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1、www.efpia.euThe Pharmaceutical Industry in FiguresKey Data 2022EFPIA Key Data|20222Thanks to advances in science and technology,the research-based pharmaceutical industry is entering an exciting new era in medicines development.Research methods are evolving and we have many promising prospects on th
2、e horizon,with ground-breaking cell and gene therapies being increasingly available*.The innovative pharmaceutical industry is driven by,and drives,medical progress.It aims to turn fundamental research into innovative treatments that are widely available and accessible to patients.Already,the indust
3、ry has contributed to significant improvements in patient well-being.Todays European citizens can expect to live up to 30 years longer than they did a century ago.Some major steps in biopharmaceutical research,complimented by many smaller steps,have allowed for reductions in mortality,for instance f
4、rom HIV/AIDS-related causes and several cancers.High blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases can be controlled with antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medicines;knee or hip replacements prevent patients from immobility;and some cancers can be controlled or even cured with the help of new t
5、argeted treatments.European citizens can expect not only to live longer,but to live better quality lives.Yet major hurdles remain,including Alzheimers,Multiple Sclerosis,many cancers,and rare diseases.THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:A KEY ASSET TO SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL PROGRESSSource:HIV/AIDS surveilla
6、nce in Europe 2021(2020 data),WHO Regional Office for Europe&European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control(ECDC),30 November 2021*https:/www.efpia.eu/publications/downloads/efpia/iqviaefpia-pipeline-review-2021TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS AMONG AIDS CASES IN EUROPE(TOTAL EU/EEA)00400020205
7、00620073INDUSTRY(EFPIA total)2000 201020202021Production127,504199,730 286,697300,000(e)Exports(1)(2)90,935276,357509,828565,000(e)Imports68,841204,824347,124390,000(e)Trade balance22,09471,533162,704175,000(e)R&D expenditure17,84927,
8、92039,656 41,500(e)Employment(units)556,506701,059835,590840,000(e)R&D employment(units)88,397116,253122,331125,000(e)Total pharmaceutical market value at ex-factory prices89,449 153,685236,090255,000(e)Payment for pharmaceuticals by statutory health insurance systems(ambulatory care only)76,909129,
9、464146,680157,500(e)THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY:A KEY ASSET TO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMYAs well as driving medical progress by researching,developing and bringing new medicines that improve health and quality of life for patients around the world,the research-based pharmaceutical industry is a key asset
10、of the European economy.It is one of Europes top performing high-technology sectors.Values in million unless otherwise stated(1)Data relate to EU-27,Norway,Switzerland and United Kingdom since 2005(EU-15 before 2005);Croatia and Serbia included since 2010;Turkey included since 2011;Russia included s
11、ince 2013(2)Data relating to total exports and total imports include EU-27 intra-trade(double counting in some cases)Source:EFPIA member associations(official figures)-(e):EFPIA estimate;Eurostat(EU-27 trade data 2000-2021)EFPIA Key Data|2022464.4%9.6%6.0%PharmergingJapanRest ofthe WorldUSA3.2%16.8%
12、Europe(Top 5)MAIN TRENDSThe research-based pharmaceutical industry can play a critical role in restoring Europe to growth and ensuring future competitiveness in an advancing global economy.In 2021 it invested an estimated 41,500 million in R&D in Europe.It directly employs some 840,000 people and ge
13、nerates about three times more employment indirectly upstream and downstream than it does directly(PwC,Economic and societal footprint of the pharmaceutical industry in Europe,June 2019).However,the sector faces real challenges.Besides the additional regulatory hurdles and escalating R&D costs,the s
14、ector has been severely hit by the impact of fiscal austerity measures introduced by governments across much of Europe since 2010.There is rapid growth in the market and research environment in emerging economies such as Brazil,China and India,leading to a gradual migration of economic and research
15、activities from Europe to these fast-growing markets.During the period 2016-2021 the Brazilian,Chinese and Indian markets grew by 11.7%,6.7%and 11.8%respectively compared to an average market growth of 5.8%for the top 5 European Union markets and 5.6%for the US market(source:IQVIA MIDAS,May 2022).In
16、 2021 North America accounted for 49.1%of world pharmaceutical sales compared with 23.4%for Europe.According to IQVIA(MIDAS May 2022),64.4%of sales of new medicines launched during the period 2016-2021 were on the US market,compared with 16.8%on the Eu-ropean market(top 5 markets).The fragmentation
17、of the EU pharmaceutical market has resulted in a lucrative parallel trade.This benefits neither social security nor patients and deprives the industry of additional resources to fund R&D.Parallel trade was estimated to amount to 6,070 million(value at ex-factory prices)in 2020.GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOW
18、N(BY MAIN MARKETS)OF SALES OF NEW MEDICINES LAUNCHED DURING THE PERIOD 2016-2021Note:New medicines cover all new active ingredients marketed for the first time on the world market during the period 2016-2021Europe(Top 5)comprises France,Germany,Italy,Spain and United Kingdom Pharmerging comprises 21
19、 countries ranked by IQVIA as high-growth pharmaceutical markets(Algeria,Argentina,Bangladesh,Brazil,Colombia,Chile,China,Egypt,India,Indonesia,Kazakhstan,Mexico,Nigeria,Pakistan,Philippines,Poland,Russia,Saudi Arabia,South Africa,Turkey and Vietnam)Source:IQVIA (MIDAS May 2022)5PHARMACEUTICAL R&D E
20、XPENDITURE IN EUROPE,USA,JAPAN AND CHINA(MILLION OF NATIONAL CURRENCY UNITS*),1990-2020*Note:million;USA:$million;Japan:million x 100;China:Yuan million(*2001 year)Source:EFPIA member associations,PhRMA,JPMA,China Statistical YearbookSHARE OF PARALLEL IMPORTS IN PHARMACY MARKET SALES(%)2020Note:U.K.
