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1、CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperJointly produced by CHINT Research Institute for Carbon-Neutral Technology&KEARNEYNETZERO02In recent years,extreme weather has occurred frequently around the world,with melting glaciers,floods raging,and disease outbreaks.Climate change has become an increasingly u
2、rgent real crisis rather than a future challenge.How to promote the harmony between the development of human society and the natural environment has become an epochal matter we have to face.Since the signing of the Paris Agreement,carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have become a global consensus.T
3、he transformation of the energy structure to be green and low-carbon has also become a global trend.Facing challenges like resource shortage,environmental pollution,and climate change,it is necessary to replace fossil energies with renewable energies and establish a new electric power system based o
4、n new energies,to realize the targets of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Driven by global consensus and Chinas top-level design,carbon targets will fundamentally change the operating model of our economy and the related energy consumption pattern.They will also promote the low-carbon transition
5、 of industrial and manufacturing sectors,opening a window of opportunity for the fast growth of energy and power industries.As a result,global economic growth mode will also be reshaped.As a world-renowned solution provider of intelligent energy systems,CHINT proactively contributes to the global vi
6、sion of carbon neutrality.Based on our core business including green energy,intelligent electrics,and intelligent low carbon,we have developed system-atical service capability around“green energy,smart grid,load reduction,and new storage”and built a global cross-sector industry ecosystem of smart en
7、ergy.CHINT is striving to stand as an explorer,advocator,and practitioner in the blue ocean of green and low-carbon development.CHINT has set the carbon reduction goals of realizing carbon neutrality in operations by 2028 and realizing carbon neutrality throughout the whole value chain by 2050.From“
8、one-stop carbon neutral solutions for customers”,to“green development options for the society”and“commitments of sustainable development of human society,CHINT comprehensively plans and deploys the groups carbon reduction strategy and outlines a low-carbon blueprint for the industry.Although the jou
9、rney to carbon neutrality will be long,we firmly believe that with the global consensus in addressing climate change with net zero emission,CHINT will help our customers achieve carbon neutrality faster with our continuously iterating technology innovations.We will also continue developing future-pr
10、oofed sustainable development capability,contributing CHINT power to overall carbon targets.Keep forging ahead towards a promising future.During the rapid revolution of global energy landscape,CHINT will collaborate with partners from all sectors to speed up low-carbon transition,bringing the“CHINT
11、model”to global green and sustainable development and helping the world realize a zero-carbon future.PrefaceDirector of CHINT GroupPresident of Zhejiang CHINT Electrics Co.,Ltd.President of CHINT GlobalLily ZhangTable of ContentsPrefaceChapter 1:Global Background and Significance of CarbonPeaking an
12、d Carbon NeutralityI.Carbon Neutrality Becomes Imperative as Global Warning IntensifiesII.A Race Against Time-Carbon Neutrality Practices across the Globe02050608Chapter 2:Strategic Plans of China for Carbon Neutrality I.Carbon Neutrality Promoted as a National StrategyII.Chinas Commitments to Carbo
13、n NeutralityIII.Chinas Master Plan for Carbon Neutrality11121314Chapter 5:A Long Way to Go Major Challenges toAchieve Carbon NeutralityI.Challenge 1:High Dependence on Coal as Power SupplyII.Challenge 2:Power Grid Stability and FlexibilityIII.Challenge 3:Limitations in Collaborative Optimization of
14、Power Consumption24252627Chapter 4:Directions to Pursue Paths to Carbon NeutralityI.Emission Reduction:Structural Optimization to Reduce Emissions from SourcesII.Emission Offset:CCUS192123Chapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers toEmpowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsI.Overall Archit
15、ecture:Green Energy,Smart Grid,Load Reduction,New StorageII.Solutions by Sectors:“Electricity substitution+Clean Energy Substitution”282933Chapter 3:Carbon Neutrality Goals of CHINT17Chapter 7:Perspectives from Senior Experts41Chapter 1:Global Background and Significance ofCarbon Peaking and Carbon
16、NeutralityChapter 1:Global Background and Significance ofCarbon Peaking and Carbon NeutralityContinuous warming causes natural disasters such as floods,droughts,and hurricanes,disrupting ecological balance and endangering species.Global warming is the consequence of climate changes attributable to h
17、uman behaviors.Changes to come if global temperature rises by 2CDisappearanceof coral reefsCoral reefs produce oxygen and are known as the rainforest of the sea,which provide habitat for one fourth of the marine life.10cm Rise of Sea LevelTemperature rise will accelerate the rate of ice melting in G
18、reenland and the Arctic,leading to rising sea levels and the disappearance of lower-ly-ing coastal cities and countries.Desertification of landand mass extinctionRising temperature will put food security at significant risk and make some parts of the world unsuitable for outdoor working or living.Gl
19、obal warming is changing the way people live and endangering the habitability of the planet:I.Carbon Neutrality Becomes Imperative as Global Warning Intensifiesrises by 2Crises by 2Crises by 2CChapter 1:Global Background and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon NeutralityChapter 1:Global Backgr
20、ound and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality061In 2015,parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)signed up a milestone agreement the Paris Agreement the 21st the Conference of the Parties.In the agreement,all countries agreed to work to limit global
21、 temperature rise to well below 2 C,and given the grave risks,to strive for 1.5 C.Temperature increase above 1.5C will imperil the planets habitability.If remained with no control,the limit would be hit by 2030,and could further move toward an unacceptable direction of 3C of temperature increase.Car
22、bon peaking and carbon neutrality complement each other.Since the total amount of carbon absorbed by afforesta-tion and industrial carbon sequestration is relatively fixed and far less than the amount of carbon emitted by industrial development.Global consensus to control temperature rise at 1.5C or
23、 below 2CCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White Paper07Meteorological observations from countries around the world showed that the Earths average surface temperature has risen by 0.07C(0.13F)every decade since 1880.This rate has been accelerating over time to 0.18C(0.32F),m
24、ore than doubled since 1981.According to the World Meteorological Organization(WMO),2016 was the hottest year since the Industrial Revolution,but 2019 and 2020 were about the same.The global average temperature in 2020 was about 1.2C above the pre-industrial level.Carbon dioxide(CO2)is the main cont
25、ributor to global warming.As human activities increase,weve seen increasing carbon emissions globally starting from the mid-18th century,which obviously picked up the pace since the middle of the 20th century.Global warming is the consequence of climate change caused by human activities.In response
26、to this crisis,a global action is imperative.Carbon emissions to be blamed for global warming Source:“Historical changes of Global Monthly Surface Temperatures(1851-2020)”,by Global Climate MediaExtremely low CO2 emission in prehistoric ages with no application of fossil fuelsCO2 emission grew fast
27、since The Industrial Revolution as global consumption of fossil fuels kept increasing1950,global CO2 emission 6 billion tons1990,global CO2 emission increased by 2 times to over 22 billion tonsCO2 emission growth kept accelerating during the time2020,global CO2 emission exceeded 34.8 billion tons202
28、2,global CO2 emission exceeded 41.3 billion tons32Earth is the only planet that supports human life.In the face of global climate challenges,mankind is a community with shared future of prosperity and loss,and no country can stay out of it.By the end of 2021,136 countries have committed to realize c
