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1、CLEAN ENERGYAUSTRALIAREPORT 2023CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME2ACCELERATEINVEST EXPLOREEnergy transition is speeding up.Harness the momentum with MinterEllison:your end-to-end renewable energy advisor.Contents Introduction.1About us.52022 snapshot.7Industry outlook,small scale.13Indu
2、stry outlook,large scale.15Federal politics and state targets.19Employment.23Renewables for business.27International update.31Electricity prices.33Transmission.35Energy reliability.39Tech profiles.42Battery storage.44Bioenergy.46Hydro and pumped hydro.48Hydrogen.50Rooftop solar(small scale).53Solar(
3、medium scale).58Solar(large scale).60Wind.65We.respectfully.acknowledge.Aboriginal.and.Torres.Strait.Islander.people.as.the.Traditional.Custodians.of.the.lands.and.waters.on.which.we.work.and.live.Wmit.to.collaborate.with.First.Nmunities,.to.promote.sustainable.practice,.protect.ancient.sites.and.cu
4、lture.with.equitable.access.to.the.benefits.of.clean.energy.Sovereignty.has.never.been.ceded.We.acknowledge.Elders,.past.and.present,.and.their.continuing.culture.and.connection.to.Country.Clean.Energy.Council,.April.2023Cover.image:.Matt.Harvey:.Ocean.Grove,.RACV.SolarCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT
5、2023SECTION NAME4The energy transition is for everyone.sonnen has 13 years of experience in manufacturing innovative home battery storage solutions and more than 100,000 systems installed globally.We are committed to the renewable energy transition.Hear what our customers have to say:CLEAN ENERGY AU
6、STRALIA REPORT 20231We transitioned into 2023 with a mixed report card for renewables in 2022,with some key metrics down on the previous year,but overall with a sense of positivity that there are plenty of opportunities for growth.More than 5 GW of new renewable capacity were installed in 2022(2.7 G
7、W from rooftop solar and 2.3 GW from large-scale projects),down from 6.3 GW in 2021.While the rooftop solar rollout slowed slightly due to supply chain and workforce constraints,its great to see rooftop solar continuing to drive Australias clean energy transition.It also reached a significant milest
8、one,accounting for more than a quarter of Australias total renewable generation for the first time.The large-scale sector underperformed by some metrics compared to 2021,but nevertheless,the Australian renewable energy industry commenced construction on over 5000 MW of wind and solar farms in 2022 t
9、he highest year for new renewable construction commitments on record.There were also encouraging signs on the large-scale investment front,even if its too early to consider those signs a trend.A more supportive set of government policies at federal and state level provides cause for optimism,even th
10、ough as an industry we need to quicken the pace of development in order to reach our renewable targets.Much of my positivity for the future comes from a more favourable political landscape for renewables combined with genuine business leadership.We saw a sea change in Australian politics in August,w
11、ith a resounding Labor victory in the federal election.Climate change and the clean energy transition became areas of genuine focus,with sensible and ambitious policies following quickly.It feels like the political landscape is finally getting behind clean energy,rather than trying to find ways to c
12、ling to the fossil fuels of the past.Australia is back was the clear message to the global community,with a heightened commitment to our goal to become a clean energy superpower.It was fitting that in early 2023,it was announced that Adelaide would be hosting the Australian International Renewable E
13、nergy Conference(AusIREC)in 2024.The Clean Energy Council,alongside REN21,the Australian Government and the South Australian Government,will ensure the event the first time an International Renewable Energy Conference has been held in Oceania will put Australia at the forefront of the global push fo
14、r clean energy.If the developments and progress we saw in renewables in 2021 signalled the inevitability of Australias clean energy future,2022 highlighted just how much action and investment is needed to drive towards that future,particularly in light of game-changing international policy announcem
15、ents such as the USs Inflation Reduction Act.The political landscape for renewables changed significantly for the better in 2022,and thats great to see.That success gives us the confidence to confront the myriad challenges that lie ahead as clean energy grows and we prepare a renewables-ready market
16、 and grid,as well as playing catchup reforming the policies of the past.Australia must transition to a clean energy economy quickly,decisively and in the right way,without taking sustained growth for granted.Were looking forward to working with our members and the industry to accelerate the clean en
17、ergy transition.After a stellar 2021,Australias clean energy sector continued to develop albeit more slowly in 2022.While project development and megawatt capacity added were down in some areas,a political sea change saw real momentum build behind the transition to Australias clean energy future.Des
18、pite the global headwinds for energy,were excited about a big year ahead in working to seize Australias full potential to be a green energy powerhouse.INTRODUCTIONKane ThorntonChief Executive CLEAN ENERGY COUNCILCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME2ADVERTISEMENTADVERTISEMENTFortune favours
19、 the.My marketing team wanted to feature the other Garnaut gazing out across a sea of solar farms,with a cheesy tagline.Instead of asking you to look out across an endless sea of solar panels(you know what they look like)that might be built by someone else,by some far off date,Id like you to take on
20、e small step.Sign up to being a 1.5C company.It all starts with this simple ambition to do all you can in keeping with the ambitions of the Paris Agreement.1.ZEN signed up last year.Weve been thriving ever since.Stop selling to customers who dont have a path to being 100%renewable.2.ZEN has.Our cust
21、omer book continues to grow.Keep telling our governments that we need an investment and regulatory landscape thatenables us to build and connect more renewable energy,faster.3.ZEN is.We think theyre listening.The Albanese governments target of 43%by 2030 points us in the right general direction,but
22、we need to go further,faster,if we are to limit warming to 1.5.We must do this.Together.Fortune favours the bold.The sooner we all sign up,the sooner we see energy costs come down,new industries and new jobs rise up,and our energy security improve.And the more we will avoid the economic costs,enviro
23、nmental impact,and social turmoil of unabated climate change.And we can finally tell our kids we listened to them.And they will think were rad.Wont they?Go on,sign up I dare you.Anthony Garnaut(yephes my dad).CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME3High Power Bifacial Module and Intelligent T
24、rackerThe industrys only truly integrated power plant solution from Trina Solar that improves reliability,enhances project returns and lowers risk.For more information&videosJoin our upcoming events or watch the previous webinar in APAC region.Wide range of 210mm ultra-high power modules designed fo
25、r all applicationsCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 20234CLEAN ENERGY COUNCIL 2022 HIGHLIGHTS1000+MembersAdvocated for reform on capacity markets and access and congestionWorked with the Federal Government on establishing Rewiring the Nation campaign Secured Australia as host of the International Renewa
26、ble Energy Conference in Adelaide in 2024Coordinated a diversity and inclusion survey of our membership,a first of its kind in AustraliaRan our Renewables Are Here Now campaignLaunched the NETCC,extending consumer protection to all new energy technologies Led Australias renewable energy delegation t
27、o COP27Published the Skilling the Energy Transition report,laying a path to a skilled,diverse clean energy workforcePublished report on modern slavery in clean energy supply chainsCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 20235The Clean Energy Councils mission is to accelerate Australias clean energy transition
28、.We lead and support the growth of the clean energy industry in Australia by:providing a strong voice for our members standing up for the industry developing and driving effective policy and advocacy working with industry to continually improve standards and maintain integrity working closely with l
29、ocal,state and federal governments to increase demand for clean energy products providing services and initiatives to members and the wider industry that help to grow the sector promoting the clean energy industry.ABOUT USMEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES Figures correct at time of publicationThe Clean Energy C
30、ouncil is the peak body for the renewable energy and energy storage industry in Australia.We represent and work with hundreds of leading businesses operating in solar,wind,hydro,energy storage,hydrogen and emerging technologies,along with more than 8500 solar and battery storage installers.2023 EVEN
31、TS CALENDARAPRIL 20 Sydney Member MixerMAY 4 Australian Wind Industry Summit MELBOURNEJUNE 15 Adelaide Member MixerJULY 18 Women in Renewables Luncheon SYDNEYJULY 1819 Australian Clean Energy Summit SYDNEYSEPT 21 Brisbane Member MixerSEPT 28 Perth Member MixerOCT 25 All Energy Australia MELBOURNEOCT
32、 26 Women in Renewables Luncheon MELBOURNEAPRIL AusIREC ADELAIDE 2024 Network.615TOTAL.1011Emerging technologies.14Sponsoring.18Corporate.183Professional Services.41Associate.140CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME6CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202372022 SNAPSHOTThe Australian renewable en
33、ergy industry accounted for 35.9 per cent of Australias total electricity generation in 2022,up from 32.5 per cent in 2021.This is just over double what was installed before the boom began in 2017(16.9 per cent),so while there is still a significant way to go if Australia is to meet its ambition of
34、82 per cent renewables by 2030,there has nevertheless been encouraging progress.Rooftop solar once again led the charge for Australian renewable energy in terms of capacity added,with 2.7 GW added throughout 2022.Although that figure is down on 3.3 GW from 2021,it still represents the highest contri
35、bution in the renewables sector,and approximately 3.4 million Australian households now have rooftop solar PV systems installed,which is around one in three households.The total number of new rooftop solar installations stood at 310,352,down from 377,408 in 2021.Rooftop solar contributed 25.8 per ce
36、nt of Australias renewable energy generation(up from 24.9 per cent in 2021),the first time it has represented more than a quarter of generation.With 1.4 GW of new capacity added,wind came in second place,also down on its 2021 figure of 1.7 GW.Despite those figures,wind remains Australias most signif
37、icant renewable generation contributor overall(when rooftop and utility-scale solar are considered separately),providing 35.6 per cent of all renewable generation and 12.8 per cent of Australias total energy generation mix.In general,2022 has not been a bumper year for project development,at least i
38、n terms of the number of projects being completed,though the size of projects in terms of capacity and storage is trending upwards.Two new wind farms in Victoria became fully operational in 2022:Stockyard Hill(531 MW)and Moorabool(312 MW).Victoria has been the leading state for wind power generation
39、 for some time and continues to lead the way,accounting for around a third(33.7 per cent)of Australias wind generation.As in 2021,the development of the renewable energy sector has reduced the influence of coal.The share of coal in the generation mix fell from 59.1 per cent in 2021 to 54.6 per cent
40、in 2022.However,gas increased its share of the mix in the same period,up from 7.7 per cent in 2021 to 8.9 per cent in 2022.While positive 35.9%Australias electricity generation from renewable sources,2022(2021:32.5%)21,765 GWhNSW renewable energy generation,highest of Australian states2.7 GWRooftop
41、solar capacity added in 2022(2021:3.3 GW)72Large-scale projects under construction or financially committed at the end of 2022(2021:68)Clean energy represents a larger share of Australian energy generation than ever.Growth of rooftop solar slowed slightly,but the sector continued to lead Australias
42、clean energy transition.Although numbers for large-scale completed developments and added capacity are down in some areas,investment figures and positive political sentiment suggest there are plenty of opportunities for growth.Lisa Healy:Rye Park NSW,Tilt RenewablesCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023