21、:in%of pharmacy market sales at reimbursement pricesSource:EFPIA member associations(estimate)0,00010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000JapanUSAChinaEurope207,84927,92040,68812,76021,3647,462201913,39237,88064,357202013,21639,65672,41278,46060,95612,2631,925*7,7666,8035,161Euro
22、peUSAJapanChina02468022242628U.K.SwedenPolandNetherlandsIrelandDenmarkBelgiumAustriaGermany8.36.2Finland4.2 3.52.87.51.710.99.126.9EFPIA Key Data|20226PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAll new medicines introduced into the market are the result of lengthy,costly an
23、d risky research and development(R&D)conducted by pharmaceutical companies:By the time a medicinal product reaches the market,an average of 12-13 years will have elapsed since the first synthesis of the new active substance;The cost of researching and developing a new chemical or biological entity w
24、as estimated at 1,926 million($2,558 million in year 2013 dollars)in 2014(DiMasi et al,Journal of Health Economics,January 2016);On average,only one to two of every 10,000 substances synthesised in laboratories will successfully pass all stages of development required to become a marketable medicine
25、.PHASES OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSScreening(10,000 molecules)05 yearsPatent applicationPreclinical developmentClinical trialsAcute toxicityPharmacologyChronic toxicityPhase IPhase IIPhase IIIPriceReimbursementPharmacovigilanceRegistration/Marketing authorisation10 years10 years of R&D2
26、to 3 years of administrative procedures15 years20 years patent expiry25 years SPC(supplementary protection certificate)max.+5 years1 medicinal product7PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEEFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 283Belgium 4,964Bulgaria 91Croatia 40Cyprus 85Czech Rep.7
27、2Denmark 1,486Estonia n.aFinland 258France 4,451Germany 7,813Greece 102Hungary 298Iceland n.aIreland 305Italy 1,620Latvia n.aLithuania n.aMalta n.aNetherlands 642Norway 126Poland 431Portugal 90Romania 69Russia 706Slovakia 35Slovenia 334Spain 1,161Sweden 1,104Switzerland 7,380Turkey 71U.K.5,639 TOTAL
28、 39,656 Note:The figures relate to the R&D carried out in each country.Austria,Slovenia:2019;Bulgaria,France:2017 data;Norway,Sweden:2015 data;Cyprus,Ireland:2013 data;Croatia,Netherlands:2011 dataBelgium,Croatia,Denmark,France,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Norway(LMI members),Poland,Romania,Slov
29、enia,Sweden(LIF members),Switzerland(Interpharma members),Turkey:estimateSource:EFPIA member associations(official figures)EFPIA Key Data|2022814.944.125.14.311.5Pre-human/Pre-clinicalApprovalPharmacovigilance(Phase IV)Uncategorized 7.69.327.2Phase IPhase IIPhase IIIClinical TrialsEuropeUSAJapanOthe
30、rs0204060801001201401-20-20064652658326721147538159Source:PhRMA,Annual Membership Survey 2021(percentages calculated from 2020 data;total values may be affected by rounding)Source:SCRIP EFPIA calculations(according to nationality of mother company)ALLOCATION
31、OF R&D INVESTMENTS BY FUNCTION(%)NUMBER OF NEW CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES(2002-2021)9EuropeUSA051015202530-20162007-20111.8China3.133.33.17.718.64.08.512.9IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL R&DIn 2020 the pharmaceutical industry invested more than 39,600 million in R&D in Europe.A dec
32、ade of strong US market dominance led to a significant shift of economic and research activity towards the US during the period 1995-2005,a trend that has been exacerbating since 2015.Additionally,Europe is now facing increasing competition from emerging economies:rapid growth in the market and rese
33、arch environments in countries such as China and Korea are contributing to the move of economic and research activities to non-European markets.In 2021 China nearly equalled Europe as originator of new active substances launched for the first time on the world market,with respectively 18 and 19 new