29、arbon neutrality.They cover 88%of the worlds green-house gas emissions,90%of the worlds GDP and 85%of the worlds population.Regarding the form of commitments,13 countries have completed formal legislation,30 have incorporated them into policy documents,16 have made decla-rations,and 70 are at the st
30、age of proposal.II.A Race Against Time-Carbon Neutrality Practices across the Globeadditional carbon peaking plans are required to reverse the growth trend of carbon emissions.The latest research from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)shows that controlling global warming below 1.5
31、C would require the world to reduce CO2 emissions by 45%in 2030 compared to 2010 and realize net-zero CO2 emissions around 2050;limiting global warming to 2 C would require the world to reduce CO2 emissions by 25%in 2030 compared to 2010 and realize net-zero CO2 emissions around 2070.Figure:Forms of
32、 Carbon Neutrality Commitments across the GlobeChapter 1:Global Background and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon NeutralityChapter 1:Global Background and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality081.5 Goal45%2030 vs 20102 Goal2050Global CarbonNeutrality25%2030 vs 20102070Global C
33、arbonNeutralityWith carbon neutrality goalsWith emission reduction goals but no carbon neutrality goalsNeither has goals nor commitmentsConceptDifferenceWith diverse development stages,energy structure,emission reduction ambition and resources,different countries use various emission reduction conce
34、pts.“Carbon Neutrality”is adopted by China,Kazakhstan,Colombia,etc.“Net Zero Emissions”is adopted by U.S.,Canada,Argentina,etc.“Climate Neutral”is adopted by EU,Brazil,etc.Source:UNFCCC,KearneyAmong committed developed countries except Canada and Korea,major economies such as the United Kingdom,Germ
35、any,and France have peaked carbon emissions.They are now in the stage of reducing total carbon emissions,enjoying a longer time window and less pressure to be carbon neutral.2040,2045,and 2050 are common deadlines committed by most developed countries.Table:Timelines and Technologies of Major Develo
36、ped Countries towards Carbon NeutralityNo.Country/RegionUnitedStates1Liquid fuels,mainly in low-carbon transpor-tation;greater efforts in battery energy storage,next-gen building materials,renewable energy,green hydrogen,and advanced nuclear technologiesLow-carbon technologies in various industries,
37、incl.offshore wind,hydrogen,nuclear,electric vehicles,green public transport,zero-emission jets,green buildings,CCUS,natural environment,green finance and innovation,etcFocus on renewable energy and hydrogen development;enhance battery strengthHydrogen,ammonia fuel,offshore wind,fuel cells,solid was
38、te recycling,etcHydrogen,nuclear,renewable materials recycling,biofuel products;also probe into industrial decarbonization100%clean energyNet zeroReduce emissionsby 50%-52%(YoY change compared to 2005).Technology directionsGoals and Timelines20302035204020452050UnitedKingdom4NearzeroReduce emissions
39、by 78%(YoY change compared to 1990)Japan210GWoffshore wind30-45GWoffshore windCarbonneutralGermany3Reduce emissionsby 65%Reduce emissionsby 85%-90%Net zeroFrance532%renewableenergyCarbonneutralCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White Paper09Major developing countries such as
40、China,India,Brazil,South Africa,Indonesia,and Russia have also committed to carbon neutrality.Brazil and Russia have peaked carbon emissions.While China,India and other countries have not yet,facing pressure from both low-carbon transition and economic development.Compared with international practic
41、es,Chinas commitments leave an interval of only 30 years between the promised carbon peaking time and carbon neutrali-ty time.With similar emission reduction paths,China has a shorter buffer period and will face more challenges.To sum up,initiatives around the world have made clear that the essence
42、of global carbon neutrality is the energy transi-tion from non-renewable fossil fuels to renewable energies.In the meantime,the energy substitution driven by carbon neutrality is also a symbol of the progress of human civilization.Figure:Carbon Neutrality Timelines of Major Developing Countries Chap
43、ter 1:Global Background and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon NeutralityChapter 1:Global Background and Significance of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality060206020602070South AfricaChinaBrazilRussiaIndonesiaIndiaChapter 2:Strategic Plans of Chinafor Carbon NeutralityChina attach
44、es great importance to climate change.It implements a series of strategies,initiatives,and actions to address climate change and engages in global climate governance.Chinas carbon emission reduction can be divided into three phases.In view of the inherent requirements for sustainable development and
45、 a community with a shared future for mankind,China defined climate change response as a national strategy.By promoting the development of a fair and win-win global climate governance system,China contributes wisdom and strength to the fight against climate changes.Climate change is a common challen
46、ge for mankind.As the worlds largest developing country,Chinas carbon emission reduction actions are of great significance to global climate change mitigation.However,China is also facing a conflict between the increasing energy demand from economic growth and carbon reduction targets.and increasing
47、 green-house gas emissions driven by the needs of economic growth and living standards improvement.Therefore,Chinas carbon neutrality target becomes a focus of global attention.Chapter 2:Strategic Plans of China for Carbon NeutralityI.Carbon Neutrality Promoted as a National StrategyPhase I(1988-200
48、8)rioritized economic development but neglected emission reduction Negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change commenced in 1988 but had not been approved by China until 1994 The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and ratified by China in 2002“The Peoples Republic of Ch
49、ina Initial National Communication on Climate Change was issued,and Chinas greenhouse gas emission data was released by China for the first time in 2004“Responding to Climate Change:Chinas Policies and Actions”was released in 2007Phase III(2020-present)Carbon emission reduction escalated as a nation
50、al strategy In 2020,China explicitly stated to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2060 for the first time China set the target of increasing the share of non-fossil energy in primary energy to 25 percent by 2030 In 2020,China established the 1+N policy system for carbon pea
51、k and carbon neutrality,the top-level document has been released,and specific action plans are being released continuouslyPhase II(2009-2020)Attentions gradually paid to emission reduction China had accelerated carbon emission reduction since 2009 and set a target of 40%-45%cut in carbon emissions p
52、er unit of GDP in 2020 compared with 2005 In 2014,China announced for the first time the plans to peak carbon emissions by 2030 or even earlier,and to increase the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20 percent by 2030 China stressed to reduce the carbon emissions
53、per unit of GDP by 60%-65%compared with 2005 in a China-US Joint Statement on Climate Change in 201512CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperTo fulfill its commitments in the Paris Agreement,China has announced a long-term carbon neutrality goal,hoping to make a notabl
54、e contribution to global climate change.On September 22,2020,President Xi Jinping announced at the general debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly that China would strive to realize carbon peaking by 2030 and realize carbon neutrality by 2060,by adopting more vigorous polic
55、ies and measures.This commitment indicates that,in a rapidly changing global environment,China will assume a global leadership role in addressing climate change and take stronger actions to fulfill both economic growth and inclusive prosperity.II.Chinas Commitments to Carbon Neutrality2030-Carbon Pe
56、akingCO2 emission peaks2060-Carbon NeutralNet Zero Emission of CO21/21/2CO2 EmissionCO2 Absorption13Figure:Interpretation of contrastive relationships of“1+N”top-level design documents Chapter 2:Strategic Plans of China for Carbon Neutrality14To meet the strategic goals of realizing carbon peaking b
