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1、Table of ContentsOverview of Indoor Navigation TechnologiesWHY GPS IS NOT ENOUGH FOR INDOOR POSITIONINGBEACONS FOR INDOOR NAVIGATIONVISUAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(VPS)VISUAL MARKERS FOR INDOOR POSITIONINGAR Navigation:How It WorksCurrent Limitations of AR Indoor Navigation TechnologyHIGH PRECISION HIGH P
2、ERFORMANCEMobile AR Indoor Navigation:ARCore and ARKitARKIT:AR NAVIGATION ON IPHONE AND IPADARKIT LOCATION ANCHORSARCORE:AR NAVIGATION ON ANDROID SMARTPHONESHow to Develop an AR Navigation ApplicationCREATE AN INDOOR MAP WITH VISUAL MARKERSOvercoming Challenges of Indoor PositioningAPPROACH#1:VISUAL
3、 MARKERSVISUAL MARKERS:COST EFFECTIVENESS VS CONVENIENCETOO MANY MARKERSWHY NOT USE QR CODES INSTEAD OF CUSTOM MARKERS?RULES FOR THE BUILDING AR MARKERSAPPROACH#2:BEACONS AND VISUAL POSITIONING SYSTEMSGET PERMISSIONDrawing Routes for Indoor AR NavigationAR Navigation SDK DevelopmentFuture of Indoor
4、Navigation:Increasing Accuracy and DetailULTRA-WIDEBANDROOM SCANNINGWhy Choose MobiDev for AR Navigation Development1With the demand growing for more complex and higher quality AR softwareproducts,many established organizations are shifting toward more specializedsolutions to suit their business nee
5、ds,and AR navigation is one of them.The guide that follows is not another exciting review of the potential of ARnavigation,however.Instead,we will share with you the real possibilities of thistechnology as well as implementation challenges and ways to overcome them.Please keep in mind that this is n
6、ot an off-the-shelf solution,but is instead ourapproach and expertise related to building indoor navigation apps that you canuse to create a custom AR navigation system for your business or as the basisfor building an AR navigation SDK you can share with your clients.If this is exactly what you were
7、 looking for,lets get started.Overview of Indoor Navigation TechnologiesBefore we can get into augmented reality navigation,lets talk first about somekey indoor navigation technologies.Each technology has benefits and drawbacksdepending on whether it is used for indoor or outdoor navigation.WHY GPS
8、IS NOT ENOUGH FOR INDOOR POSITIONINGGPS is great if you need to show something on a large scale.For example,showing a supermarket building in AR.In this case,even if the AR object islocated 50 meters away,it will still be fine at this scale.But this is not the casefor indoor navigation where such ac
9、curacy is not satisfactory.Therefore,GPS isonly suitable for outdoor navigation.If we need to determine someonesposition inside a building or in an exact position in a dense downtown area,GPScan only do so much to support AR navigation.For example,it can only define abuilding and preload data for it
10、.2That leaves three other options for indoor navigation:beacons,visualpositioning systems,and visual markers.BEACONS FOR INDOOR NAVIGATIONIndoor positioning system beacons help devices locate their positions withinbuildings by measuring signals from these beacons.These provide moreaccuracy than GPS,
11、but you need to purchase and physically place them in thebuilding,as well as store the location of each beacon to calculate user location.The accuracy can be within 5 meters,which is enough,for example,to navigatethe user to the gate at the airport.VISUAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(VPS)Visual positioning sy
12、stems and visual markers are approaches that dont requireexpensive new hardware.However,they require additional labor to configureand set up.Just as we search for landmarks with our eyes,visual positioning systems(VPS)can use your smartphones camera to analyze your surroundings and determineyour loc
13、ation.One of the most notable applications of VPS is used in GoogleMaps.By comparing camera data with extensive Street View databases,Googlecan determine your location and give you on-screen directions.Similartechnology is also available for iOS,but for a limited number of cities.You canfind the lis
14、t here.3However,things arent so easy indoors.Youll need to create your own datasetsand train artificial intelligence models to recognize those environments.You mayface challenges if remodeling is done or if the furniture is moved frequently.ButVPS can be used as a supplement to GPS or Beacons.VISUAL
15、 MARKERS FOR INDOOR POSITIONINGA visual marker is an image that the system can recognize.It must be unique sothat the computer does not confuse it with something else and asymmetric sothat the system understands from which side it is viewing the marker.Visual markers dont require expensive AI traini
16、ng,making them a potentiallymore cost-effective solution.Also,they provide the highest level of accuracy ofall indoor navigation options available today.But you should keep in mind thatusers are required to scan a marker to start navigation,which does not provideas seamless an experience as the GPS