34、substances,far behind the US leading with 35 on a total of 95.The geographical balance of the pharmaceutical market and ultimately the R&D base is likely to shift gradually towards fast-growing emerging economies.ESTIMATED FULL COST OF BRINGING A NEW CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL ENTITY TO MARKET ($MILLION
35、-YEAR 2013$)Source:Joseph.A.DiMasi,Henry G.Grabowski,Ronald W.Hansen,Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry:New estimates of R&D costs,Journal of Health Economics,47(2016),20-33 Note:USA,China:data relating to period 2017-2020Source:EFPIA,PhRMA,China Statistical Yearbook -early 1980
36、s05006007008009001,0001,1001,2001,3001,4001,5001980-early 1990s1990-mid 2000s2000s-mid 2010s1794131,0442,5581,6001,7001,8001,9002,0002,1002,2002,3002,4002,5002,600PHARMACEUTICAL R&D EXPENDITURE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE(%)EFPIA Key Data|202210RANKING OF INDUSTRIAL SECTORS BY OVERALL SECTOR R&D I
37、NTENSITY (R&D AS PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES 2020)According to EUROSTAT data,the pharmaceutical industry is the high technology sector with the highest added value per person employed,significantly higher than the average value for high-tech and manufacturing industries.The pharmaceutical industry is al
38、so the sector with the highest ratio of R&D investment to net sales.According to the 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard,health industries invested about 188.7 billion in R&D in 2020,accounting for 20.8%of total business R&D expenditure worldwide.024681012141612.4%8.7%7.4%5%4.8%4.0%2.5%2.4%
39、2.1%0.7%ICT servicesHealth IndustriesAerospace&defenceTotalOthers2.8%ConstructionEnergyAutomobiles&other transportsFinancialIndustrialsICT products2.7%ChemicalsNote:Data relate to the top 2,500 companies with registered offices in the EU-27(401),Japan(293),the US(779),China(597)and the Rest of the W
40、orld(430),ranked by total worldwide R&D investment(with investment in R&D above 36.5 million).Companies are distributed by main sector according to the International Classification Benchmark(ICB);health industries include biotechnology,health providers,medical equipment,medical supplies and pharmace
41、uticals.Source:The 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard,European Commission-Joint Research Centre11PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTIONEFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 1,434Belgium 20,245Bulgaria 121Croatia 451Cyprus 253Czech Rep.880Denmark 15,727Estonia n.aFinland 1,895France 23,558Germany 32,350Gree
42、ce 1,653Hungary 3,422Iceland 89Ireland 19,305Italy 34,300Latvia 255Lithuania n.aMalta n.aNetherlands 6,180Norway 1,432Poland 2,343Portugal 1,857Romania 655Russia 6,459Slovakia 356Slovenia 2,546Spain 16,246Sweden 10,670Switzerland 53,195Turkey 3,497U.K.25,323 TOTAL 286,697 Note:All data based on SITC
43、 54Spain,U.K.:2019 data;Cyprus:2018 data;Slovakia,Norway:2017 data;Iceland:2016 data;Bulgaria:2015 data;Ireland:2014 data;Romania:2013 data;Netherlands:2010 dataCroatia,Denmark,France,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland:estimateBulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus
44、,France,Hungary,Ireland,Latvia,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia:veterinary products excludedSource:EFPIA member associations(official figures)Graph 13-remplirAustria million453BelgiumAustriaBelgium2,493 million4532,493216,928TOTALEfpia 2013PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTIONEFPIA Key Data|202212EMPLOYM
45、ENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYThe research-based pharmaceutical industry is one of Europes major high-technology industrial employers.Recent studies in some countries showed that the research-based pharmaceutical industry generates about three times more employment indirectly upstream and downst
46、ream than it does directly(PwC,Economic and societal footprint of the pharmaceutical industry in Europe,June 2019).Furthermore,a significant proportion of these are valuable skilled jobs,for instance in the fields of academia or clinical science,which can help maintain a high-level knowledge base an