57、efore 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060,both top-level design around policy system and scientific objectives are required to guide economic sectors and the society to reduce carbon emission progressively.III.Chinas Master Plan for Carbon Neutrality1+N climate policy system towards carbon peaking an
58、d carbon neutrality.1 refers to the guiding principle,which is composed of the Guidance by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Complete and Accurate Implementation of the New Development Concept to Perform Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(中共中央国务院关于完整准确全
59、面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见)and the Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030(2030年前碳达峰行动方案).N represents implementation plans in key areas and key industries and related supporting plans.At the same time,regional action plans have also been drafted.Top-level Design1 10Areas10Actions3SupportsAdva
60、nce the green transition ofeconomic and social developmentGreen and low-carbonenergy transformation actionsEnergy saving,carbon reductionand efficiency enhancement actionsCarbon peaking actionsin industrial sectorsCarbon peaking actions inurban and rural constructionGreen and low-carbonactions in tr
61、ansportationLeverage circular economy topromote low-carbon actionsGreen and low-carbontechnology innovation actionsCarbon sink capacity consolidationand improvement actionsGreen and low-carbon national actionsOrderly carbon peakingactions in various regionsInternational cooperationPolicy guaranteesO
62、rganization and implementationFundamental transfer of industrial structureSpeed up building a clean,low-carbon,safe,and highly-efficient energy systemImprove the quality of urban andrural low-carbon developmentStrengthen the research application of majorgreen and low-carbon technologiesContinue to c
63、onsolidate andimprove carbon sink capacityImprove the level of green andlow-carbon external developmentImprove laws,regulations,standards,and statistical monitoring systemsImprove policy mechanisms andeffectively strengthen organizationsSpeed up building a low-carbontransformation system“1”Guidance“
64、N”PlansFigure:China carbon trading market system exhibitionCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White Paper15Unified national carbon emission trading market.China plans to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through market mechanisms.It has launched the national volunta
65、ry greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market as a complement of the previous carbon emission rights trading market.These two trading markets together constitute a complete carbon trading system of China.Sold QuotaBoughtQuotaCertified EmissionReduction ProjectsKeyEmittingEnterprisesCarbonReduc
66、tionExtraCarbonReductionInitialQuotaExcessEmissionInitialQuotaExtra EmissionSaving EnterprisesGovernmentAssignment ofCO2 EmissionSurplusEmissionPenaltyTradingSystemMRV MechanismOffset Limit:5%Chapter 2:Strategic Plans of China for Carbon NeutralityIn 2015,China set its determined 2030 carbon emissio
67、n targets and had exceeded its 2020 targets ahead of schedule by the end of 2019.In 2020,China announced its new NDC(Nationally Determined Contributions)targets:strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.By 2030,compared to 2005,China CO2 emission per unit
68、GDP will decrease by 65%and forest stock volume will increase by 6bn m3.Proportion of non-fossil energies in primary energy consumption will reach 25%and total installed wind and solar power capacity will exceed 1.2bn kW.CHINT opinion:the book (碳中和逻辑体系与技术需求)authored by Academician Ding Zhonglis team
69、,which proposes that China will achieve carbon neutrality within about 40 years,provides a clear and instructive timeline and roadmap.Key ObjectivesChinas Staged Plan for Carbon NeutralityCarbonControl Allow for small carbon emission increase during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and reduce it after
70、 peaking during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.In transportation sector,tries to expand the share of electric vehicles and hydrogen energy for transport;in construction sector,strives to complete about half of low-carbon transformation target;in industrial sector,develops and demonstrates“coal+hydro
71、gen+electricity”substituting for coal.Try to use more wind and solar power and reduce thermal power to meet electricity demand growth;complete demonstration of inland nuclear power application;complete demonstration and make some progress on hydrogen production and use system.【Total carbon dioxide e
72、missions within 10 billion tonnes by 2030】162 Strive for basic completion of the low-carbon transformation in transportation and construction sectors.In the industrial sector,roll out processes of coal/oil/natural gas+hydrogen+electricity that substitute for thermal power,and promote new carbon-free
73、 processes in areas with mature technologies.Eliminate 15 percent of backward installed thermal power capacity;complete the system of hydrogen production from wind and solar and hydrogen use and expand the capacity.【Total carbon dioxide emissions within 8.5 billion tonnes by 2040】CarbonReduction Rea
74、lize near-zero carbon transformation in construction and transportation sectors;complete low-carbon transformation basically in the industrial sectors.The total installed capacity of thermal power to be reduced by another 25 percent;wind and solar power and hydrogen become main energy resources;affo
75、rdable energy storage technologies are basically mature.echnology for recycling and reuse of nuclear waste in China is estimated to be mature and the on-grid tariff of nuclear power will decrease,basically meeting the conditions to substitute for thermal power as a stable power source.【Total carbon
76、dioxide emissions within 6 billion tonnes by 2050】LowCarbon Intelligent and low-carbon power supply system to be built,and thermal power will reduce to 30 percent of the current total installed capacity;natural gas will substitute partially for coal in thermal power generation,and dioxide emissions
77、from thermal to be controlled at 1 billion tonnes per year;use water,solar,wind and nuclear as main sources of power supply,with thermal power serving only for emergency need or“base load in some areas Industrial sector will also reach low carbon,in addition to transportation and construction sector
78、s.1.5 billion tonnes of the emission quota will mainly be allocated to areas where emissions are unavoidable,such as cement production,chemicals,and the production and processing of certain raw materials,as well as civil energy use in remote areas.The remaining 500 million tonnes of CO2 emission quo
79、ta will be allocated flexibly.【Total carbon dioxide emissions at 2.5 3 billion tonnes by 2060】CarbonNeutralityChapter 3:Carbon Neutrality Goals of CHINTFigure:CHINTs Carbon Neutrality Goals and Implementation RoadmapEmission reduction measures including energy efficiency improvement,increasing the u
80、se of renewable energy and renewable materials,building one-stop carbon neutral solutions and“Zero-carbon Demonstration Campus”.As a global leading provider of smart energy solutions,CHINT always practices the concept of sustainable development in its intelligent electrical business.Based on nationa
81、l carbon peaking and neutrality goals,CHINT has set its own carbon neutrality goals and incorporated it into its corporate strategy.By 2028,CHINT will achieve carbon neutrality(includ-ing carbon offset)in its business operations.By 2035,CHINT will realize net zero carbon emissions in its opera-tions
82、 and build a complete value chain emission management system.By 2050,CHINT will realize net zero emis-sions throughout the value chain.CHINTs solemn commitments to carbon neutrality set new milestones on its sustainable development.At the same time,as an official member of UNGC(United Nations Global
83、 Compact),CHINT supports UNGCs developing targets and initiatives.Beyond performing its low-carbon strategy and carbon neutrality goals,CHINT also empowers its customers to build an end-to-end zero-carbon industrial chain,as contributions to the realization of Chinas carbon neutrality goal.Chapter 3
84、:Carbon Neutrality Goals of CHINTBy 2028:Carbon neutrality in own operations(with carbon offset).Emission reduction measures including waste recycling,substitution for fossil fuels,process upgrading,green packaging,and carbon removal.By 2035:Net-zero carbon emissions in operations plus carbon emissi
85、on managementsystem for the value chain.Emission reduction measures including value chain decarbonization through CHINTs one-stop carbon neutrality solutions,zero-carbon operations in all factories and campuses,and striving for carbon neutrality of all products.By 2050:Net-zero carbon emission acros