43、82022 SNAPSHOTmovements are being made and sentiment towards renewables is improving,there is clearly still a long way to go to bring those numbers down.Tentative positivity for large-scaleOne area where development has risen is large-scale solar.At the end of 2022,48 large-scale developments were u
44、nder construction,up from 42 at the same stage in 2021.While capacity added was down on the previous year(860 MW in 2022 versus 1683 MW in 2021),the larger developments currently under construction should see total generation rise considerably in the coming years.Indeed,large-scale solar recorded it
45、s biggest ever month in December 2022,delivering 1505 GWh of renewable power over the month,compared to the previous high in December 2021.The number of large-scale batteries under construction at the end of 2022 19 was also down on 2021 30 but the approximate combined capacity of those batteries 13
46、80 MW/2004 MWh was significantly up on the same figure from 2021 921 MW/1169 MWh.While the figure for large-scale renewable projects completed in 2022 was down on 2021,the number of projects under construction or financially committed at the end of 2022 stood at 72,up from 66 at the end of 2021.Of t
47、hese projects,48 are solar,and 21 are wind.The remaining three projects are all bioenergy ventures.In 2022,the Australian renewable energy industry commenced construction on over 5,000 MW of wind and solar farms:the highest year for new renewable construction commitments on record1.Meanwhile,the fin
48、al quarter of 2022 saw investment in financially committed generation and storage projects reach$4.29 billion,the second-highest quarterly result since Clean Energy Council data collection began in 2017.Year-to-year investment was also up 17 per cent on 2021,with$6.7 billion in 2022.1 T Edis,RenewEc
49、onomy,https:/.au/more-than-5gw-of-new-wind-and-solar-committed-to-construction-in-record-breaking-2022/2 M Kaka and R Pendlebury,Australian Energy Market Commission,https:/www.aemc.gov.au/turning-point-incentives-invest-residential-batteries#:text=But%2C%20over%20the%20last%207,Australia%20as%20of%2
50、0August%202022.While the outlook would appear positive,a lot more work is needed at government level to encourage the investment and development needed to reach the Federal Governments stated target of 82 per cent renewable energy in the grid by 2030.On the smaller-scale side of things,household bat
51、teries continue to grow in uptake,with estimates suggesting over 50,000 systems were installed in 2022,up from 34,731 in 2021.However,according to the Australian Energy Market Commission,only around 1.6 per cent of households with rooftop solar PV also have an installed battery2.The cost of resident
52、ial batteries is falling,with warranted lifetimes increasing.As time goes by,owning home batteries will become more and more economically viable for households with solar installations.There will be significant implications for the grid,but more battery storage nationwide is a necessary and positive
53、 change.For more information on the various sectors in Australian clean energy,check out our tech profiles from page 43 onwards.A changing landscapeA resounding victory for Labor in the 2022 federal election signalled a fresh chapter in Australian climate politics.While Labors climate agenda was und
54、oubtedly more substantial than the Liberal offering,perhaps the most significant development was the so-called greenslide,which saw a wave of new Greens and teal independent MPs enter Parliament on a platform focused on clean energy and climate change.That greenslide may have forever altered the cou
55、ntrys political landscape.The Labor Government wasted no time legislating Australias target of 43 per cent reduction in emissions by 2030,funding the first projects under its Rewiring the Nation initiative.While new initiatives were being announced,Labor had to deal with CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPOR
56、T 202392022 SNAPSHOTskyrocketing energy prices caused in part by several unavoidable factors such as Russias invasion of Ukraine,which caused coal and gas prices to escalate significantly,and an early start to the Australian winter.Extraordinary and sustained energy prices led the Labor Government t
57、o introduce its Energy Price Relief Plan,which was agreed upon in December.It imposes temporary caps on coal and gas and provide rebates to Australians on low and middle incomes.More information on Australian politics can be found on page 19.Policy makers and manufacturing sectors worldwide were giv
58、en a jolt in August 2022 when the Biden administration passed the Inflation Reduction Act into law.A hugely positive step for the global decarbonisation agenda,the Act made a huge splash globally,allocating at least US$369 billion to clean energy incentives to accelerate the USs clean energy transit
59、ion and revitalise its manufacturing heartlands and domestic supply chains.Before the year was out,we were already seeing reactions from other countries and regions concerned about the implications for retaining and attracting investment for their own markets,and making preparations to match key inc
60、entives within the Act(e.g.Canada),in addition to the EUs proposed Green Deal Industrial Plan.For more on international renewables in 2022,see page 31.For a more detailed rundown of Australian clean energy in 2022,visit the individual sections in this report.64.1%OTHER0.4%MEDIUM-SCALE SOLAR1.4%BIOEN
61、ERGY5%LARGE-SCALE SOLAR7.1%HYDRO POWER12.8%WIND POWER9.3%ROOFTOP SOLARRenewable energy provided 35.9%of Australian electricity generation in 2022,up from 32.5%in 2021CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023102022 SNAPSHOTTechnologyGeneration(MWh)Generation(GWh)Percentage of renewable generationPercentage
62、of total generationEquivalent number of households powered over course of the yearHydro16,536,786 16,537 19.7%7.1%3,598,082 Wind29,891,946 29,892 35.6%12.8%6,503,905 Small-scale solar PV21,726,063 21,726 25.8%9.3%4,727,168 Bioenergy3,181,246 3,181 3.8%1.4%692,177 Medium-scale solar PV979,741 980 1.2
63、%0.4%213,173 Large-scale solar PV11,740,244 11,740 14.0%5.0%2,554,448 TOTAL84,056,027 84,056 100.0%35.9%18,288,953StateTotal generation(GWh)Fossil Fuel Generation(GWh)Total renewable generation(GWh)Penetration of renewables as proportion of generationPenetration of renewables as proportion of consum
64、ptionNSW70,868 49,103 21,765 30.7%28.7%QLD63,833 49,406 14,427 22.6%23.3%SA13,826 3942 9884 71.5%68.4%TAS10,931 95 10,836 99.1%93.3%VIC53,794 33,973 19,820 36.8%40.0%WA20,790 13,467 7324 35.2%35.2%NATIONAL (Excl.NT and minor grids)234,042 149,986 84,056 35.9%35.9%Renewable energy generation by fuel
65、typeRenewable energy penetration by state as proportion of generationRenewable energy penetration by state100%0%50%25%75%99.1%TASMANIA71.5%SOUTH AUSTRALIA36.8%VICTORIA35.2%WESTERN AUSTRALIA30.7%NEW SOUTH WALES22.6%QUEENSLANDFootnote:Electricity generation is measured prior to transmission and auxill
66、iary losses.Excludes off-grid and remote grid power suppliesCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023112022 SNAPSHOTInvestment in and capacity of large-scale renewable energy projects Projects currently at financial commitment or under construction(2017 to 31 December 2022)Renewable energy projects complet
67、ed in 2022TechStateProjectLead Operator-OwnerCapacity(MW)WindVICStockyard Hill Wind FarmGoldwind Australia 531.9WindVICMoorabool Wind FarmGoldwind Australia 312WindSAPort Augusta Wind Farm(PAREP1)Iberdola Australia210SolarNSWSuntop Solar FarmCalEnergy Resources150SolarQLDBlue Grass Solar FarmX-ELIO1
68、48WindVICYendon Wind FarmLal Lal Wind Farms Consortium144.4SolarNSWMetz Solar FarmFotowatio Renewable Ventures115SolarNSWGunnedah Solar FarmCalEnergy Resources110SolarNSWHillston Sun FarmAMP Energy110WindNSWBiala Wind Farm(Gullen Range)Goldwind Australia 110SolarNSWSebastopol Solar FarmFotowatio Ren
69、ewable Ventures90WindSALincoln Gap Wind Farm Stage 2Nexif86SolarNSWWagga Wagga North Solar FarmMetka EGN30SolarNSWJunee Solar FarmMetka EGN30SolarNSWCorowa Solar FarmMetka EGN27SolarWAGryuere Solar FarmAPA Group13.6Wind-SolarWAShark Lake Renewable Energy HubHorizon Power-Pacific Energy12.6SolarNTBat
70、chelor Pell Solar FarmMerricks Capital10WindVICDiapur wind FarmBayWa R.E.8.4Solar-BiomassVICMcCain Ballarat Hybrid PlantSolar Bay/McCain Foods8.2WAPROJECT COUNT5INVESTMENT(AUD)$620MCAPACITY(MW)330NTPROJECT COUNT1INVESTMENT(AUD)$45MCAPACITY(MW)35SAPROJECT COUNT5INVESTMENT(AUD)$1.2BNCAPACITY(MW)1161QL
71、DPROJECT COUNT9INVESTMENT(AUD)$4.9BNCAPACITY(MW)2431NSWPROJECT COUNT15INVESTMENT(AUD)$2.8BNCAPACITY(MW)3816VICPROJECT COUNT10INVESTMENT(AUD)$2.8BNCAPACITY(MW)835TASPROJECT COUNT0INVESTMENT(AUD)$0CAPACITY(MW)0TOTAL PROJECTS45TOTAL INVESTMENT(AUD)12.4BNTOTAL CAPACITY(MW)8609CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPO
72、RT 2023SECTION NAME12“Rooftop solar led the charge for Australian renewable energy in terms of capacity added,with 2.7 GW”CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202313INDUSTRY OUTLOOK:SMALL-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGYWhile growth in rooftop solar slowed compared to 2021,2022 marked the first time the sector provi
73、ded more than a quarter(25.8 per cent)of total Australian renewable generation a huge milestone.New capacity added totalled 2.7 GW from 310,352 new rooftop solar installations.Both of those figures are down on 2021,when 3.3 GW was added from 377,408 new installations.The dip was likely due to a comb
74、ination of factors,including increasing prices around the middle of the year,unusually poor weather in many states,and supply chain issues.As energy prices skyrocketed throughout the year,driven by external factors relating to fossil fuels,such as the war in Ukraine,there was renewed interesting in
75、solar installations as a way of offsetting high electricity prices.Although the total number of installed systems was down on 2021,rooftop solar once again led the charge for Australian renewable energy in terms of capacity added,surpassing the 2.3 GW added by large-scale projects.In 2021,every stat
76、e and territory except the Northern Territory set new records for installed capacity.In 2022,all states except ACT and Tasmania fell below their 2021 levels.Although these numbers fell,the average size of installed solar systems continued its trend of increasing year-on-year,rising from 8.79 kW in 2
77、021 to 8.84 kW in 2022.The household battery segment,meanwhile,continued to grow in uptake,with estimates suggesting over 50,000 systems were installed in 2022,up from 34,731 in 2021.That said,only a fraction(1.6 per cent)of solar PV households have a battery system installed.The cost of batteries i
78、s falling,and warranted lifetimes are increasing,which should help grow battery uptake,especially as more solar PV systems are installed.By the end of 2022,1577 companies were participating in the Clean Energy Councils Approved Solar Retailer program,an increase of 121(8 per cent)on the previous yea
79、r.The Clean Energy Council continued its rigorous compliance activity in 2022,opening 399 cases against Approved Solar Retailers,of which 91 resulted in compliance action.These actions are vital in maintaining the programs integrity and ensuring that Australian consumers purchase from a retailer com
80、mitted to a high level of service and industry best practice.In February 2023,the Clean Energy Council,alongside a group of other peak and industry bodies,launched the New Energy Tech Consumer Code(NETCC).NETCC replaced the Approved Solar Retailer program to expand the coverage of consumer protectio
81、ns beyond just solar and storage,aiming to build on that programs success and ensure more Australian homes and businesses can access clean,affordable,new energy tech from trusted companies.The number of Clean Energy Council accredited individuals(installers and designers)now sits at 8988,having pass
82、ed 8000 for the first time in 2021.While there has been a slight decrease in the number of accredited installers in NT and WA,at a national level,the total number of accredited individuals has grown steadily for seven years.Rooftop solar growth slowed in 2022 after impressive growth in recent years,
83、but still accounts for more than a quarter(25.8 per cent)of total Australian renewable generation for the first time.On the battery storage front,there are still only a tiny fraction of solar PV households with battery installations.However,battery prices are coming down and growth is likely to foll
84、ow.310,352rooftop solar installations in 2022(2021:377,408)2.7 GWrooftop solar capacity added in 2022(2021:3.3 GW)50,000+household battery systems installed in 2022(2021:34,731)Yulara Solar Farm,NT,ARENACLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME14“In 2022,construction commenced on over 5000 MW o
