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1、 BANANA Market Review Preliminary results 2022 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,2022 BANANA Market Review Preliminary results 2022 Required citation:FAO.2022.Banana Market Review Preliminary results 2022.Rome.The designations employed and the presentation of material in t
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12、AO/TANG CHHIN Sothy iii CONTENTS Contents.iii Note on methodology.iv Foreword.v Developments at a glance.vi Preliminary results on developments in global banana trade 2022.1 Exports.2 Imports.6 Statistical annex.10 Table 1-Banana exports.10 Table 2-Banana imports.11 iv NOTE ON METHODOLOGY This preli
13、minary report describes expected full-year results on developments in global banana trade in 2022.The analysis contained herein is based on provisional full-year estimates that were compiled and constructed from the following sources:country responses to the 2022 questionnaire of the FAO Intergovern
14、mental Subgroup on Bananas;data from the UN Comtrade database and Trade Data Monitor Inc.;and secondary data and information from desk research.The findings incorporate preliminary monthly trade data as well as information from industry sources as available up to the end of October 2022.Due to the c
15、ustomary lag in the reporting of monthly trade data of approximately 40 days,full-year estimates in this report were built on monthly export data by country as reported up to July/August 2022,and on monthly import data as reported up to August/September 2022.FAO is continuously monitoring global tra
16、de flows of bananas and will update these results in the second quarter of 2023 when official full year data have been released and validated.All datasets refer to global trade of fresh bananas,excluding plantains,as covered by HS code 080390 under the harmonized tariff nomenclature system of the Wo
17、rld Customs Organization.Data on the import volumes of the European Union exclude the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland since February 2020 All data in this report should be considered as provisional.v FOREWORD The Banana Market Review Preliminary Results are issued on an annual b
18、asis to Members and Observers of the Subgroup on Bananas of the Intergovernmental Group on Bananas and Tropical Fruits,which is a subsidiary body of the Committee on Commodity Problems(CCP).They are prepared by the Team on Responsible Global Value Chains,Markets and Trade Division,Food and Agricultu
19、re Organization of the United Nations(FAO),Rome,and the tables contained bring together the information available to FAO,supplemented by data obtained from other sources in particular with regard to preliminary estimates.The Team on Responsible Global Value Chains provides research and analyses on g
20、lobal value chains for agricultural commodities,and economic data and analyses on tropical fruits.Regular publications include market reviews,outlook appraisals and projections for bananas and tropical fruits.The team also provides assistance to developing countries in designing and implementing nat
21、ional policies regarding responsible value chains in agriculture.The report is available at the following FAO website:https:/www.fao.org/markets-and-trade/commodities/bananas/en vi DEVELOPMENTS AT A GLANCE Global export quantities of bananas continued to display a strong tendency to decline during t
22、he first half of 2022,in stark contrast to the fast-paced growth experienced in pre-pandemic years.Preliminary full-year estimates indicate that first semester conditions persisting global export quantities would fall by some 1.2 million tonnes from their 2021 level,to approximately 19.6 million ton
23、nes in 2022.Amid a difficult global operating environment,obstacles to global banana trade have seemingly been mainly present on the supply side,with demand in importing countries remaining relatively strong.Key factors affecting trade prospects in 2022 have been reported as:Production shortages cau
24、sed by adverse weather conditions and insufficient fertilizer application.Substantially higher costs for inputs as well as high global transportation costs during the first half of the year.The significant appreciation of the United States dollar against the currencies of many banana-exporting and i
25、mporting countries.Concerns surrounding the spread of plant diseases,importantly Banana Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4.More stringent limitations on maximum residue levels in some of the major markets These difficulties have been affecting the ability of producers and exporters to supply bananas in a
26、dequate quantities and to the quality standards expected in export markets in all key regions.In the majority of the leading import markets,and notably in the European Union and the United States of America,prices at all levels have accordingly been displaying a tendency to increase.However,industry
27、 sources reported that producer prices have been remaining stagnant at very low levels,a situation caused by intense competition between banana suppliers,quality concerns experienced in many origins in 2022 as well as by the saturation in global markets during the early months of the Ukraine war.Thi