17、we are used to.The further we go fromthe starting point,the more imprecise the navigation becomes.Therefore,thissolution requires periodic rescanning.Marker maintenance is also important,asthe markers need to be unobstructed and clean for best recognition.AR Navigation:How It WorksAugmented reality
18、navigation is an innovative solution that incorporates theabove-mentioned technologies for indoor and outdoor navigation.The primarygoal of this technology is to provide directions to users onscreen,overlaid on topof real environments seen through the camera of a device like a smartphone orheadset.T
19、his alleviates the challenge of comparing the real world against areference like a map,which is more difficult for users to use while navigating.Thus,there are two parts to AR navigation,the first being the actual navigationand localization,and then the display of AR directions such as text,arrows,a
20、ndpaths on the screen.This second step is actually the easiest part of the wholeprocess,with the more challenging element being identifying the users position.Find insights on how AR navigation works and other promising cases of using ARtechnology in business in the video below.4Current Limitations
21、of AR Indoor NavigationTechnologyAR navigation is a truly exciting technology,but it has limitations that need to beconsidered.AR indoor navigation can lead us in the right direction.It can tell uswhich way to get to the right department of a store.It can help us get into thegeneral vicinity of a wa
22、rd of a hospital,or help get us going in the direction of aparticular area of an airport.However,at this stage of indoor positioningtechnology development,it cant lead us directly to a certain product on a shelf,or to a particular book at the library.Here wed need centimeter-accuracy,andthats just n
23、ot possible yet.You should take this into account when planningyour project.5HIGH PRECISION HIGH PERFORMANCEWhen choosing the technologies you want to use for your AR indoor navigationsystem,aim for high performance and high precision.Mobile devices needprecise positioning data and a lot of processi
24、ng power to make augmentedreality and navigation systems work properly.Youll need to be willing to makethe appropriate investment in the technology needed to make your office,airport,hospital,or other location navigable.Mobile AR Indoor Navigation:ARCore andARKitIf getting your customers and teams m
25、oving in the right direction with indoornavigation is still a challenge you want to take on given these limitations,youllnow need to consider the platforms that the client will run on,which are Android(ARCore)and iOS(ARKit)smartphones.Regardless of how you proceed from here,remember that the mobile
26、platformsavailable primarily differ in their capability to render and display AR directions.The navigation data and routing information can be handled exactly the sameacross both platforms.6ARKIT:AR NAVIGATION ON IPHONE AND IPADARKit is backed up by much more reliable hardware and software compared
27、toARCore.Apple has full control over the production and design of its iPhone andiPad hardware as well as the OS software.Because of this,ARKits performanceis more optimized.Its more reliable because there is very little diversity inperformance among iPhones and iPads.ARKIT LOCATION ANCHORSARKit 4 in
28、troduced location anchors in 2020.This technology utilizes VPS toidentify landmarks such as buildings and compares them against Apple MapsLook Around images which are similar to Google Street View pictures.Thisfeature allows developers to affix objects to specific locations rather than inarbitrary l
29、ocations.This can help users identify landmarks around them with ARnavigation and this solution operates with higher accuracy than simply usingGPS data on its own.Most interestingly,location matching occurs locally,whichis good news for users concerned about privacy.Another key feature that puts iPh
30、ones above Android devices in the AR arena isthe LiDAR sensor.This hardware can make AR navigation easier due to itssuperior depth-sensing capabilities,enabling ARKit to analyze depth in a scene atunprecedented speeds.Check out our demo to see how ARKit-based AR navigation can be implemented.7ARCORE
31、:AR NAVIGATION ON ANDROID SMARTPHONESMeanwhile,ARCore devices on Android phones are much more inconsistentbecause there is a great deal of hardware and software diversity from oneAndroid phone to another.Since there are multiple manufacturers,it is morechallenging for Google to come up with a consis
32、tent,reliable experience.Although ARCore may not be as powerful as ARKit due to current hardwarelimitations and inconsistencies,it is still an incredibly valuable platform.In 2022there were 133,4 million Android users in the USA,roughly a third of thepopulation.Developing AR navigation solutions for