86、s the value chain.18SuppliersConsumersCHINT OperationSCScope III(upstream)Scope I&IIScope III(downstream)202820352050Realize net-zero-emission operationBuild complete value chain emission management systemRealize net zero emission across the value chainRealize carbon-neutral operation100%Improve ene
87、rgy efficiency More usage of renewable energy Introduce renewable materials One-stop carbon neutralization solutions Zero carbon demonstration campus Waste recycling Substitution for fossil fuels Process upgrades Green packaging Carbon Removal Power the decarbonization of value chain withCHINT solut
88、ions Zero carbon operation in all plants and campuses Carbon neutralization of all productsChapter 4:Directions to Pursue Paths to Carbon NeutralityCarbon neutrality means that carbon emissions caused by human activities are controlled within the absorption capacity of ecosystems.To achieve carbon n
89、eutrality,we need to go through two stages:first,stop the increase of carbon emis-sion as soon as possible,which is the process of carbon peaking;then gradually reduce emissions from peak to neutral-ity.In terms of CO2 emission control,there are two paths to reach carbon neutrality.In view of Chinas
90、 current industrial structure and technological development,a feasible path to carbon neutrality is mainly based on reducing carbon emissions,supplemented by increasing carbon sequestration.Reduce the use of fossil fuels requires large-scale adjustment to the energy structure and the industrial stru
91、cture of the economy.Reduce carbonemissionCapture and reuse CO2 in the air through biological carbonsequestration and technical carbon sequestration.Increase carbonSequestration202020302060Carbon EmissionCarbon Absorption20CO2Chapter 4:Directions to Pursue Paths to Carbon NeutralityIndustrial Restru
92、cturingEnergy Saving&Efficiency ImprovementElectrificationClean EnergyCCUSChange of Land Useand Tree PlantingBiomass CarbonCapture and StorageDirect Air CaptureCarbonNeutralityReduction ofCarbon Emissions Increase ofCarbon UptakeReduction of EnergyConsumptionReduction of CarbonIntensityCarbon Captur
93、eNegative CarbonEmissionsFigure:Primary Energy Demand under Chinas Neutrality Pledge Carbon emission volume is affected by many factors such as economic development,industrial structure,energy struc-ture,and technical development level.The key to CO2 emission reduction is to get rid of the dependenc
94、e on fossil fuels,so that CO2 generation volume will be cut from sources.Electrification and clean energies are two main paths to realize this target.Chinas installed power capacity was 2.38 billion kW in 2021 and is estimated to reach 6-8 billion kW by 2060.The Inter-national Energy Agency(IEA)pred
95、icts that the share of low-carbon energy resources such as solar power,wind power,hydropower,bioenergy,and nuclear in primary energy demand will jump from 15%today to 74%by 2060.I.Emission Reduction:Structural Optimization to ReduceEmissions from SourcesPower generation side:build a new power system
96、 with adjustedenergy structureSource:An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China(中国能源体系-碳中和路线图),by the International Energy Agency(IEA)211 CoralOilGasNuclearHydro现代生物能源和废弃物BioenergySolarWindOther renewableRenewable EnergiesNon-Fossil FuelNet Emission ofEnergy System(Gt CO2)0140
97、09080706050403020100CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperAccording to Jiang Yi,an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE),main tasks of Chinas energy revolution is to establish a new zero-carbon power system,and to push the industrial,transp
98、ortation,and construction sectors to change their energy structures with transformed energy supply.The future power system should has following characteristics:Huge installed power capacity Wind and solar will gradually become main sources for power generation and energy supply Stable power supply s
99、hould gradually change from thermal power(major source at present)to nuclear power,hydro-power,and comprehensive and other complementary clean energies Energy storage,conversion and load adjustment technologies are necessary to overcoming the fluctuation of wind and solar resources Thermal power is
100、only used as an emergency power supply Several times larger transmission infrastructure to balance regional resource differences;strengthened distribution infrastructure to absorb more distributed resources.To be carbon neutral,China plans to build a new power system with a total capacity of 6 8 bil
101、lion kW.In the next 40 years,China will progressively realize carbon-controlled power system,carbon-reduced power system,low-carbon power system and zero-carbon power system.Each stage will last about a decade,along with large-scale construction of power transmission and transformation infrastructur
102、e.To establish such a power system,there are lots of technological thresholds to break through in terms of power genera-tion,energy storage,conversion,consumption,etc.,which will become the top priorities along the journey to carbon neutrality.At present,around 30%of Chinas carbon emission comes fro
103、m industrial energy consumption(excluding industrial electricity use),10%from transportation,and 5%from buildings.To achieve carbon neutrality,overall user-end electrifi-cation,carbon reduction from sources and energy efficiency improvement are required to be promoted in all these sectors.Industrial
104、s:Steel,nonferrous metals,chemicals,building materials,and other emission-intensive industries must be deeply decarbonized,for example the electrification of boilers and kilns.If electrification is not viable,low-carbon mixed fuels can be alternative options.Transportation:Electricity will replace f
105、ossil fuels as the main energy for road passenger transportation.Hydrogen might partially replace fossil fuels for boats,heavy trucks,and airplanes.Safe and economical charging infrastructures and hydrogen supply system are the base of such low-carbon transportation system.Buildings:Mainly based on
106、full electrification in urban buildings,supplemented by heat pumps and natural gas in regions,a power combination of rooftop PV,electric heat pump,natural gas,biogas,and input electricity can be built for civil energy consumption.Power consumption side:new energy-saving technologies to acceleratecle
107、an energy application and electrificationSource:“Carbon Neutrality”(碳中和逻辑体系与技术需求),by Academician Ding Zhongli222Chapter 4:Directions to Pursue Paths to Carbon NeutralityFigure:Carbon-Negative Technologies including CCUSAccording to the International Energy Agency(IEA),total residual emission in 2060
108、 will be around 610 million tonnes,mostly from sectors that are struggling to reduce emissions,such as heavy industry and long-distance transportation(road,marine and air).The residual emissions in 2060 will be fully offset by negative emissions from Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage(BECCS)a
109、nd direct air capture(DAC)and storage.At present,there are four main means of carbon storage:Restoration and conservation of degraded ecosystems;Capture of high-concentration CO2 for chemical,biological and other conversions;Underground storage of captured CO2;Use of biomass fuels,smoldering of fell
110、ed trees and straws in the field.II.Emission Offset:CCUS 23Industrialprocess of fossilfuelsUtilization ofbiomassDirect aircaptureTankerGeologicalUtilizationBiological UtilizationOceansLandChemicalUtilizationPipelineShippingCO2 CaptureCO2 TransformationCO2 SequestrationCO2 UtilizationCCUSBECCSDACCSCO
111、2CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperChapter 5:A Long Way to Go Major Challenges to AchieveCarbon NeutralityChapter 5:A Long Way to Go Major Challenges to AchieveCarbon NeutralityI.Challenge 1:High Dependence on Coal as Power SupplyCompared with developed countries,
112、China is facing a shorter time window from carbon peaking to carbon neutrality and larger emission volume to cut.It is an arduous task to meet the ambitious carbon neutrality goal in 30 years.There is a long way to go.An important trend in carbon reduction is electrification in key energy-using area
113、s.The electrification in industry,transportation,and buildings will effectively reduce the dependence of final consumption on fossil energies.At the same time,it introduces continuous increase of electricity consumption.The proportion of electric energy in final energy consumption will increase to a
