1、THE JOURNEY FROM MONOPILES TO JACKETS从单桩基础到导管架基础的演变RAMBOLLS VIEW ON CHINESE OFFSHORE WINDRAMBOLL对中国海上风电的看法Santiago Paredes-Pinz nHead of DepartmentOffshore WindCopenhagenTOPICS 议题01About Ramboll Ramboll公司介绍04The Journey演变03Why Jackets 为什么采用导管架基础02Why Monopiles 为什么采用单桩基础05Final Remarks最终结论ABOUT RAMBO

2、LLRAMBOLL公司介绍RAMBOLL IN BRIEF RAMBOLL简介介Independent engineering and design consultancy and provider of management consultancy 独立的工程设计和管理咨询提供商Founded 1945 in Denmark 1945年在丹麦成立15,000 experts 15,000名专家型员工Close to 300 offices in 35 countries 35个国家设置有近300个办公室Particularly strong presence in the Nordics,t

3、he UK,North America,Continental Europe,Middle East and Asia Pacific 在北欧、英国、北美、欧洲大陆、中东和亚太地区尤其强大EUR 1.5 billion revenue 年营业额15亿欧元Owned by The Ramboll Foundation Ramboll基金持有Germany:14 officesSwitzerland:1 officeCanada:2 officesUAE:2 officesIndia:10 officesDenmark:13 officesNorway:17 officesSweden:30 of

4、ficesUK:16 officesUS:77 officesQatar:1 officeSaudi Arabia:1 officeSpain:2 officesFrance:4 officesFinland:28 officesGEOGRAPHICAL FOOTPRINT 全球办公室分布图Brazil:3 officesRussia:1 officePoland:3 officesNL:2 officesBelgium:3 officesItaly:2 officesRomania:1 officeSingapore:2 officesSouth Africa:1 officeAustral

5、ia:3 officesMyanmar1 officeChina:3 officesGreenland:2 officesIndonesia:1 officeMalaysia:1 officeMexico:2 officesMozambique:1 officeCyprus:1 officeNew Zealand:1 officeRAMBOLL OFFSHORE WIND RAMBOLL海上风电Completed more than 60 detailed design projects 完成超过60个项目的详细设计2884 monopiles 2884个单桩基础405 jackets 405

6、个导管架基础13.9 GW3289 individual positions designed 3289个不同的设计机位China 中国3 Detailed Design projects completed 已完成3个项目的详细设计2 ongoing 2个项目在进行中项目开发风场选址环境服务电气设计结构/土建设计资产管理尽职调查风电场全过程咨询服务WHY MONOPILES为什么采用单桩基础WHY ARE MONOPILES SO POPULAR?为什么单桩基础如此受欢迎？Efficient transfer of forces from the turbine to the ground

7、将风机载荷有效的传递到海床 Simple geometry manufacturing in serial production 结构简单 便于批量加工制造 Serial installation with specialized installation vessels 专用安装船机设备批量化安装 Low RMB/ton 每吨单价低 Preferred solution on low-medium water depths 中低水深的首选解决方案WHY JACKETS为什么采用导管架基础WHY USE JACKETS?为什么采用导管架基础？Larger wind turbines(8-15M

8、W)大型风电机组（8-15MW)Deeper waters 水深更深 Ideal structure before going to floating 漂浮基础之前的理想结构THE JOURNEY演变MAIN ASPECTS 主要方面 Patents applicable in China.Consult your patent lawyer if you are in doubt.Longer time to acquire environmental data Geophysical surveys must be carried out More detailed geotechnica

9、l data will be needed.API vs.CPT methods Jacket architecture is complex:How to cluster?3 vs.4 legs Pre-piling vs.post piling vs.leg piling TP geometry needs skilled welders 适用于中国的专利。如果您有任何疑问，请咨询您的专利律师。获取环境数据的时间更长 必须进行地球物理勘测 需要更详细的地勘数据。API vs.CPT 方法 导管架基础结构复杂:如何分组？3桩 vs.4桩 先打桩vs.后打桩vs.插入导管架桩腿打桩 过渡段结构

10、需要熟练的焊工MAIN ASPECTS 主要方面 Design has a higher impact on fabrication costs than with monopiles.Advanced methods are needed RMB/ton vs.Optimization for fabrication and installation Installed cost is king Fabrication takes longer and has to be considered in the schedule.Large halls are required for asse

11、mbling and coating(jacket footprint 35m)Transport&Installation Efficient grouting of pile-jacket connection is critical for project success 导管架设计比单桩设计对加工制造成本的影响更大。需要先进的方法 每吨造价vs.加工制造和安装的优化 安装成本为王 制作需要更长的时间，并且必须在时间表中加以考虑。组装和喷涂需要更大的场地(导管架占地面积 35m)运输&安装 桩-导管架连接区域的高效灌浆对项目的成功至关重要CPT METHOD INPUT PARAMETE