85、f wind and solar farms the highest year for new renewable construction commitments on record”CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202315INDUSTRY OUTLOOK:LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGYThe large-scale renewable energy industry added 2257 MW of new capacity in 2022 across 20 completed projects.Both the capacity
86、 added and the number of projects are down on 2021,when 27 projects contributed 2955 MW of renewable capacity.In 2021,although the number of projects had fallen since the previous year,there was still more capacity added than in 2020 thanks to the completion of some of Australias largest wind and so
87、lar projects.Now that there are broadly supportive policies in place at federal and state levels around the country,we expect to see a resurgence of large-scale projects in 2023 and beyond.Of the 20 projects completed in 2022,11 were solar farms and seven were wind farms.The remaining two are the Sh
88、ark Lake combined solar-wind project and the McCain Ballarant hybrid solar-biomass plant.As in 2021,the wind sector contributed the highest amount of new large-scale capacity,with approximately 1411 MW.Large-scale solar was not too far behind at 860 MW.The largest completed wind project was the Stoc
89、kyard Hill Wind Farm in Victoria,at 532 MW,while the largest solar project completed was the Suntop Solar Farm in Queensland,at 150 MW.Meanwhile,72 projects were under construction at the end of 2022,up from 66 at the end of 2021.Of these projects,48 are solar,and 21 are wind.The remaining three pro
90、jects are all bioenergy ventures.The combined capacity of these 72 projects is approximately 9.5 GW.Wind was once again the leader in renewable energy generation in 2022.With 35.6 per cent of total renewable generation,wind led the pack ahead of rooftop solar(25.8 per cent)and hydro(19.7 per cent).L
91、arge-scale solar,meanwhile,contributed 14 per cent.However,when combined,rooftop and utility-scale solar made solar the leader in generation.As with many of the large-scale renewable sectors,battery storage experienced something of a dip in 2022,with 19 large-scale batteries under construction at th
92、e end of the year,compared to 30 at the same point in 2021.However,the outlook for battery storage is positive,as steady uptake of solar PV at rooftop and large-scale levels,combined with more supportive policy conditions and expected large-scale battery cost reductions,will bring up demand.The larg
93、est battery systems under construction at the end of 2022 included the Torrens Island Battery at 250 MW capacity and the Western Downs Green Power Hub at 200 MW capacity.For the third year in a row,hydropower generation increased in Australia:up to 16,537 GWh from 16,128 GWh in 2021.In terms of pump
94、ed hydro energy storage,the 250 MW capacity Kidston Pumped Storage Hydro Project in Queensland is likely to be one of the next pumped hydro projects up and running,expected to be operational in 2024.Although hydro power is one of the most mature forms of renewable generation,and there are a number o
95、f potential locations around Australia to take advantage of it,there remain only three pumped hydro projects operating While added capacity and number of projects added are down on 2021,levels of large-scale investment towards the end of 2022,combined with new supportive policies at federal and stat
96、e levels,suggest there could be growth on the horizon.2257 MWof large-scale capacity added in 2022(2021:2,955 MW)20large-scale renewable projects completed in 2022(2021:27)1380 MW2004 MWhapproximate combined capacity of large-scale batteries under construction at end of 2022(2021:921 MW/1169 MWh)Hyb
97、rid renewable power station,Jabiru NT,EDLCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202316INDUSTRY OUTLOOK:LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGYin the country.For more information on some of the most significant projects under development,see page 48.The bioenergy sector continues to develop and play a useful,if relative
98、ly small,role in energy generation.A year on from the release of Australias Bioenergy Roadmap by former Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction Angus Taylor,there is continued interest and investment.In 2022,3.8 per cent of clean energy was generated via bioenergy.Positive signs but more neededA
99、lthough project numbers in some areas are down on 2021 and added capacity has not risen in all large-scale sectors,there are reasons to be positive on the outlook for the large-scale renewables.In 2022,the Australian renewable energy industry commenced construction on over 5000 MW 1 T.Edis,.RenewEco
100、nomy,.https:/.au/more-than-5gw-of-new-wind-and-solar-committed-to-construction-in-record-breaking-2022/of wind and solar farms the highest year for new renewable construction commitments on record1.Year-to-year investment in the clean energy industry rose 17 per cent from 2021,standing at$6.7 billio
101、n in 2022.The final quarter of 2022 saw investment in financially committed generation and storage projects reach$4.29 billion,the second-highest quarterly result since Clean Energy Council data collection began in 2017.Despite positive signs on the development front in terms of commenced constructi
102、on and early signs that investment may be picking up,large-scale investment is currently coming online more slowly than required to meet the Governments forecast of 82 per cent renewables in the electricity sector by 2030.CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202317INDUSTRY OUTLOOK:LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENE
103、RGYFOCUS ON:CONNECTION REFORM INITIATIVE The Clean Energy Councils joint work on the Connection Reform Initiative(CRI)continued apace in 2022.For those new to CRI,this collaborative effort with the Australian Energy Market Operator(AEMO)seeks to make the process of connecting new plants fit for mode
104、rn purposes.That means achieving three high-level objectives:1.Developing a consistent and predictable connections process that delivers repeatable outcomes;2.Reducing the amount of re-work and improving efficiency and quality of information to address information asymmetry;and 3.Creating a collabor
105、ative working model between industry,AEMO and the network service providers(NSP).Work in 2022 focused on the reform area Improving Investor Certainty during the registration process for new generation plants,specifically during the R1 phase between project commitment and receiving revenue.Workshops
106、were held with Clean Energy Council members,investors,and experts from KPMG to gain deeper insights into the key problems they encounter with the current registration process.Those problem areas are:1.Silence in the rules regarding technical specifications required to demonstrate that a new plant wi
107、ll or will not cause or worsen a system security risk and which party is responsible for demonstrating they are met.2.Lack of clear guidance for final connection assessment regarding criteria and requirements.3.No specified process for reviewing AEMO and NSP decisions.4.Inflexibility for AEMO and NS
108、Ps to provide conditional registration approval where applicants can resolve“immaterial”issuesThe Clean Energy Council and KPMG team built on the CRIs analysis of these challenges,working to develop a proposed change to the national electricity rules that would standardise the assessment process so
109、that it provides enhanced certainty for investors.The draft rule change request focuses on six areas of reform:1.Creating certainty around time frames for AEMO and NSP decisions;2.Increasing transparency in decision-making;3.Allowing for conditional approval of R1 models,where this will not pose a m
110、aterial risk to system security or operability;4.Allowing networks to identify and procure the lowest-cost solutions to address any significant issues identified,where this is due to changes in the power system beyond the control of the connecting party;5.Introducing a connections-application specif
111、ic dispute resolution process;and6.Creating a materiality threshold process,which would help identify changes between connection application modelling and R1,where those changes are unlikely to have a material impact on the power system and can therefore be resolved at a later point in time.Key elem
112、ents of the proposed rule change requestTime bound decisionsThe.rule.change.seeks.to.set.the.R1.process.in.the.NER.As.part.of.this.NSPs.are.required,.on.the.advice.of.AEMO.where.relevant,.to.make.a.time.defined.decision.on.an.applicants.Rpliance.with.the.negotiated.connection.agreement.Network can p
113、rocure security servicesAllow.NSPs.to.procure.services.from.any.provider,.including.the.applicant,.in.response.to.system.security/grid.issues.identified.in.the.R1.model.without.holding.up.the.registration.process.Transparency in decision makingRequire.NSPs,.on.the.advice.of.AEMO.where.relevant,.to.d
114、emonstrate.reasons.why.to.reject.applicant.R1.modelling.and.assessment.Dispute resolutionIntroducing.a.additional.dispute.resolution.process.where.the.NSP.raises.a.concern.with.R1.application.that.allows.for.facilitated.discussions.with.all.parties.participating.in.good.faith.This.is.to.encourage.co
115、llaboration.on.addressing.the.problem.Materiality allowanceCreate.the.possibility.of.a.materiality.to.be.applied.to.the.assessment.of.the.Rwork.security.to.be.proceed.If.the.Applicants.performance.is.within.materiality.threshold,plaint,.with.performance.standards.being.updated.accordingly.Conditions
116、 approvalFpliance.with.its.performance.standards.by.NSPs.to.enable.registration,.conditional.on.the.applicant.making.subsequent.setting.or.design.changes.by.a.date.set.by.AEMO.(missioning).This.would.only.apply.to.minor.issues.which.can.easily.be.resolved.at.a.later.date.and.therefore.should.not.unr
117、easonably.delay.registration.CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202318Some of Labors clean energy spending promises(Oct 2022 Budget)$25bn clean energy spendingINCLUDING:$20bn fund providing low-cost finance to expand and modernise the electricity grid$1.9bn to create new clean energy industries across re
118、gional Australia$500m to build charging infrastructure to support the uptake of electric vehicles$224m to support installation of community batteries$102m to help apartments and low-income households get access to solar“The wave of Greens and teal independent MPs entering Parliament focused on clean
119、 energy may have forever altered the countrys political landscape”CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202319FEDERAL AND STATE POLITICSThe federal election dominated politics in 2022,with political debate stuck in a loop of pre-election speculation in the early months of the year as everyone waited for the
120、 election to be called.When Prime Minister Scott Morrison called the election in April,it set a frantic and sometimes bruising six-week campaign in motion.Climate and energy were downplayed during the campaign,despite being identified as some of the most important issues to voters in the leadup to e
121、lection day.While this was partly due to the cost-of-living bombshells that dropped during the campaign including increases in inflation,interest rates and wholesale electricity prices the major parties also actively avoided the issue as both saw it as a potential weakness.Come election night,the Au
122、stralian public sent a clear message that they were ready for change and fed up with the climate inaction and infighting of the past two decades,delivering the Labor party a resounding victory and installing Anthony Albanese as Australias 31st Prime Minister.However,perhaps the biggest development w
123、as the so-called greenslide,which saw a wave of new Greens and teal independent MPs enter Parliament on a platform focused on clean energy and climate change.This new phenomenon in Australian politics may have forever altered the countrys political landscape.1 Prime Minister of Australia,media relea
124、se,pm.gov.au/media/australia-legislates-emissions-reduction-targets2 Department of Climate Change,Energy,the Environment and Water,energy.gov.au/news-media/news/rewiring-nation-supports-its-first-two-transmission-projects3 M Foley,The Sydney Morning Herald,.au/politics/federal/record-boost-to-clean-
125、energy-spend-as-global-crunch-looms-20221023-p5bs40.htmlPromised change and rising pricesThe newly elected Albanese Government wasted no time in re-establishing Australias climate credentials,legislating its target of a 43 per cent reduction in emissions by 20301,funding the first projects under its
