2020).科学出版社.33 史培军,孙劭,汪明,李宁,王静爱,金赟赟,.&尹卫霞.(2014).中国气候变化区划(1961 2010

19、年).中国科学:地球科学,44(10),2294-2306.349?24?50mm?1?导?够?2-3?研?1961-2019?2.2?纸?割?研?2000-2017?研?35?割?36?24?50mm?蕾蕾?1?蕾 所有指标及指标数据来源请见附录详细说明35 IPCC.(2012).Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.A special report of working groups I and II of 36the intergovernmenta

20、l panel on climate change.Cambridge University Press.10?2-4?务?,?2016?,?2020?导?务?,?2020?Xia?et.al.,?2017?务?IPCC,?2014?/?去?,?2020?Cai?et?al.,?2021?,?202165?导?割?,?2021?,?2020?Cai?et.al.,?202114?撑?,?2020?Cai?et.al.,?2021?导?去?撑?,?2020?,?2021?Zhao?et?al.,?2021?导?去?撑?,?2020?,?2021?Zhao?et?al.,?2021割?割?割?,?

21、2020?Sohn?et?al.,?2020112.3?IPCC?蕾?F=?WH?+WE?+WV?F?01?1?0?WH?WE?WV?2-2?覆?割?:?rij=Vij minimaxi mini12?务?V?j?i?i?j?i?.?够?够?蕾?务?蕾?够?务?务?j?i?.?i?务?0?1?2.4?匹?匹?37?割?匹?匹?rijmaximinirijrij0,1Hi=1lnlnnnj=1fijlnlnfijfij=rijnj=1rijfij=0fijlnlnfij=0rijrij0,1wi=1 Him mi=1Hiwimi=1wi=1 陈伟,修春亮.(2021).新时期城市群理论内涵的再认

22、知.地理科学进展,40(5),?务?务?够?匹?割模?务?够?9?8?8?够?割?务?够?/?割?够?告?的?2-5?38?2020?2020?#$%&()*&+(,-+%$&($)+&.#,-68.61%?($.(&$%)%&%,-(/*$&+)(/&#,-70.85%?(%#&(.)+&$,-#*%#&/)#&#,-74.15%01/*.&.$)$&/,-441867.35)/$&/,-71.21%绿色和平根据国家统计局2020年第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报、2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报数据整理38143.?3.1?3.1.1?1960-2019?1960-

23、2019?20?90?去务?1961-2019?11.7C?0.32C/10?18.0C?0.23C/10?2019?19.4C?3-1?1590?60?35C?9.5?/?20?60-70?去?12.1?20?70?去?90?去务?7.0?20?90?去?3-2?35C?去?60?50蕾?20?蕾?2000?6蕾?1997?8?蕾?1999?6.3?2002?6?2018?5?3-3?蕾?163.1.2?2000-2017?2000-2017?3?够?蕾够?5?蕾?务?务?3-4?3.2?3.2.1?1960-2019?1960-2019?21?蕾?蕾?告?17?1961-2019?16.0

24、C?0.28C/10?1990?20.7C?0.25C/10?2007?22C?0.21C/10?39.5C?2013?蕾?2017?39.4C?2003?39.2C?1966?39.0C?1988?38.6C?3-5?1821?60?35C?15.3?/?1.3?/10?20?60-70?去?16.9?/?20?70?去?90?去务?10.6?/?20?90?去?18.2?/?35C?2013?36.4?1967?31.5?1971?27.0?2017?26.7?2003?25.7?3-6?35C?去?60?429蕾?2001?177?41%?蕾?2011?14蕾?蕾?1981?2017?1

25、3蕾?0.2?/10?2012?9?蕾?2001?7.7?1994?7?1966?6.5?1971?6.25?0.4C/10?2013?41.6C?蕾?2017?41.3C?2003?2016?40.3C?1978?39.9C?19?3-7?蕾?(a)?(b,?)?1961-2019?1225.6mm?34.6mm/10?蕾?20?60?去?-?20?70-80?去?-?20?90?去务?-21?-?21?2016?1666.9mm?59?219?0.2?/10?6.3?2016?蕾?1991?5.9?1999?1983?5.3?1989?4.9?20?3-8?去?59?176蕾?蕾?蕾?19