28、s has been exerting mounting pressure on producer margins and thereby severely limiting the present and future operability and sustainability of the banana industry.1 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 Preliminary results on developments in global banana trade 2022 According to preliminar
29、y data and information,global trade in bananas continues to be negatively affected by several factors on the supply side in 2022,which have induced rising producer costs and consequent supply shortages,against relatively stable demand in key import markets.Industry sources report that the high price
30、s for fertilizers in 2021 and throughout the first half of 2022 have resulted in a reduced application by farmers,hampering the productivity and quality of banana cultivation in key producing areas.Adverse weather conditions,including abnormally cold weather related to the La Nia phenomenon in Ecuad
31、or as well as the passing of yet another severe tropical storm through the Caribbean have further impacted the quantities available for export.Higher reject rates on the grounds of produce not meeting the quality standards expected in export markets have been of mounting concern in all exporting reg
32、ions.More stringent maximum residue levels in key importing markets,notably in the United States of America and the European Union,have been adding further pressure on producers and exporters,as produce not meeting these new requirements cannot be exported.Shortages in refrigerated containers stemmi
33、ng from the prolonged lockdowns implemented in some Asian countries during 2022 alongside high global transportation costs in the first half of the year have been posing additional obstacles to export growth.Severe concerns about the spread of plant diseases,importantly the devastating spread of the
34、 Banana Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4(TR4)disease in the Philippines and its alarming presence in Peru and Columbia,further continue to cause substantial economic strain,both in terms of the additional costs associated with disease prevention and production losses.Moreover,in view of the ongoing pan
35、demic,the persisting necessity to apply elevated sanitary measures and physical distancing to protect workers from COVID-19 has continued to cause additional costs to producers and operators along the supply chain,especially during the first half of 2022.Meanwhile,the war in Ukraine has exacerbated
36、already previously mounting pressures on global energy and fertilizer markets as well as supply chains,with shortages in fertilizers widely reported by the banana industry during the first half of 2022.Critically,the conflict has also resulted in the discontinuation of important trade relations amid
37、 the economic sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation and has caused severe disruptions to transport routes to Ukraine.The repercussions of these developments for global banana markets in the first half of 2022 were immediate and drastic.The Russian Federation ranks as the fourth largest importe
38、r of bananas globally,procuring some 1.4 to 1.5 million tonnes from world markets annually.These quantities translate into some 6 to 7 percent of global banana shipments that were facing considerable obstacles to reach their destination market in March and April 2022.While this situation had particu
39、larly dire consequences for Ecuador,from where some 98 percent of Russian banana imports originate,it reportedly also caused a situation of oversupply and price declines in world export markets.Prior to the war,Ecuador supplied some 20 to 25 percent of its yearly banana exports to the Russian Federa
40、tion,and some 3 percent to Ukraine.Industry sources from Ecuador reported that the sudden loss of both export markets and lack of alternative destinations resulted in large quantities of bananas going to waste during these months,a plummeting of producer prices from USD 6.25 to around USD 1.201.50 p
41、er box,and a dramatic number of bankruptcies among producers,mostly small producers selling through spot markets.Although export flows of bananas from Ecuador to the Russian Federation seemingly recovered at a fast rate during the months of May to July 2022,available monthly trade data show another
42、plummeting in August 2022,leaving the outlook highly uncertain.The difficult operating environment in 2022 has been further complicated by the significant depreciation of currencies against the United States dollar,which has been affecting operations all along the value chain since transactions in t
43、he banana industry,including the purchasing of inputs,are habitually conducted in United States dollars.This has been exerting additional upward pressure on costs to producers,exporters,and importers.Although some prices along the value chain have displayed a tendency to increase in 2022,following y