47、d prevent a European“brain drain”.EFPIA 2020 Units UnitsAustria 16,335Belgium 40,464Bulgaria 15,500Croatia 5,987Cyprus 1,755Czech Rep.18,000Denmark 25,686Estonia 380Finland 6,178France 99,310Germany 115,519Greece 26,500Hungary 28,300Iceland 500Ireland 42,000Italy 66,400Latvia 2,232Lithuania 1,220Mal
48、ta 1,033Netherlands 20,000Norway 4,500Poland 16,121Portugal 9,100Romania 35,000Russia n.aSlovakia 2,287Slovenia 11,969Spain 48,867Sweden 13,156Switzerland 47,000Turkey 42,291U.K.72,000 TOTAL 835,590 Note:Austria,Spain:2019 data;Cyprus,Latvia,Malta:2018 data;Slovakia:2017 data;Estonia:2016 data;Lithu
49、ania:2013 dataBelgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Estonia,France,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,United Kingdom:estimateSource:EFPIA member associations(official figures)13Note:Data includes Iceland(since 2017),Croatia,Lithuania and Turkey(since 2010)
50、,Bulgaria,Estonia and Hungary(since 2009),Czech Republic(since 2008),Cyprus(since 2007),Latvia,Romania&Slovakia(since 2005),Malta,Poland and Slovenia(since 2004)Source:EFPIA member associations(official figures)-(e):EFPIA estimateNote:Data includes Iceland(since 2017),Greece&Lithuania(since 2013),Bu
51、lgaria and Turkey(since 2012),Poland(since 2010),Czech Republic,Estonia and Hungary(since 2009),Romania(since 2005)and Slovenia(since 2004)Croatia,Cyprus,Latvia,Malta,Russia,Serbia,Slovakia:data not availableSource:EFPIA member associations-(e):EFPIA estimateEMPLOYMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
52、(1990-2021)EMPLOYMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL R&D(1990-2021)2020200052000,0000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000500,879499,482556,506636,684701,059746,873835,590840,000(e)2020200001995199020,000040,00060,00080,000100,000120,00076,12682,61888,397100,636116,25
53、3113,163122,3312021125,000(e)EFPIA Key Data|202214PHARMACEUTICAL SALESPRICE STRUCTUREThe world pharmaceutical(prescription)market was worth an estimated 1,062,707 million($1,256,863 million)at ex-factory prices in 2021.The North American market(USA&Canada)remained the worlds largest market with a 49
54、.1%share,well ahead of Europe,China and Japan.Distribution margins,which are generally fixed by governments,and VAT rates differ significantly from country to country in Europe.On average,approximately one third of the retail price of a medicine reverts to distributors(pharmacists and wholesalers)an
55、d the State.Note:Europe includes Belarus,Turkey,Russia and Ukraine;percentages might not add up due to roundingSource:IQVIA(MIDAS)Q4 2021 MAT,May 2022;data relate to the 2021 global retail and hospital pharmaceutical market(prescription only)at ex-factory prices.Note:Non-weighted average for Europe(
56、average estimate for 25 countries)Source:EFPIA member associationsBREAKDOWN OF THE WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET 2021 SALESBREAKDOWN OF THE RETAIL PRICE OF A MEDICINE,2020(%)66.8%Manufacturer17.4%Pharmacist5.2%Wholesaler10.6%State(VAT and other taxes)North America(USA,Canada)Europe49.1%23.4%Japan6.1%C
57、hina9.4%Africa,Asia*&Australia*Excluding China&Japan8.4%3.7%AmericaLatin 15PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET VALUE(at exfactory prices)Graph 17Graph 18Breakdown of the world pharmaceutical market 2014 salesBreakdown of the retail price of a medicine,2013(%)Latin America4.7%66.1%Manufacturer19.2%Pharmacist4.9%Wh
58、olesaler9.8%State(VAT and other taxes)Africa,Asia&Australia*Excluding Japan16.6%EFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 4,827Belgium 6,303Bulgaria 1,414Croatia 1,036Cyprus 177Czech Rep.3,389Denmark 3,243Estonia 359Finland 2,762France 29,552Germany 42,962Greece 5,381Hungary 2,558Iceland 183Ireland 2,354Ita
59、ly 23,446Latvia 275Lithuania 866Malta 196Netherlands 6,185Norway 2,597Poland 7,239Portugal 3,524Romania 4,500Russia 18,398Serbia 871Slovakia 1,461Slovenia 743Spain 17,604Sweden 4,570Switzerland 5,920Turkey 6,626U.K.24,569 TOTAL 236,090 Note:Medicinal products as defined by Directive 2001/83/ECCyprus