126、 Rewiring the Nation initiative2 and taking a leading role at COP27 in Egypt.However,the monumental scale of the task ahead hit home just two weeks after the governments election win.The energy market descended into chaos as coal outages and high gas prices primarily caused by international events s
127、uch as the war in Ukraine sent wholesale prices skyrocketing.The government attempted to address these issues in its first budget in October,which committed$25 billion to clean energy spending.This included$500 million to encourage the uptake of electric vehicles,$1.9 billion to encourage regional c
128、ommunities and businesses to switch to cleaner energy,$224 million to support the installation of community batteries and$102 million for solar installations on apartments and low-income households3.Those measures were added to in December when the Governments Energy Price Relief Plan was agreed upo
129、n,imposing temporary caps on coal and gas and providing rebates to Australians on low and middle incomes.A resounding Labor victory in the federal election signalled a fresh chapter in Australian climate politics as the newly elected government wasted no time putting Australia back on the path to ne
130、t-zero by 2050.However,the Albanese Government faced its fair share of hurdles in its first six months in power as rising electricity prices wreaked havoc on the electricity system and energy bills.Clean Energy Council CEO Kane Thornton watches on as Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Energy Minist
131、er Chris Bowen sign the Nationally Determined Contribution to a 43%cut in emissions by 2030.Mieka White:Collector Wind Farm NSW,RATCH RenewablesCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202320STATE TARGETS AND COMMITMENTSNew South Wales Halve emissions by 2030 Net zero by 2050 NSW Electricity Strategy includes$
132、8 billion of new private investment over the next decade Almost 200 large-scale renewable energy projects totalling almost 35,400 MW in the NSW planning system,representing almost$50 billion in investmentQueensland Queensland Energy and Jobs Plan,released Sept 2022,targets 70 per cent renewable ener
133、gy by 2032 and 80 per cent by 2050$145 million Queensland Renewable Energy Zones initiative Investing$22 million to investigate constructing a 2 GW pumped hydro energy storage facility at Borumba DamTasmania 150 per cent renewable electricity generation by 2030 200 per cent renewable electricity gen
134、eration by 2040 Net zero emissions by 2030South Australia 100 per cent renewables by 2030 Hydrogen Jobs Plan to lead construction of hydrogen power station,electrolyser and storage facility by end of 2025 Hydrogen Action Plan:$40 million in grants and loans to three megawatt-scale renewable hydrogen
135、 projectsCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202321FEDERAL AND STATE POLITICSVictoria 50 per cent renewable electricity generation by 2030 Stated ambition to legislate for 95 per cent renewable electricity generation by 2035 At least 6.3 GW of energy storage by 2035 By mid-2030s,electric vehicle use to in
136、crease by more than 1600 per centWestern Australia 80 per cent state asset emissions reduction target by 2030 Approx.$3.8 billion to be invested in green power infrastructure$22.5 million commitment to help streamline approvals for green energy proposalsAustralian Capital Territory Aim to move compl
137、etely away from gas usage by 2045 Net zero by 2045 Integrated Energy Plan is in development to set out how ACT will move away from fossil fuelsNorthern Territory 50 per cent renewable electricity generation by 2030 Net zero emissions by 2050CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME22CLEAN ENERG
138、Y AUSTRALIA REPORT 202323EMPLOYMENTClean energy workforce demands already outstrip supply and will rapidly increase this decade.As confirmed in several 2022 publications,most jobs will be in regional areas.Without intervention,the industry will likely face greater shortfalls in capacity,leading to d
139、elays and increased capital costs for projects1.At the same time,there is ongoing uncertainty around continued inflation and the risk of a recession.Unemployment remains low on average(though high in some regions),while state governments further tighten the labour market with infrastructure projects
140、 that compete for the same workers.Ambitious state-based local content and workforce requirements in public clean energy processes and announcements of public ownership in new renewable energy developments also increase workforce pressures.The Federal Government is keenly aware of these challenges.A
141、s promised in its election platform,the Albanese Government has taken immediate steps to boost the attraction and retention of the clean energy workforce.This included legislating new industrial relations laws,enacting a 43 per cent emissions reduction target,and convening a Jobs and Skills Summit i
142、n which clean energy held a flagship focus.The Jobs and Skills Summit provided the stage for the Clean Energy Council to release its Skilling the Energy Transition report,summarising the enduring challenges experienced by the clean energy workforce and making six key recommendations for change:1.Cal
143、ibrate higher education to meet the clean energy industries interests.2.Anticipate clean energy workforce needs.1 Net Zero Australia,Employment Impacts,https:/.au/employment-impacts-aug-2022 Race for 30,https:/.au/fast-track-reports Construction Skills Queenslan,https:/www.csq.org.au/renewables 3.Ra
144、ise the profile of working in clean energy as an opportunity for all Australians.4.Establish a Transition Authority.5.Enhance the VET sectors capacity to understand and meet demands of industry.6.Raise the international profile of Australia as a centre of clean energy expertise.Accompanying the repo
145、rt,the Clean Energy Council also released the online Clean Energy Careers Guide,which aims to demystify the clean energy sector for prospective workers and provide information about education requirements.The guide identifies in-demand roles,grouped by technology,occupation,and pathway.The Federal G
146、overnment committed to and subsequently launched the Australian Energy Employment Report(AEER)in line with the Clean Energy Councils second recommendation on anticipating workforce demands.This is a national survey of businesses and organisations in the Australian energy sector to address a persiste
147、nt data gap concerning energy sector jobs,skills,and occupations and how these jobs change over time.A new entity,Jobs and Skills Australia,has been commissioned to undertake a capacity study of the Australian workforce needed to transition to a clean energy economy.The capacity study and the AEER w
148、ill provide critical evidence and insights to support the workforce planning and policy development needed to build a strong and vibrant clean energy sector.Responding to Clean Energy Council advocacy,the rooftop solar and small-scale renewables sector also experienced a major review of vocational t
149、raining.The changes aim to raise standards,address The new government promises change for the clean energy workforce,while global headwinds indicate intensifying competition for investment and workers.Hybrid renewable power station,Jabiru NT,EDLCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202324WOMEN REPRESENTATIO
150、N39%of Australian clean energy workforce50%of Australian workforce32%representation in renewables globallyBY AGE(clean energy workforce)46%of those under 40 are women33%over those over 40 are womenABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER REPRESENTATION0.8%of Australian clean energy workforce3.3%of Aust
151、ralian populationDISABILITY AND DISADVANTAGE AT WORK3%of Australia clean energy workforce 18%of Australian populationEMPLOYMENTjob shortages,and better equip the industry for modern energy demands.They represent the first comprehensive upgrade to training in the sector in over 10 years.Looking forwa
152、rd to 2023,industrial relations legislation passed in late 2022,and newly established vocational education and training governance frameworks increase the need for employers to understand exactly what qualifications and skills are needed to support the sector in its growth trajectory.The energy tran
153、sition challenge will not be met without skilled migration.Although the Federal Government is reviewing and reforming skilled migration policies to facilitate the employment of international workers,foreign policies such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and the European Union Commissions Green Deal
154、 Industrial Plan will heighten competition for global talent.Good talent will be mobile;we need a compelling case to lure them to Australia.Diversity and inclusion in renewablesIn 2021,the Clean Energy Council launched the report,Empowering Everyone:Diversity in the Australian Clean Energy Sector.So
155、me of the highlights from that report are found below.If youre interested in the full report,visit our website at cleanenergycouncil.org.auEnergy is an essential service,meaning customers are all Australians and Australian communities.On a fundamental level,our workplaces should reflect and respect
156、the ideals and perspectives of our customers.On a practical level,businesses with inclusive practices and high levels of diversity are more successful,boasting higher profits and performance and tending to have fewer safety incidents.Research by the Diversity Council of Australia shows that diverse
157、and inclusive organisations are three times more likely to be effective,five times more likely to be innovative and three times more likely to provide excellent customer service.When employees feel valued and connected at work,they are five times more likely to be satisfied with their job and three
158、times less likely to leave.Employers that are known to be inclusive and have employees that are empowered to bring their authentic self to work tend to attract a larger pool of highly skilled and capable talent.In the context of a growing industry with concerns around skills shortages,expanding the
159、talent pool is critical.What the industry needs to work onWhile representation of women is generally encouraging,it decreases at the higher echelons,suggesting women may be being overlooked for promotion.Organisational culture starts at the top,which is where more women are needed.Participation of w
160、omen is very low in the trades.This is not unique to clean energy,but we can work with relevant stakeholders to help improve the attractiveness and retention of women in the trades.EMPLOYMENTThe sector already struggles to recruit enough engineers and electricians,and this challenge is only likely t
161、o increase over the next decade.If we are to meet this challenge,we need to invest more in recruiting and training young workers graduating from university or in apprenticeships.There is scope to bolster Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander employment across all parts of the industry in both blue-c
162、ollar and white-collar roles.This should be considered in close collaboration and consultation with Indigenous groups.More research and information is needed on why the rate of disability is so low in the workforce and how employers can better accommodate employees with mental or physical disabiliti
163、es.We also need to address and eliminate any culture of sexism or other forms of discrimination in the workplace if we want the clean energy sector to be seen as a first-choice employer.Fostering a culture of inclusionFollowing on from the Empowering Everyone report,in 2022 we launched a survey of o
164、ur members to collect data on how they understand,report on,and promote inclusion and diversity in their organisations.The findings will be used to support our members in promoting greater diversity in their organisations and within the Australian renewable energy sector.In recognition of the enormo
165、us legacy of the late Chloe Munro AO,the Clean Energy Council and a coalition of organisations established the Chloe Munro Scholarship for Transformational Leadership.The scholarship honours Chloes legacy and supports the next wave of women leaders.Building on the success of the inaugural 2021 schol
166、arship,there were 10 recipients in 2022.The scholarship is open to emerging and mid-level women leaders in the fields of renewable energy,energy management and carbon abatement.Successful applicants will receive a fully funded scholarship to undertake one of two courses offered by education provider
167、,Women&Leadership Australia.Briar BlountLegal Counsel IBERDROLA AUSTRALIATaegan CalnanSenior Project OfficerDEPARTMENT OF BIODIVERSITY,CONSERVATION AND ATTRACTIONS,WAMio DartHead of Technical PartnershipsALLUME ENERGYTegan DoblingerQuality ManagerCWP RENEWABLESKim van HattumHead of DevelopmentMINT R