44、ears of very little fluctuation amid 2 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 a highly competitive global operating environment,this has not been sufficient to compensate for the substantially higher costs.Importantly,prices received by producers and exporters have been exposed to further dow
45、nward pressure stemming from the production difficulties and quality concerns experienced in many origins in 2022 as well as the saturation in global markets during the early months of the Ukraine war,leaving the erosion of profit margins of most critical concern to the sustainability of the banana
46、industry.While producer costs reportedly continue to be some 4050 percent above their pre-pandemic levels,prices at farmgate,export,import,wholesale and retail level have seen comparatively little upward movement,if not negative change.1 For example,export unit values from Ecuador and Colombia,two o
47、f the leading suppliers of bananas to global markets,respectively averaged some 9 percent and 4 percent below their previous years level over the first nine months of 2022.Import prices in the European Union,meanwhile,remained at an average of USD 932 per tonne over the first nine months of 2022,a m
48、ere 0.2 percent higher than over the same period of 2021.Wholesale and retail prices in the United States of America respectively rose by a moderate 5 and 7 percent year-on-year over this period,less than the inflation rate of 8.2 percent recorded in the United States of America in September 2022.As
49、 such bananas have remained among the cheapest fruits on the shelves in key import markets,despite the plethora of simultaneous difficulties and severe cost increases experienced by the sector in 2022.With regard to the outlook,several significant threats to global production,trade and consumption o
50、f bananas are present.The prolonged lockdowns implemented in some Asian countries during 2022 indicate that the threat of supply chain disruptions and economic repercussions stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures continues to be present.The likely recessions that some analysts are p
51、redicting for key global economies and prevailing high inflation rates threaten to hinder demand,especially for consumers in poorer economic strata who need to spend a higher proportion of their income on food.Meanwhile,the effects of global warming are resulting in a higher occurrence of 1 https:/
52、droughts,floods,hurricanes and other natural disasters,which render the production of bananas increasingly difficult,uncertain and costly.The prospects for production are further threatened by an elevated risk of industry contraction caused by business closures,with producers discouraged to continue
53、 their operations by low or even negative producer margins,reducing supplies to world markets and consequently causing higher food prices.Data on developments in world export and import markets over the first eight months of 2022 already point to this direction,with all key regions being affected.Ex
54、ports First semester conditions persisting,preliminary estimates indicate that global exports of bananas,excluding plantain,may experience a decline of 4 percent in 2022,marking another year of disruption to the fast-paced growth experienced in pre-pandemic years.Total export quantities are thereby
55、estimated to fall from 20.5 million tonnes in 2021 to approximately 19.6 million tonnes in 2022.Similar to the situation in 2021,most of the leading global suppliers of bananas with the exception of Guatemala and Colombia will seemingly be affected by negative growth,having in several cases already
56、registered double-digit percentage declines in quantities exported over the first half of the year.The persistently high costs of fertilizers,which had already led to a reduction in use in 2021,were quoted as the key obstacle affecting producers ability to supply bananas in adequate quantities and t
57、o the quality standards expected in export markets in all regions.Adverse weather conditions affecting production and yields additionally continued to be of concern during the first nine months of 2022,while high costs for land transport and long-distance shipping impeded exporters capacity to suppl
58、y international markets.Against this background,shipments from Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC),the worlds leading exporting region,are expected to fall by an estimated 5 percent in 2022,to a total of approximately 15.1 million tonnes some 800 000 tonnes lower than their 2021 level.Ecuador,the l
59、argest exporter of bananas globally,registered an unprecedented 8 3 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 percent decline in shipments in the first seven months of 2022,meaning that over the full year,total exports from the country would drop to approximately 6.2 million tonnes.Industry sour
60、ces reported that colder than normal temperatures in the country affected production by slowing the growth of fruits and affecting their quality grading,in turn raising costs and reducing profit opportunities.Shortages in the availability of critical fertilizers such as urea,which were previously im