12、RS CPT方法输入参数SAND 砂CLAY粘土Optimal and safe design will require new methods.API methods may not be the best solution.最佳和安全的设计需要新的方法。API方法可能不是最佳解决方案。CPT桩端阻力EXAMPLE OF COMPARISON OF PILE CAPACITY IN ICP AND NGI METHOD ICP与NGI方法中桩基承载力比较实例LocationAPIICPNGIA23 m35 m30 mB21 m 33 m(28 m)29 mC23 m42 m32 mD32 m

13、59 m47 m(58m)E23 m41 m33 mPILE PENETRATIONS 桩入土深度Which method should be selected?应该选择哪个方法？NOT EVIDENT.DESIGNER TO ASSESS ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS不明显。设计人员根据具体情况进行评估CLUSTERING 分组Pile Stickup Variation 泥面上桩长是变化的Varying pile stickup 变化的泥面以上桩长Constant hub height/interface elevation 固定的轮毂高度/交界面高程Individual

14、 jacket geometry required per cluster 不同的导管架几何形状需要不同的分组Cluster 2Cluster 1CLUSTERING 分组Hub Height Variation 轮毂高度变化Varying hub height/interface elevation 变化的轮毂高度/交界面高程Constant pile stickup 固定的泥面以上桩长Individual jacket geometry required per cluster不同的导管架几何形状需要不同的分组Cluster 2Cluster 1LOAD CALCULATION PROCE

15、SS 载荷计算过程More than one load iteration with WTG supplier will be needed when using jackets.使用导管架基础时需要与风机厂家进行多次载荷迭代。Foundation designer must be able to run preliminary iterations using Generic Wind Turbine Models 基础设计者必须能够使用通用风机模型进行初步载荷迭代。Integrated simulations to capture dynamics 一体化模拟以捕捉系统动态性能 Local

16、 RNA-brace couplings 局部RNA-杆件 耦合 Highly detailed structural models 高度详细的结构模型 Non-linear Pile-soil interaction 非线性的桩-土相互作用 Joint flexibilities/superelements 柔性联结/超单元 Secondary structures 附属结构 Significant increase in model size 明显增加模型尺寸 50 Degrees of Freedom(DOF)1000 DOF 50自由度1000自由度 Increase in simul

17、ation time 增加模拟时间 NL Aero-elastic simulations 非线性气弹模拟 10000+DLCs,e.g.DNVGL-ST-126,IEC-61400-3(2009)超过10000工况 Split of responsibilities 职责分配CHALLENGES FOR JACKETS 导管架基础的挑战 Superelements allow non-trivial structural components to be included in the computer model 超单元允许复杂的结构组件包含在计算机模型中 Transition piece

18、 过渡段 Suction buckets 负压筒 Nodes/tubular joints with unusual stiffness(kinks/cast joints)具有不寻常刚度的节点/管节点（扭结/铸造接头）Stiffness and mass matrices correct for vibration,ultimate&fatigue calculations 刚度和质量矩阵-校正振动、极限和疲劳计算 Structural model readily available from FE-models for Influence Matrices 结构模型可以从影响矩阵的有限元模

19、型中获得SUPERELEMENTS 超单元 Influence matrices describe the relation between cross sectional forces(overall computer model)and stresses in welds(local model e.g.ANSYS)影响矩阵描述了截面载荷（整体计算机模型）与焊缝应力之间的关系（局部模型，例如ANSYS）Influence matrices are needed to achieve a safe and cost-effective design.需要影响矩阵实现安全且具有成本效益的设计。

20、For each point in the influence matrix the time history of stresses is processed to calculate fatigue life 对于影响矩阵中的每个点进行应力时程处理，以计算疲劳寿命。INFLUENCE MATRICES 影响矩阵FINAL REMARKS 最后结论The transition from monopiles to jackets is expected soon.Some projects in China have used jackets but maybe monopiles were

21、the best solution.预计很快就会从单桩基础过渡到导管架基础。中国的一些项目已使用导管架基础，但也许单桩是这些项目最好的解决方案。Detailed environmental parameters are key to a safe and cost effective design.详细的环境参数是安全和低成本设计的关键。Development of projects will take longer but will result in a safer and more cost-effective design.项目开发需要更长时间-但会带来更安全，成本更低的设计。Desi

22、gn methodologies used for jackets must be the state of the art for offshore wind.Oil and gas experience is not enough.导管架设计方法必须采用海上风电设计的最先进技术。石油和天然气经验是不够的。Involvement of fabricators is paramount to ensure a cost-effective design.制造商的参与对于确保低成本的设计至关重要。All eyes are on China now.We can make this industry a worldwide success if we work together.现在所有的目光都集中在中国。如果我们合作，我们可以使这个行业取得全球范围内的成功。THANK YOU谢谢