168、ENEWABLESBrittany PistevosInfrastructure Investment AnalysisAUSNET SERVICESLeah PowellArea Coordinator,HYDRO TASMANIAMarnie ShawSenior Research Fellow,THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITYKyungjin YuProject Development ManagerTRINA SOLARMaheshini WeerackoonDirector Connection ServicesLUMEACHLOE MONROE
169、SCHOLARSHIP FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP 2022 RECIPIENTSCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202325CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202326How did you get into the renewable energy industry?After 16 years in the Royal Australian Air Force as a pilot and aeronautical engineer,I moved to California and worked
170、 briefly in the aerospace industry.While the US was a great experience,I wanted to try living and working in Europe as well as work for an industry that was making a difference in the world.Changing industry was not easy given that most of my experience was in leadership and project management roles
171、.Typically,you need to be in a specialist role that transcends industries.Given that I had a background with organisational development,I was hired into a project management role at SieImens Gamesa where I supported the offshore engineering team.I helped teams mature their processes and develop thei
172、r engineers.Within 18 months I was selected as a head of department and was thus able to continue my career in leadership roles.What do you like most about your job/the renewable energy industry?I absolutely love working in an industry that aligns with my values:to leave the world in a better place
173、than we found it.When I first started working in the industry in Denmark,I found that others also embodied these values.My colleagues were passionate,friendly and trying to make a positive difference in whatever scope they had.There was a mentality circulating that even though we might have competit
174、ors in the industry,our real competitors were fossil fuel companies that we had to work together to make a green transition possible.I also love working for an industry that is newer than most other industries.The offshore wind industry has more of a start up feel and for those of us who have experi
175、ence from other industries such as aerospace,oil and gas and construction,we have an opportunity to contribute to its maturation.What have been the biggest challenges for you as a woman working in a male dominated industry?Having worked in three countries(USA,Denmark and Australia),there are cultura
176、l differences everywhere you go.These are not only national cultural differences,but also organisational,gender-or age-specific,and many others.One thing I notice about Australia having spent 10 years overseas is that not many people pay attention to the difference between mens culture vs womens cul
177、ture.The culture here is very blokey.When you are used to a diverse range of working styles,it can be difficult to explain that vision to people who are used to the thinking that comes from a male-dominated culture.For example,there is a hyper-rational culture coming from a lot of men who are engine
178、ers.This approach is good at finding flaws with an idea but fails to take the next step of envisioning how to overcome it.By contrast,I find that womens culture is more nuanced and pre-disposed to listening,and I would even say that the Danes are far more innovative in their engineering,partly becau
179、se they embrace not only the masculine,but also feminine qualities such as listening,collaborating and trusting.Womens culture is not necessarily valued in a technical industry.This requires navigating a set of unofficial rules that results in a lot of unnecessary competition,rather than collaborati
180、ve approaches.Mens culture tends to be based on a hierarchical order,whereas womens culture is based on collaboration.I look forward to the day when we have better gender balance because that typically enhances the good and diminishes the negative qualities of both cultures.What do you think would e
181、ncourage more women to enter the clean energy sector?In my network,I notice that women leave companies that fail to understand the experience of women and thereby fail to support them in their ambitions.To encourage more women to enter the clean energy sector,not only do we need to help women develo
182、p,but also make space for women to step up into positions of influence,by removing barriers and setting particular targets.This means providing a supportive workplace culture that recognises good talent in all its forms,and understands the experience of those who experience barriers.All participants
183、 need to orient towards an inclusive,egalitarian mindset and culture if we want to attract more women.CASE STUDY:WOMEN IN RENEWABLESSatya Tanner CEO/Managing Director LAUTEC AUSTRALIA CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202327RENEWABLES FOR BUSINESSCorporate PPAs were negotiated in 2022 by major corporate
184、s,local government buyer groups and smaller professional service firms.Some of the noteworthy deals in 2022 included:Microsoft and Walla Walla Solar Farm(South Australia),315 MW Anglo-American and Clarke Creek Wind Farm,Blue Grass Solar Farm(Queensland)234 MW BHP and Goyder South,Wind Farm(South Aus
185、tralia),203 MW Apple and Upper Burdekin wind farm(Queensland),164 MW Telstra and Macintyre Wind Farm(Queensland),111 MW Woolworths and Port August Renewable Energy Park(South Australia),38 MWFinancial and sustainability factors well-aligned for PPA growth The extraordinary wholesale market price vol
186、atility in 2022 had mixed impacts on demand for corporate PPAs.There were divergent views on whether the price volatility positively or negatively impacted demand for corporate PPAs in the Business Renewables Centre Australias industry survey and anecdotal feedback from buyers and advisers.For some
187、buyers,crisis management and uncertainty amid the wholesale electricity price spike stalled plans for a PPA.For others,the crisis stimulated a rush to sign a PPA.In the medium-term,memories of the great price spike are likely to support growth in corporate PPAs to reduce exposure to electricity pric
188、es.Notwithstanding market volatility,for the third year running,the major drivers for corporate PPA buyers were renewable energy or emissions targets,corporate social responsibility policies or reputation.The growth in organisations with net-zero targets by 2025 or 2030 will likely solidify this tre
189、nd.Amid market volatility,there is an alignment of financial and sustainability drivers that is likely to underpin ongoing strength in the corporate PPA market.The return of the wholesale PPAWhile in the last couple of years,there had been a marked shift from wholesale PPAs Corporate renewable power
190、 purchase agreements(PPA)reached a new high in 2022.There were 28 renewable PPAs finalised in 2022,directly contracting around 1600 MW the largest volume since the emergence of corporate PPAs in 2016.Figure 1:Corporate PPAs,volume(MW)Content and data supplied by Business Renewables Centre Australia2
191、0222025000CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202328RENEWABLES FOR BUSINESS(contracts-for-difference or derivatives directly between buyers and renewable energy projects)to retail PPAs(PPAs intermediated by retailers between the project and buyer),wholesale PPAs staged a r
192、eturn in 2022.Project volumes were evenly split between wholesale and retail PPAs.The increase in electricity future prices has increased the cost of firming for retail PPAs,improving the relative value of wholesale PPAs as a hedge.There is renewed interest among corporate PPA buyers in negotiating
193、with projects directly.Corporate PPAs with new projects dived in 2022,but the PPA market is broadly healthyUntil the last quarter,there were virtually no corporate PPAs with new projects in 2022.The growth of PPAs with operating projects has been occurring for several years as retailers supply deman
194、d from mid-sized buyers(roughly 5-50 gigawatt hours per annum).However,the decline in corporate PPAs with new projects primarily reflects broader factors shaping the renewable energy market,such as constraints on project supply(e.g.grid connections)and development risks dissuading buyers.Nonetheless
195、,the corporate PPA market appears broadly healthy.Supply was inadequate to meet buyer demand,with advisers describing it as a sellers market as buyers chased a diminishing pool of projects.The corporate PPA market includes a diverse range of buyer and deal sizes,with growth at both ends of the marke
196、t.During 2022,for example,deals under 20 MW totalled just under 100 MW,while deals over 100 MW totalled around 800 MW.As the wave of Federal and State Government programs announced last year scale up,corporate PPAs should continue to be a significant source of demand for large-scale renewable energy
197、.Figure 2:What is the primary driver for buyer interest in corporate renewable PPAs?(Source:BRC-A Industry Survey,2022)Content and data supplied by Business Renewables Centre Australia202020212022Corporate social responsibility goalsReputationGreenhouse emissions or renewable energy targetsGreenhous
198、e emissions or renewable energy targetsElectricity price certainty10%20%30%40%0%CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202329RENEWABLES FOR BUSINESSContent.and.data.supplied.by.Business.Renewables.Centre.Australia.For.more.information,.see.the.full.State.of.the.Market.report.at.businessrenewables.orgFigure 3
199、:Wholesale&retail PPAs,market share(MW),2022(%)(Source:BRC-A PPA Database 2022)46%RETAIL PPAs 202253%WHOLESALE PPAs 2022Figure 4:Corporate PPAs(MW),project stage,by quarter(%)(Source:BRC-A PPA Database 2022)NEWCOMMITEDOPERATINGFigure 5:Number of corporate PPAs,segments by size20 MW2050 MW50100 MW100
200、+MW5003752501250Q1Q2Q3Q4CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME30“In 2022,global energy transition investment matched investment in fossil fuels for the first time”CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202331INTERNATIONALUPDATEAccording to the International Renewable Energy Agency1,renewables account
201、ed for 40 per cent of global installed power capacity by the end of 2022,a year that saw the largest increase in renewable energy capacity to date almost 295 GW were added across the globe.Those are significant numbers,and forecasts from the International Energy Agency2(IEA)suggest that annual addit
202、ions will continue to increase,reaching an estimated total of 460 GW per year by 2027.At that point,the IEA forecasts solar PV and wind will account for 95 per cent of renewable capacity additions.With US$546 billion,China was once again the leader for energy transition investment in 2022,with almos
203、t half of the worlds total spending.The US remained the second-largest funding destination for energy transition technologies,although the European Union(EU)places second if treated as a single bloc3.According to BloombergNEF,global energy transition investment matched investment in fossil fuels for
204、 the first time in 2022(growing by US$261 billion from the previous year),signifying an historic milestone for the international renewables movement.Russias invasion of Ukraine has partially inspired the surge in interest in renewables,as it has demonstrated how essential domestic generation is,both
205、 in 1 International Renewable Energy Agency,Renewable Capacity Statistics 20232 International Energy Agency,Renewables 2022.https:/www.iea.org/reports/renewables-20223 BloombergNEF,Energy Transition Investment Trends 2023.https:/ J Hiller and K Blunt,The Australian Business Review.https:/.au/busines
206、s/the-wall-street-journal/ukraine-war-drives-up-cost-of-wind-solar-power/news-story/c1a25c7fa8e04934c2574c5b0e1d9ea0?btr=7b173bd71b140ec3f82da4083852e086terms of availability and cost.That applies to governments and international bodies as well as individuals:the EU,for example,for whom Russia was t
207、he supplier of 40 per cent of its gas and 27 per cent of its oil before the war began,announced its REPowerEU plan in May 2022,which is aimed at achieving energy independence,as well as accelerating the transition to clean energy.While the movement towards domestic generation has been a huge positiv
208、e to come from a terrible and ongoing tragedy,the war has also negatively affected the supply chain,with prices for commodities such as steel and aluminium rising,as well as transportation costs4.The global outlook appears more positive in the longer term,however.The International Energy Agency(IEA)
209、forecasts that the renewables share of the global power mix will continue to grow,with renewables tipped to become the largest source of electricity generation by 2027,overtaking coal for the first time.The IRA effectIt is impossible to talk about renewables in an international context without menti