61、ported from the Russian Federation and Ukraine,additionally lowered the quality of fruits for export.Further pressure on growers arose from continuously increasing production costs associated with higher prices for inputs and transport,particularly during the first half of the year,as well as from h
62、igher expenditures stemming from the necessity to maintain rigorous TR4 mitigation measures in view of the outbreaks of TR4 in neighbouring Colombia and Peru.The depreciation of the Euro against the United States dollar furthermore resulted in double-digit declines in exports to key European Union i
63、mporters between January and July 2022,with monthly data obtained from the Ecuador Central Bank showing particularly large year-on-year drops of 47 percent and 30 percent 2 https:/ in shipments to Germany and Italy,respectively.According to specialized media,the increasingly frequent placement of il
64、legal substances into banana containers also continued to be of mounting concern for exporters,who were reportedly faced with losses of over USD 12 000 per confiscated container.2 More stringent maximum residue level regulations in some key destination markets such as the European Union and the Unit
65、ed States of America posed further obstacles.Shipments from Costa Rica,the second largest exporter from the region in 2021 and third leading exporter to the European Union(EU-27),reportedly continued to be affected by production shortages in 2022.Already starting in 2021,like most other banana expor
66、ting countries from the region,Costa Rica had faced difficulty arising from the higher costs of inputs and transportation as well as the need to maintain stringent and costly TR4 mitigation measures.According to industry information,these constraints on production resulted in a deterioration in the
67、quality of fruits for export,which hindered the export potential for bananas from Costa Rica,particularly in the first half of 2022.At the time of writing,monthly 15.515.916.415.915.13.55.95.23.93.90.70.70.60.60.705820022Latin America and the CaribbeanAsiaAfricaFigure 1.World b
68、anana exports by region,20182022(preliminary),million tonnes 4 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 export data from the Costa Rica National Institute of Statistics were available up to March 2022,showing a year-on-year decline of 5.4 percent in quantity terms over this period.Data provided
69、 by trade partner countries,as available up to the end of August 2022,meanwhile,indicate that banana exports from Costa Rica continued to decrease over the following months,pointing to a full-year estimated total of approximately 2.1 million tonnes,some 9 percent lower than in the previous year.Mean
70、while,shipments from Guatemala,the third largest exporter from the LAC region in 2021,registered growth of nearly 10 percent over the first eight months of 2022,pointing to a full-year estimated total of 2.5 million tonnes.This would mark a strong recovery from the Hurricane-induced production short
71、ages and subsequent 2-percent fall in exports that had affected banana supplies from Guatemala in 2021 and reflect successful investments in plantation recovery.Preliminary monthly trade data by destination for the period January to August 2022 indicate that a 12-percent year-on-year increase in shi
72、pments to the United States of America,the main destination for bananas from Guatemala,underpinned this development.Despite inflationary pressures,demand for bananas in the United States of America continued to be supported by the fruits relative affordability,thereby enabling a 5-percent year-on-ye
73、ar increase in the average export unit value for shipments from Guatemala to the United States of America over the period January to August 2022.Exports from Colombia,the fourth leading supplier of bananas in the LAC region in 2021,are expected to remain broadly at their previous years level of appr
74、oximately 2.1 million tonnes in 2022.This estimate is based on monthly trade data disseminated by the Colombia National Customs Office for the period January to August 2022,which show year-on-year growth of 1 percent over this period,albeit accompanied by a 2-percent decrease in average export unit
75、values.According to industry information,amid a difficult global operating environment,the country was able to keep export quantities comparatively steady through the implementation of successful disease mitigation strategies pertaining to 3 https:/ 4 https:/ the TR4 outbreak discovered in plantatio
76、ns in 2019 and to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Further investments into the containment of the TR4 outbreak were announced to be forthcoming.3 However,despite the comparatively positive situation for export supplies,industry sources reported severe difficulties stemming from the fact that the
77、 prices received by growers have remained at the same level as five years earlier,forcing growers to absorb the recent hikes in the prices for fertilizers,other inputs and transport.Provisional estimates indicate that shipments from Mexico will fall by approximately 12 percent in 2022,to 450 000 ton