26、73?2015?7蕾?1988?1999?2013?6蕾?0.6mm/10?2008?154.2mm?1962?153.5mm?1963?145.8mm?1996?116.4mm?1997?112.9mm?3-9?蕾?213.2.2?2000-2017?2000-2017?2000?2010?蕾?蕾?3-10?3-11?(a)?(b)?22?2000-2017?够?蕾?务?换?的?蕾?务?3-12?(a)?(b)?2000-2017?2009?3-13?233.3?3.3.1?1960-2019?1961?-2019?蕾?21?蕾?告?20?90?去?蕾?1961-2019?21.8C?0.1

27、9C/10?1990?26.3C?0.19C/10?2019?27.5C?0.17C/10?38.4C?2005?蕾?2004?38.1C?2003?38.1C?1990?37.8C?2017?37.8C?3-14?24?60?35C?16.5?/?0.3?/10?1998?23.7?/?35C?2014?31.5?2019?29.4?2016?28.0?2003?27.8?2009?27.6?38C?0.37?/?21?38C?2003?2.3?2004?1.5?2005?1.4?2008?1.2?3-15?35?38?25?去?60?98蕾?蕾?20?80?去?1998?73蕾?蕾?74%

28、?蕾?2016?6蕾?1997?8?蕾?2007?7.3?2005?6?2003?5.7?3-16?蕾?1961-2019?1774.1mm?23.2mm/10?20?60?去?80?去?20?70?去?90?去?1973?2278.7mm?60?434?0.2?/10?10.3?2001?蕾?2008?2013?10?2016?9.9?1973?9.7?2006?9.6?蕾?21?26?3-17?去?60?403蕾?0.44蕾/10?20?90?去?蕾?蕾?5?1993?2001?13?1975?2019?12蕾?2016?11蕾?0.97mm/10?去?1961-1979?84.2mm?1

29、980-1999?86.0mm?2000-2019?87.6mm?5?1989?146.3mm?1961?126.1mm?1964?125.9mm?1999?121.4mm?3-18?蕾?273.3.2?2000-2017?2000-2017?2000?2014?胁?胁?3-19?3-20?(a)?(b)?28?2000-2017?够?蕾?务?的?3-21?(a)?(b)?2000-2010?告?割?2010?务?3-22?293.4?1961-2019?20?90?60?蕾?2000?务?0.32?/10?1.3?/10?蕾?告?去?蕾?60?1961-2019?蕾?21?2001?60?蕾

30、?41%?1998?蕾?蕾?74%?务?匮?告?告?胁?304.?4.1?研?务?ICTP?The?Abdus?Salam?International?Center?for?Theoretical?Physics?RegCM4?CMIP5务4?务?务?EC-EARTH?资?千?CSIRO-Mk3-6-0?MPI-ESM-MR?务?HadGEM2-ES?RCP4.5?25?km?CORDEX-EA?-?千?21?39?研?匮?务6?匮?3?匮?3?匮?粒?4-1?4-1?匮?TXx?C?TNn?C?SU?25C?d?粒?CDD?d?R20mm?20mm/d?d?R95p?95%?mm RCP是一

31、系列综合的全球温室气体排放情景，用作21世纪人类活动影响下气候变化预测模型的输入参数，以描述未来人口、社会经济、科学技术、能源消39耗和土地利用等方面发生变化时，温室气体、反应性气体、气溶胶的排放量，以及大气成分的浓度。RCP4.5是一种政府干预下的中等稳定化情景，代表辐射强迫在2100年后稳定在4.5W/m2左右，与二氧化碳浓度达到650 ppm相似。相对于1850-1900年，在RCP4.5情景下到2100年全球升温多半可能超过2C。IPCC.(2018).气候变化2014 综合报告 决策者摘要.https:/www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/

32、AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM_zh.pdf314.2?21?19862005?2.22.4?4-1a?务?2.5?1.82.1?导?2.02.7?割?5%?务?510%?4-1b?15%?30%?-15%-5%?务?30%?15%?4-1?21?a,?b,?%?21?3?匮?TXx?TNn?TNn?TXx?SU?4-2?TXx?2.6?2.6?TNn?2.9?务?4.1?32?SU?24?28?4-2?21?TXx?a,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?21?3?匮?CDD?R20mm?割?R95p?3?CDD?05?R20mm?割?2?R95p?CDD?导?务?25%?4

33、-3?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?334.3?21?2.02.2?4-4a?务?2.1?1.92.1?导?2.2?21?5%?务?1015%?4-4b?务?10%?20%?10%?20%?4-4?21?a,?b,?%?21?3?匮?TXx?TNn?SU?4-5?TXx?2.3?2.32.9?TXx?割?TXx?2.6?务?3.5?SU?割?2428?28?34?4-5?21?TXx?a,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?21?3?匮?粒?CDD?R20mm?割?R95p?4-6?粒?CDD?04?R20mm?割?2?R95p?10