33、 this audience is crucial forremaining competitive.Our ARCore indoor navigation demo video shows how users can be navigatedthroughout a building using on-screen AR instructions.How to Develop an AR NavigationApplicationIn most cases,AR navigation solutions can be implemented into existingapplication
34、s.Therefore,what follows will focus more on the navigation model.Well discuss a few different approaches and their limitations that will enable you8to support your customers and staff.Well also discuss developing an SDK to sellto your customers for their own mapping solutions.CREATE AN INDOOR MAP WI
35、TH VISUAL MARKERSSince we dont have the luxury of using Google,Apple,or open-source mappingsolutions to download or call via APIs,youll need to accurately map theenvironment you want to navigate.Quality and scalability are important factorsthat can determine the success of your map.Now that we have
36、a detailed map,it must be populated with metadata to definecorridors and rooms.This is called the navigation graph.Only then can we beginanalyzing the environment to add visual markers.9Its important to ensure that the map matches the real world.If you are usingvisual markers,they need to be placed
37、at specific points marked on the map.Ifthey do not perfectly match,then positioning may be inaccurate.Overcoming Challenges of Indoor PositioningThe most challenging part of AR indoor navigation development is determiningthe users location.Lets talk about two approaches to indoor positioning.APPROAC
38、H#1:VISUAL MARKERSVisual markers are helpful for ensuring IPS(indoor positioning system)accuracy.Each marker has its own unique ID.When a marker is seen,it is comparedagainst the entire list of markers to find a match.The markers used for thissystem include data about the users position in 3D space.
39、This includes whatfloor the user is on and where they are on that floor,as each floor can bedetermined by a users vertical coordinates.Once implemented,the user will need to scan a marker to calibrate theapplication for navigation.How close the users camera should be to the barcodedepends on the qua
40、lity of the marker and the surface where its placed.In most10cases,this should only be a few centimeters,but not too close to make itimpossible for the barcode to be recognized.VISUAL MARKERS:COST EFFECTIVENESS VS CONVENIENCEThe visual marker approach is great for relative cost-effectiveness.However
41、,thisdoes sacrifice some convenience for the end user.Having to scan a barcode toinitiate each navigation session can be a little tedious for users.If youre lookingfor greater convenience,you should explore a method involving beacons.Withbeacons,seamless positioning can be used without further actio
42、n from the user.However,the visual marker approach can,in many cases,provide greaterprecision than beacons can.When properly calibrated,scanning a visual markerwill give your device its exact coordinates.TOO MANY MARKERSAnother problem to consider is scale.Every marker exists in a database used byth
43、e app.The more markers there are,the larger the dataset.The larger thedataset,the more processing time is needed to compare the captured imageagainst that dataset to find a match.If the same app is used across multiple11locations with thousands of markers,you have a few options to approachdegraded p
44、erformance.One potential solution is to use different databases for each location.You canuse the same marker style across multiple locations with this strategy.The usercan select their location manually or may be able to obtain the locationinformation from the local network.WHY NOT USE QR CODES INST
45、EAD OF CUSTOM MARKERS?QR codes can work for this purpose instead of a custom marker design.However,custom markers have better performance when used with ARKit andARCore applications.The main reason for this is that custom markers allow theprogram to take into account the orientation of the camera to
46、 the marker.Thisenables greater accuracy than using data from a QR code alone.RULES FOR THE BUILDING AR MARKERSFor the marker system to work,the owners of the building will need to approvetheir placement and appearance.If there are strict design standards in abuilding,visual markers may be challengi
47、ng to implement.This is closely relatedto the following considerations:The more complexity a visual marker has,the easier it will be for the ARapp to recognize it.Every marker must be unique,otherwise,the program may mistake onemarker for another.Asymmetry will tell the program which side of the mar
48、ker the user is on.APPROACH#2:BEACONS AND VISUAL POSITIONING SYSTEMSWe believe that visual markers are one of the best solutions for indoornavigation available now.However,combining approaches together is alsoanother potential solution for various use cases.For example,lets imagine that you want to