60、,Denmark,Finland,Iceland,Latvia,Lithuania,Norway,Russia,Slovenia,Sweden:pharmaceutical market value at pharmacy purchasing prices Belgium,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Norway,Spain,United Kingdom:estimateSource:EFPIA member associations(official figures);Latvia:IQVIA;Cyprus,Malta:2019 data The figure
61、s above are for pharmaceutical sales,at ex-factory prices,through all distribution channels(pharmacies,hospitals,dispensing doctors,supermarkets,etc.),whether dispensed on prescription or at the patients request.Sales of veterinary medicines are excluded.EFPIA Key Data|202216VAT RATES APPLICABLE TO
62、MEDICINESThe table below shows the VAT rates applied to medicines in European countries as of 1 January 2022.Country Standard VAT rate(%)VAT rates applied to medicines Prescription(%)OTC(%)Austria 20,0 10,0 10,0 Belgium 21,0 6,0 6,0 Bulgaria 20,0 20,0 20,0 Croatia 25,0 5,0 5,0 Cyprus 19,0 5,0 5,0 Cz
63、ech Rep.21,0 10,0 10,0 Denmark 25,0 25,0 25,0 Estonia 20,0 9,0 9,0 Finland 24,0 10,0 10,0 France(1)20,0 2,1 10,0 Germany 19,0 19,0 19,0 Greece 24,0 6,0 6,0-13,0 Hungary 27,0 5,0 5,0 Iceland 24,0 24,0 24,0 Ireland(2)23,0 0-23,0 0-23,0Italy 22,0 10,0 10,0 Latvia 21,0 12,0 12,0 Lithuania(3)21,0 5,0 21,
64、0 Luxembourg 17,0 3,0 3,0 Malta 18,0 0,0 0,0 Netherlands 21,0 9,0 9,0 Norway 25,0 25,0 25,0 Poland 23,0 8,0 8,0 Portugal 23,0 6,0 6,0 Romania 19,0 9,0 19,0 Russia 20,0 10,0 10,0 Serbia 20,0 10,0 10,0 Slovakia 20,0 10,0 20,0 Slovenia 22,0 9,5 9,5 Spain 21,0 4,0 4,0 Sweden 25,0 0,0 25,0 Switzerland 7,
65、7 2,5 2,5 Turkey 18,0 8,0 8,0 U.K.(4)20,0 0-20,0 20,0(1)France:reimbursable medicines 2.1%;non-reimbursable medicines 10.0%(2)Ireland:oral medication 0%;other medication 23%(3)Lithuania:reimbursable medicines 5.0%;non-reimbursable medicines 21.0%(4)U.K.:0%for prescription medicines dispensed in the
66、Community;20%for prescription medicines consumed in the hospital setting17GENERICSThe term generic is widely used but its definition is not always consistent between countries.Generics are usually produced by a manufacturer who is not the inventor of the original product,and are marketed when intell
67、ectual property protection rights are exhausted.Note:Croatia,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Ireland,Hungary,Slovenia,U.K.:share of generics in pharmacy market salesAustria,Belgium,France,Germany,Greece,Italy,Netherlands,Portugal,Spain:share of generics in reimbursable pharmacy market salesBu
68、lgaria,Latvia,Lithuania,Norway,Poland,Romania,Russia,Serbia,Slovakia,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey:share of generics in total market salesLatvia:2019 data;Cyprus,Iceland,Malta:data not available France:data relate only to those active substances listed on the official list of medicinesDefinition:generic
69、 means a medicine based on an active substance that is out of patent and which is marketed under a different name from that of the original branded medicine.Source:EFPIA member associationsSHARE(ESTIMATE-IN%)ACCOUNTED FOR BY GENERICS IN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SALES VALUE(AT EX-FACTORY PRICES),20200%1
70、0%20%30%40%50%60%49.0Austria16.6Belgium37.0Bulgaria39.0Croatia26.0Czech Republic35.5Denmark20.9Estonia23.0Finland19.5France23.0Germany26.0Greece36.8Hungary17.2Ireland67.6Italy44.0Latvia22.5Netherlands22.5Norway24.0Lithuania58.0Poland22.9Portugal21.0Romania31.6 Russia23.2Slovenia39.6Serbia19.2Slovaki
71、a23.4Sweden22.2Spain13.7Switzerland28.0U.K.28.8Turkey70%80%EFPIA Key Data|202218PHARMACEUTICAL EXPORTSEFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 11,941Belgium 56,210Bulgaria 1,054Croatia 1,052Cyprus 381Czech Republic 2,965Denmark 18,529Estonia 95Finland 833France 34,065Germany 87,203Greece 2,883Hungary 6,739
72、Iceland 12Ireland 62,092Italy 33,112Latvia 456Lithuania 874Luxembourg 132Malta 367Netherlands 45,000Norway 680 Poland 4,377Portugal 1,378Romania 895Slovakia 541Slovenia 7,062Spain 12,709Sweden 10,897Switzerland 81,899Turkey 1,497United Kingdom 21,898 TOTAL 509,828 Note:All data based on SITC 54Sourc