34、%?务?25%?4-6?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?354.4?21?1.92.0?4-7a?务?2.0?1.82.0?1.92.1?务?告?010%?4-7b?15%?30%?-15%-5%?告?10%?务?4-7?21?a,?b,?%?TXx?TNn?SU?匮?21?TXx?TNn?SU?TXx?2.12.7?TNn?1.52.1?TXx?SU?20?40?4-8?36?4-8?21?TXx?a,?TNn?b,?SU?c,?1986-2005?CDD?R20mm?R95p?匮?21?粒?CDD?R20mm?R95p?4-9?CDD?13?割

35、?4?R20mm?CDD?3?R95p?CDD?R20mm?割?25%?-10%?4-9?21?CDD?a,?R20mm?b,?R95p?c,?%?1986-2005?374.5?RCP4.5?务?2.2-2.4?蕾?2.0-2.2?1.9-2.0?2.6?20?40?21?95%?10%-25%?385.?5.1?务?务?蕾?务-?割?洲?割?40?5-1?研UK-China?Co-operation?on?Climate?Change?Risk?Assessment?41?撑?割?务?割?匹?务?撑?、41 Committee on Climate Change and China Exp

36、ert Panel on Climate Change.(2018.10).UK-China Co-operation on Climate Change Risk 40Assessment:Developing Indicators of Climate Risk.392020?匮?2020?5?纸?Global?Heat?Health?Information?Network?纸?42?割?务?务?43IPCC?1.5?务?撑?匹?割?445.2?割?匹?45?务?务?务?纸务?割?务?割?务?务?胁?割?务?纸?WMO.(2020).Global partnership urges str

37、onger preparation for hot weather during COVID-19.https:/public.wmo.int/en/media/news/global-42partnership-urges-stronger-preparation-hot-weather-during-covid-19 Cai,W.,Zhang,C.,Suen,H.P.,Ai,S.,Bai,Y.,Bao,J.,.&Gong,P.(2021).The 2020 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate 43change

38、.The Lancet Public Health,6(1),e64-e81.Bazaz,A.,Bertoldi,P.,Buckeridge,M.,Cartwright,A.,de Coninck,H.,Engelbrecht,F.,Jacob,D.,Hourcade,J-C.,Klaus,I.,de Kleijne,K.,Lwasa,S.,44Markgraf,C.,Newman,P.,Revi,A.,Rogelj,J.,Schultz,S.,Shindell,D.,Singh,C.,Solecki,W.,.Waisman,H.(2018).Summary for urban policym

39、akers:What the IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5C means for cities.IHHS Indian Institute for Human Settlements,Bengaluru.India.https:/doi.org/10.24943/SCPM.2018 Committee on Climate Change and China Expert Panel on Climate Change.(2018.10).UK-China Co-operation on Climate Change Risk Asse

40、ssment:45Developing Indicators of Climate Risk.405.3?2019?46?Physical?Shock?割?割?匹?割?47?Transformation?Science?48 49?纸?割?蕾?筒?5-2?6?研Moser?et?al.?2019?50 王珏,刘君言,&袁媛.(2021.1).当“紧急”成为新常态新冠疫情给气候风险的警示和启示.世界环境.46 Mckinsey.(2020).Addressing climate change in a post-pandemic world.https:/ Shi,L.,&Moser,S.(20

41、21).Transformative climate adaptation in the United States:Trends and prospects.Science.48 Chu,E.,Brown,A.,Michael,K.,Du,J.,Lwasa,S.,&Mahendra,A.(2019).Unlocking the potential for transformative climate adaptation in cities.49Background Paper prepared for the Global Commission on Adaptation,World Re

42、sources Institute,Washington,DC and Rotterdam.Moser,S.C.,Aldunce,P.,Rudnick,A.,Rojas,M.&Muoz,L.(2019).Transformation from Science to decision-making.Policy Brief to COP25.https:/50t2sresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Moser-S.-et-al-2019-Policy-brief-Transformation.pdf41?务?务?筒?1?研?匹?务?研?研?割?研?研

43、?研?研?纸?2?2013?务?蕾?51?割?务?2035?筒?3?模?割?割?纸?匹?匮?务?中国政府网.(2013).关于印发国家适应气候变化战略的通知.http:/ 5142?模?纸?4?割?纸?silo?福?割?纸?覆?务?纸?43?研?研?研?1961-2019?35?38?3?35?蕾?蕾?24?50mm?1?蕾蕾?/?研?2001-2018?2008-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?2001-2018?务?研?研?/?务?2001-2018?务?2015-2017?/?/?65?%1