210、oning the USs Inflation Reduction Act(IRA),passed into law by the Biden administration in August 2022.Following COP26,and partially as a result of Russias war in Ukraine,countries efforts to transition to clean energy continued apace in 2022,and were accelerated following the passing of the USs wide
211、-ranging Inflation Reduction Act.295 GWApproximate renewable capacity added worldwide in 2022(2021:approx.290 GW)$495BNGlobal investment in renewable energy(USD)(+17%year-on-year)$466BNGlobal investment in electrified vehicles and charging infrastructure(USD)(+54%year-on-year)CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA
212、REPORT 202332INTERNATIONAL UPDATEIt introduces a huge swathe of measures and financial packages aimed at clean energy and climate crisis-battling initiatives,and was a hugely positive development for the global decarbonisation agenda.It also sparked a clean energy investment race,as countries and or
213、ganisations around the globe scrambled to match its scope of ambition.We have already seen responses such as the EUs Green Deal Industrial Plan(which will sit alongside the REPowerEU program)and Canadas announced plans to introduce an investment tax credit for clean hydrogen.There is no question the
214、 IRA was momentous for renewables on the international stage and will no doubt shape the global development of the industry for many years to come.In November 2022,Egypt hosted COP27,which was a mixed bag in terms of developments and didnt land as firmly as 5 World Resources Institute,www.wri.org/in
215、sights/cop27-key-outcomes-un-climate-talks-sharm-el-sheikh#:text=The%20COP27%20climate%20summit%20in,the%20impacts%20of%20climate%20changethe much-anticipated COP26 summit in Glasgow 2021.One of the most significant developments was the creation of a fund5 to aid the most vulnerable countries facing
216、“losses and damage”as a result of climate change,which is something many had been calling for.Elsewhere,the transition away from fossil fuels was again a hot topic,though discussions didnt result in the level of ambition required for meaningful change.The IEA notes that while momentum for the clean
217、energy transition is building,policy and regulatory uncertainties,as well as infrastructure and access issues,are still barriers to progress.Those problems must be overcome,and the drive for energy transformation must continue,if the world is to make the net-zero by 2050 goal look like a realistic a
218、nd achievable target.024681012141.362.401.660.750.890.222.272.502.210.830.500.230.190.200.240.160.180.180.270.432.492.773.093.373.683.753.984.292.992.882.743.053.183.583.523.442.042.162.061.992.051.962.182.371.030.760.941.081.160.830.811.151.160.801.170.821.250.821.370.77Million jobsEvolution of glo
219、bal renewable energy employment by technology,2012-2021(Source:IRENA jobs database)CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202333As anybody living in Australia will know,2022 has been a rollercoaster year for electricity prices.The market has been disrupted by several unavoidable factors such as an early star
220、t to the Australian winter creating higher-than-expected demand,and significant external factors such as Russias invasion of Ukraine,which caused coal and gas prices to skyrocket.In 2021,we saw a significant hike in electricity prices in the winter,and subsequent disruption throughout the rest of th
221、e year,but the first half of 2022 dwarfed even those circumstances.In July,the monthly average National Energy Market(NEM)wholesale electricity price reached a record high of$360/MWh,$23/MWh higher than Junes already astonishing average of$337/MWh.In July,Victoria,South Australia and Tasmania all re
222、corded their highest ever monthly prices,and New South Wales and Queensland their second-highest1.Since those unprecedented times,average electricity prices in the National Energy Market did ease off as the year progressed,1 Australian Energy Market Operator,Quarterly Energy Dynamics Q3 20222 Austra
223、lian Energy Market Operator,Quarterly Energy Dynamics Q4 20223 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission,Inquiry into the National Electricity Market 20224 A Remeikis,The Guardian.https:/ the average wholesale price in the fourth quarter of 2022-$93/MWh-was still significantly higher than at th
224、e same period in 2021,when it was$52/MWh2.Consumers are feeling those wholesale price hikes:customers in New South Wales,South East Queensland and South Australia faced price increases of between 7.2 per cent and 18.3 per cent from 1 July to the end of 2022.For customers in Victoria,that was between
225、 1.2 and 9.2 per cent3.Those extraordinary mid-year prices led the Labor Government to introduce its Energy Price Relief Plan,which was agreed upon in December 2022.It will impose temporary caps on coal and gas and provide rebates to Australians on low and middle incomes.It is a$1.5 billion effort t
226、o try to offset the increasingly out-of-control prices4.Assuming the plan takes effect in the way the government believes it will,Australian energy consumers should start to see prices balancing out mid-way through 2023 and could save around$230 off their annual bill.It was a year of soaring electri
227、city prices and all around market uncertainty,with huge spikes in wholesale prices driven primarily by external factors,ultimately leading to Federal Government intervention.ELECTRICITY PRICES Western Downs Green Power Hub,QLD,NeoenCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME34“The ISP identified
228、the need to build more than 10,000km of new transmission lines to connect consumers to geographically and technologically diverse low-cost generation and firming”CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202335TRANSMISSIONIn June 2022,the final version of the Integrated System Plan(ISP)was published,outlining a
229、n integrated roadmap for the efficient development of the National Electricity Market(NEM)over the decades ahead.The ISP identified the need to build more than 10,000km of new transmission lines to connect consumers to geographically and technologically diverse low-cost generation and firming1.The A
230、ustralian Energy Market Operator(AEMO)identified that,as part of its main forecast for the NEM out to 2050,significant investment was needed to drive a ninefold increase in utility-scale renewable energy capacity,most of this built in coordinated renewable energy zones(REZs).In addition,Australia wo
231、uld need to treble the firming capacity that can respond to a dispatch signal,including utility-scale batteries and pumped hydro storage,to manage the rapid exit of thermal coal generation,noting that there is the potential for 14 GW of thermal coal capacity to exit by 20302.1 Australian Energy Mark
232、et Operator,2022 Integrated System Plan,June 2022,p.15,https:/.au/-/media/files/major-publications/isp/2022/2022-documents/2022-integrated-system-plan-isp.pdf2 AEMO,2022 Integrated System Plan,June 2022,p.9,https:/.au/-/media/files/major-publications/isp/2022/2022-documents/2022-integrated-system-pl
233、an-isp.pdf3 Queensland Government,Queensland Energy and Jobs Plan,September 2022,p.30,https:/www.epw.qld.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0029/32987/queensland-energy-and-jobs-plan.pdfSpecific REZ announcements came out throughout the year.In NSW,EnergyCo formally declared the South-West NSW REZ in Nove
234、mber,followed by the Hunter-Central Coast REZ in December.The Illawarra REZ was declared as the fifth zone in February 2023.In Queensland,the Palaszczuk Government announced plans to build a Super Grid as part of its Energy and Jobs Plan.This plan brings Queensland into the REZ race by announcing th
235、e Northern,Central and Southern Queensland REZ regions.The Queensland Government committed$145 million for transmission upgrades to support the plan3.A key element of this Super Grid will be the Copperstring 2.0 project,which was granted Federal Government approval in September to build a 1100km HVA
236、C transmission network,intended to generate over 3000 MW of renewable generation by connecting Mount Isa,2022 was a positive year for the transmission sector,with projects across the country progressing and positive developments in the regulatory space.Expected energy transition to 2050(Step Change
237、scenario)NOW7 GW205010 GWWhile current mid-merit plantswill all retire within that period.Gas-firedpeaking plantsto increase*203060%2043100%Capacity to be retired by:Coalgenerationto be withdrawn203044 GWNOW16 GW2050141 GWGrid-scale windand solar to increase9-fold2030184 TWhNOW180 TWh2050320 TWhElec
238、tricity usagefrom the gridto nearlydouble203035 GWNOW15 GW205069 GWDistributed solar PVto increase5-fold203015 GWNOW2 GW205061 GW(Batteries,virtual power plants,pumped hydro.)Storage capacity to increase bya factor of 30Source:Australian Energy Market Operators 2022 Integrated System Plan*Degree of
239、increase to be tiny compared to renewables and storageCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202336TRANSMISSIONCloncurry and the North-West Minerals Province to the NEM4.While the project had been privately developed for over a decade,the$5 billion development was acquired by the Queensland Government,with c
240、onstruction set to commence in 2024.Copperstring 2.0 will bring increased connectivity to the clean energy resource-and minerals-rich region of North Queensland,reducing energy prices while also increasing the export capabilities of the Australian critical minerals market.Following AEMOs declaration
241、 of the Marinus Link project as a critical part of the ISP,TasNetworks received Federal,Victorian,and Tasmanian funding for the project in October.TasNetworks intends the project to be delivered in two stages and to be operational by 2028/29 and 2030/31.They expect it to include two 255km HVDC subse
242、a cables,each with 750 MW capacity,to strengthen connectivity between Tasmania and Victoria.With their existing hydro capacity operating the battery of the nation,these connections will further enable Tasmania to grow its renewable export capabilities.The Victoria-NSW Interconnector(VNI West)continu
243、ed progressing through the technical and economic viability assessment phase,with AEMO Victoria Planning(AVP)completing the project assessment draft report in July.Stakeholders raised concerns about the cost-benefit analysis,with several arguing that costs far exceed the benefits.After receiving a M
244、inisterial Order under the National Electricity(Victoria)Act 2005(NEVA)issued by Minister DAmbrosio,Minister for Energy and Resources,AVP had the ability to consider alternate options while prioritising the prompt and cost-effective delivery of the project,providing industry assurance that the proje
245、ct will continue5.To resolve the most contentious 4 Queensland Government,statements.qld.gov.au/statements/973145 AEMO Victoria Planning,.au/-/media/files/electricity/nem/planning_and_forecasting/victorian_transmission/vni-west-rit-t/project-update-6.pdf?la=en6 AEMO Victoria Planning,.au/-/media/fil
246、es/electricity/nem/planning_and_forecasting/victorian_transmission/vni-west-rit-t/vni-west-consultation-report-options-assessment.pdf?la=en7 Project Energy Connect,.au/article.php?id=728 Transgrid,New South Wales Transmission Annual Planning Report 2022,https:/.au/media/jn4klv4s/tgr12164-tapr-2022-v
247、5-4-final.pdfconnection point,a 500 kV double-circuit overhead transmission is now proposed to connect the Western Renewables Link(WRL)at Bulgana,with AVP finding it has the least negative impact of social,cultural,and environmental factors6.Project Energy Connect continues developmentIn NSW,Project
248、 Energy Connect(PEC)continued to meet milestones throughout the year,with the NSW Government approving the NSW-Eastern and NSW-Western sections of the project.Works also began in NSW,with ground broken in Buronga in May.The new 330 kV interconnector will cover 900 km and is expected to be completed
249、by 2025/26,significantly enhancing the ability to share renewable energy between South Australia,Victoria,and New South Wales7.Additionally,the 500 kV Humelink transmission line was approved for early works funding by the Australian Energy Regulator in August.The line will span 360km connecting Wagg
250、a Wagga,Bannaby and Maragle,with three proponents being shortlisted to deliver the work8.The super-highway interconnector is intended to unlock capacity from Snowy Hydro 2.0,while reinforcing transmission on the eastern seaboard by connecting in with project EnergyConnect.Landowners and local commun