73、e:Eurostat(COMEXT database May 2022)Iceland:OECD;Norway:LMI;Switzerland:Swiss Federal Customs Administration;Turkey:Turkish Statistical Institute19PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTSEFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 9,561Belgium 46,261Bulgaria 1,532Croatia 1,637Cyprus 356Czech Republic 5,314Denmark 4,940Estonia
74、565Finland 2,112France 28,974Germany 58,817Greece 3,227Hungary 5,875Iceland 163Ireland 9,223Italy 28,051Latvia 681Lithuania 1,292Luxembourg 500Malta 288Netherlands 30,650Norway 2,112Poland 7,818Portugal 3,039Romania 3,803Slovakia 2,172Slovenia 5,259Spain 15,938Sweden 4,805Switzerland 34,624Turkey 4,
75、626United Kingdom 22,909 TOTAL 347,124 Note:All data based on SITC 54Source:Eurostat(COMEXT database May 2022)Iceland:OECD;Norway:LMI;Switzerland:Swiss Federal Customs Administration;Turkey:Turkish Statistical InstituteEFPIA Key Data|202220PHARMACEUTICAL TRADE BALANCEEFPIA 2020 million millionAustri
76、a 2,380Belgium 9,949Bulgaria-478Croatia-585Cyprus 25Czech Republic-2,349Denmark 13,589Estonia-470Finland-1,279France 5,091Germany 28,386Greece-344Hungary 864Iceland-151Ireland 52,869Italy 5,061Latvia-225Lithuania-418Luxembourg-368Malta 79Netherlands 14,350Norway-1,432Poland-3,441Portugal-1,661Romani
77、a-2,908Slovakia-1,631Slovenia 1,803Spain-3,229Sweden 6,092Switzerland 47,275Turkey-3,129United Kingdom-1,011 TOTAL 162,704 Note:All data based on SITC 54Source:Eurostat(COMEXT database May 2022)Norway:LMI;Russia:Clifar Import/Export,2019;Switzerland:Swiss Federal Customs Administration;Turkey:Turkis
78、h Statistical InstituteGraph 25Graph 24EU-28 trade balance-High technology sectors(million)-2014The European Unions top 5 pharmaceutical trading partners-2014EU exports10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,000055,33733,611-60,000-50,000-40,000-30,000-20,000-10,000-45,320-44,4972,98018,135SITC 54 Pharmace
79、utical productsSITC 71 Power generating machinery and equipmentSITC 75 Office machines and computersSITC 76 Telecommunication,sound,TV,videoSITC 77 Electrical machinerySITC 87 Professional,scientific,controlling materialSINGAPORE4.1%INDIA2.1%21China6.0%8.3%Switzerland36.4%11.8%EU exportsEU exports30
80、.2%32.2%USAOthers13.9%38.1%Japan4.9%-U.K.7.0%8.0%Singapore3.2%-EU importsEU imports-52,308-29,78023,768SITC 54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products SITC 71 Power generating machinery and equipment SITC 75 Office machines and automatic data processing machinesSITC 76 Telecommunications,sound-recordi
81、ng and reproducing apparatus and equipmentSITC 77 Electrical machinery,apparatus and appliancesSITC 87 Professional,scientific and controlling instruments and apparatus-70,000-60,000-50,000-40,000-30,000-20,000-10,000010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000120,000130,000
82、140,000-65,58717,319135,633Source:Eurostat,COMEXT database,May 2022Source:Eurostat,COMEXT database,May 2022EU-27 TRADE BALANCE-HIGH TECHNOLOGY SECTORS(MILLION)-2021THE EUROPEAN UNIONS TOP 5 PHARMACEUTICAL TRADING PARTNERS-2021EFPIA Key Data|202222TOTAL SPENDING(PUBLIC AND PRIVATE)ON HEALTHCARE AS A
83、PERCENTAGE OF GDP AT MARKET PRICES Country 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2020 Austria 7.0 7.7 9.2 10.2 10.4 11.5Belgium 6.2 7.1 8.0 10.2 10.4 10.7Czech Republic-3.7 5.7 6.9 7.2 9.1Denmark 8.4 8.0 8.1 10.3 10.2 10.6Estonia-5.2 6.3 6.3 8.1Finland 5.9 7.3 7.1 9.1 9.6 9.6France 6.8 8.0 9.6 11.2 11.4 12.4Germ
84、any 8.1 8.0 9.9 11.1 11.2 12.5Greece-6.1 7.2 9.6 8.1 7.8Hungary-6.8 7.5 6.9 6.4Iceland 5.9 7.4 8.9 8.4 8.1 9.8Ireland 7.5 5.6 5.9 10.5 7.3 7.2Italy-7.0 7.6 8.9 8.9 9.7Latvia-5.4 6.1 5.7 6.6Lithuania-6.2 6.8 6.5 7.6Luxembourg 4.6 5.1 5.9 7.0 5.3 5.4Netherlands 6.5 7.0 7.7 10.2 10.3 11.2Norway 5.4 7.1
85、 7.7 8.9 10.1 11.3Poland-4.3 5.3 6.4 6.4 7.2Portugal 4.8 5.5 8.6 10.0 9.3 10.1Slovakia-5.3 7.7 6.8 7.7Slovenia-7.8 8.6 8.5 9.7Spain 5.0 6.1 6.8 9.1 9.1 9.1Sweden 7.7 7.2 7.3 8.3 10.8 11.4Switzerland 6.4 7.6 9.1 9.9 11.0 11.3Turkey 2.4 2.4 4.6 5.1 4.1 4.3United Kingdom 5.1 5.1 7.2 9.8 9.9 12.8Europe