44、4?%?GDP/?/?GDP?割?%Finer?resolution?observation?and?monitoring?-?Global?Land?Cover?Gong?P,?Li?X?C,?Zhang?W.?40-Year(1978-2017)?human?settlement?changes?in?China?re?ected?by?impervious?surfaces?from?satellite?remote?sensing.?Science?Bulletin,?2019,?64,?https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.024?44?Auth

45、ority,G.L.(2010).The draft climate change adaptation strategy for london:Public consultation draft.In The draft climate change adaptation strategy for London:Public consultation draft.Greater London Authority.Bazaz,A.,Bertoldi,P.,Buckeridge,M.,Cartwright,A.,de Coninck,H.,Engelbrecht,F.,Jacob,D.,Hour

46、cade,J-C.,Klaus,I.,de Kleijne,K.,Lwasa,S.,Markgraf,C.,Newman,P.,Revi,A.,Rogelj,J.,Schultz,S.,Shindell,D.,Singh,C.,Solecki,W.,.Waisman,H.(2018).Summary for urban policymakers:What the IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5C means for cities.IHHS Indian Institute for Human Settlements.https:/doi

47、.org/10.24943/SCPM.2018 Cai,W.,Zhang,C.,Suen,H.P.,Ai,S.,Bai,Y.,Bao,J.,.&Gong,P.(2021).The 2020 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change.The Lancet Public Health,6(1),e64-e81.Cengiz,C.,Cengiz,B.,&Boz,A.(2018).Urban Green Space Design-Climate Relationship:Bartin Case.Chu,E.,Br

48、own,A.,Michael,K.,Du,J.,Lwasa,S.,&Mahendra,A.(2019).Unlocking the potential for transformative climate adaptation in cities.Background Paper prepared for the Global Commission on Adaptation,World Resources Institute,Washington,DC and Rotterdam.Committee on Climate Change and China Expert Panel on Cl

49、imate Change.(2018.10).UK-China Co-operation on Climate Change Risk Assessment:Developing Indicators of Climate Risk.Hui-Min,L.,Xue-Chun,W.,Xiao-Fan,Z.,&Ye,Q.I.(2021).Understanding systemic risk induced by climate change.Advances in Climate Change Research.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.05.006.

50、IPCC.(2012).Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.A special report of working groups I and II of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.Cambridge University Press.IPCC.(2014).Urban Areas.In:Climate Change 2014:Impacts,Adaptation,and Vulnerabil

51、ity.https:/www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap8_FINAL.pdf IPCC.(2014).Summary for policymakers.In:Climate change 2014:impacts,adaptation,and vulnerability.https:/www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar5_wgII_spm_en.pdf Lin,C.Y.,Chen,W.C.,Liu,S.C.,Liou,Y.A.,Liu,G.R.,&Lin,T.H.(2008

52、).Numerical study of the impact of urbanization on the precipitation over Taiwan.Atmospheric Environment,42(13),2934-2947.Mckinsey.(2020).Addressing climate change in a post-pandemic world.https:/ Moser,S.C.,Aldunce,P.,Rudnick,A.,Rojas,M.&Muoz,L.(2019).Transformation from Science to decision-making.

53、Policy Brief to COP25.https:/t2sresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Moser-S.-et-al-2019-Policy-brief-Transformation.pdf Murphy,D.J.,Hall,M.H.,Hall,C.A.,Heisler,G.M.,Stehman,S.V.,&AnselmiMolina,C.(2011).The relationship between land cover and the urban heat island in northeastern Puerto Rico.Inte

54、rnational Journal of Climatology,31(8),1222-1239.Ren,Y.,Ren,G.,Allan,R.,&Zhang,S.(2021).Extreme temperature of the mid-eighteenth century as compared to todays in Beijing.Climatic Change,165(3),1-19.Shi,L.,&Moser,S.(2021).Transformative climate adaptation in the United States:Trends and prospects.Sc

55、ience.Sohn,W.,Kim,J.H.,Li,M.H.,Brown,R.D.,&Jaber,F.H.(2020).How does increasing impervious surfaces affect urban flooding in response to climate variability?.Ecological Indicators,118,106774.Tauhid,F.A.(2018).Urban green infrastructure for climate resilience:A Review.Nature:National Academic Journal