78、nes.While Mexico continues to be a comparatively small exporter in global banana markets,the country emerged as the second leading supplier of organic bananas to the United States of America in recent years,behind Ecuador.On average,some 80 percent of Mexican supplies are destined for the United Sta
79、tes of America,with the remainder primarily going to Japan.In the first half of 2022,production in Mexico was reportedly affected by the La Nia weather phenomenon as well as farm closures,which resulted in a reduction in supplies for export markets and a 5-percent year-on-year increase in the averag
80、e export unit value.4 Exports from Honduras,also a comparatively minor exporter from the region,meanwhile,displayed year-on-year growth of 84 percent in quantity terms over the period January to July 2022,according to monthly trade data provided by the Honduras National Institute of Statistics.Succe
81、ssful investments in production recovery after two back-to-back Hurricanes had destroyed approximately 40 percent of the countrys banana plants in November 2020 were the key reason behind this strong growth.Some 95 percent of bananas from Honduras are destined for the United States of America,where
82、demand for bananas continued to be relatively strong over this period.Over the full year,banana exports from Honduras would thereby be expected to expand by some 60 percent,to reach a total of approximately 340 000 tonnes in 2022.5 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 Available partner data
83、 and information indicate that exports from the Caribbean subregion may fall by an estimated 9 percent over the full year 2022,to some 330 000 tonnes.An apparent reduction in shipments from the Dominican Republic,which accounts on average for some 95 percent of banana supplies from the Caribbean,wou
84、ld be the key reason behind this.While at the time of writing,direct monthly data on trade quantities from the Dominican Republic were not obtainable,banana production in the Dominican Republic was reportedly heavily affected by the substantially higher costs for inputs and transport in 2022,includi
85、ng domestic land transport,which reduced producers ability to remain operational.5 In addition to these difficulties,the Dominican Republic was affected by the passing of Hurricane Fiona in September 2022,with the estimated damage of plantations further reducing growth prospects for shipments from t
86、he country for the remainder of 2022.6 According to provisional data and information,banana exports from Asia may contract by some 2 percent in 2022,to just below 3.9 million tonnes.This would mark the third year of consecutive declines in shipments from the region,following drastic falls on account
87、 of the COVID-19 pandemic related difficulties and the impact of TR4 in 2020 and 2021.The main exporter from the region continues to be the Philippines,which supplies some 60 percent of Asian banana shipments on average but has seen production severely affected by the spread of TR4 in the country as
88、 well as the high costs of inputs and fertilizers.7 Both developments are reportedly having a particularly detrimental effect on small-scale banana producers in the Philippines,who are struggling to procure the necessary agricultural inputs to meet the quality requirements of export markets.Based on
89、 available data and information,banana shipments from the Philippines are estimated to fall by some 6 percent over the full year,to 2.3 million tonnes.Strong import demand from China and from some emerging importers in the Middle East,meanwhile,continued to drive investments in banana 5 https:/ http
90、s:/ https:/.ph/2022/10/23/race-for-survival/8 Data in this market review exclude intra-African trade.plantations in Viet Nam,Cambodia and India,three rising banana exporters from the region.While Viet Nam and Cambodia are expected to continue to register double-digit growth in exports in 2022,shippi
91、ng some 400 000 to 450 000 tonnes each,supplies from India are estimated to reach approximately 350 000 tonnes,accounting for some 3 percent year-on-year growth.Based on first semester developments,exports from Africa8 may register an estimated expansion of 4 percent in quantity terms in 2022,reachi
92、ng some 660 thousand tonnes and thereby returning more closely to their pre-pandemic levels.An expected 15 percent growth in supplies from Cameroon,to some 220 000 tonnes,would be the main reason behind this.Available partner data from the European Commissions EuroStat show an increase in imports fr
93、om Belgium,the largest recipient of bananas from Cameroon,by 8 percent over the first seven months of 2022,to some 80 000 tonnes.Monthly trade data from the United Kingdom HM Customs for the period January to August 2022,meanwhile,indicate that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 820182022Figure 2.World banana exports by
94、 leading origins,20182022(preliminary),million tonnes 6 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 shipments from Cameroon to the United Kingdom grew by 78 percent compared with the same period of the previous year,totalling some 36 000 tonnes.At an approximate quantity share of 32 percent over t