114、bout 50%by 2050.Achieving low-carbon development in the power sector is bound to be the top priority for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Chinas resource structure is rich in coal,deficient in oil,and lean in gas.This energy endowment severely constrains the progress of emission reduct
115、ion.China ranks top in total coal production and consumption.The country imports 73%and 43%respectively for its oil and gas demand,facing intense pressure to secure energy supply.In 2021,fossil fuels accounted for 85%of Chinas total primary energy demand,of which,coal took up nearly 60%and oil took
116、up about one fifth.Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy is the most important way to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.However,the exiting of coal-fired power will bring challenges to power supply stability and short-term economic growth of coal-dependent regions to some extent.“A
117、n Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China”(中国能源体系-碳中和路线图),by“Chinas Challenges and Solutions to Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals”(我国实现“双碳”目标面临的挑战及对策),by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,2021China will maintain dependent on coal power for a long time,as it isrich in coal but defi
118、cient in oil.251 Figure:Carbon Reduction Caused by Electrification and Clean PowerCarbon EmissionFossil fuelconsumptionsElectrificationClean PowerElectrification:less dependent ofenergy consumptionon fossil fuelsClean Power:lower carbonemissions duringpower generationPrimary EnergyPrimary EnergyElec
119、tricityElectr-icityPrimary EnergyClean EnergyCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperPV and wind power will be main energy resources by 2050,accounting for 83%of total electricity generation in China.However,power from wind,solar and other new energy resources is random
120、 and volatile due to their vulnerability to natural conditions,imposing challenges to large-scale on-grid operations.With more renewable energy capacity inter-connected to the grid,the grid randomness and volatility will come from both supply side and demand side,bringing great challenges to the gri
121、ds stability and flexibility.II.Challenge 2:Power Grid Stability and FlexibilityRegarding Chinas overall power load,the daily peak and off-peak gap is expected to keep widening,with peak load increasing significantly to more than double of the off-peak load.However,if we expand power plants and tran
122、smission capabilities to meet the annual peak demand which lasts only a few days or a few hours,it will be a heavy investment with low utilization.Expanding grid capacity catering to peak demand will causeunderutilization of power assets given increasing peak and off-peakdifferenceFigure:Chinas Prim
123、ary Energy Consumption Structure,2021From technology perspectives,wind,photovoltaic,photothermal,geothermal,and tidal energy have great uncertainties due to uncontrollable natural conditions,such as day and night alternation and weather.Therefore,power generation from these renewable energy resource
124、s are volatile,random,and intermittent.Besides,the long distance between power plants and load centers drives up the cost of renewable energy electricity to some extent,and consequently affect consumption.Furthermore,without a national electricity market in place yet,power supply in China has long b
125、een allocated and balanced at provincial level.The lack of cross-provincial and regional allocation capacity seriously constrains optimized renewable energy allocation at large scale.The volatility,randomness,and intermittence of renewable energiesconstrain its application scale due to difficulties
126、in peak shaving,long-distance transmission,and storage Coal56.00%Oil 18.50%Gas 8.90%Non-Fossil 16.60%262 1 Chapter 5:A Long Way to Go Major Challenges to Achieve Carbon NeutralityIII.Challenge 3:Limitations in CollaborativeOptimization of Power ConsumptionTable:Three Key Challenges for Carbon Neutra
127、lity in ChinaThe cost of moving away from coal is high;volatility and randomness cause technical difficulties in peak shaving,long-distance transmission,and energy storageGreat challenges in grid stability and flexibilityHigher requirements for collaborative optimization of distributed energy and fl
128、exible loadsFossil fuels focusedWind,PV,and other cleanenergy resources focusedRigid,consumption onlyFlexible,production+consumptionPrimarily one-waycascade transmissionRandom volatility atdemand side onlyRandom volatility at bothdemand and supply sidesAC/DC hybrid macro-grid+micro-grid+local DC pow
129、er grid+adjustable loadSupply sideGrid sideLoad sideFieldConventional power systemNew power systemKey challengesThe load side of the new power system involves distributed new energy resources and energy storage.Its role will shift from purely consumer to“supplier+consumer”,adding uncertainty to grid
130、 load.As a result,the whole system needs collaborative optimization of distributed energy resources and flexible loads.Flexible loads include adjustable or transferable loads with demand flexibility,electric vehicles with bidirectional charging capabilities,energy storage,distributed power supply,mi
131、crogrid,etc.With power consumption behaviors agilely responding to price signals,they contribute significantly to power system flexibility.In large cities where the power supply falls short of electricity demand growth,flexible loads can balance the peak and off-peak demand,playing a key role in ens
132、uring safe operation of the power grid.“Prospects of the Construction and Development of New Power System”(新型电力系统的建设发展展望),by Chen Haoyong,Director of the Institute of PowerEconomics and Electricity Market,South China University of Technology“Transparent Grid Empowers New Power System Development”(透明
133、电网赋能新型电力系统建设),by CAE Academician Li Licheng,2022In a combined heat and power(CHP)system for example,where there are no energy storage facilities,it works in three models-determining electricity generation based on heat load,determining heat generation based on electricity capac-ity,or the two combin
134、ed-which is less flexible.With more energy types in the multi-energy power system,the correla-tion and coupling will also be stronger,raising urgent demands for flexibility and reliability enhancement.In a carbon neutral scenario by 2060,the new power system will jointly develop the distribution net
135、work and distributed power resources.The power grid will be operating in the form of macro-grid+active distribution network+micro-grid,with controllable flexibility and visibility as characteristics.The system will be able to accept new energy unconditionally and therefore remarkably increase the ut
136、ilization of capacity.And dynamic power balance and energy balance secures the safety and stability of the system.Coupling and constraints among multiple energy resources impact theflexibility and reliability of multi-energy systems272 CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White
137、 PaperChapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to EmpoweringCarbon Neutrality across SectorsChapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to EmpoweringCarbon Neutrality across SectorsCHINT is actively building a new power system based on new energy resources.By developing new technolo
138、gies,appli-cations,and business models in four core areas-green energy,smart network,load reduction,and energy storage,CHINT supports Chinas efforts to realize the overall targets of“dual carbon”.The use of clean energy is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality,which means to reduce the use o
139、f fossil fuels and increase the proportion of renewable energy,and as a result,to reduce carbon emissions.For power generation,CHINT has been developing various clean energy resources,such as photovoltaic,biomass,wind power,and CCHP,among which over 10 GW of PV power capacity has been delivered arou
140、nd the world.(1)PV+solutionsCHINT provides one-stop PV solutions for projects including large and medium-sized PV power plants,distributed PV power stations and a variety of PV+power stations.As the only service provider in the industry with advantages in system integration and technology integratio
141、n,CHINT has many years of experience in PV development and construc-tion,with a total installed capacity of more than 10GW,showing solid capability to construct and operate PV projects globally.(2)Residential PV solutionsResidential PV stations are built on residential buildings or nearby buildings.