49、create an indoor navigation systemfor an airport.You may run into some problems with visual markers.Launchinginto AR navigation requires the user to scan one of these markers.However,thismight cause a problem if a marker is not immediately nearby.12If adding additional markers is not possible,VPS mi
50、ght be a better alternative.Byusing the environment around instead of markers,the user will be able toinitiate AR navigation from anywhere in the building.If various parts of yourbuilding,like airport terminals,look very similar,then the system may needmore information.In this case,it may be wise to
51、 include beacons.The VPS system may be able torecognize the environment,but a nearby beacon may be able to help the systemrecognize where it is in the building.GET PERMISSIONIn order to use beacons in a building,youll need to obtain permission from thebuilding owner.If you dont have permission to in
52、stall and maintain beacons orvisual markers,youll need to use an alternative technology like VPS that wontbe so accurate.Drawing Routes for Indoor AR NavigationRendering the route is the easy part compared to the challenges ofunderstanding the users position in a building.However,there are someimpor
53、tant considerations to keep in mind.Using graph theory to createdirections with lines or arrows,developers can create visuals to direct users totheir destination.One of the main obstacles to overcome is occlusion.The AR 3D layer content isplaced on top of the real world on the users screen in most c
54、ontexts.However,this could be confusing to look at if the lines are drawn on top of or throughwalls.Its important to consider occlusion so that users can be guided to theirdestinations more naturally.13Understanding size and distance is also a vital part of the process.Objects thatare farther away a
55、ppear smaller from the perspective of the user.The mostimportant virtual object for this process is the destination pin.When the usercan see the destination pin on their screen,it should appear larger when nearand smaller when farther away.14AR Navigation SDK DevelopmentIf youre looking to create an
56、 SDK to monetize the finished navigation solution,the project becomes a bit more complicated.In addition to navigation,you willhave to think about how to ensure platform compatibility.The bare minimumfor compatibility would be Android and iOS.Ideally,you would also be able tosupport Flutter,React,Na
57、tive Script,and other platforms.To do this,much of your attention will need to be spent on writingdocumentation that will help your customers to conveniently adopt yoursolution.Other considerations include license keys and payment.In ourexperience,a project of this scale can take 1.5 to 2 years of d
58、evelopment.However,you can start with a proof of concept to make sure that the idea isfeasible.In addition,youll need experienced developers to work on the project.Creating an AR navigation SDK requires many years of expertise.Future of Indoor Navigation:IncreasingAccuracy and DetailIts important to
59、 set your expectations correctly when it comes to AR indoornavigation.As it stands right now,modern technology doesnt have the precisionto make indoor navigation work as it does in science fiction.However,thatdoesnt have to be the case forever.New technologies and innovations are onthe horizon,and t
60、he field will continue to advance.We should look forward towhat lies ahead,but we must approach indoor navigation realistically if we are tosucceed.ULTRA-WIDEBANDFor example,Ultra-Wideband beacons will help provide more accuratecoordinates for devices.However,they use more power than other technolog
61、iesand their signals cannot penetrate walls.Once their APIs are made available,they may serve well in open indoor environments like airports,where beaconsmight be mounted on ceilings for better connectivity.15ROOM SCANNINGRoom scanning technologies are already making it easier for indoor locations t
62、obe mapped in 3D space,meaning that it may only be a matter of time beforemore accessible visual positioning solutions are possible for businesses.Why Choose MobiDev for AR NavigationDevelopmentThe AR indoor navigation project requires years of experience because eachproject is unique and the team m
63、ust be able to meet these business needs.Ouraugmented reality app developers can help you find the solutions you need togain an edge in the market.Having an extensive experience with innovative technologies,our augmentedreality developers know how to overcome the limits of existing AR frameworks toc
64、reate more effective solutions.Combining AR with advanced artificialintelligence and machine learning algorithms can help you provide moreaccurate and realistic AR experiences,improve app performance and increasecustomer satisfaction.If youve weighed the pros and cons of getting into the AR indoor navigation appdevelopment process and decided to launch your project,wed love to help youon your journey.Contact us to get started!16