95、he 2016 to 2020 period,Cameroon ranks as the second largest banana exporter from the region behind Cte dIvoire.In 2022,supplies from Cameroon reportedly benefitted from successful investments in production expansion,although it is difficult to assess the weight of various drivers such as increases i
96、n area and in productivity and the improved security situation in the country.Preliminary data on supplies from Cte dIvoire for the period January to August 2022,meanwhile,show a 5-percent year-on-year decrease in quantity terms,accompanied by a 17-percent drop in the average export unit value.Full
97、year exports from Cte dIvoire would thereby drop to some 320 000 tonnes in 2022.Shipments from Cte dIvoire primarily go to the European Union,mainly France,which typically receives 50 to 60 percent of quantities every year.In November 2020,Cte dIvoire had signed an Economic Partnership Agreement wit
98、h the United Kingdom,which encompasses tariff-free trade of bananas between the two partners.Monthly export data for the period January to August 2022 show an increase of nearly 70 percent in exports from Cote dIvoire to the United Kingdom,to approximately 21 thousand tonnes.Imports Preliminary mont
99、hly trade data for the period January to July 2022 suggest that global net import quantities of bananas would decline by 2.5 percent in 2022,a reduction of nearly 500 000 tonnes from the previous year,to just below 19 million tonnes.While demand in most import markets reportedly remained constant,gr
100、owth over the first seven months of the year was hindered by a reduced availability of export supplies as well as continuing bottlenecks in global shipping,which posed obstacles to supplies reaching their destination.These factors particularly affected the level of import quantities received over th
101、is period by the European Union,the United States of America,Japan,the United Kingdom,and Canada,which jointly 9 Provisional estimates provided by the European Commission in September 2022.account for some 60 percent of global imports.On the other hand,imports by China,the third largest importer of
102、bananas globally,continued to expand at a fast rate over the first seven months of 2022,facilitated by strong domestic demand and ample availability of export supplies from emerging producers in Southeast Asia.Available monthly trade data show that net imports by the European Union(EU-27),the larges
103、t importer of bananas globally,decreased by some 3 percent over the first seven months of the year,pointing to a full year estimate of 5 million tonnes in 2022.This would be the second consecutive year of declining imports in the European Union,following over one decade of nearly uninterrupted expan
104、sion prior to the pandemic.While consumer demand reportedly displayed a tendency to increase in most EU markets,supported not only by the convenience factor and nutritional characteristics of bananas but also by their relative affordability,import growth remained curtailed by the supply shortages ex
105、perienced in the key origins of Latin America and the Caribbean.For example,shipments from Ecuador and Costa Rica to Germany and Italy,two major importers of bananas within the European Union,registered double digit year-on-year declines in quantity terms over the period January to July 2022.Along w
106、ith the negative overall performance of banana imports into the European Union in 2022,industry sources reported severe difficulties for importers arising from the higher costs along global supply chains as well as from the depreciation of the Euro against the US dollar.European banana production wa
107、s estimated to decline to 591 580 tonnes in 2022,an approximate 7 percent decrease from 2021.9 On average,over 90 percent of EU banana production takes place in Spain and France,namely in the Canaries and the French West Indies.In the first ten months of 2022,banana production in Spain,which typical
108、ly accounts for over 50 percent of EU banana production alone,was reportedly heavily affected by the aftermath of an 85-day lasting volcano eruption on the island of La Palma,a key cultivating area of the Canaries.Although the eruption had already started in September 2021,the damage caused by scorc
109、hing and lava combined continued to heavily affect some 900 hectares of 7 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 plantations at the time of writing in October 2022.Provisional estimates provided by the European Commission in September 2022 therefore expect banana production in Spain to drop b
110、y 16 percent from the previous year,equivalent to a reduction by some 67 000 tonnes.Quantities produced in France,meanwhile,are estimated to grow by 9 percent year-on-year,on account of favourable weather conditions in the countrys two production areas,Guadeloupe and Martinique.Monthly trade data fo
111、r the period January to July 2022 accordingly show a year-on-year drop of 37 percent for shipments from Spain,and an expansion of some 11 percent for exports from France.At a predicted average export unit value of EUR 630/tonne in 2022,banana supplies from France are set to compete fairly well again