86、6.1 6.4 7.2 8.7 8.5 9.3USA 8.2 11.2 12.5 16.3 16.5 16.8Japan 6.2 5.8 7.2 9.2 10.9 11.0Note:Europe:non-weighted average(27 countries)EFPIA calculationsSource:OECD Health Statistics 2020,May 202223PAYMENT FOR PHARMACEUTICALS BY COMPULSORY HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMS AND NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES(ambulator
87、y care only)EFPIA 2020 million millionAustria 3,144Belgium 5,201Bulgaria 430Croatia 382Cyprus 108Czech Rep.1,314Denmark 886Estonia 165Finland 1,635France 24,725Germany 43,294Greece 2,001Hungary 1,046Iceland 82Ireland 1,931Italy 7,530Latvia 170Lithuania 362Malta 138Netherlands 3,315Norway 1,138Poland
88、 2,112Portugal 1,359Romania 3,110Russia 1,500Serbia 280Slovakia 1,354Slovenia 368Spain 11,077Sweden 2,654Switzerland 5,809Turkey 5,969U.K.12,091 TOTAL 146,680 Note:Latvia:2019 data;Cyprus:2018 data;Croatia:2016 dataFrance,Ireland,Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,U.K.:estimateSource:EFPIA member association
89、s(official figures)EFPIA Key Data|202224MAIN CAUSES OF CANCER MORTALITY ACROSS OECD,BY SEX,2019Source:Health at a Glance 2021,OECD Indicators,OECD,pages 89&9331%21%19%14%8%7%27%8%36%9%20%CancerInjuriesCirculatory system diseasesAlchol and drugs effectsDiabetes and other endocrine diseasesRespiratory
90、 systemOthersMAIN CAUSES OF AVOIDABLE MORTALITY ACROSS OECD COUNTRIES,2019PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF MORTALITY1,917,107 premature deathsTREATABLE CAUSES OF MORTALITY1,084,441 premature deaths17.2%14.6%11.2%7.9%4.3%3.7%LungBreastColorectialPancreasStomachOvaryLiverCervix uteriLeukemiaBladderMelanoma of sk
91、inProstate4.8%3.3%2.0%1.7%1.0%24.1%10.7%6.7%5.8%3.8%3.5%9.7%1.2%5.8%Source:OECD Health Statistics 2021.WOMENMEN25THE ADDED VALUE OF MEDICINES IN HEALTHCAREMedicines constitute the smallest part of healthcare costs with,on average,18.6%of total health expenditure in Europe being spent on pharmaceutic
92、als and other medical goods.In costly diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis,medicines account for even less than 20%of the total disease costs.Medicines can also generate additional savings,for example by substantially reducing costs in other areas of healthcare,including hospital stays a
93、nd long-term care costs.Source:OECD Health Statistics 2021,May 2022 EFPIA calculations(non-weighted average for 26 EU&EFTA countries)*Treatment duration,INF=interferon;Source:PhRMA,Prescription Medicines:International Costs in Context(2017)BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE 2019CHRONOLO
94、GY OF HEPATITIS C TREATMENT(1999-2015)Outpatient care&others18.6%40.9%40.5%In-patient care(hospital)Medical goods(including pharmaceuticals)Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver transplants and the reason liver cancer is on the rise1st generation(1999-2010)Interferon and ribavarin injection48 we
95、eks*2nd generation(2011-2013)Protease inhibitors w/IFN injection24-28 weeks*3rd generation(2013-2014)Polymerase inhibitors w/IFN injection12 weeks*4th generation(2014-2015)Oral combination therapies8-12 weeks*+133%41%cure rate63-80%cure rate90%cure rate95-96%cure rateImproved tolerance and ease of t
96、reatment26EFPIA Key Data|2022EFPIA MEMBER ASSOCIATIONSASSOCIATIONS WITH LIAISON STATUSAustria Fachverband der Chemischen Industrie sterreichs(FCIO)Belgium Association Gnrale de lIndustrie du Mdicament(pharma.be)Denmark LaegemiddelindustriforeningenThe Danish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industr
97、y(Lif)Finland Lketeollisuus ryPharma Industry Finland(PIF)France Les Entreprises du Mdicament(LEEM)Germany Verband Forschender Arzneimittelhersteller(VfA)Greece Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Companies(SFEE)Ireland Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare Association(IPHA)Italy Associazione delle Imp