56、 of Architecture,5(1),58-65.The World Bank.(2018).Urban population.https:/data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL The World Bank.(2020).Urban Development.https:/www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics.(2018).The 2018 Revi

57、sion of World Urbanization Prospects.https:/population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf UN-Habitat.(2011).Global Report on Human Settlements 2011:Cities and Climate Change.https:/unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/Cities%20and%20Climate%20Change%20Global%20Repor

58、t%20on%20Human%20Settlements%202011.pdf 45UN-Habitat.(2021).#CLIMATEACTION4CITIES CAMPAIGN.https:/cpi.unhabitat.org/document/climateaction4cities-campaign UN-Habitat.(2021).UN-Habitat announces climate crisis themes for World Habitat Day and World Cities Day 2021.https:/unhabitat.org/un-habitat-anno

59、unces-climate-crisis-themes-for-world-habitat-day-and-world-cities-day-2021 WMO.(2020).Global partnership urges stronger preparation for hot weather during COVID-19.https:/public.wmo.int/en/media/news/global-partnership-urges-stronger-preparation-hot-weather-during-covid-19 WMO.(2021).State of the G

60、lobal Climate 2020.https:/library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10618 Xia,Y.,Li,Y.,Guan,D.,Tinoco,D.M.,Xia,J.,Yan,Z.,.&Huo,H.(2018).Assessment of the economic impacts of heat waves:a case study of Nanjing,China.Journal of Cleaner Production,171,811-819.Xia,J.,Tu,K.,Yan,Z.,&Qi,Y.(2016).The superheat

61、 wave in eastern China during JulyAugust 2013:a perspective of climate change.International Journal of Climatology,36(3),1291-1298.Zhao,P.,Jones,P.,Cao,L.,Yan,Z.,Zha,S.,Zhu,Y.,.&Tang,G.(2014).Trend of surface air temperature in eastern china and associated large-scale climate variability over the la

62、st 100 years.Journal of Climate,27(12),4693-4703.国家统计局.(2021).第七次全国人口普查主要数据情况.http:/ 黄晓军,王博,刘萌萌,郭禹慧,&李艳雨.(2020).中国城市高温特征及社会脆弱性评价.地理研究,39(7),1534-1547.李柔珂,韩振宇,徐影,石英,&吴佳.(2020).高分辨率区域气候变化降尺度数据对京津冀地区高温 GDP 和人口暴露度的集合预估.气候变化研究进展,16(4),491.联合国.(2018).2018年可持续发展目标报告.https:/unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/

63、2018/TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsReport2018-ZN.pdf 刘秉镰,朱俊丰.(2019).新中国70年城镇化发展：历程、问题与展望.经济与管理研究,40(11),3-14.秦大河,张建云,闪淳昌,宋连春.(2015).中国极端天气气候事件和灾害风险管理与适应国家评估报告:科学出版社 史培军,孙劭,汪明,李宁,王静爱,金赟赟,.&尹卫霞.(2014).中国气候变化区划(1961 2010 年).中国科学:地球科学,44(10),2294-2306.汤伟.(2015).非传统安全的“城市化”.社会科学,4.王萃萃,&翟盘茂.(2009).中国大城市极端

64、强降水事件变化的初步分析.气候与环境研究,14(5),553-560.王珏,刘君言,&袁媛.(2021.1).当“紧急”成为新常态新冠疫情给气候风险的警示和启示.世界环境.吴绍洪,潘韬,刘燕华,邓浩宇,焦珂伟,陆晴,.&高江波.(2017).中国综合气候变化风险区划.地理学报,72(1),3-17.徐宗学,陈浩,任梅芳,&程涛.(2020).中国城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究进展.水科学进展,31(5),713-724.杨秀,付琳,&张东雨.(2020).适应气候变化评价指标体系构建与应用.阅江学刊,12(2),83-98.张蕾,黄大鹏,&杨冰韵.(2016).RCP4.5 情景下中国人口对高

65、温暴露度预估研究.地理研究,12.张雷,任国玉,刘江,周雅清,任玉玉,张爱英,&冯亚文.(2011).城市化对北京气象站极端气温指数趋势变化的影响.地球物理学报,54(5),1150-1159.郑鑫.(2014).城镇化对中国经济增长的贡献及其实现途径.中国农村经济,6(4).中国气象局气候变化中心.(2020).中国气候变化蓝皮书（2020).科学出版社.中国政府网.(2013).关于印发国家适应气候变化战略的通知.http:/ 中国政府网.(2017).我国启动气候适应型城市建设28个城市试点.http:/ 中国政府网.(2021).中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要.http:/ 46