142、Generated electricity can be either directly consumed by the household or sold to the grid.CHINT provides one-stop services including system survey,design,installation,operation,and maintenance for residential solutions.It has built more than 1000,000 residential PV power stations across the country
143、 and is the first residential PV system enterprise in the industry to obtain the Made in Zheji-ang certification.As carbon peaking and carbon neutrality become a worldwide consensus,CHINT,as a pioneering leader in smart energy system solutions,is actively practicing the concept of sustainable develo
144、pment and leveraging its innovation capabilities and intelligent products to empower customers carbon reduction.Focusing on energy-intensive and emission intensive scenarios,CHINT taps the carbon reduction needs and potentials of key industries to empower their low-carbon trans-formation,and help Ch
145、ina realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.29 Green Energy develop clean energy,with PV as focus1 CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperI.Overall Architecture:Green Energy,Smart Grid,Load Reduction,New StorageWith the large-scale development and interconnection
146、of new energy,grids are facing larger challenges from load balance,safety,and stability control than ever before.CHINT is devoted to supporting the construction of next-genera-tion power system by integrating information technology,power electronics technology and energy internet technology.For the
147、granular management of power distribution,CHINT provides smart IoT power distribution platform,which integrates power distribution products,power quality products,smart meters,sensors,and smart terminals to realize comprehensive sensing,data integration and smart application in distribution grids.Th
148、e platform solution enhances the stability and flexibility of the power grid,bringing higher capability of renewable energy consumption.It enables enter-prises to acquire reliable electricity supply with lower cost less carbon emission.Smart Grid-new power grids powered by intelligence Figure:CHINTs
149、 Household PV SolutionsFigure:CHINTs Smart Platform Solution for Power Distribution IoT30Distribution CircuitEmergency RepairOffice Building/HospitalPower StationNew TransportationWindPVBattery Energy Storage SystemMicro GridIntelligent Power Distribution SystemSchoolFactory2 Chapter 6:Perseverance
150、till Success CHINTs Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsPV ModulesPVInvertersPVMeteringBoxHouseMeteringBoxConsoleCHINT provides customers with high-quality regional energy solutions aiming at minimum carbon emissions.In line with local energy policies and natural resource endowment
151、s,solutions adopt a multi-energy complementary system to provide end users with energy services including heating,cooling and power supply.The system is based on new energy structure,with low dependency on fossil fuels.Its energy storage system supports CCHP,which significantly improves energy effic
152、iency.And the cloud-based end-to-end energy efficiency management function can be used to ensure the life-cycle energy efficiency of projects in industrial,transportation and building sectors.Load Reduction-end-user energy efficiency management systemand end-to-end control of carbon assetsFigure:App
153、lication of CHINTs Energy Efficiency Solution in BuildingsResidenceHotelCommercial ComplexCommunity of Tomorrow(1)Energy efficiency in building sectorCHINT has been deeply engaged in the building sector for years,covering all series of electric products required in building construction and operatio
154、n.It is further developing an intelligent power distribution system for buildings to realize intelligent and unattended management and real-time monitoring of building energy consumption.It provides a full range of power distribution and automation solutions for substations,power distribution rooms
155、and public power distribution systems of communities,power distribution systems of buildings,and household electrical systems,etc.,effectively ensuring the safety and efficiency in electricity use.31Figure:Integrated Regional Energy Management SolutionIntegrated weak and strong electricity systemInt
156、egrated energy efficiency cabinetColdsourceHeatsourceSmart panelEnvironmentsensorBodysensorSmart meterRemotetransmittingwater meterSmart electricityconsumption systemArc faultdetectorElectric firemonitoringterminalSmart circuitbreakerSmartmoulded casecircuit breakerSmart aircircuit breakerEdgegatewa
157、yIcestorageTerminalTransmissionanddistributionEnergystorageMulti-energycomplementary systemWindenergyPV panelEnergystoragePV streetlampChargingstationEdgegatewayIntegrated meter cabinetLocal clientLocal serverLocal serverRemote client accessPowermeter3CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon
158、Neutrality White Paper(2)Energy efficiency in the industrial sectorCHINT provides industrial customers with integrated solutions for the automation,informatization,digitalization and intelli-gence of electrical equipment,control systems and instruments.They include integrated services across life cy
159、cle,such as scheme design,equipment procurement,installation,commissioning,and after-sales.Through this way,CHINT collaborates with industrial enterprises to achieve sustainable development while improving production efficiency and costs.Figure:Application of CHINTs Energy Efficiency Solutions in Th
160、e Industrial SectorMetallurgy IndustryFood IndustryElectronics IndustryPetrochemical Industry(3)Energy efficiency in transportation sector In electric vehicle charging,CHINT has EPC capabilities to serve charging stations.Its capable of turnkey projects for PV storage and charging integrated power s
161、tations and provides complete low-voltage product solutions for AC charging piles and DC charging piles.In rail transit segment,CHINT provides integrated solutions such as comprehensive traffic monitoring,power monitoring,electricity monitoring,and intelligent operation&maintenance for urban rail tr
162、ansit and high-speed railway stations.The solutions integrate station-line-network automation and intelligent system equipment for information sharing and linkage,meeting the management needs of efficient operation of rail transit.Figure:Application of CHINTs Energy Efficiency Solutions in The Trans
163、portation SectorEV Charging StationMTR Low-voltageDistributionPower Supply oflectrified RailwayShore Power System32Chapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsII.Solutions by Sectors:“Electricity substitution+Clean Energy Substitution”33CHINT Carb
164、on Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperEnergy storage is the key to large-scale application of clean energy.With its main purpose as ensuring the consumption of new energy power and enabling flexible regulation,energy storage has become a key measure to implement the dual carbon
165、 strategy.CHINTs energy storage technology and system solutions cover new energy consumption,user-side peak load shaving,power-generation-side ancillary services,and microgrid.New energy consumption solutions:reduce wind and PV curtailment,in combination with power grid peak shaving and new energy p
166、ower output smoothing;User-side peak shaving solutions:peak-valley arbitrage,demand adjustment,system capacity increase delay;Auxiliary service solutions on the power generation side:improve AVG regulation performance,reduce failure rate of generator sets;Microgrid solutions:backup power supply,PV p
167、ower generation for self-use.Whether it is the efficiency improvement of traditional energy or the development and utilization of new energy,CHINTs energy storage system can play a key role in energy storage and reuse and realize the low-carbon transition and reliable supply of the entire power syst
168、em.New Storage Storage technologies for higher usability of new energiesFigure:CHINTs New Energy Storage SolutionElectricity,industrial,transportation and building are the four sectors with the largest emissions,accounting for more than 90 percent of the total.To achieve carbon peaking and neutralit
169、y goals,China is accelerating the implementation of a 1+N policy system,in which specific carbon reduction plans are encouraged in these four sectors.Source:“An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China”(中国能源体系-碳中和路线图),by International Energy Agency,Sep.20214HospitalPVEnergyWindenergyPower
170、 gridPower stationElectricitysubstationSchool-Frequency response-Voltage support-Grid transmission anddistribution deferBuildingPlant-Load requlation-Wind and light curtailment reduction-Electricity reliability improvementSmart office building with EV-Peak and valley benefit-Backup power supply-Dema
171、nd adjustment34Chapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsElectricity substitution refers to replacing direct usage of fossil energy with electricity in end-user energy consumption.It is a fundamental path to solve energy,environment,and climate