251、ity who had been opposing the project welcomed a 200-metre underground corridor being announced as the proposed route in April.CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202337TRANSMISSIONRegulatory developmentsOn.the.regulatory.front,.the.Australian.Energy.Market.Commission.(AEMC).published.the.Stage.2.final.re
252、port.as.part.of.the.Transmission.Planning.and.Investment.Review,.which.proposed.recommendations.to.manage.near-term.uncertainty.and.financeability.AEMC.also.released.a.draft.of.the.Stage.3.report,.zero.Both.reports.focus.on.existing.regulatory.frameworks,.aiming.to.facilitate.timely.and.efficient.de
253、livery.of.transmission.services.In.preparation.for.the.2024.ISP,.in.December.AEMO.published.its.Draft.2023.Inputs,.Assumptions.and.Scenarios.Report,.featuring.a.rebranding.and.recalibrating.of.the.2022.scenarios.to.align.them.with.temperature.increase.targets.as.per.the.Paris.Agreement.This.is.the.f
254、irst.time.that.temperature.increases.have.been.used.to.represent.necessary.transmission.planning.Looking.forward,.with.the.Draft.2024.ISP.expected.to.be.published.in.December.2023,.interested.parties.are.pushing.for.stronger.guidance.on.financeability,.supply.chain,.and.workforce.capabilities.to.bui
255、ld.the.proposed.levels.of.transmission.While.there.was.welcome.progression.in.2022.albeit.slower.than.ideal.of.transmission.projects.and.REZ.developments,.delivering.the.targeted.10,000km.of.transmission.will.require.coordination.among.industry,.government,munities.at.levels.Australia.has.never.seen
256、.before.CLEAN ENERGY COUNCILS RESPONSE TO TRANSMISSION ACCESS REFORMThe Clean Energy Council has led the clean energy industrys response to Transmission Access Reform,leading the way for a better solution to manage congestion.Working closely with government officials and the Energy Security Board(ES
257、B),the Clean Energy Council proposed a practical solution to a longstanding policy impasse.Following years of industry campaigning for a better solution than locational marginal pricing,the Clean Energy Council welcomed the decision by senior officials and the ESB to introduce the Congestion Relief
258、Market(CRM)as a key part of their proposed hybrid model.Representing an innovative solution with broad industry support,the CRM will make better use of existing network capacity by creating opportunities for constrained generators to trade excess or curtailed capacity.It will also create additional
259、revenue streams,reduce spilled energy,and optimise the existing and future transmission network.This outcome highlights the Clean Energy Councils value proposition:leveraging strong relationships with governments and market bodies to ensure the clean energy industrys position is prioritised.CLEAN EN
260、ERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME38CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202339ENERGY RELIABILITYThe warning signs for a challenging year for energy reliability were apparent early in 2022.January saw supply shortages in Queensland as a heatwave pushed demand to record levels while almost 2 GW of coal
261、capacity was offline1.This trend continued over the subsequent months as further unplanned outages at a string of coal-fired power stations put additional strain on the electricity system2.By early May,approximately 30 per cent,or 3.6 GW,of the National Electricity Markets(NEM)total coal generation
262、capacity was offline3 and this rose to 4.6 GW in early June4,plunging the country into an unprecedented energy crisis.The crisis began after significant supply shortfalls were forecast for Queensland and New South Wales in mid-June,sending average weekly wholesale prices soaring to$674/MWh and forci
263、ng the Australian Energy Market Operator(AEMO)to impose a$300/MWh price cap for the first time in Queensland5.These circumstances forced AEMO to take the extraordinary step of suspending the electricity spot market,declaring that 1 G Parkinson,RenewEconomy,.au/car-drives-into-electricity-pole-coalit
264、ion-blames-green-energy-for-ensuing-outage2 G Parkinson,RenewEconomy,.au/vales-point-joins-the-coal-teams-growing-injury-list3 C Packham and A Macdonald-Smith,The Australian Financial Review, Australian Energy Market Operator,Quarterly Energy Dynamics Q2 2022,29 July 2022,.au/-/media/files/major-pub
265、lications/qed/2022/qed-q2-2022.pdf5 G Parkinson,RenewEconomy,.au/aemo-imposes-price-cap-on-queensland-market-amid-supply-crunch6 Australian Energy Market Operator,.au/newsroom/media-release/aemo-suspends-nem-wholesale-marketit had become“impossible to continue operating the spot market while ensurin
266、g a secure and reliable supply of electricity for consumers”6.While a series of external factors,including high gas prices caused by the war in Ukraine,contributed to the market suspension,the root of the problem was the ongoing unreliability of Australias fleet of ageing coal-fired power generators
267、 and an energy market in desperate need of reform.Going forward,the focus should be bringing on more transmission,storage and generation investment,as a way of increasing energy reliability overall.The announcement during the year that several coal-fired generators will retire earlier than previousl
268、y planned has also raised the prospect of a rocky road for energy reliability in the coming years,with reliability gaps forecast for South Australia,Victoria and New South Wales as early as 2023-24 unless anticipated generation,storage and transmission projects are urgently progressed.While AEMO has
269、 stated that there is more than enough new renewable energy generation currently in the pipeline to delay any reliability risks until 2028-29,these projects must be committed now to Energy reliability was a major issue in 2022 as a cascade of unplanned outages at coal-fired power stations caused ene
270、rgy market chaos,culminating in the first-ever suspension of the National Electricity Market.Clean Energy Council staff take a tour of the Victorian Big Battery (Neoen/Tesla/AusNet)CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202340ENERGY RELIABILITYensure that they will be online in time to avert any potential sh
271、ortfalls7.Programs like the Connection Reform Initiative(see page 17),which the Clean Energy Council is working on with AEMO and others,as well as a well-designed capacity investment scheme,will help prevent future issues with energy reliability.SA network connectionsThe reliability of South Austral
272、ias electricity system came under strain in November when severe storms brought down transmission lines and disconnected the state from the NEM,similar to previous disconnections in recent years.With the interconnector to Victoria down,South Australia was unable to export its excess renewable energy
273、,which forced AEMO to curtail large-scale wind 7 Australian Energy Market Operator,.au/-/media/files/electricity/nem/planning_and_forecasting/nem_esoo/2022/2022-electricity-statement-of-opportunities.pdf8 G Parkinson,RenewEconomy,.au/rooftop-solar-switched-off-in-south-australia-as-state-isolated-af
274、ter-storm-damage-to-network9 S Vorrath,One Step Off the Grid,.au/industry-slams-antiquated-brutal-rooftop-solar-switch-off-plan-for-sunshine-stateand solar output and remotely shut off rooftop solar systems to maintain system stability.This was made easier by South Australias efforts to make solar s
275、ystems smarter using inverter technologies and software solutions that give AEMO more visibility of the network8.Batteries also played a significant role in saving SAs electricity network,as they have in the past,especially the Hornsdale power reserve.Disconnection is increasingly becoming a problem
276、 for networks across Australia as the volume of generation from rooftop solar continues to increase.While states such as South Australia and Western Australia have taken a modern,cloud-based approach to this problem,states such as Queensland have adopted a more blunt approach that involves simply tu
277、rning off systems when needed,which may have unintended consequences for customers and the grid9.Lake Echo Power Station refurbishment,Hydro TasmaniaCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME41CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME42CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2023SECTION NAME43TECHNOL
278、OGY PROFILESBattery storage.44Bioenergy.46Hydro and pumped hydro.48Hydrogen.50Rooftop solar(small scale).53Solar(medium scale).58Solar(large scale).60Wind.65CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202344TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:BATTERY STORAGEIn November 2022,Singapore developer Equis was confirmed to jointly deve
279、lop the Melbourne Renewable Energy Hub(previously known as Melton Renewable Energy Hub)with Syncline Energy.The project will be the largest battery energy storage system(BESS)ever deployed in the Asia-Pacific and when completed,will support approximately 1200 MW of renewable energy storage1.It will
280、also be the largest BESS connected to Australias National Electricity Market.Construction is slated to begin some time in 2023.In Western Australia,Neoen has filed documents to develop a 1 GW/4 GWh BESS,providing system security for the South West Interconnected System,the states main energy grid.Th
281、e construction schedule looks likely to be protracted,spanning up to 10 years.Nineteen large-scale batteries were under construction at the end of 2022 totalling approximately 1380 MW/2004 MWh of capacity,the largest being the 250 MW/250 MWh Torrens Island Battery in South Australia and the 200 MW/4
282、00 MWh Western Downs Green Power Hub in Queensland.Meanwhile,the current largest battery 1 J Thompson,Energy Magazine,https:/.au/australias-largest-ever-1200mw-battery-storage-system-to-be-built-in-melbourne/2 G Parkinsown,RenewEconomy,https:/.au/queenslands-biggest-grid-battery-reaches-full-operati
283、on-after-year-of-testing/3 D Carroll,PV Magazine,https:/www.pv- Queensland the 100 MW/150 MWh Wandoan South battery commenced full commercial operations after nearly a year of testing.The projects suggest the Queensland Governments declared“battery blitz”may well be in full effect2.The figure of 19
284、large-scale batteries in development is down on 30 at this point last year,though the combined capacity of those projects is actually higher than in 2021.The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)believes battery storage systems will see an acceleration in uptake around
285、2025,based on current trends and the need for cost reductions to become widely available.However,their immediate outlook for the sector is still broadly positive,based on the logic that the uptake of solar PV has been steadily increasing,and solar PV uptake will increase the demand for batteries.The
286、 Federal Governments$176 million funding injection3 into battery storage an effort to stabilise and balance the grid is likely to have a significant effect on the large-scale battery storage sector,and we will probably see capacity and development pick up in the years to come.Although the number of
287、large-scale batteries under construction is down on 2021,there are several substantial projects in development around Australia,supported by federal policies,suggesting battery storage will grow significantly in the years to come.Lisa Healy:Rye Park NSW,Tilt RenewablesCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 2
288、02345TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:BATTERY STORAGE19Large-scale batteries under construction at end of 2022(2021:30)1380 MW2004 MWhApproximate combined capacity of large-scale batteries under construction at end of 2022(2021:921 MW/1169 MWh)The eight projects set to receive that funding scheduled to be operat
289、ional by 2025 will triple the national grids battery storage capacity.Data from the Australian Energy Council(AEC)suggests that the Albanese Governments measures are contributing to an uptick in the number of battery storage projects proposed and committed.In August 2022,for example,seven battery st
290、orage projects were committed in Australia,for a total capacity of 140 MW.In January 2023,that figure had risen to nine projects committed,for a total of 468 MW4.On the smaller-scale side of things,household batteries continue to grow in uptake,with estimates suggesting over 4 Australian Energy Coun
291、cil.Solar Report Q4 20225 M Kaka and R Pendlebury,Australian Energy Market Commission,https:/www.aemc.gov.au/turning-point-incentives-invest-residential-batteries#:text=But%2C%20over%20the%20last%207,Australia%20as%20of%20August%20202250,000 systems were installed in 2022,up from 34,731 in 2021.Howe
292、ver,only a fraction of solar households have batteries installed.According to the Australian Energy Market Commission,only around 1.6 per cent of households with rooftop solar PV,also have an installed battery5.The cost of residential batteries is falling,with warranted lifetimes increasing.As time