112、st larger global exporters,while those from Spain are expected to reach concerningly high levels of EUR 1 210/tonne.10 Net imports into the United States of America displayed a very slight tendency to decline over the first eight months of the year,at-0.3 percent growth year-on-year,and are thereby
113、estimated to remain almost unchanged at 4 million tonnes in 2022.Similar to the situation observed in the EU,consumer demand for bananas in the United States of America 10 Data refer to the estimated average unit value of EU green bananas based on average selling prices at the stage of delivery at t
114、he 1st port of unloading,as reported by the European Commission in September 2022.remained relatively stable,but import growth was subdued by quality concerns and production difficulties in key origins,alongside logistical issues.Available monthly import data show that,while shipments from Guatemala
115、,from which the United States of America obtains some 40 percent of total procurements,showed relatively fast year-on-year growth of 5 percent in quantity terms over this period,those from most other origins were hampered by supply shortages and transport bottlenecks.This affected in particular impo
116、rts from key LAC origins,notably Costa Rica,Ecuador,Mexico,Colombia,Panama and Peru,several of which registered double-digit year-on-year declines in quantity terms between January and August 2022.The reduction in combined imports amounted to some 250 000 tonnes over the period January to August 202
117、2,as indicated by preliminary data and information.Although the United States of America simultaneously nearly doubled its procurements from Honduras over this period,to some 320 000 tonnes,the overall growth potential remained restrained.Against this background,United States of America wholesale an
118、d retail prices displayed a strong tendency to rise over the first 8 months of the year,respectively averaging 26.3%21.3%10.6%7.4%5.7%4.6%0123456European UnionUnited States ofAmericaChinaRussian FederationJapanLatin America andthe CaribbeanFigure 3.Distribution of global net imports by market,2022(p
119、reliminary),million tonnes and share in global imports 8 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 some 7 percent and 6 percent higher than over the same period of the previous year.Net imports by China grew by 2.5 percent year-on-year in quantity terms over the period January to September 2022,
120、according to data obtained from China Customs Statistics in October.Over the full year,total imports by China are thereby estimated to reach 2 million tonnes,consolidating the countrys position as the third largest importer of bananas globally at an expected quantity share of 11 percent of global im
121、ports in 2022.Available information suggests that Chinese imports continued to be driven by ample domestic demand in combination with a limited and decreasing availability of high-quality domestically produced bananas.Import growth was further enabled by the fast expansion in supplies originating in
122、 Viet Nam and Cambodia,two emerging exporters in Asia,where an upsurge in Chinese-owned banana plantations has been seen in recent years.Preliminary monthly trade data show that Chinese imports from these two countries amounted to approximately 670 thousand tonnes combined over the period January to
123、 September 2022,a rise of some 10 percent from the previous year.Imports of Filipino bananas,meanwhile,dropped by a reported 8 percent over this period due to the continuing production difficulties experienced in the Philippines.China had previously imported some 50 to 75 percent of its total banana
124、 imports from the Philippines,but this share stood at a mere 38 percent over the first nine months of 2022.Over the same period,Chinese procurements from Ecuador,which had already seen fast expansion before the pandemic,grew by a reported 4 percent year-on-year.However,in absolute terms,at a quantit
125、y of some 160 000 tonnes,imports from Ecuador remained nearly 50 percent below their pre-pandemic levels,due to the supply issues experienced in the country and the substantial increases in global costs of transport,which rendered shipments over this long distance costly.At an average unit price of
126、700 USD/tonne over the first nine months of 2022,imports from Ecuador were approximately 30 percent more expensive than bananas originating in Viet Nam.Chinese imports from Lao Peoples Democratic Republic,another recently emerging location of Chinese investments in banana production facilities,meanw
127、hile continued to be hindered by the implementation of strict COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures in the country,which included the closure of ports and export routes up until May 2022.Provisional data accordingly show a decline of 9 percent in Chinese banana imports from Lao Peoples Democratic Re
128、public for the period January to Figure 4.World banana imports by destination,20182022(preliminary),million tonnes 1 2 3 4 5 6European UnionUnited States ofAmericaChinaRussian FederationJapanLatin America andthe Caribbean20182022 9 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 September 2022,combine