172、change issues.Clean energy substitution refers to replacing fossil fuels with renewable energies such as solar and wind to form a new pattern dominated by clean energy.Figure:Proportion of Emissions by Sector in 2020Figure:Carbon Neutrality Roadmap Two Substitutions Expected to Contribute 80%Emissio
173、n ReductionsElectricity47%Transportation9%Buildings5%Others4%Industrial35%For the above industries,CHINT has built targeting business clusters around green energy and intelligent electric.By utilizing its comprehensive industrial layout of source,network,load and storage,CHINT takes the lead and pro
174、motes electricity substitution and clean energy substitution through the application of innovative technologies/products in key emission reduction areas.These strategies contribute to the use of low-carbon fuels,electrification,and clean electricity.They also increase the share of renewable energy c
175、onsumption,thus accelerating the decarbonization of key industries.It is expected that these two substitutions will account for 80 percent of the emission reduction.Source:Research and Practice of“Two Substitutions”Strategy-based Local Consumption of New Energy in GansuJ(基于“两个替代”战略的甘肃新能源就地消纳模式研究与实践)
176、,by Li Ming,Hu Diangang,Zhou Youxue,Power Grid TechnologyCarbon NeutralityElectricity SubstitutionClean Energy SubstitutionEnergy InternetEnergy Efficiency ImprovementNegative EmissionCCUSTargetPathTechnologies35CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperDriven by electric
177、ity substitution and clean energy substitution measures,the proportion of electricity in end-user energy structure.The portion of new energy in power generation types is also projected to rise.Electric power sector will play a crucial role in overall carbon neutrality.The International Energy Agency
178、 estimates that,propelled by electricity substitution,electricitys share in Chinas end-user energy consumption will rise from 27%in 2020 to 70%in 2060.During the same period,electric power generation will also see a 130%increase.To achieve emission reduction targets in the context of rapid growth in
179、 electricity consumption,the power grid system needs to enhance infrastructure across all sections,including power generation,transformation,transmission,distribution,and consumption.Establishing adaptive carbon reduction paths for different sections is essential to achieve comprehensive emission re
180、ductions.Carbon Reduction Path 1:Electricity DecarbonizationtUnder the goal of carbon neutrality,power industry needs to raise the proportion of renewable energy used in power genera-tion.With mature and leading PV solutions,CHINT provides reliable clean power supply to power enterprises,industrial
181、users,and individual households.At the same time,to overcome the volatility challenges of renewable energy,CHINT strives to develop energy storage technolo-gies to ensure grid resilience.With solutions on both grid side and user side,independent energy storage and peak load shifting can be achieved
182、to smooth the power load within days.Carbon Reduction Path 2:Grid FlexibilityFlexibility and intelligence of power grid is critical to increasing the systems ability to accept and use green power.On the power generation side,CHINT provides comprehensive solutions from hardware to systems,to ensure t
183、he smooth interconnection of green power and improve the intelligence of power plant operations.Source:International Energy Agency Chinas Energy System-Roadmap to Carbon NeutralityThe Electric Power Sector1Chart:China Electrification LevelChart:China Electricity Demand by Sectors02000400060008000100
184、00600030204020502060TWhIndustrialBuildingTransportationHydrogenOthers0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%2020203020402050206036Chapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsData source:National Energy AdministrationSource:IEA China Energ
185、y System-Carbon Neutrality RoadmapOn the power distribution side,CHINT provides smart power distribution solutions and IoT distribution stations to achieve smart perception and data integration in distribution networks of different scales and improve lean power grid management.On the power consumpti
186、on side,CHINT helps enterprises to improve energy management and avoid electric security risks with its power safety management system.Based on IoT devices and intelligent analysis platform,the system collects the power consumption data from critical nodes and performs data analysis in real time.Tab
187、le:Carbon Emission Reduction Paths of Power Sector and CHINTs Solutions Power distribution IoT intelligent platform PV grid-connected circuit breaker Smart Power Plant Solutions Smart low-voltage power distribution solutions Smart&safe power management systemPeak capacity adequacyRamp-up flexibility
188、System stabilityRenewable energyEnergy storage PV power generation system Energy storage solutionsElectricity decarbonizationGrid flexibilityEmission reduction pathDirection of actionCHINT solutionsTo achieve the carbon reduction goal,highly ambitious decarbonization actions will be taken in the ind
189、ustrial sector.According to the International Energy Agency,carbon dioxide emissions in the industrial sector will fall by nearly 95%between 2020 and 2060.The Industrial Sector2Chart:China Projected Industrial CO2 EmissionsBn tons00.511.522.533.544.55202020252030203520402045205020552060ChemicalsStee
190、lCementAluminium Others37CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCore drivers behind this trend are also electrification and clean energy substitution.However,unlike power industry which focuses on how to generate and transmitting low-carbon electricity,the industrial s
191、ector focuses on how to use low-carbon electricity.To conduct efficient electrification,industrial enterprises need to plan three major carbon emission reduction paths in terms of equipment and system.Carbon Reduction Path 1:Industrial Electrification The two traditional fossil fuels,coal and oil,is
192、 currently accounting for over 40%of industrial energy consumption.Driven by electrification,this proportion will drop to 15%by 2060.The electrification of industrial processes is the key driver of this process.Using electricity to replace fossil energy to provide heat and power for industrial produ
193、ction can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions.From 1990 to 2020 in China,for every 1 more percentage of electrification level,energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by approximately 2.8%.Carbon Reduction Path 2:Low-Carbon EnergiesBesides electrification,industrial enterprises can furth
194、er reduce scope II carbon emissions by optimizing energy consumption structure and increasing the proportion of green electricity.In addition,for scenarios such as high-temperature productions that are difficult to fully electrify,hydrogen energy can also be introduced as an alternative to fossil fu
195、els to reduce carbon emissions from primary energy.Carbon Reduction Path 3:Digitalization in ProductionImproving the level of digitization in production helps companies improve energy efficiency on operational level.Embedment of automation,IoT network,and energy consumption management platforms into
196、 production can improve the visualization and precise control of energy consumption throughout the process,systematically improve energy use efficiency,and reduce overall carbon emissions.The application of emerging innovative near-zero emission technologies,especially hydrogen energy and carbon cap
197、ture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)in cement,steel,and chemical industries,will also play a significant role for carbon neutrality in the mid to long term.Table:Carbon Emission Reduction Paths in Industrial Sector and CHINT Solutions Rooftop PV power generation system BIPV PV parking sheds Centralize
198、d energy station Energy storage devicesRenewable energyEnergy efficiency improvementEnergy storageFossil energy substitution Electrical devices solutions Heat furnace electric controller solution Distribution network system Motor control schemeIndustrial electrificationLow carbon fuels Automated con
199、trol system Power distribution IoT technology Whole-process energy efficiency managementDigital terminal energy-using equipmentStrengthened energy monitoring and managementProduction Digitalization Emission reduction pathsDirection of actionCHINT solutions38Chapter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs
200、 Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across SectorsCarbon emission reduction in the transportation industry mainly relies on two major driving forces:low-carbon energy and operational efficiency improvement.However,because the vehicle composition and transportation methods of transportation are
201、relatively complicated,there are relatively independent and specific carbon emission reduction paths in different segments.Segment 1:RoadRoad transportation currently generates approximately 80%of the transportation sectors carbon emissions.Chinas new energy passenger vehicles have achieved impressi