98、rese del Farmaco(Farmindustria)Netherlands Vereniging Innovatieve GeneesmiddelenNorway LegemiddelindustrienNorwegian Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers(LMI)Poland Employers Union of Innovative Pharmaceutical Companies(Infarma)Portugal Associao Portuguesa da Indstria Farmacutica(Apifarma)Rus
99、sia Association of International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers(AIPM)Spain Asociacin Nacional Empresarial de la Industria Farmacutica(Farmaindustria)Sweden LkemedelsindustrifreningenThe Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry(LIF)Switzerland Verband der forschenden pharmazeutischen Firmen d
100、er Schweiz(Interpharma)Turkey Arastirmaci Ilac Firmalari Dernegi(AIFD)United Kingdom The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry(ABPI)Bosnia-Herzegovina:Association of Research-based Medicine Producers(UIPL)Bulgaria:Association of Research-based Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Bulgaria(AR
101、PharM)Croatia:Innovative Pharmaceutical Initiative(iF!)Cyprus:Cyprus Association of Pharmaceutical Companies(KEFEA)Czech Republic:Association of Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry(AIFP)Estonia:Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Estonia(APME)Hungary:Association of Innovative Pharmaceutica
102、l Manufacturers(AIPM)Iceland:Icelandic Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry(FRUMTK)Latvia:Association of International Research-based Pharmaceutical Manufacturers(SIFFA)Lithuania:The Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry Association(IFPA)Luxembourg:Innovative Medicines for Luxembourg(IML)Malta:Ma
103、ltese Pharmaceutical Association(PRIMA)North Macedonia:Association of Foreign Innovative Pharmaceutical Manufacturers(HOBA)Romania:Association of International Medicines Manufacturers(ARPIM)Serbia:Innovative Drug Manufacturers Association(INOVIA)Slovakia:Slovak Association of Innovative Pharmaceutic
104、al Industry(AIFP)Slovenia:Forum of International Research and Development Pharmaceutical Industries(EIG)Ukraine:Association of Pharmaceutical Research and Development(APRaD)27MEMBER COMPANIES Full MembersAbbVieAlmirall AmgenAstellasAstraZenecaBayer BiogenBoehringer IngelheimBristol-Myers Squibb Chie
105、siDaiichi-Sankyo GileadGlaxoSmithKline GrnenthalIpsen Johnson&JohnsonLEO PharmaLilly MenariniMerckMerck Sharp&Dohme(MSD)Novartis Novo Nordisk Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanofi Servier TakedaTeva UCB Affiliate MembersBial Eisai LundbeckOtsuka Rovi StallergenesVifor Pharma Small&Medium-Sized Enterprise
106、s(SMEs)AC ImmuneAiCurisAM PharmaByondisDa VolterraENYO PharmaIdorsiaImcyseGenfitKuste BiopharmaLysogeneMinoryxOasmiaPolyphorProQRSpero TherapeuticsTransgeneEFPIALeopold Plaza Building Rue du Trne 108 B1050 Brussels BelgiumTel.:+32(0)2 626 25 55www.efpia.eu infoefpia.euFurther details about the Feder
107、ation and its activities can be obtained from:EFPIA(The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations)represents the research-based pharmaceutical industry operating in Europe.Founded in 1978,its members comprise 37 national pharmaceutical industry associations,38 leading pharmac
108、eutical companies and 17 small and medium sized enterprises undertaking research,development and manufacturing of medicinal products in Europe for human use.EFPIA aims to create an environment that enables its members to innovate,discover,develop and deliver new therapies and vaccines for people acr
109、oss Europe,as well as contribute to the European economy.EFPIAs vision is for a healthier future for Europe.A future based on prevention,innovation,access to new treatments and better outcomes for patients.Through its membership,EFPIA represents the common views of about 1,900 large,medium and small
110、 companies including the entire European research-based pharmaceutical sector whose interests also include a significant part of the generics and biosimilars segments.Vaccines Europe(VE)is the specialised vaccine industry group within EFPIA.It represents major innovative research-based global vaccine companies as well as small and medium sized enterprises operating in Europe.