293、goes by,owning home batteries will become more and more economically viable for households with solar installations.There will be significant implications for the grid,but more battery storage nationwide is a necessary and positive change.Five biggest large-scale battery systems under construction a
294、t end of 2022Owner:AGL EnergySize:250MW/250MWhOwner:Western Downs Green Power Hub Pty LtdSize:200MW/400MWhOwner:EngieSize:150MW/150MWhOwner:NeoenSize:100MW/200MWhOwner:CS Energy100MW/200MwhSATorrens Island BatteryQLDWestern Downs Green Power HubVICHazlewood Battery Energy Storage SystemQLDChinchilla
295、 BESSACTCapital Battery250MW200MW150MW100MW50MW0MW Capital Battery construction,ACT,NeoenCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202346TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:BIOENERGYA year on from the release of Australias Bioenergy Roadmap by former Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction Angus Taylor,there is continued i
296、nterest and investment in bioenergy and steps toward the sector playing a useful role in the nations energy market.The roadmap focused on areas where bioenergy has a comparative advantage and complements other low emissions technologies,including renewable industrial heat generation,sustainable avia
297、tion fuels(SAF)and biomethane grid injection.Leading industry association Bioenergy Australias CEO Shahana McKenzie said bioenergy has great potential to supply these sectors with appropriate backing.“We could be providing 23 per cent of Australias domestic gas consumption with biogas,and 18 per cen
298、t of our domestic aviation with sustainable jet fuel by 2030,as well as providing 33 per cent of Australias industrial heat,”McKenzie said.Domestic SAF production received attention with the Federal Government including the establishment of a SAF Council in the 2022 Budget and the Queensland Governm
299、ent backing a$500 million SAF biorefinery in Gladstone.Industry has also made progress,with Qantas moving to invest$50 million towards the establishment of a local SAF industry in Australia and the Sustainable Fuels Coalition Program.Bioenergy Australia continues to advocate for biomethane grid inje
300、ction to leverage the existing gas network in Australia and certification to incentivise industry to make the switch.The Australian Renewable Energy Agency is co-funding Australias first biomethane-to-gas-network project to demonstrate how carbon-neutral biomethane can be used successfully.The Bioen
301、ergy Roadmap estimated that continued uptake of bioenergy would see$10 billion added to Australias GDP by 2030,as well as 26,200 full-time jobs created,significant emissions reductions,fuel security and waste reduction.Investment,innovation and interest in Australias bioenergy sector rose steadily t
302、hroughout 2022,and it is anticipated that trajectory will continue as government and industry approach their renewable energy targets.2022 saw increased acknowledgement of the role of bioenergy in achieving the Federal Governments commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43 per cent by 2030,
303、with funding announcements,key research developments and new large-scale projects.Copy provided by Bioenergy Australia3.8%of total clean electricity generated in Australia in 2022(2021:4.3%)1.4%of total electricity generation in Australia in 2022(2021:1.4%)CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202347TECHNOL
304、OGY PROFILES:BIOENERGYNotable bioenergy projects and announcements made in 2022 include:INDUSTRY INNOVATION Qantas launched the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Coalition program MicroBioGens new Australian laboratory opened as a world-leading biotechnology hub Emissions Reduction Fund method for biomethan
305、e launched Jan 2022 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Commonweatlth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation launched the Towards Net Zero Mission with initial allocation of$90 million for research and development Lendlease using renewable diesel to power tower cranes on site,reducing greenhouse gas e
306、missions from crane operations by up to 90 per cent BusTech builds two state-of-the-art bioethanol-fuelled buses to be rolled out on the Mackay bus networkFUNDING ANNOUNCEMENTS Federal Budget announced a Jet Zero-style council to encourage emissions reduction in the aviation industry Government comm
307、its funding to Gaia EnviroTech for establishment of Anaerobic Digestion for organic waste Government committed$5 million to Licella for development of military grade biofuel Victorian Government launched$10 million Waste to Energy Bioenergy Fund The bioenergy industry worked closely with the Clean E
308、nergy Regulator in developing an Emissions Reduction Fund method for biomethane,released in early 2022 NEW PROJECTS Victorian Government announced$19.3 million for two bioenergy projects from its Energy Innovation Fund Gladstone selected as the location for a new$500 million renewable biodiesel and
309、sustainable aviation fuel biorefinery MicroBioGen opens new biofuels laboratory facilities in SydneyCopy provided by Bioenergy AustraliaCLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202348TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:HYDRO&PUMPED HYDROAlthough hydropowers overall contribution to Australias renewable energy mix(as a percenta
310、ge of renewable generation)fell for the fourth year in a row,that is more due to other sectors thriving than hydropower falling away.For the third year in a row,total hydropower generation increased up to 16,537 GWh from 16,128 GWh in 2021 and its contribution to overall electricity generation in Au
311、stralia rose from 7 per cent in 2021 to 7.1 per cent.Progress is being made on Genex Powers Kidston Pumped Storage Hydro Project in Queensland,with 120 workers getting underway building the Wises Dam,the projects upper reservoir.The 250MW project is the first pumped hydro project to be built in Aust
312、ralia in over 40 years and is expected to be ready to generate power in 2024.Unfortunately,the bad news continued for Snowy 2.0,which was to be a leading pumped-hydro battery in the Kosciuszko National Park.Announced in 2017,it was 1 G Parkinson,RenewEconomy,https:/.au/collapse-of-contractor-puts-qu
313、estion-mark-over-giant-snowy-2-0-project/originally scheduled to be completed in 2021,but has been held back by drastically underestimated costs and a host of other issues,including one of the partners in the deal,Clough Engineering,being placed in administration after its Italian partner We Build p
314、ulled out1.The Federal Government has pledged to provide additional equity to Snowy 2.0 to help it reach completion,although that is likely to be some years away.As part of its announced support for the pumped hydro industry,the Federal Government has also partnered with the Tasmanian Government to
315、expedite the 1,500 MW second Tasmanian interconnector,known as Marinus Link,through to a final investment decision by 2024.Marinus Link is a proposed electricity and telecommunications interconnector between Tasmania and Victoria,aimed at enabling the flow of electricity in both directions between t
316、he two states,delivering low-cost clean energy.Hydros contribution to Australias total renewable generation fell in 2022 for the fourth consecutive year,although overall hydro generation was up 2.5 per cent.16,537 GWhHydropower generation(2021:16,128 GWh)+2.5%Annual increase in hydropower generation
317、(2021:+10%)CLEAN ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202349TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:HYDRO&PUMPED HYDRO200002219,243.55.4%8.2%14,555 14,046.17,747.13,331.17,002 14,166 14,638 16,128 16,537 45.9%40.1%42.3%34.6%35.2%25.7%23.3%21.6%19.7%6.2%5.9%7.3%5.9%7.5%6.2%6.4%7.0%7.1%YEARGeneration(
318、GWh)Contribution to renewablesContribution to total electricityHydropower contribution to Australian electricity generationIn last years report,we noted that the Queensland Government had committed$22 million for design and cost analysis for a 1-2 GW pumped hydro project at the Borumba Dam.In Februa
319、ry 2022,ground investigations and geotechnical testing began on that project which,if completed,would be capable of powering up to 2 million homes.In August 2022,the Queensland Government committed a further$203.5 million in new funding($273.5 million in total)to Borumba Dam and a newly-announced pr
320、oject:the Pioneer-Burkedin Pumped Hydro.This project would be located 70km west of Mackay and 5 GW,making it bigger than Snowy 2.0 and the worlds largest pumped hydro scheme.The Queensland Government intends for this project to be delivered by 2035.Although hydro power is one of the most mature form
321、s of renewable generation,and there are plenty of potential locations around Australia to take advantage of it,there remain only three pumped hydro projects operating in Australia.There is acknowledgement at Federal and State levels that pumped hydro should be part of the energy mix going forward,bu
322、t development needs to proceed at pace to make it a significant contributor to Australias clean energy transformation.19.7%of total clean electricity generated in Australia in 2022(2021:21.6%)7.1%of total electricity generation in Australia in 2022(2021:7%)Trevallyn Power Station,Hydro TasmaniaCLEAN
323、 ENERGY AUSTRALIA REPORT 202350TECHNOLOGY PROFILES:HYDROGENIn late 2022,Rystad Energy ranked Australia as number one in the world in terms of green hydrogen production announcements,thanks in large part to the number of mega-scale green hydrogen export projects proposed for development,many of which
324、 are based in Western Australia.The massive potential of Australias nascent hydrogen sector featured strongly in the 2022 federal election,with the Morrisson Government using the platform to announce the successful recipients of funding under its Clean Hydrogen Industrial Hubs program,awarding$525 m
325、illion for hubs in the Pilbara,Perth,Darwin,Gladstone,Hunter Valley,Port Bonython and Bell Bay.Both the Morrisson Government and Labor made an election commitment to support a further hub at Townsville.A change of government at the South Australia state election in March brought with it a promise to
326、 build Australias first green hydrogen power station,following a key announcement by the Labor party in the leadup to the election.The 200 MW power station is slated to be built in Whyalla and will include a 250 MW electrolyser and a hydrogen storage facility1.Since the election,the SA Government ha
327、s received has received 29 proposals to build the states hydrogen power plant,production and storage facilities in Whyalla by December 20252.In May,the Western Australia(WA)Government announced it would investigate the introduction of a Renewable Hydrogen Target in the state.The proposed 1 HyResourc
328、e,South Australian Government Hydrogen Facility,15 September 2022,research.csiro.au/hyresource/south-australian-government-hydrogen-facility2 Government of South Australia,www.premier.sa.gov.au/media-releases/news-items/strong-global-interest-for-sas-hydrogen-jobs-plan3 WA Government,Renewable Hydro
329、gen Target to be investigated,16 May 2022,wa.gov.au/government/announcements/renewable-hydrogen-target-be-investigated4 HyResource,Denham Hydrogen Demonstration Plant,17 November 2022,research.csiro.au/hyresource/denham-hydrogen-demonstration-planttarget would see electricity retailers in the South
330、West Interconnected System be required to procure 1 per cent of electricity generation from renewable hydrogen sources to create a local market to support emerging hydrogen projects and provide grid stability services3.While planning is still ongoing,the target is expected to begin operation in 2024
331、.WA also made progress on trials during the year to assess the feasibility of making hydrogen a part of the states future energy infrastructure.In November,the town of Denham became the first in Australia to use hydrogen made from renewable energy for electricity generation.The pilot program uses el
332、ectricity generated from a 700 kW solar farm to produce hydrogen in two 174 kW electrolysers,which is then fed into a fuel cell to create enough energy to meet approximately a quarter of the towns energy needs.While the project is small in scale,it will save 140,000 litres of diesel and provides an
333、insight into some of the exciting potential uses for hydrogen4.The project is slated to be completed in early 2023.The private sector also upped its commitment to Australias developing renewable hydrogen industry in 2022,with several big players buying into the emerging sector and others increasing their commitments.In June,British oil and gas company BP announced that it had purchased a 40.5 per