129、d with a 22-percent increase in the average import unit value.Preliminary data indicate that net imports by the Russian Federation may remain virtually unchanged from the previous year,at an estimated 1.4 million tonnes in 2022.However,it is important to note that at the time of writing,direct month
130、ly import data from the Russian Federation could only be obtained up to January 2022,rendering a precise assessment of recent developments difficult.The Russian Federation imports bananas almost exclusively from Ecuador via previously agreed contracts,which are settled in US dollars.Available partne
131、r data from Ecuador showed a 1-percent year-on-year increase in shipments to the Russian Federation over the period January to August 2022.While shipments from Ecuador to the Russian Federation were heavily curtailed by logistical issues during the first few months of the war,with exports from Ecuad
132、or posting approximate 30 percent and 10 percent year-on-year declines in March and April 2022 respectively,the situation eased over the summer months,with imports growing by over 20 percent year-on-year in June and July 2022.Nevertheless,overall growth opportunities continued to be severely limited
133、 by the economic sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation,which resulted in an economic crisis in the country.Monthly trade data accordingly show a 15-percent year-on-year drop in shipments from Ecuador to the Russian Federation again in August 2022.According to industry information from the
134、 same month,Russian importers frequently requested price discounts from Ecuadorian exporters or even cancelled previously agreed orders.The situation was exacerbated by the supply difficulties experienced in Ecuador,which posed an additional obstacle to higher import growth.Net imports by Japan look
135、 likely to decrease by an estimated 2 percent in 2022,to approximately 1.1 million tonnes.However,in absolute terms,this would still see banana imports remaining some 7 percent above their 2016-2020 average and thereby at a comparatively high level.While demand for bananas in the country remained re
136、latively stable,import growth was dampened by the production shortages and supply chain issues experienced in global markets.Japan typically sources some 75 to 80 percent of its banana imports from the Philippines and some 12 percent from Ecuador,both of which experienced production difficulties in
137、2022,according to information up to October 2022.Available monthly trade data for the first eight months of the year accordingly show year-on-year declines in imports into Japan from the majority of origins,with shipments from Ecuador displaying a particularly large drop.10 Banana Market Review Prel
138、iminary Results 2022 Statistical annex Table 1-Banana exports 2016-2020 2021 2022 (thousand tonnes)Latin America and the Caribbean 15 481 15 884 15 061 South America 8 831 9 412 8 758 Bolivia(Plurinational State of)123 115 139 Brazil 66 107 89 Colombia 1 881 2 103 2 125 Ecuador 6 452 6 813 6 216 Mex
139、ico 542 513 453 Panama 252 358 230 Peru 214 211 173 Suriname 46 5 1 Central America 6 279 6 108 5 973 Belize 135 215 204 Costa Rica 2 306 2 336 2 122 Guatemala 2 333 2 318 2 467 Honduras 584 211 341 Nicaragua 128 158 155 Caribbean 371 364 330 Dominican Republic 356 357 324 Asia 3 937 3 941 3 869 Cam
140、bodia 78 356 442 China,mainland 17 20 22 India 141 341 352 Indonesia 12 7 10 Malaysia 25 32 32 Pakistan 76 56 92 Philippines 3 159 2 383 2 235 Thailand 26 16 10 Trkiye 89 168 34 Viet Nam 171 329 405 Africa 728 640 663 Cameroon 236 188 216 Cte dIvoire 345 339 322 Ethiopia 10 4 5 Ghana 76 63 51 Least
141、Developed Countries 255 548 632 Low Income Food Deficit Countries 837 768 767 World 20 147 20 465 19 593 11 Banana Market Review Preliminary Results 2022 Table 2-Banana imports 2016-2020 2021 2022 (thousand tonnes)Latin America and the Caribbean 809 906 864 Argentina 454 480 466 Chile 209 258 244 Ur
142、uguay 53 53 50 Asia 4 596 5 070 5 088 China 1 507 1 929 2 016 China,mainland 1 435 1 863 1 953 China,Hong Kong SAR 67 60 57 China,Macao SAR 5 6 6 Iran(Islamic Republic of)247 259 152 Iraq 164 148 153 Japan 1 011 1 108 1 085 Kazakhstan 40 87 93 Kuwait 66 29 27 Republic of Korea 390 352 326 Saudi Arab
143、ia 320 323 311 Singapore 57 57 53 Trkiye 406 284 283 United Arab Emirates 167 180 193 Africa 385 479 409 Algeria 149 159 60 South Africa 129 162 203 Tunisia 53 66 35 Europe 8 088 8 257 7 894 European Union 5 674 5 146 4 980 United Kingdom 195 915 865 Belarus 72 75 69 Norway 84 80 81 Russian Federati
144、on 1 468 1 398 1 400 Serbia 75 93 80 Switzerland 95 101 99 Ukraine 258 327 210 Northern America 4 723 4 638 4 609 Canada 592 586 568 United States of America 4 131 4 051 4 040 Oceania 96 98 93 New Zealand 96 98 93 Least Developed Countries 22 19 22 Low Income Food Deficit Countries 62 92 131 WORLD 18 697 19 448 18 956 12 NOTES CC3421EN/1/12.22 CONTACT Team on Responsible Global Value Chain Tropical-Fruitsfao.org Markets and Trade Division Economic and Social Development stream www.fao.org/markets-and-trade Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome,Italy