202、ve development results.To further achieve the goal of fully electrifying the automobile industry in 2035,large-scale infrastructure construction of power grids and charging stations is also needed.Segment 2:RailWith the optimization of transportation structure,rail transportation plays an increasing
203、ly important role in transportation.Whether in urban rail transit or intercity railway systems,CHINT Electric can provide mature high/low voltage power distribution solutions to help the high-quality development of electrified rail transit.Segment 3:MarineThe energy low-carbonization process of ship
204、ping is at a relatively early stage.The main emission reduction paths in the future include the electrification of small and medium-sized ships,the transformation of LNG power,and the improvement of port operation efficiency.The Transportation Sector3Transportation is the third largest carbon-emitti
205、ng industry.According to the International Energy Agency,Chinas transporta-tion CO2 emissions will continue to grow in the short term.It will peak in 2030 and then decline to approximately 100 million tons in 2060,which is nearly 90%lower than 202013.Data source:IEA China Energy System-Carbon Neutra
206、lity RoadmapData source:China Society of Automotive Engineers Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 2.0Chart:China Projected CO2 Emissions in Transportation02004006008000202020252030203520402045205020552060Mn tonsCivil AirCivil ShippingHeavy TruckMedium TruckCommercial V
207、ehiclesBusPassenger VehicleMotorcycleRailway39CHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperCHINT Carbon Neutrality White PaperSegment 4:AirLong-term emission reductions in air transport come from the prevalence of biomass fuels and hydrogen-based fuels,and the improvement of energy efficiency of supporting fa
208、cilities such as terminals on the other hand.Buildings accounts for about 20%of Chinas total emissions,of which about 5%comes from direct emissions of construction industry,and the remaining 15%comes from energy use in building operations and residential use(mainly heating and power supply).Under th
209、e carbon neutrality goal,building CO2 emissions is expected to rapidly reach the peak and then reduce by approximately 90%by 2050,compared with 2015.How to improve the energy efficiency of buildings during use and optimize the energy structure is a key part in achieving the carbon emission reduction
210、 goals of the building sector.Carbon Reduction Path 1:Electrification of BuildingsBuilding electrification is the main path to reduce building emissions.Heating,cooling,and cooking account for about 80%of building energy consumption.With the progress of electrification in these major energy consumpt
211、ion applica-tions,the proportion of electricity in building energy consumption will increase from approximately 40%in 2020 to approximately 60%in 2060.The Building/Construction SectorTable:Carbon Emission Reduction Paths in Transportation Sector and CHINT Solutions Low-voltage power distribution sol
212、utions for metro stations Low-voltage power distribution solutions for high-speed rail stations Smart rail transit systemElectrificationIncreased energy efficiency in public transportTransportation structure optimizationTransport electrificationTransport energy efficiency improvementIntelligent tran
213、sportation EV charging pile solutions PV pavement technology Zero-carbon smart mobility platformRoadRailSegmentEmission reduction pathsCHINT solutions Power grid+PV storage integrated application solutions E-House on-shore power facility program Power system solutions for battery-powered river-sea v
214、esselsElectrification of inland water transportLNG-powered vesselsMarine Smart and energy-efficient building solutions for airport terminalsBiomass fuelsHydrogen substitutionEnergy efficiency improvementAir4Data source:International Energy Agency Chinas Energy System-Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality40Ch
215、apter 6:Perseverance till Success CHINTs Answers to Empowering Carbon Neutrality across Sectors Integrated solution for PV storage&charging+smart power distribution BIPV solution PEDF solutionBuilding integrated PV(BIPV)Solar heat pump alternativeBuilding systemHeating systemCooling system Overall s
216、olution for heat source automation Overall solution for heat exchange station automationElectrification of buildingsZero-carbon energy Smart energy efficiency building solutions Smart home solutions Smart building valve controlling solutionsGreen buildingsSmart BuildingsEnergy-efficient appliancesBu
217、ilding energy efficiency improvementEmission reduction pathsDirection of actionCHINT solutionsCarbon Reduction Path 2:Zero-Carbon EnergyIncrease the proportion of renewable energy in the building construction process and use process.By improving design standards and retrofitting existing buildings,t
218、echnologies such as renewable energy units,distributed photovoltaics,and solar heat pumps in building air conditioning systems and hot water systems will be popularized so that carbon emissions can be reduced by optimizing energy structure.Carbon Reduction Path 3:Building Energy Efficiency Improveme
219、ntBy improving the energy efficiency of electrical appliances and intelligent operations,the overall energy consumption during building use is reduced,thereby reducing carbon emissions.CHINT Electric has launched targeted intelligent building solutions for commercial buildings and personal residence
220、s,combining building automation,room and water temperature detection backhaul,intelligent valve remote control,energy consumption measurement,intelligent lighting,and furniture systems to achieve intelligent control and efficient energy utilization of buildings.Chart:China Projected Energy Consumpti
221、on in BuildingsTable:Carbon Emission Reduction Paths in Building Sector and CHINT Solutions0502060EJCoalOilGasHydrogenElectricityRegional EnergyRenewable BioTraditional Bio35Chapter 7:Perspectives from Senior ExpertsChapter 7:Perspectives from Senior Experts35Chapter 7:Perspectives from S
222、enior ExpertsClimate change is a common challenge for humanity.In the process of comprehensive cooperation between TV SD and CHINT,as a pioneer,explorer and practitioner of green and low-carbon development,CHINT has successfully integrated ESG concepts into its corporate development strategy.With ac
223、tions and determination,CHINT actively works with stakeholders to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China,and contributes its own strength to the global response to climate change.As the verifier,TV SD strictly followed the verification standards,and conducted a carbon emission verificati
224、on for CHINTs CIMF conference in accordance with the requirements of PAS 2060 and ISO 14064-1 standards.We are very pleased to see that CHINTs various carbon reduction actions,including the call for voluntary actions by conference participants,have achieved significant carbon reduction effects.We lo
225、ok forward to the day when CHINT achieves full carbon neutrality through this Carbon Neutrality White Paper.Going forward,TV SD will continue to help CHINT make steady progress towards carbon neutrality.We will contin-ue to work closely with CHINT to create a more sustainable future.42Vice President
226、,Head of Sustainability of TV SD North AsiaPrabhu RamkumarIndeed,this is an excellent call by CHINT whom is from the corporate communities,urging for acceleration on imple-mentation of decarbonisation that can be based on global standards that are currently available such as for power generation,ele
227、ctric transportation,smart cities,etc.to help closing the widening gaps in achieving the SDGs by the target year.Global Standards Veteran&former IEC Ambassador(2018-2021)Er.Say Leong LIMReaching carbon neutrality would require significant efforts in overcoming challenges and driving for fundamental
228、changes.With the long journey ahead,I do have faith that with hard work we can finally make it happen together.The imperatives to overcome the challenges along the way towards carbon neutrality are innovation and collabora-tion.Innovation requires corporates and academia to explore cutting edge tech
229、nologies for more efficient solutions to facilitate carbon reduction and offset.Collaboration requires all sectors to inspire and enable each other with technologies,solutions and platforms,with an open and win-win mindset.President,Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development,Tsinghua Un
230、iversityLi ZhengA Chinas Well-known Trademark,all trademarks belong to CHINT ELECTRICCopyright 正泰电器(CHINT ELECTRIC)Printed environmentally 2023.10Address:No.1 Zhengtai Road,Zhengtai Industrial Park,Baixiang Town,Yueqing,ZhejiangZip code:325603Phone:Fax:http:/|Email:400-817-7777Customer ServiceOfficial WeChatAccount of CHINT